1Starter

1. How is Wal-Mart organized? List as many sections of Wal-Mart as you can (think of the large signs hanging from the ceiling)

2. Where would shampoo be found? 3. What other items would be with it and

why?

ClassificationChapter 18

3Question: Do not copy this question, answer it using your clicker

Approximately how many named species are there on Earth?

a) 750,000b) 1 millionc) 100,000d) 2 millione) 50,000

Biologists have named and identified over 2 million species and estimate that 2-100 million species still remain to be discovered.

To study the large amount of BIODIVERSITY, biologists use classification to group organisms based on similarities.

Taxonomy- branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms.

6Taxonomy (cont.) Aristotle - first taxonomist, classified all living

things plants or animals› What is wrong with this???

Carolus Linneaus - Swedish botanist, developed our current classification system

7Ways to classify organisms1. Physical Characteristics (How they look)2. Evolutionary Trends (Who they’re related to)3. Similarities in DNA and RNA (What their genes show)

› DNA shows that American vultures are more closely related to storks than to African vultures

4. Behavioral patterns (How they act)5. Developmental patterns (How they grow)

8Linnaeus’s System of Classification There are 8 major levels/taxa in biology.

› DOMAIN – largest and most inclusive› KINGDOM› PHYLUM› CLASS› ORDER› FAMILY› GENUS › SPECIES - the smallest group: a group

of individuals that can breed and produce fertile offspring

9Example: Classification of Humans

Domain Eukarya (includes all Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals)

Kingdom Animalia (includes all animals)

Phylum Chordata (includes all animals with a backbone)

Class Mammalia (includes all animals with a backbone that have hair/fur and mammary glands)

Order Primata (includes all animals with a backbone that have hair/fur and mammary glands that are bipedal with opposable thumbs)

Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata

CLASS Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora

FAMILY Ursidae

GENUS Ursus

SPECIES Ursus arctos

11

Question: Do not copy this question, answer it using your clicker

Several similar CLASSES make up a

A. KingdomB. PhylumC. FamilyD. Genus

12

Question: Do not copy this question, answer it using your clicker

Organisms in the same Order must also be in the same

A. GenusB. PhylumC. FamilyD. Species

13How do we name organisms? Common names indicate nothing

about relationships and classification.

Scientific names help to clear up the confusion. Only one species has a given scientific name.

14binomial nomenclature Scientific name = Genus and species

› ALWAYS typed in italics or underlined if they are handwritten.

› Genus – always capitalized, can be written alone› Species – never capitalized, usually descriptive of

the organism, cannot be written without the genus name

15Question: Do not copy this question, answer it using your clicker

Which of the following is correct?A. Hyla Cinera

B. Hyla cinera

C. Hyla cinera

D. Hyla Cinera

TAXON HOUSE CAT MOUNTAIN LION

DOMESTIC DOG

HUMAN

KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata

CLASS Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Primata

FAMILY Felidae Felidae Canidae Hominidae

GENUS Felis Felis Canis Homo

SPECIES domesticus concolor familiaris sapien

PRACTICE: Copy the questions and answer them.

1. Which organisms are most closely related? How so?2. What taxonomic levels do all four organisms have in common?3. What are the Kingdom, Phylum, Class, and Order for humans?4. What is the lowest, or least inclusive, taxon at which the

mountain lion and the domestic dog share common characteristics?