0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 Kilometers

500 1000 1500 2000 Miles

O T T O M A NE M P

IR

E

TIBET

AFRICA

TURKESTAN

PERSIA

ARABIA(Perfumes)

(Gold,Ivory,

Slaves)

(Gold,Slaves)

EUROPE(Woolens, Wine,

Linen, Soap)

INDIA(Spices, Cotton,Gems, Sugar)

CEYLON(Spices,Gems,Ivory)

CHINA(Porcelain, Silk,Drugs, Spices)

ETHIOPIA

MOROCCO

ENGLAND

IRELAND

SUMATRA

JAVA

OTTOMAN

EMPIRE

SPAIN ITALY

FRANCE

HOLYROMANEMPIRE

PORTUGAL

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N O C E A N

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

BLACK SEA CASPIANSEA

ARALSEA

NORTH

SEA

BALT

ICSE

A

S A H A R A D E S E R T

ARABIANDESERT

Madras

Malacca

Moscow

Kiev

Delhi Hangchow

Bombay

Calicut

Mogadishu

Goa

Paris

Lübeck

LisbonCadiz

Tunis

Marseilles

Valencia Naples

Ragusa

Genoa Venice

Messina Athens

TripoliAlexandria

Damascus

Constantinople

Baghdad

Antioch

Samarkand

Kabul

Beijing

Volga R.

Dnepr R.

ObR.

Hua

ngH

e

Yang

tzeR.

Irra

wad

dyR.

Ganges R.Ind

usR.

White

Nile

Nile

R.

Niger R.

Tigris R.

Danube R. Syr R.

Amu DaryaEuphrates R.

Principal Eurasian routes

Principal Eurasian sea routes

Principal Hanseatic routes

Trans-Saharan routes

Chinese Admiral Cheng-ho’s routes (1405-1433)

Area of Muslim influence, mid 15th Century

1-1 World Trade on the Eve of Discovery

0

0

250 500 750 1000 Miles

500 1000 Kilometers

Taghaza

Sijilmasa

Fez

Cadiz

Lisbon

Marrakech

Wadane

Awdaghost

Timbuktu

Kano

Agades

Ghadames

Tripoli Damascus

Mecca

Berbera

Mogadishu

MalindiGedi

Mombasa

Mozambique

Angoche

Quelimane

Sofala

Sena

Tete

Luanda

São Salvador

Great Zimbabwe

ZeilaAxum

Lalibela

Adulis

Aden

Medina

Basra

Ormuz

Cairo

AlexandriaTajura

Tunis

Ghat

Dongola

Meroë

Takedda

WalataGao

Jenne

KumbiSalehSegou

Elmina

Niani

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A

Islamic areas in Africa

I R A Q

E G Y P T

SUDAN

SIERRA LEONE

EQUITORIALGUINEA

ANGOLA

MOZAMBIQUE

A R A B I A

P E R S I A

GHANA

SONGHAY

BENINIFE

OYOOYO

TAKRUR

WOLOFSTATE

DAURAKANEM

BORNU

LOANGO

LUBA

BUNYORO-KITARA

BUGANDA

MWENEMUTAPA

CHANGAMIRE

MARAVI

KONGO

DARFUR

GUINEAMALI

HAUSAETHIOPIA

S A H A R A

S A H E L

Ma

da

ga

sc

ar

Mafia

CreteCyprus

Sicily

Sardinia

Corsica

Azores

MadeiraIslands

CanaryIslands

Zanzibar

Fernando Poó(Bioko)

São ToméPríncipe

LakeVictoria

LakeTanganyika

Lake Chad

LakeKisale Lake

Malawi

RE

DS

EA

Persian GulfCape Bojador

Cape of Good Hope

B L A C K S E A

CA

S P I AN

SE

AA R A L

S E A

Faleme R.

Gu l f o f Gu inea

GOLDCOAST

SLAVECOAST

IVORYCOAST

Congo R.

Niger R.

Senegal R.

Zam

bezi R.

Orange R.

Vaal R.

Limpopo R.

Cunene

R.

Nile

R.

YORUBA KINGDOMS

1-2 Africa in the Age of Discovery

0 250

0 250 500 Kilometers

500 Miles

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

G U L F O F M E X I C O

HudsonBay

NORTHEASTMEXICO

SOUTHWEST

GREAT BASIN

NORTHERNPLAINS

SOUTHERNPLAINS

SOUTHERNCANADIAN SOUTHERN

CANADIAN

EASTERNWOODLANDS

PRAIRIE

PLATEAU

CALIFORNIA

NORTHWESTCOAST

Lake Superior

Lake

Mic

higa

n

Lake Huron

LakeEri

e

Lake Ontario

Boundary of culture area

Boundary of tribal territory

Language Families

Na-Dene

Algonquian-Ritwan

Iroquoian

Siouan

Caddoan

Muskogean

Kiowa-Tanoan

Keresan

Uto-Aztecan

Hokan

Yukian

Penutian

Sahaptin

Lutuamian

Oregon Penutian

Chinookan

Salishan

Wakashan

Chimakuan

Otomanguean

Area of unknown or complex classification

Modern international boundary

Modern state boundary

BoydstonMaking A Nation: UnitedStates and It’s People, 1/eMap 01.03Type style: Gill SansSize: 43p x 45.3pCARTO-GRAPHICS2001CM Y K

1-3 The Indian Peoples of North America and Their Languages

CAPE VERDEISLANDS

CANARYISLANDS

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

A F R I C A

SPAIN

ENGLANDA T L A N T I C

O C E A N

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

PACIFIC

OCEAN

CUBA

HISPANIOLAPUERTO

RICO

Plants: corn, sweet potato, potato, tomato, peppers, cocoa, vanilla beans,squash, pumpkin, avocado, peanut, pecan, cashew, pineapple

Precious metals: gold, silver

Caribbean Sea

Domesticated animals: cows, horses, pigs, sheep, chicken

Diseases: smallpox, measles, infleunza, typhus, diptheria, scarletfeve

r

Plants: dandelion, crabgrass, olive, banana, lemon, orange, peach, pear, wheat, barley,

rice, co

ffee, su

gar

Slaves

Disease: syphillis

1-4 The Columbian Exchange

Wo

rld

Popu

lati

on,

165

0–20

00 (

in m

illio

ns)

Years

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

2000195019001850180017501650

AfricaNorth AmericaOceaniaLatin AmericaAsiaEurope

1-1 World Population, 1650–2000

0

0 200 400 Kilometers

400 Miles300200100

Verrazzano (France), 1524

Columbus, 1492–1493

Columbus, 1498–1500

Columbus, 1502–1504 Columbus,1493–1496

Ponce de Léon, 1513

Ayllón, 1526

de Soto,1539–1542

1519Cortés ,

Coro

nado

, 1540–1542

Narváez, 1527–1528

deVaca, 1528–153 6

Mexico City(Tenochtitlán)

VALLEY OF MEXICO

GULFOF

MEXICO

C A R I B B E A N S E A

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

N O R T H

A M E R I C A

S O U T H

A M E R I C A

BAHAMAS

CUBAHISPANIOLA

TRINIDAD

PUERTO RICO

JAMAICA

Lake Superior

Lake

Mic

higa

n

Lake Huron

Lake Eri

e

L. Ont a r io

Mississippi R.

OhioR.

ArkansasR.

RioGrande

Colorad

oR.

Missouri

R.

St. L

awre

nce

R.

RioGrande

deSantiago

Red R.

Havana

Santiagode Cuba

Columbus, first voyage, 1492–1493

Columbus, second voyage, 1493–1496

Columbus, third voyage, 1498–1500

Columbus fourth voyage, 1502–1504

Cortés, 1519

Ponce de Léon, 1513

Verrazzano, 1524

Ayllón, 1526

Narváez, 1527–1528

de Vaca, 1528–1536

De Soto, 1539–1542

Coronado, 1540–1542

1-5 The Spanish Exploration

SINKIANG

A F R I C A

CHINA

BAHRAIN

EGYPTKUWAIT

SYRIA

PHILIPPINES

JAPANSPAINPORTUGAL

MEXICO

PERU

CHILE

BRAZIL

VICE ROYALTYOF NEW SPAIN

VICE ROYALTYOF PERU

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

ARABIANSEA

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

MEDITERRANEANSEA

BLACK SEA CASPIANSEA

ARALSEA

0

0 1000 2000 Kilometers

1000 2000 Miles

Guayaquil

GuadalajaraZacatecas

Colombo

Cairo

Luanda

São Tome

Sofala

Mozambique

Kilwa

Pemba

Malindi

Aden

Ormuz

Diu

Bab el Mandeb

GuatoElmina

BuenosAires

Rio de JaneiroAsunción

Potosí

Santiagodel Estero

ArequipaCuzco

Arica

Recife

Bahia

PERNAM-BUCO

Olinda

Lima

Quito

Callao

Santa Fede Bogotá

Santa Marta

CartagenaPanamá

Nombre de Dios

Guatemala

Havana

Santa DomingoSan Juan del Puerto Rico

MéridaVeracruz

TenochtitlánCharcas

AcapulcoPueblo

St. Augustine Alexandria

SevilleLisbon

Goa

Hooghly

CalicutCochin

Malacca

Canton

Nagasaki

Manila

Macao

Congo R.N

ileR.

Niger R

.

Amazon R.

G

anges R.Ind

usR.

Yang

tzeR.

Silver

Silk

Silk

Papal Treaty of Tordesillas(1494, 1506) dividingcolonial worlds betweenSpain and Portugal

Panamá to Callaoand Arica returning

with Silver

Tobacco and SugarSlaves

Slaves

Slaves

Silver

Silk

CEYLON

SUMATRA

JAVA

TIMOR

CUBAHISPANIOLA

Lisbon to Goa (alternativ

e rou

te,

second half of year)

BoydstonMaking A Nation: UnitedStates and It’s People, 1/eMap 01.06Type style: Gill SansSize: 44p x 27.5pCARTO-GRAPHICS2001CMYK

Portuguese towns

Seat of Audencia (Spanish administrative division)

Spanish towns

Important towns in the 16th century

Areas under effective Portuguese control

Areas under effective Spanish control

Principal Portuguese trade routes

Principal Spanish trade routes

1-6 A New Global Economy