Sungmin Kim

SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Fashion Technology8. Smart Textile System

Introduction

What is Smart Textile System ?

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Detection ofExternal Stimulation

Temperature, Chemical, Pressure, etc.

Active Response to Stimulation

Thermal control, Sanitization, Mechanical Reaction, ...

Smart Fabric

e-Textiles

WearableComputer

IntelligentTextile

Smart TextileSystem

Introduction

Why Smart Textile System ?

Ubiquitous Environment

Network can be connected at anytime, anywhere

Smart textile system is the next best choice to implantable devices

Technology Fusion

Fusion of IT, BT, NT, and ET through technology innovation

Cutting edge technology for a human-centered society

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Hi-FunctionalMaterial Properties

DigitalizedProperties

TechnologyFusion

SmartTextile

System

Introduction

Why Smart Textile System ?

Advantage of Textile Structure as the Infrastructure of Smart System

Flexibility of manufacturing process

Large surface area and long length

Fault tolerance

Textile based elements are easy to scale in size

Textile structure can conform to any desired shape

Benefits of Textile Structure on the Human Side

Human comfort is important for ubiquitous devices

People prefer garments than wires or plastic cases

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Technology

Realization of Smart Textile System

By Smart Material

By Smart Finishing

By Smart Structure

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Technology

By Smart Material

Examples of Smart material

Electro active polymer (EAP)

Multi functional fiber

Stretchable Electronics

Project Jacquard

Chromosonic

Heatex

Hitoe

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Technology

By Smart Material

Electroactive Polymer

Characteristics

– High elasticity with large deformation

– Easy to process due to low density

– Potential use in robotics, biomimetics, MEMS (Microelectromechanical System), etc.

– Easily applicable to textile structure

Activation mechanism

– By electric field

– By ion

– By other mechanisms

Technology

By Smart Material Electro Active Polymer

Activated by electric field

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• P(VDF-TrFE) co-polymer

• Large deformation under electric field

No voltage Voltage On

• Dielectric Actuator (Acrylic EPAM)

• Applicable to speakers and small actuators

No voltage Voltage On

Technology

By Smart Material

Electro Active Polymer

Activated by Ion

– Gel Polymer

» Phase change by heat, solvent, pH, light, etc.

» Suitable for artificial muscle

– Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC)

» Large bending deformation under low electric field

» Applicable for fine gripper for micro surgery

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Technology

By Smart Material Electro Active Polymer

Other Mechanisms

– Molecular EAP

» Single polymer chain with the similar properties of muscle fiber

» Basic structure of molecular muscle for MEMS

– Carbon Nanotube

» Singled-walled Carbon Nanotube produces larger deformation than natural muscle fiber

Technology

By Smart Material Multi Functional Electronic Fiber

Developed by MIT

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Light Sensing Sound Sensing Heat / Touch Sensing

Technology

By Smart Material Stretchable Electronics for Large Area (STELLA)

Since 2006, Worldwide consortium

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Technology

By Smart Material Project Jacquard

Google, 2015

– Touch sensitive fabric

– Can be integrated into touch screen or touch pad

– Fabric interface for various electronic devices

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Technology

By Smart Material Chromosonic

By Judit Eszter Karpati (2012, Hungary)

– Combination of thermochromic 'chameleon fiber' and electronics

– Expected to be the basis for garment of which its wearer can change the color and pattern

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Technology

By Smart Material Heatex

Kolon Glotech, 2010

– Carbon fiber based

– Flexible and elastic

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Technology

By Smart Material Hitoe

Toray and NTT– Polyester nano fiber fabric coated with conductive polymer

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Technology

By Smart Finishing Characteristics

Passive Smart Effect

Technology

Fabrication using smart fiber material

– Ultra micro fiber fabric

– Quick drying fabric

– Electromagnetic shielding fabric using metal fiber

– Far-infrared radiation fabric

Coating with functional material

– Waterproof coating

– Microcapsule coating for fragrant fabric

– Antibacterial/antimicrobial polymer coating

– Protective garments with flame-retardant compound coating

Technology

By Smart Finishing Miraheat

Weltech Global (2013, Korea)

– Nano carbon treated plain fabric

– Changes sunlight into heat without additional power supply

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Technology

By Smart Finishing Aquanix

Jean Jean Textile (Korea, 2013)

– Made of fiber that changes color by absorbing water

– Normally invisible patterns appear with water contact

– Applicable to swimsuits or umbrellas for interesting effects

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Technology By Smart Finishing

NanoSphere

Schoeller Technologies (Switzerland)

– Allows dirt, oil, water to simply run off the surface of the textiles

– Mimics the natural self-cleaning effect of lotus

– Permanently resistant to washing

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Technology

By Smart Finishing Emana

Rhodia (Brazil)– Reduces appearance of cellulite– Increase skin elasticity and smoothness

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Technology

By Smart Finishing Active

Arnywear (UK)

– Fabric coated with bug-repellent capsule

– Long lasting protection

– Durable to washing

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Technology

By Smart Structure

Modular System

Connection between Textile Modules

– Communication lines based on conductive fibers

– Versatile connector between textile-textile or textile-PCB (printed circuit board) modules

– Textile-based high-speed data communication

Human Body Adapted Packaging

– Textile-type packaging technology for around body computing (ABC)

– Textile-based attach-and-play technology

Textile based input devices

– Fabric-based sensor platforms and processing technology

– Fabric-type user interface technology

– Fabric-based motion recognition technology

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Technology

By Smart Structure Silk Organza - Conductive Fabric

MIT Media Lab

– Sheath-core yarn made of silk (for modulus) and copper (for conductivity)

– Electric isolation by non-conductive coating and space between each yarn

Copper Foil

Silk Core

FlexibleRibbon Cable

Technology

By Smart Structure Conductive Yarn and Fabric

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Electronic deviceattached garment

Textile FibersConductive Yarn

Organic Electronic Fiber(Single transistor on 1 fiber)

Textile Circuit

Energy HarvestingFiber

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Technology

By Smart Structure Circuit based on Conductive Fabric

Attachment of electronic devices on fabric using gripper snap or lead

– Resistor, Capacitor, LED, etc.

Communicate with computer using optical fiber or electric wiring

Data bus

Micro Controller

IC

Buzzer

:: Fabric breadboard - Smartkerchief

Integration

Technology

By Smart Structure Conductive Embroidery

All fabric keyboard - type 1

– Circuit is printed on the fabric by conductive embroidery technique

– The status of a switch can be checked using the capacitance difference

– Used as an input device for the Levi's Musical Jacket

– Can be used for clothing pressure measurement

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Technology

By Smart Structure Hybrid Structure

All fabric keyboard type 2

– A quilt like structure made with conductive and non-conductive material

– Electric current flows when pressure is applied to make conductive material touch each other

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Conductive Column

Cond

uctiv

e Row

Insulation Layer

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Applications

Military Application

Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard (GTWM)

Developed for military purposes since 1996 with the support of the US Navy

Commercially available under the name of Smart Shirt by SensaTex

Sensing & monitoring of biological signals using conductive fiber

Remote Monitoring

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Applications

Military Application Soldier of the Future

Under development by US Army

– Increase degraded mobility due to the diverse and complex personal equipment

– Improve portability by integrating the computer and communications equipment

– Body temperature maintenance, sterilization, nuclear-chemical-biological protective function

Self-regulatingThermal Jacket

Applications

Entertainment Application

Electronic Plaid

MIT Media Lab

– Heat a specific portion of the fabric using thin electric wire

– Heat-sensitive ink capsules on the fabric control change its color

– Applicable fields

» Ornaments

» Building wall decoration

» Military camouflage fabric

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ThermochromicInk Microcapsule

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Applications

Entertainment Application

Audio Jacket

Infineon Technologies

– Integration of MP3 Player and speaker with jacket

– Textile-based electronic circuitry

– Durable to washing

Applications

Entertainment Application Soft Switch

Keyboard and switches applicable to textile garment products

Implementation of the music-playing fabric

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Applications

Entertainment Application e-Skin Electronic Shirt (Xenoma, Japan)

Motion tracking

– VR game controller

– Fitness

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Applications

Entertainment Application e-Skin Electronic Shirt (Xenoma, Japan)

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Applications

Entertainment Application Fiber Display

France Telecom

– Flexible fabric display using optical fiber

– Any kind of data can be displayed

– Can be used for advertisement

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Fiber optic Screen

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Applications

Sports Application

Smart Ski Jacket (Philips–Levi’s)

Integration of GPS, thermal Control, and MP3 with ski jacket

Smart Shirt for Motor Racer

Monitoring driver’s vital signs

Applications

Sports Application

Cycle Guide

Flexible communication-display system

– Communicate with control center during the race

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Applications

Sports Application YakOn P

Black Yak (Korea)

– Measurement of ECG (electrocardiogram) using conductive fiber

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Applications

Health Care Application

Vital Sign Monitoring

Prevention of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)

Geriatric Care

Post-Surgery Recovery

Heart Rate, Respiration RateBody Temperature, Voice …

Monitoring

Applications

Health Care Application Life Shirt

VivoMetrics (USA)– Sensors are woven around the patient’s chest and abdomen– Measures heart rate and records subject posture and activity level– Optional peripheral devices measure blood pressure, temperature and blood oxygen saturation.

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Applications

Safety Application ProeTEX

Protection e-Textile (University of Modena, 2006~2010)

– Rescue operations

– Operations requiring ventilation

– Firefighting in urban and industrial settings

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Applications

Safety Application Helpware

NexSys (Korea)

– Consists of various wearable sensors and helmet platform

– Communication over LTE network with unlimited range

– Real-time monitoring of workers' vital signs

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The Future

Challenges to Smart Textile System Efficiency of Embedded System

Minimization of textile-compatible sensors and digital device

Safety Issues

Minimization of electromagnetic radiation and static electricity

Ubiquitous Environment

Robust wireless communication infrastructure

Power Supply

Low voltage power supply using body temperature

Utilization of sunlight or wind power

Utilization of fiber bending energy

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Thermogenerator from Infineon Technologies

The Future

Various Views Scientists

The ultimate change in clothing will be the change in the cloth itself

Designers can create a whole new fashion using new materials

Fashion Designers

Clothing cannot be evaluated only in functional perspective

Consumer oriented technology is necessary

Major development is expected in leisure and sport section

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