05.02.2015, introduction and un-habitat activities in mongolia, sh. enkhtsetseg
TRANSCRIPT
Mongolia’s Urbanization
Urbanization Process: 1950-1990: Planned rural- to-urban migration
Ulaanbaatar: planned urban development built-up core are today
1990- present: Massive unplanned rural-to-urban migration
Dzud (2000-2001 (over 1.1 million cattle died), 2009-2010)
Government allowed free movement of population (2003)
Role of Cities in the National Economy:
Over 60% of GDP
Level of Urbanisation:
Over 68%
City of Ulaanbaatar
Established in 1639 (375 years ago) Coldest Capital City of the World
Winter temperature: in January -31.1℃ to -49.0℃
Population (2013): 43% of Mongolia’s total
1.267 million (Mongolia’s population: 2.9 million)
Urban Morphology: Built-up core area v-a-v Ger areas
UN-Habitat Projects in Mongolia
Pro-poor Ger Area Upgrading Strategy and Investment
Plan of Ulaanbaatar City (2006-2010)
Community-Led Ger Area Upgrading in Ulaanbaatar City
(2009-2013)
Community Empowerment Support to ADB TA (2012-
2014)
Guidelines for Participatory Urban Development (2013-
2014)
Community Engagement Support to Public-Private
Partnership in New Ger Area (2013-2014)
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Develop a citywide pro-poor Ger-area Upgrading Strategy
of Ulaanbaatar City (2006 – 2010)
Conceptualization of 3 types of Ger areas Central Ger areas: redevelopment
Middle Ger areas: comprehensive upgradingJICA project
Peri-urban Ger areas: incremental upgrading
Adopted by MUB for implementation
JICA funds made available (US$5,600,000)
Ger-area Upgrading Strategy and
Investment Plan (GUSIP) by UN-Habitat
Overview of the project
Project’s goal
Improve quality of life of 50,000 residents (12,500 households) in 5
project sites selected from the middle Ger area
The residents are not only recipients but more as
resources.
They are the ones to think what they want, build
consensus and construct what they planned to do.
UN-Habitat is there to assist, facilitate and guide the
communities in doing the above.
Overview of the project (cont.)
Mobilization and organization of communities
Primary group (15 +/- households)
Primary group (15 +/- households)
Primary group (15 +/- households)
Primary group (15 +/- households)
Primary group (15 +/- households)
2 representatives
2 representatives
2 representatives
2 representatives
2 representatives
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Community-level CDC
(Community Development Council)
Representatives from
Kheseg CDC1
Representatives from
Kheseg CDC2
Representatives from
Kheseg CDC3
Sub-district-level CDC
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Kheseg CDC (47) Khoroo CDC (5) 12,581 households in total
1. Community-based needs assessment and prioritization
Formulation of Community Action Plan by CDCs
1. Operation and Maintenance Training for CDCs
2. Community Implementation Agreement (CDCs with UN-Habitat)
3. Implementation of ground works by community members
Facilitation and guidance by Social Mobilizers
Formulation of Saving and Credit Groups
Overview of the project (cont.)
Social mobilization process
15 community
buildings
Community centers
Kindergartens
School building
Clinic
Elderly center etc.
up
gra
din
g
140 community
projects
Water kiosks
Footpaths
Stairways
Street lights
Bus stops
Road improvements
Playgrounds
Footbridges
Flood channel
Landscaping etc.
4. The Way Forward
Training of government officials for replication
Application of social mobilization methodology to other
urban development/re-development initiatives
High needs for land re-adjustment in central Ger areas
Changing role of UN-Habitat in Mongolia
Mongolia becoming Middle Income Country – loan type ODA
Still high needs for soft components (legislation, management
knowhow, community social capital, etc.)
How to finance community empowerment?