1 1 compilation of energy intensity indicators prepared for the 6th meeting of the oslo group on...
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Compilation of Compilation of Energy Intensity Indicators Energy Intensity Indicators
Prepared for the 6th meeting of the Oslo Group on Energy StatisticsCanberra, Australia 2-5 May 2011
Elisabeth IsaksenDivision for Energy StatisticsStatistics [email protected]
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Link to IRES
• Chapter in IRES: 11, C
• Refer to the joint publication by IAEA, UNDESA, IEA, Eurostat and EEA (2005)
– Social dimension– Economic dimension– Environmental dimension
• Countries are encouraged to develop the list of indicators according to their policy concerns and data availability
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Economic Dimension
Sub-theme Energy indicator
1 Overall use Energy use per capita
2 Overall productivity Energy use per unit of GDP
3 Supply efficiency Efficiency of energy conversion and distribution
4 Production Reserves/Production
Resources/Production
5 End Use Industrial energy intensity
Agricultural energy intensity
Service energy intensity
Househould energy intensity
Transport energy intensity
6 Diversification Fuel shared in energy and electricity
Non-carbon energy share in energy and electricity
Renewable energy share in energy and electricity
7 Prices End-use prices by fuel an sector
8 Security Net energy import dependency
Stocks of critical fuels per corresponding fuel comsumption
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Link to the ESCM
• Chapter 7
• This chapter will provide details on country practice in compilation of various energy indicators including those for sustainable energy development (…)
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Energy Indicators for Norway
• The Division for Energy Statistics at Statistics Norway is currently working on a report on energy indicators for Norway from 1990-2009
• Focus: Energy intensity and energy efficiency
• Goal of the report:– Present indicators that show the coherence between energy
consumption and economic activity in Norway, and by this indicate if the energy consumption has become more or less efficient.
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What is an energy indicator
• Energy use
• Main drivers behind energy use– GDP/value added (constant prices)– Production value (constant prices)– Population– Passenger and freight transport– Income (households)– Residence and office buildings (heated
floor area)
• Energy intensity indicators– Energy per production value, energy per
value added, energy per man-hours, energy per passenger-km etc.
Background indicators/Basic Statistics: Published regularly at most statistical offices
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Why make indicators?
• Why are indicators useful– Summarize information– Monitor trends
• Why are energy indicators useful– Link energy use to relevant activity measures – Guide policymaking and strategic decisions– Predict future development in energy use
Why is energy efficiency desirable:– Reduce the energy consumption– Reduce emission to air– Reduce energy expenditures– Increase self-sufficiency
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Energy intensity vs. energy efficiency
• Energy intensity is not the same as energy efficiency
• Energy intensity is a measure of how much energy is used compared to a relevant activity measure (for instance GDP).
• Energy intensity does not automatically say something about how efficient energy is used. The energy intensity of a country depends (among other things) on:
– The structure of the economy (industry based, service based)
– The climate (heating, cooling)
– The landscape (long stretched, compact)
Have to have this in mind when we compare indicators across countries
• For a country’s economy the change in energy intensity from one period to another can be illustrated as:
– ∆Energy intensity = ∆structure * ∆efficiency
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What is a ‘good indicator’?
• Clear goal– What is the indicator suppose to measure?– Does the indicator measure what it is supposed to measure?– Heterogeneity within a sector/industry/country need for different
indicators or complementary indicators
• Identify main users– Who will use the indicators? (authorities, the public, agencies)
• User friendly– Easy to understand– Not too many indicators
• International comparable– IEA, ODYSEE (EU), ESCM
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Data sources - overview
• Energy accounts– Total energy use, energy use for different sectors (SIC), energy use
by fuel type
• Energy balance– Energy use for transport purposes
• National accounts– GDP in constant prices, Value added in constant prices, Production
value in constant prices– Population, Income, households, persons pr households– Man-hours, Full-time equivalent
• Other data sources– Floor area– Passenger-km travel, tonne-km freight,
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(1) National Indicators
• Energy use per production value (constant prices)
• Energy use per GDP (constant prices)
• Energy use per capita
• Energy use per income
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(1) National Energy Indicators (cont.)
Energy use, Production Value and Energy use per production value. 1990-2009. Index 1990=1
-
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
Energy Use
Production Value(constant prices)
Energy use /Production Value(constant prices)
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(2) Energy indicators by industries
Manufacturing
Service industry
Primary industries
Construction
Energy producing industries
Energy used for transport purposes
Households (residential)
Energy Accounts
(Industries by SIC)
Energy Balance/ Surveys
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Manufacturing
• Energy use per production value (excl. and incl. energy used as feedstock)
• Energy use per physical unit produced (excl. and incl. energy used as feedstock)
Energy use per production value. Excl. energy used as feedstock. 1990-2009
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Basic metals
Basic chemicals
Pulp, paper and paperproducts
Food
Machinery, Repair,shipyard,oil plattforms
woodware
Refined petroleum,chemical and mineralproductsOther industry
Manufacuring TOTAL
Average - Norwegianeconomy
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Service sector
• Energy use per production value in constant prices
• Energy use per employed
• Energy use per man-hours
• Energy use per floor area
• Challenges:– Combine energy use and floor
area (new survey)
– Secure comparable aggregates (EA and NA)
• Improvement– Climate adjusted energy use
Variable Data source
Energy use Energy accounts
Production value National accounts
Employment National accounts
Man-hours National accounts
Floor areaSurvey on energy use in buildings in service
sector
Energy indicators for the service industry. Index 1990=1. 1990-2009
-
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Energy use/ Productionvalue
Energy use/ man-hours
Energy use/employed
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Primary industries & construction
• Energy use per production value
Primary industries and construction. Energy use per production value. 1990-2009.
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1 000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Farming
Forestry
Fishing
Fish farming
Construction
Average primaryindustries
Average Norwegianeconomy
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Energy producing industries
• Energy use (excl. flaring) per production value
• Energy use (excl. flaring) per physical unit
Extraction of crude oil and natural gas. Energy use, production and energy intensities. Index 1990=1
-
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Energy use (excl.Flaring)
Physical production
Production value
Indicator 1: Energyuse/physicalproduction
Indicator 2: energyuse/production value
Indicator 3: Energy use/ value added
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Transport
• Energy intensity– Energy use per passenger-
km
– Energy use per tonne-km
• Challenges– Comparable aggregates.
– Split energy into passanger and freight transport vs. weighted index of the two transport measures
Energy use for transport purposes, passanger-km and tonnkm. 1990.2009. Index, 1990=1
-
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Passenger transport
Freight transport
Energy use for transport purposes
Variable Data source
Energy use Energy Balance
Passengem-kmDivision for transport statistics (survey,
calculations ,++)
Tonn-kmDivision for transport statistics (survey,
calculations ,++)
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Households
• Energy indicators– Energy use per capita– Energy use per household– Energy use per income/consumption– Energy use per (heated) floor area
• Other– Appliance ownership– Effect of heat pump
• Sources: Household survey (Energy accounts)
• Important things to considerate– Temperature– Prices
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Energy use - 3 different scenarios
Development in energy use. 3 Different Scenarios. Index 1990=1
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Energy use - Actual
(1) Only allow changes in production value
(2) Only allow changes in structure(3) Only allow changes in energy intensity
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Decomposition Analysis
• Can use a decomposition model to identify
– The activity effect – The structure effect– The intensity (efficiency) effect
• Methods available from different publications
– IEA– ODYSEE (EU)– Country practice
• Useful with a description of the methods in ESCM
– Residual term?– Easy & ‘inaccurate’ vs. more
complicated and ‘accurate’.?
Illustration of decomposition of the development in energy use for the whole
economy (fictitious example)
3 %
18 %
-3 %
-10 %-15 %
-10 %
-5 %
0 %
5 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
25 %
Actual changein energy use
(1) Acitivyeffect
(2) Structureeffect
(3) Intensityeffect
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Challenges/improvements
• Secure comparable aggregates for energy use and activity measures (production value, value added, man-hours, floor area)
• Lack of good data sources on energy use in buildings– But lot of effort put into this area
A new sample survey Energy labelling of buildings
• Climate adjusted energy use
• Moving average instead of annual numbers– Avoid the problem of one extreme basis year influencing the per
cent change for the period as a whole
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Work being done on energy indicators
• IEA – Collection of country practice– Database– Publications
• Eurostat– Publications
• ODYSSEE – network– Database– Publications
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Previous presentations on Energy Indicators by Oslo Group Members• Energy indicators: Objective, methods and results by Peter Dal, Denmark (Oslo, 2006)
– http://og.ssb.no/ogmeetings/firstmeeting/agendafirstmeeting
• Indicators for Sustainable Energy Development in Mexico by Roberto Lopez, Mexico (Oslo 2006)
– http://og.ssb.no/ogmeetings/firstmeeting/agendafirstmeeting
• Energy efficiency indicators by Chris Bryant, United Kingdom(Oslo 2006)
– http://og.ssb.no/ogmeetings/firstmeeting/agendafirstmeeting
• Monitoring Energy efficiency in Poland by Szymon Peryt, Poland presented (Delhi, India 2007)
– http://og.ssb.no/escmmainpage/countrypractises/poland_new_delhi.ppt/file_view?portal_status_message=File%20changes%20saved.
• Introduction to Energy Efficiency Indicators by Jean-Yves Garnier, IEA (Mexico, 2008)
– http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/Workshops/mexico2008/Presentations/Session%207%20-%20Energy-Efficiency-Indicators%20IEA.pdf
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Thank you for your attention
For more information about energy statistics in Norway, visit:
http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/03/10/energi_en/