09_ra20209en30gln0_ pcu capacity and dimensioning for packet abis
DESCRIPTION
PCU Capacity and Dimensioning for Packet AbisTRANSCRIPT
1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA20209EN30GLN0
PCU Capacity and Dimensioning for Packet Abis
2 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Nokia Siemens Networks Academy
Legal notice
Intellectual Property RightsAll copyrights and intellectual property rights for Nokia Siemens Networks training documentation, product documentation and slide presentation material, all of which are forthwith known as Nokia Siemens Networks training material, are the exclusive property of Nokia Siemens Networks. Nokia Siemens Networks owns the rights to copying, modification, translation, adaptation or derivatives including any improvements or developments. Nokia Siemens Networks has the sole right to copy, distribute, amend, modify, develop, license, sublicense, sell, transfer and assign the Nokia Siemens Networks training material. Individuals can use the Nokia Siemens Networks training material for their own personal self-development only, those same individuals cannot subsequently pass on that same Intellectual Property to others without the prior written agreement of Nokia Siemens Networks. The Nokia Siemens Networks training material cannot be used outside of an agreed Nokia Siemens Networks training session for development of groups without the prior written agreement of Nokia Siemens Networks.
RA20209EN30GLN0
3 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Module Objectives
After completing the module, the student will be able to:
• Understand PCU functionalities in the BSC
• Explain RNW capacity for PCU2-E
• Explain RNW capacity for PCU2-D
• Discuss feature dependencies on PCU2
• Understand asymmetrical hardware configuration and depending restrictions
• Know about PCU configuration steps in BSC3i 1000/2000 and Flexi BSC
• Highlight the main differences between Legacy Abis and Packet Abis when referring to the PS U-plane
• Understand main PCU/BSC Dimensioning rules when Packet Abis is in use
Practice:
• PCU2 Dimensioning for Packet Abis
Refer to RG30 Documentation:•Plan and Dimension/ BSC EDGE Dimensioning
RA20209EN30GLN0
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks
PCU functionalityBSC Location
GPRS network
RA20209EN30GLN0
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks
GPRS transmission plane protocol stack
PCU functionality
PCU functionality
RA20209EN30GLN0
6 © Nokia Siemens Networks
PCU functionality
• Packet Control Unit (PCU) is a functional unit located in BSC– it is installed in BCSU unit– it allows to handle PS traffic in BSS
• Controls (E)GPRS radio resources by acting as the key unit in the following procedures– (E)GPRS radio resource allocation and management– (E)GPRS radio connection establishment and management– Data transfer (LLC Layer PDU segmentation / re-segmentation for UL & DL)– Coding scheme selection– PCU Statistics
• supports different methods of transport between BSC and SGSN– Frame Relay and IP as transport alternatives for Gb interface
BTS, BCF:- (E)GPRS cell- (E)GPRS TRX
Packet Abis
Gb interface:- Gb over Frame Relay over E1/T1- Gb over IP over Ethernet
BSC:- PCU
SGSNBTS
BSC
RA20209EN30GLN0
7 © Nokia Siemens Networks
PCU implementations in BSC3i/Flexi BSC
PCU type
PCU
PCU-S
PCU-T
PCU-B
PCU2-U
PCU2-D
PCU2-E
BSCi type
BSCi, BSC2i
BSCi, BSC2i
BSCi, BSC2i
BSC3i
BSC2i
BSC3i
BSC3i
#logical PCUper PIU
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
#Abis/BTS/TRX/RTSL/Gbper logical PCU
256 / 064 / 128 / 128 / 32
256 / 064 / 128 / 128 / 32
256 / 064 / 128 / 256 / 32
256 / 064 / 128 / 256 / 32
256 / 128 / 256 / 256 / 32
256 / 128 / 256 / 256 / 32
1024 / 384 /1024/1024/ 128
CPU/memory
166MHz / 128MB
200MHz / 128MB
300MHz / 256MB
300MHz / 256MB
450MHz / 256MB
450MHz / 256MB
1.33GHz / 1GB
Packet Abis is only supported by PCU2-D and PCU2-E
RA20209EN30GLN0
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks
RNW capacity for PCU2-E and PCU2-D
PCU2-E capacity is collected in the table below together with the respective values of PCU2-D for comparison
Parameter PCU2-E PCU2-D
#BTS objects / logical PCU 384 128
#EGPRS cells / logical PCU 256 64
#GPRS/EGPRS TRX / logical PCU 1024 / 720 256 / 192
#Abis channels / logical PCU
#logical PCU 1 2
384 128
#EDAP / logical PCU 60 16
#BCF / logical PCU
1024 256
These 2 limiting factors are irrelevant in case of PCU dimensioning for Packet Abis
RA20209EN30GLN0
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks
• Max 6 working BCSU’s +1 redundant BCSU
• Max 5 PCU2-E plug-in units per BCSU ( 1 Physical PCU2-E corresponds with 1 Logical PCU)
• Max number of logical PCU’s : 30
• Steps of increase of logical PCU’s– 1: 5
– 2: 10
– 3: 15
– 4: 20
– 5: 25
– 6: 30
1-5 PCU2-E physical PIUs
per BCSU
Flexi BSC cabinet Flexi BSC cabinet
2000 x 900 x 600 cabinet (HxWxD)
PCU2 HW Installation in Flexi BSC
RA20209EN30GLN0
11 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Max 10 working BSCUs + 1 spare BCSU
Max 5 PCU plug-in units per BCSU (10 logical PCUs per BCSU)
• 1-2 PCU-B’s
• 1-5 PCU2-D’s
• 1-3 PCU2-E’s
Max number of logical PCUs : 10010 BCSU x 5 PCU2-D/BCSU x 2 log PCU/PCU2_D
Steps of increase of logical PCUs
• 1: 20
• 2: 40
• 3: 60
• 4: 80
• 5: 100
1-5 PCU2-D physical PIU's per
BCSU
PCU2 HW Installation in BSC3i 1000 / 2000
RA20209EN30GLN0
12 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Possible configuration of PCU2-E
PCU2-E can be installed in any BSC3i but certain additional limitations exist
PCU2-E can be installed neither in BSCi nor in BSC2i there are 2 constraints that avoids reaching max PCU2-E capacity beyond BSC3i 3000
all PCU slots in BCSU can not host PCU2-E due to limitations of power supply and cooling systems 1024 Abis channels can not be reached due to connectivity and switching capacity limitations
PCU2-E in BSC3i 660/1000/2000 usage of PCU2-E beyond BSC3i 3000 results in PS data capacity reduction compared with PCU2-D (values in brackets) nevertheless for configurations with smaller volume of PS data traffic it is recommended to use PCU2-E (instead of prior PCU
versions) due to expected cost savings
BSC3i type
BSC3i 660
BSC3i 1000
BSC3i 2000
BSC3i 3000
max #PCU2-Eper BCSU
1 (not 2)
3 (not 5)
3 (not 5)
5
#Abis channelsper PCU2-E
512
512
512
1024
#active BCSU per BSC /#logical PCU per BSC
6 / 6
5 / 15
10 / 30
6 / 30
Abis bw controllable(Abis bw in max conf.)
~ 49 Mbps (~ 98 Mbps)
~ 122 Mbps (~204 Mbps)
~ 245 Mbps (~ 409 Mbps)
~ 491 Mbps (~491 Mbps)
RA20209EN30GLN0
13 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Mixed PCU configuration
different amount of PCUs in different BCSUs of the same BSC or different PCU HW variants in the same slots of different BCSUs
allows coexistence of BSCUs having the same tracks equipped with PCUs and left empty
‘mixed PCU configuration’ is possible however some restrictions exist, i.e. the following mixtures are allowed within the same BCSU track of different BCSU PCU, PCU-S, PCU-T, PCU2-U, empty slot PCU-B, PCU2-D, empty slot PCU2-E, empty slot
mixed PCU configuration in such context is a new functionality that leads to “asymmetrical” PCU configuration
RA20209EN30GLN0
14 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical PCU configuration
Asymmetrical PCU configuration is available as a separate S14 feature
Before the feature: each BCSU within one BSC needs to have the same PCU configuration in terms of PCU number and types.
e.g. in order to extend PCU capacity (for instance add second PCU in one BCSU) such PCU extension from 1 to 2 units would need to be done in each and every BCSU the BSC is equipped with (11 extra PCU is needed in case of fully equipped BSC3i 2000 to add 1 PCU in 1 BCSU!!!)
NOTE: even with the feature it is recommended to increase PCU capacity in BCSUs evenly to keep load in BCSUs in balance.
With the feature: PCU can be installed and activated according to actual traffic needs with a
granularity 1 in every BCSU separately each active BCSU can have different number of PCU (depending on actual
traffic requirements), i.e. it may happen that some BCSU have no PCU units while the other ones have some PCU installed
different PCU types can be mixed in the same BSC/BCSU (restrictions concerning the same BCSU track exist -> see previous slide)
The redundancy concept has been changed to a primary spare unit concept The BCSU marked as primary spare must be equipped with the number of
PCU sufficient to replace any of the active BCSU
RA20209EN30GLN0
15 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Redundancy within Asymmetrical PCU Configuration
BCSU – N SP - EXBCSU – N SP - EX
......
BCSU – 0 WO - EXBCSU – 0 WO - EX
BCSU – 1 WO - EXBCSU – 1 WO - EX
• (SP-EX) Primary spare – three PCU cards configured. Enough PCU cards to replace any of the active BCSU units
• (WO-EX) Active BCSU – three PCU cards configured
• (WO-EX) Active BCSU – two PCU cards configured
WO-EX
WO-EX
SP-EX
BCSU – N SP - EXBCSU – N SP - EX
......
BCSU – 0 WO - EXBCSU – 0 WO - EX
BCSU – 1 WO - EXBCSU – 1 WO - EX
SE-OU
WO-EX
WO-EX
1. Working BCSU gets faulty, primary spare takes over
BCSU – N SP - EXBCSU – N SP - EX
......
BCSU – 0 WO - EXBCSU – 0 WO - EX
BCSU – 1 WO - EXBCSU – 1 WO - EX
WO-EX
WO-EX
SP-EX
Faulty BCSU
2. Faulty BCSU is fixed, primary spare is returned to spare state
RA20209EN30GLN0
16 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Restrictions of Asymmetrical PCU configuration
Reasons for keeping certain restrictions concerning the same BCSU tracks are: PCU HW having two logical PCUs cannot be mixed with HW having one logical PCU
because, in case of failure, the HW having one logical PCU cannot stand in for the one having two logical PCUs,
although PCU2-E has one logical PCU it does not make any sense to mix it with other HW comprising of one logical PCU due huge to differences with achievable capacity (and in consequence none of HW variant, except PCU2-E itself, cannot stand in for PCU2-E in the event of failure)
The restrictions above avoid mixing up PCU2-E with any PCU type in the same BCSU slot
RA20209EN30GLN0
17 © Nokia Siemens Networks
PCU2 HW and SW Activation
PCU2-D HW
PCU2-D HW
PCU2-D HW
PCU2-D HW
PCU2-D HW
PCU2-D HW
PCU2-D HW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSWPCU2-E HW
PCU2-E HW
PCU2-E HW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2-E HW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
• PCU2-D HW is installed according to number of BCSUs in BSC3i
• Equal amount of PCU2-D HW is required in every BSCU
• PCU2-D SW is activated according traffic requirements
• In maximum two PCU2 BSW licenses per one PCU2-D HW plug-in unit
• One PCU2 BSW license = 256 Abis channels (16 kbit/s)
Example :
• Minimum configuration for 6 BCSUs =>
• 6 + 1 PCU2-D HW units + one PCU2 BSW license
• PCU2-E HW is installed according traffic requirements
• PCU2-E SW is activated according traffic requirements
• In minimum one PCU2-E HW unit + one PCU2-E HW unit for spare BCSU
• In maximum four PCU2 BSW licenses per one PCU2-E HW plug-in unit
• One PCU2 BSW = 256 Abis channels (16 kbit/s)
Example :
• Minimum configuration for 3 BCSUs =>
• 1 + 1 PCU2-E HW units + one PCU2 BSW license
OP
TIO
NA
L –
ac
tiv
ated
ac
co
rdin
g t
raff
ic r
eq
uir
emen
ts
Spare BCSU Spare BCSU
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
PCU2 BSW
OP
TIO
NA
L –
ac
tiv
ated
ac
co
rdin
g t
raff
ic r
eq
uir
emen
ts
OP
TIO
NA
L –
ac
tiva
ted
acc
ord
ing
tr
affi
c re
qu
irem
ents
S12, S13 : E.g. with BSC3i 2000 : S14 : E.g. with Flexi BSC and with Asymmetrical PCU HW Configuration
RA20209EN30GLN0
18 © Nokia Siemens Networks
BSC Application software requiring PCU2
S11.5 Application features:– GPRS CS3&4
S12 Application features:– High Multislot Classes for Type 1 MS (HMC)– Extended Dynamic Slot Allocation (EDA)– Dual Transfer Mode (DTM)
S13 Application features:– Multipoint Gb-Interface – Packet Control Unit (PCU2) pooling – Packet Data Optimisation package – Extended Cell for GPRS/EDGE
RG10 (S14) Application features:– Downlink Dual Carrier
RG20 (S15) Application features:– Downlink Dual Carrier (DLDC) Territory Procedures– TRX Specific Link Adaptation for DLDC– Inter-BSC NACC– Inter-system NACC– Inter-System NACC for LTE– Co-siting with BS2xx (ex-Siemens BTS)
RG30 (S16) Application features:– Dynamic PCU2 Pooling
RA20209EN30GLN0
19 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Dynamic PCU2 Pooling [RG30]Feature introduction
Dynamic PCU2 Pooling feature: Extension of the already existing Packet Control Unit (PCU2) Pooling feature.
Reallocates segments automatically between PCUs within a PCU pool based on the load condition of each PCU in the pool.
Balances the load between PCUs within a PCU pool.
Each PCU pool is handled individually.
You have the control on when PCU pool reallocation is to be started and how often it is to be done, for example, once a day and only at night. During reallocation, segments are moved from the PCU with high load condition to the PCU with lower load condition. Disturbance to end users’ services is minimized as segments are moved one by one so that all mobile stations (MSs) connected to a segment can move to the neighboring segments if needed until the segment in question is moved to a new PCU. Other segments are not disturbed during the movement.
Can be used only on PCU2 and PCUM units where Packet Abis is in use (dynamic PCU2 Pooling cannot be used with Legacy Abis).
Benefits: Improvement in BSC PCU utilization factor.
Reduction in CAPEX investments.
Increase in revenue due to decreased PS call drops caused by a single PCU capacity limitation.
OPEX saving as radio network resource allocation is done automatically.
More accurate PCU pool analysis in the PCU selection algorithm.
RA20209EN30GLN0
20 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Dynamic PCU2 Pooling [RG30]Example
1. PCU-1 is running at high load. Hence, the PCU selection algorithm of Dynamic PCU2 Pooling selects segment-2 to be moved to PCU-2. (E)GPRS is downgraded from segment-2 and the MSs are changed to neighboring segments (segment-1, segment-7, or segment-9) based on the received signal strength.
2. In this case, the MS context is changed to segment-1 within the same PCU. If the MS communication is changed to segment-7, the MS context is moved to another PCU which is connected to the same ETP. The MS can also change its communication to segment-9, in which case the MS context is moved to another PCU in the pool which is connected to another ETP.
3. When (E)GPRS is disabled at segment-2, PCU selection algorithm of Dynamic PCU2 Pooling feature moves segment-2 to PCU-2 which is running at a lower load. A segment can be moved from one PCU to another one only if both the PCUs are connected to the same ETP. Once the move is complete, (E)GPRS is enabled again in segment-2.
RA20209EN30GLN0
21 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Dynamic PCU2 Pooling [RG30]Reallocation scheduling
Can be defined:
Days of the week when Dynamic PCU2 Pool reallocation is done with the PCU pool reallocation day parameter.
The initial clock time when Dynamic PCU2 Pool reallocation starts with the PCU pool reallocation start time parameter.
Periods how often Dynamic PCU2 Pool reallocation is done per day with the PCU pool reallocation period parameter.
RA20209EN30GLN0
22 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Dynamic PCU2 Pooling [RG30]Example of PS traffic load when Dynamic PCU2 Pooling feature is enabled
PCU reported PS traffic load
PCU2-D/U PCU2-E PCU2-E* PCUM-A PCUM-B
1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.04
10 4 1 1 1 0.4
100 40 10 10 10 4
1000 400 100 100 100 40
4000 - 400 400 400 160
10000 - - - - 400
RA20209EN30GLN0
23 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Gb interface capacity for PCU2-E and PCU2-D
Overall, applicable for both PCU2-E / PCU2-D max Gb throughput can be reached with more than 1 Frame Relay Link Gb over FR: capacity of the transport links may limit the throughput Gb over IP: PCU capacity is the limiting factor
Parameter PCU2-E PCU2-D
capacity per FR link 1…31 TSL (1984 kbps) 1…31 TSL (1984 kbps)
Total rate of FRLs / logical PCU 128 x 64 kbps 32 x 64 kbps
# of bearer channels per logical PCU
# max Gb throughput per logical PCU )* 8 Mbps (128 TSL x 64 kbps) 2 Mbps (32 TSL x 64 kbps)
16 FRL/NS-VC 4 FRL/NS-VC
*) incl. both user traffic and overheads
RA20209EN30GLN0
24 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementation of Packet Abis Overview on PS U-plane
PS U-plane: mapping of radio blocks to legacy Abis interface radio interface:
– 4 subsequent TDMA frames contribute to a single RLC/MAC block– GMSK: 1 bit/symbol => 114 bits per TDMA frame => 1456 bits of gross rate per RLC/MAC block
– 8-PSK: 3 bit/symbol => 348 bits per TDMA frame => 1392 bits of gross rate per RLC/MAC block
Legacy Abis:
– RLC/MAC blocks are transmitted in PCU frames
– PCU frame has similar structure as TRAU frame– 320 bits per 20 msec for header, payload (i.e. RLC/MAC block) and dummy bits (cf. Slide28)
– concatenated PCU frames are needed to preserve high throughput rates on Abis (for CS2-4 and MCS2-9 in case of EDGE)– large RLC/MAC blocks are split into up to 5 PCU frames depending on (M)CS
– PCU frames can act either as PCU master data frames or PCU slave data frames
– each RTSL gets one PCU master data frame and up to 4 PCU slave data frames depending on transmitted (M)CS (e.g. MCS1 does not need any slave frames while MCS9 needs 4 ones)
– PCU slave data frames are allocated on Abis sub-channels belonging to EDAP
MACheader
RLCheader
RLC data (related to a single RTSL)
payload of PCU frame: user data as well as RLC/MAC headers
RA20209EN30GLN0
25 © Nokia Siemens Networks RA20209EN30GLN0
Implementation of Packet Abis Format of packet (PS U-plane)
PS U-plane: format of IP packet with PS U-plane in Packet Abis (1/2) The structure of PS U-plane packet in Packet Abis is identical to that carrying CS U-plane
– payload size is variable as it depends on codec in radio
– header size depends on realization of physical layer Payload structure:
– The entire RLC/MAC block is put in to a single packet – length of PCU frame in Packet Abis is not determined by PCM time structure (i.e. it is no longer limited to
320 bits per 20 msec)
– thus RLC/MAC blocks are not split between master and slave frames
– payload size is determined by (M)CS codec used on radio interface
payload header
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9
PS codecs
data
bit
s p
er
PC
U f
ram
e
user bits RLC/MAC header spare bits and byte alignment bits
26 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementation of Packet Abis Format of packet (PS U-plane)
PS U-plane: format of IP packet with PS U-plane in Packet Abis (2/2) Payload structure (continuation from the previous slide):
– due to lack of fragmentation of RLC/MAC block, the distinction between master and slave PCU frames is not needed and EDAP concept is removed (in both physical realizations of Packet Abis)
– removal of EDAP modifies handling of PS traffic by PCU
– No PS multiplexing in RG30
– PS multiplexing in Packet Abis is understood as capability to bundle content of several RTSL within the same packet (analogously to CS multiplexing)
– lack of PS multiplexing does not affect a basic EGPRS feature which allows multiplexing of several users in a single RTSL (which is certainly supported regardless of Abis implementation)
– PS multiplexing is a candidate for future releases
Header structure:
– the same like for CS U-plane in terms of length and handling
– header compression is supported for TDM transport and does not for PSN transport
– For further details, please refer to the Chapter Appendix
RA20209EN30GLN0
27 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementation of Packet Abis PCU aspects (PS U-plane)
PCU aspects: overview interdependencies between ETP and PCU: introduction of ETP does not modify PCU tasks
– from PCU perspective, the role of ETP is identical like any other Exchange Terminal (i.e. ET16, ETS2, ETIP): it terminates PCU frames and relies them to PCU for further processing
– in that sense Abis implementation does not matter for PCU (as ETP handles relevant protocols) PCU2-D or PCU2-E are required for Packet Abis. Neither PCU1 nor PCU2-U are supported. PCU2-D and PCU2-E support either Packet Abis or Dynamic Abis (Legacy Abis), but not both simultaneously
RA20209EN30GLN0
28 © Nokia Siemens Networks
PCU dimensioning for Packet Abis
• In Packet Abis concept of EDAP is removed thus formula that has been used so far for PCU dimensioning must be appropriately changed. • Introduction of new transport concept for Abis interface have direct impact on PCU and for this Abis realization dimensioning is much simpler than before.• Following changes has been done:
– # of EDAPs and # of AbisChannels bave been removed as they are irrelevant
– PCU connectivity target is understood as sum of RTSLs in default territory (CDEF)
– Utilization in radio timeslot criteria is recommended to set 50% not 70% like in Dynamic Abis
parameter (*) PCU2-E PCU2-D
max RTSL 1024 256
max BTS 384 128
max SEG 256 64
max TRX 1024 256
max Gb throughput 8 Mbps 2 Mbps
#DSP 6 8
#bw/DSP 6880 B 1280 B
#logical PCU/PIU 1 2
For RTSL Utilization = 50% which is recommended value (to leave enough capacity for territory upgrade and higher coding scheme/modulation)i.e.:PCU2-E which support up to 1024 RTSL, 512 RTSLs is available for cell.
(*) per logical PCU
RA20209EN30GLN0
29 © Nokia Siemens Networks
PCU dimensioning for Packet AbisNumber of cells per PCU
Number of cells that can be handled by one PCU is calculated based on the following formula:
CDEF
NN
RTSLCells
With this number of RTSLs one PCU2-E unit can support e.g.:– 256 cells (and this is maximum number of cells that can be served by PCU2-E) with CDEF=2, which in sum gives 512 RTSL. This “extra small” configuration, in terms of default territory can be used to provide connectivity to very high number of cells.
– 128 cells with default territory = 4, and this configuration is recommended Connectivity Cell configuration as it is placed between extra small and medium configuration. For both Connectivity Cells configurations recommended CMAX value is 6 (two TRXs) to leave more capacity for Throughput Cell.
– Up to 42 cells with CDEF equal to 12 RTSLs. This configuration is example of a Throughput Cell in which higher throughput rate is offered per cell. For this configuration recommended EGPRS TRXs is 4 or 5 per cell.
RA20209EN30GLN0
30 © Nokia Siemens Networks
PCU dimensioning for Packet AbisFormula
Notes: #PCU correspond with the number of logical PCU (only relevant fopr PCU2D)Recommended U value is 50%Utilization for Gb throughput ( P value in the formula) is recommended to be set to 70% to leave safety margin in case of peak in several BTSs in the same time.
PGbThr
GbThr
TRX
TRX
SEG
SEG
BTS
BTS
URTSL
RTSLPCU
max;
max
#;
max
#;
max
#;
max
#max#
RA20209EN30GLN0
31 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Exercise
For Packet Abis the following figures are used:RTSLs = 570 RTSLsBTSobjs = 120 BTSsSEGs is not usedTRXs = 240 TRXsBHGbThroughput = 6 Mbit/sIn calculation PCU2-E is used.
RA20209EN30GLN0
33 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Appendix
RA20209EN30GLN0
34 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementation of Packet Abis Overview on protocol stack
various protocol stacks are used for different planes and for different realization of physical layer
Notes:
– these are simplified pictures just for overview needed for network planning
– introduction of IPSec brings in additional headers
p-RTPp-RTP
UDPUDPIUAIUA
SCTPSCTP
IPIP
MC ML PPP / HDLCMC ML PPP / HDLC
TDMTDM
CS/PSU-plane
C/M-plane
p-RTPp-RTP
UDPUDPIUAIUA
SCTPSCTP
IPIP
Ethernet (L2) / VLANEthernet (L2) / VLAN
Ethernet (L1)Ethernet (L1)
CS/PSU-plane
C/M-plane
Packet Abis over TDM Packet Abis over PSN
SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol
IUA: ISDN User AdaptationRA20209EN30GLN0
35 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementation of Packet Abis Header compression (2/4)
Header compression: basic principles– allows compression of some protocol headers before sending packets over a link
and decompression to their original state upon reception at the far end of the link– is possible due to the redundancy in header fields of given packet stream (many
fields being constant or changing hardly ever in consecutive packets: these can be recognized and replaced with the smallest representation)
– is hop-to-hop process, so it is necessary to decompress the header upon reception at each node to manage the incoming packet (e.g. to perform routing or apply QoS mechanisms), i.e. all interconnecting elements must support header compression
– the functionality is supported (optionally) for Packet Abis over TDM (where bandwidth efficiency is crucial) and is not for Packet Abis over PSN (lack of relevant standard)
Header compression is controlled by means of parameters: Next two slides give overview on header lengths used for network planning;
note that:– header length depends on plane (e.g. C-plane has different headers than U-plane)– header length depends on physical realization of Packet Abis (i.e. TDM vs. Ethernet)– header length depends on whether header compression is enabled or not
RA20209EN30GLN0
36 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementation of Packet Abis Header compression (3/4)
Header compression: compression gain for Packet Abis over TDM
CS/PS U-plane
3 7 20 8 7
HDLC MC/ML-PPP UDP p-RTPIP
3 74 4
PPP headercompression
IP headercompression
UDP headercompression: 0 octets
45 octets without compression
18 octets with header compression
C/M-plane
3 7 20 12 28
HDLC MC/ML-PPP SCTP IUAIP
3 4 4
PPP headercompression
IP headercompression
12 28
70 octets without compression
51 octets with header compression
RA20209EN30GLN0
37 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Implementation of Packet Abis Header compression (4/4)
Header compression: overview on headers’ lengths for Packet Abis over PSN– header compression is not supported in case of Packet Abis over PSN
– Note: introduction of IPSec brings in ~40 octets regardless of plane
CS/PS U-plane
4 38 20 8 7
VLAN Ethernet (802.3) incl. IFG UDP p-RTPIP
77 octets without compression
C/M-plane
4 38 12 28
VLAN Ethernet (802.3) incl. IFG SCTP IUAIP
20……
102 octets without compression
RA20209EN30GLN0