05 osgood: hybrid technologies for on-site power generation
TRANSCRIPT
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Hybrid Technologies for On-site Power Generation
Texas AFRED R&D ConferenceAustin, TX September 12, 2007
Larry OsgoodConsulting SolutionsPERC Consultant &DG Program Manager
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TX AFRED Hybrid Generating Systems Presentation Overview
•Basis of work PERC R&D and DG programs
•Why Rural & Remote Power Generation is important
•Hybrid system rationale
•Market entry challenges and approach
•Hybrid optimization
•CHP power units
•Plans to move forward
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PERC Research & Development
To invest in new technologies and to foster industry practices that will:
•Bring innovative products and services to propane customers, •Improve the productivity and economic vitality of the propane industry, and •Provide greater value to propane consumers.
www.propanecouncil.org/rd
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PERC Distributed Generation Program
•Fuel cells•Micro-turbines •Engine generator sets• Standard• Hybrid (solar, wind, . . .)• CHP• Micro-CHP
www.propanecouncil.org/rd/distr_power_gen.html
Propane 5 kW heavy-duty charging system
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Why Rural & Remote Power Generation is Important
• Costs for electric lines average $55,000 per mile in US + power plants & transmission lines
• Electric power is essential for communications, radar, security, education and more
• Recent disasters proved value of DG andpropane fuel supplies
• A propane genset can be effective for standby power anywhere in the world
• But the key issue is, does propane make sense as an on-site power fuel
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DG Market Challenges & Strategies
Direct power generation has high costs. If it was easy, it would already be done.
Our strategies to succeed in DG markets:● Increase performance of engines, lower costs● Utilize CHP to recover heat and lower costs● Utilize on-grid systems where incentives available● Backup power w/ peak-shaving capability● Gas Heat Pump w/ backup power● Advanced propane gensets/CHP in solar/wind
hybrid systems for affordable off-grid electricity
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Why Use Propane/LPG for Local Heating, Cooking and DG Fuel?
•Easily transportable•High energy density, liquid form•Easily stored on site•Can be stored underground•Not a ground contaminant•Self pressurizing gas, no pumps•Clean burning•Efficient•Substantial supplies•Readily available
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Fuel-Generated Power is Expensive
•Continuous fuel-generated power?
•Fine for limited uses, such as an RV & back-up power
•Not cost effective for most prime power
•Operating costs are high
•CHP & Hybrid systems lower capital and operating costs
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Diagram of a Hybrid Power System
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Sunwize Hybrid Solar/Propane Power System
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Polar Power Small Hybrid Solar/Propane Power System
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Polar Power Mid-size Hybrid Solar/Propane Power System
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Hybrid Renewable Systems Have Significant Advantages
• Hybrid = distributed electrical generation combining 2 or more power sources
• Produce electricity on site, where power lines are not available or practical
• Provide power on-site in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner
• Hybrid systems are optimal for rural, remote, and developing country applications
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Propane Makes Small Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Perform
•Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels•Small wind turbines•Micro-hydro (water) turbines
All the above are “renewable” but are not reliable due to intermittency
Propane gensets provide instant, reliable power
Propane provides renewables with solid on-site performance
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Large Renewables Have Significant Drawbacks for State RPS Programs
•High initial costs•Reliability and site issues can be difficult•Require significant power transmission systems
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Global GHG Emissions by Sector
8%
14%
24%
14%
5%
3%14%
18%
Important to have higher efficiency and lower CO2 power generating systems
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Summary of PERC DG 2007-8 Program Objectives to Move Hybrids Forward
Focus: Bring Propane Hybrid Systems to Market
• Work with engine and generator mfgs. to develop superior propane engines & gensets
• Work with power-electronics suppliers to improve performance & system controllers
• Build relationships w/ other stakeholders including system manufacturers, installers, renewable industry, users & ww agencies
• Present PERC accomplishments and new systems in papers at DG conferences
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Early Hybrid System
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Fuel Cells in DG / Hybrids ?? No.
Fuel Cell System Performance?- Lower efficiency- Higher cost- Higher maintenance- Shorter life
Biggest issue:Can’t start and stopon demand
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Advanced Heavy-duty 2.5 – 5 kW Propane Engine & Genset
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Lombardini HD LPG Engine
HD Diesel Based2 cylinder
Factory LPG
Liquid Cooled
3 main bearings
Overhead Valves
Continuous duty
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Small Propane & Diesel Gensets Compared (1 – 10 kW)
30,000-60,000
hours
2,000 – 8,000 hours
1,000 – 5,000 hours
Service Life of Genset
2,500 -10,000 hours
100 – 200 hours
100 – 200 hours
Maintenance Interval
24-hour capable
Must de-rateMust de-rateContinuous Duty
24 – 31 %20 – 22 %18 – 20 %Full - Load Efficiency
20 – 26%17 – 18 %13 – 16 %½ - Load Efficiency
FineWet stack?OKLight Load
H.D.Advanced Propane
DieselStandard Propane
GensetItem
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Current Rural Hybrid System
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Propane genset is in white box
Grey box is new Xantrexhybrid system controller with inverters
New Xantrex Hybrid System Controller
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New SMA “Sunny Island” Inverter
High overload and Surge capacity
Automatic generator starting
DC & AC coupling built in
Output load shedding!
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Gaia Advanced Hybrid System Controller w/ Large-capacity Battery Storage
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Cost Advantages w/ Hybrid System
Gensets have a lowinitial cost, buthigh O&M costs
Renewables have high initial costs with low O&M costs
The right combination of renewables and propane genset provides the lowest system cost, and highest reliability
Initial CostOperating
Cost
+
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Actual Output from HOMER Optimization Model
http://www.nrel.gov/homer
HOMER is a computer model that simplifies the task of evaluating design options for both off-grid and grid-connected power systems for remote, stand-alone, and distributed generation (DG) applications. In 2001, identified hybrid systems optimal over solar only. Includes a web link to site specific solar data.
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Sample Hybrid System Costs
Propane genset onlySolar system onlyCurrent hybrid
Higher cost genset, no optimization, subsidies, or cost savings for no pole & wire
Optimized hybrid sitew/CHP
$1.58 per kW$ .95 per kW$ .72 per kW
$ .20 - .40 per kW
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CHP System Advantages
• Regular gensets produce electricity – don’t utilize “waste-heat”
• CHP systems start with advanced propane engines w/ 50% better efficiency
• 2-3 units of heat energy for every unit of electrical energy produced
• CHP systems typically twice as efficient as central electrical production
• Lower energy cost and CO2 output
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New Honda 1.2 kW m-CHP System
• UL listed propane system• PERC home demo in MA• Target home heating
market• Provides heat and
electricity• Can provide all home
electricity needs• Replace conventional
furnaces• Jointly developing off-grid
& back-up system(adding storage)
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1.2kW m-CHP 1-cyl Liquid-cooled Genset Module
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New 5kW CHP System
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Marathon HD Power Generators in a Hybrid Residential System
• Minotaur 2.5 & 5 kW gensets available now
• Full time, prime power, high efficiency systems
• 5 kW ecopower CHP UL listed and available now
• ecoisland developed, UL listing target is early 2008
• Distribution network in development
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Testing for Yanmar 5 kW CHP System
• Testing at GTI is complete• Picture is 5 kW propane unit in test cell• Results excellent• Net output: 4.64 kW• Elec. Efficiency: 26.3% LHV,
highest system efficiency tested to date•Noise extremely low: 51 dB
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10,000hoursMaintenance interval
54dB(A)Operating sound level
790kgNet weight
Permanent magnet-Generator
4 cycle gas engine*-Engine
1470x800x1790mmW x D x HDimensions
85.0% (LHV)Overall efficiency
53.5% (LHV)Heat recovery rate
31.5% (LHV)Generating efficiency
Efficiency
16.8kWHeat recovery
Inverter-Grid connecting system
Single / AC 100/200VPhase / voltage
9.9kWRated output
CP10VB1Items
9.9kW Advanced CHP System Specs
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Rationale for Hybrid Market Opportunity
• Electric power is increasingly needed to improve the quality of life around the world
• Power needs at remote sites are increasing
• Remote Power costs are extremely high
• Renewable power emphasis is increasing
• Emphasis on lowering CO2 emissions is “huge”
• DG is a lead item in future market development potential and gallons
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How Do Hybrid Systems and Propane Support the On-Site Power Market
• Propane is a reliable & clean fuel for power generation
• New propane small genset technology leapfrogs diesel as the premium fuel in efficiency, maintenance and longevity
• Hybrid systems generate power more efficiently and for lower cost than other alternatives
• Propane hybrids maximize the performance of renwables for sustainability into the future
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For More Information Contact
Larry OsgoodDistributed Generation Program [email protected]
Greg KerrDirector of Research and [email protected]
Hybrid System Fact Sheet and more at:www.propanecouncil.org/rd