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10.1 Properties of Acids and Bases & 10.2 Theoretical Acid-Base Definitions

Recall: Properties of Acids and Bases

Acid Base

- pH < 7 - pH >7- tastes sour - tastes bitter- no special feel - feels slippery - neutralizes a base - neutralizes an acid - Ex. HCl - Ex. NaOH

Reactions of Acids

1) With a metal:

Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

A metal and an acid will react to produce hydrogen gas.

Reactions of Acids

2) With a carbonate compound:

CaCO3 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

Carbonate compounds and an acid will react to produce carbon dioxide gas and water.

Reactions of Bases

Bases react with carbon dioxide gas to produce carbonates:

Ex. Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)

Naming Acids Without Oxygen

Without oxygen—start with prefix hydro- and end with –ic acid

 Examples:

H2S (aq)=HI (aq) =

Naming Acids With Oxygen

With oxygen—based on the name of the oxyanion (the anion with the oxygen attached):

Oxyanion name ending in –ate, the acid name ends in –ic acid

Examples:  HClO3

-= HNO3=

Oxyanion name ending in –ite, acid name ends in –ous acid

Examples:  HClO2 = HNO2 =

Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases

ACIDS= molecular compounds that ionize in water and release H+ ions

Ex. HNO3 (aq) H+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)

BASES= ionic compounds that dissociate in water and release OH- ions

Ex. Ca(OH)2 (s) Ca2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq)

NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS= can be represented by the following

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l)

Strong and Weak Acids

Strong acid= will completely ionize in water (lower pH and react vigorously)

Ex. HCl (aq) H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

Weak acid= will partially ionize in water (higher pH and react less vigorously)

Ex. HC2H3O2 (aq) H+ (aq) + C2H3O2- (aq)

In General…

The strength of an acid, HA (aq), depends on how much it ionizes in aqueous solution.

HA (aq) H+ (aq) + A- (aq)

pH and Acidity

pH = 7, neutral pH > 7 = basic pH < 7= acidic

a pH change of 1 unit represents a 10-fold change in how basic or acidic a solution is

Ex. Lemon juice (pH = 2) is 10x more acidic than pop (pH = 3)

pH Scale

Homework

Read pp. 464 – 475Answer the following questions:

p. 469 # 1 – 9 p. 475 # 1, 3 - 12