1-1 introduction lecture_0 (1).ppt

7/25/2019 1-1 INTRODUCTION Lecture_0 (1).ppt

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CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION

Definition of Urban Design:

lack of a universal/ cross-cultural definition;eac! ageand culture !as "roduced its o#n definition based on its o#n

expectationsandpossibilities(Robert Beckley, 1979)

1. that part of town planning or architecture that determines theorder and form of the city with special emphasis on aesthetics

(Frederick Gutheim, 1963).

2. organiation of space! time! and communication"meaning (Amos

Rapoport, 1977).

Organiation o! space" for differentpurposesand according todifferent ru#esthat reflect the needs, $a#ues, and desiresof the

groups or indi#iduals


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Organiation o! %ime"&&.temposand rh'thmsof human

acti#ity $$past#ersus !uture$$or #inear#ersus c'c#ic%

organiation o! communication"$$a way of controllinginteraction & its nature! direction! rate! e.t.c$.whocommunicates with who! when! where! and how$..how theui#t en$ironmentand socia# organiationare lin'ed andrelated$..socia# #ogic o! space.

organiation o! meaning"$..communicati#e and sym(olicproperties of space $$ through signs! materials! colours!forms! landscaping e.t.c

). the comple* inter+relationship (etween all the elements of the

ui#tand unui#tspace in towns and cities(reed * Roerts,199+)


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T!us$ urban design is %OT& a meansand an end-state!

' the art of ma'ingp#acesfor

people$a(out pu(lic realm(A -ran esign harter)$$..what differentiatesp#acefromspace/

( com(ination of tai#oredprocessesand creati$eresponses aimed atenhancing the general appea#and!unctioningof ur(an areas (iid)

,r(an design creates a framewor' forour li#es!$-e feel and e*perienceur(an design e#ery day$.esign(rings order and relation into humansurroundings$$it is the productionof cities (y people for people


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Interdisci"linar) nature of urban design

Urban Designintegrates the processes and e*pertise of manyrelated disciplines including art! architecture! landscaping! thesocial sciences! economics! planning! engineering! and transport.

/otwithstanding! successful designs are actually determined (ythe pu(lic at+large rather than academia0.

%elo#: ,r(an design wor's originating from engineering,architectura# studies,and #andscape science


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Urban *lanning - Urban Design - +rc!itecture +,is

The relationship is historical:

n the 134s! planning and architecture were split56osling 7 maitland! 189:;

Planning concentrated on land use patterns andsocio+economic issues (macro)

Architecture concentrated on the design of(uildings (micro)

There emerged a responsi(ility gap where designof pu(lic space was concerned

,r(an design came in to bridgethis gap


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Is T!ere Need for Urban Design

$$.+rgu.ents for and against Urban design

Arguments Against:+ Toda) t!e cit) is .ore s!a"ed b) econo.ic /

entre"reneurial forces t!an "lanning and design forcesco..unications 0 trans"ort tec!nolog) and .arkets1

+ Cities !ave in t!e "ast develo"ed incre.entall) and#it!out .aster designs$ #it! ver) good results; #!ensuc! designs #ere develo"ed in t!e 2345s t!ings #entdra.aticall) #rong6

- T!e cit) for. is never finite$ but al#a)s c!anging Designtends to free7e for. and structure !ence "revent t!e cit)fro. ada"ting to c!anging socio-econo.ic c!anges


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+rgu.ents 8or:

+ T!ere is a significant interrelations!i"bet#een for. and function of a cit);t!us$

+ It is i..oral for urban develo".ent tobe left to c!ance it .ust be controlled t!roug! "lanningand design fra.e#orks to ensure t!e cit) #orks #ell$ is "eo"le-friendl)$ and !as "ositive environ.ental i."act

- T!e enter"rise culture$ #it! its laissez-faireattitude of t!e 2395s and 2335s ledto .ore a.or"!ous gro#t! andre.odeling of .an) cities$ !ence t!eerosion of ualit) of urban s"ace


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+rgu.ents 8or contd1:

+


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>!) is Urban Design Needed

Design can !el" en!ance a cit)sadvantages:"!)sical needs of citi7ens; safet)$securit) and "rotection; an environ.ent free of

"ollution$ noise$ accidents$ and cri.e; a conducive

social environ.ent a sense of co..unit); an

a""ro"riate i.age and "restige; creativit) and self-e,"ression in neig!bour!oods; aest!eticall)

"leasantness as a "lace of culture and a #ork of art

Design can !el" di.inis! a cit)s

disadvantages: contain.ent of si7e 0"o"ulation; t!e obligation to travel; social stratification


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Rationale for Urban Design+n) "art of t!e cit) !as a for.and the

assem(lage of such parts generates a uni


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Criteria for Urban Design:-hat may dictate an ur(an design underta'ing>

ppeal5$how places loo'$.;

"#nction$5how places wor'$;%

$#alityof ur(an areas% 5am(ience;%omm#nity &ell-bein: ?itality%

safety%


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Criteria contd1

=nviron.ental stress

%e!avioural su""ort

Identit)

Diversit)?egibilit)


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Role of ur(an design

1. escription:

character of

place


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@ I.agination/Clarification

$legi(ility of function"form

T!e use of i.ager)/iconic

design Aondica air"ort1;different .aterials and

fabrics for different

circulation areas$ use of

"edestrian/street furniture$

and signage


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B Negotiation:among conflicting

interests% space contestation


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' isuali7ation:scenarios+(uilding%

simulation% foresight
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(Correction/ reconstruction:defects"malfunctions% destruction 5haards: fires! earth


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4


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*rescri"tion:@how the way out

of situations+ sprawl! land use conflict! pollution e.t.c


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8. Prowess: celebration of civice,cellence !ig!-cost "roEects1


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(Becti#es of ,r(an esign

T!ere is often considerable overla"bet#een obEectives and t!e) are

.utuall) re-enforcing; t!e) include:

+est!etics: Atrong isual I."act

Develo".ent: Ne# Invest.ent =."lo).ent

o""ortunities

8unctional =fficienc)

I."roved =nviron.ental conditions

Aafet) ref Aafer Cities *rogra.; C=*T=D1

Fuardians!i" and A"ace standards

Tec!nical Aolutions to uniue "roble.s


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Cultural Identit) and s).bolis.

Co..unit) Integration

C!aracter:A p#ace 0ith its o0n identit'

Continuit) and =nclosure:

A p#ace 0here pu#ic and pri$ate spaces are c#ear#'

distinguished

Gualit) of t!e *ublic Real.:

A p#ace 0ith attracti$e and success!u# outdoor areas

=ase of


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?evels/Acale of Urban design:


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=le.ents and


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@ =le.ents of for.:*oint$ ?ine$ "lane


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) Urban 8unctions:?iving; >orking; ?eisure;


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' Urban 8abric:Te,ture; #ater$ vegetation; furniture; lig!t etc


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( =nviron.ental 8actors:"reci"itation; te."eratures; !u.idit); #ind; lig!ting

etc


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Feaning and Feans of ,r(an

esign

Feaning: creation of a common world$a pu(lic realm$thesphere of freedom and e


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+%I?ITI=A +ND +CTIITI=A O8 UR%+N

D=AIFN=RA

+nal)sis:+n audit of t!e c!aracteristics of a site to give asense of "lace

Collaboration:t!e need for urban designers to #ork #it!ot!ers$ including #it! local co..unities

*olic) 8or.ulation:reuired to deal #it! t!e breadt! ofurban design issues and activities

Design Feneration:%uilding$ landsca"e andengineering design$ site "lanning$ .aster "lanning$

fra.e#ork design$ illustrative design$ and visioning

I."le.entation: attention to !o# "lans and "ro"osalscould be i."le.ented reuires a ca"acit) for initiative$

innovation$ creativit)$ negotiation$ collaboration$ and

.anage.ent


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T)"ical Urban Design *roble.s/Issues

+rea "olic)

Ne# Aettle.ents

Re!abilitation$ redevelo".ent$ and

conservation?ines of .ove.ent

Co..ercial centres and centraldistricts

A"ecial +reas

?arge natural and .an-.ade features

A"ecial A)ste.s


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Definitive *rinci"les of Urban Design

Urban design as "olitical state.ent

Urban design as tec!niue

Urban design as .ediation

Urban design as "rivate dis"la)

Urban design as "ublic "resence

Urban design as t!eatre

Urban design as guardian of urbanstandards


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?ink %et#een Urban Design and

Aite *lanning

,r(an design will ena(le the systematicidentification and definition of sites

,r(an design will ena(le the informed andclear identification and"or selection of widerpriorities a(out the site

,r(an design will ena(le goodinterpretation and use of e*isting featuresand operational forces

1-1 introduction lecture_0 (1).ppt

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