04 fibre channel storage area networks

8/2/2019 04 Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks

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2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Fibre Channel

Storage Area Networks (SAN)

Module 3.3


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2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 2

Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN)

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

Describe the features and benefits of SAN.

Describe the physical and logical elements of SAN.

List common SAN topologies.

Compare and contrast connectivity devices.

Describe connectivity options of SAN.

Describe the I/O flow in the SAN environment. List SAN management considerations.

Describe applications of a SAN strategy.


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In this module

This module contains the following lessons: Fibre Channel SAN Overview.

The Components of a SAN.

FC SAN Connectivity.

SAN Management.

SAN Deployment Examples.

Case Study and Applications of FC SAN.


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Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Overview

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Define a FC SAN.

Describe the features of FC SAN based storage.

Describe the benefits of an FC SAN based storagestrategy.


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Business Needs and Technology Challenges

Information when and where the business user needs it Integrate technology infrastructure with business

processes

Flexible, resilient architecture


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What is a SAN?

Dedicated storage network

Organized connectionsamong:

Storage

Communication devices

Systems

Secure

Robust

Server

Servers

Array

Switches

Storage


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Evolution of Fibre Channel SAN

SAN IslandsFC

Arbitrated Loop

InterconnectedSANs

FC

Switched Fabric Enterprise SANsFC Switched Fabric

HUB

Servers

Arrays

Storage

Switches

Switches

Servers

Servers

Storage

Storage


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Benefits of a SAN

High bandwidthFibre Channel

SCSI extension

Block I/O

Resource Consolidation

Centralized storage and management

Scalability

Up to 16 million devices

Secure Access

Isolation and filtering


9/68 2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Storage Area Networks (SAN) - 9

Lesson Summary

Topics in this lesson included: Definition of a SAN

Features and Benefits of SANs



Lesson: The Components of a SAN

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the elements of a SAN.

Host Bus Adapter (HBA)

Fiber Cabling

Fibre Channel Switch /Hub

Storage Array

Management System



Components of a Storage Area Network


Fiber Cabling


Storage Array

Management System

HBAHBA

SAN-attached Server

SAN

Arrays

Switches



Nodes, Ports, & Links

Node

HBA

Port 0Port 0

Port 1Port 1

Port nPort n

Link

Port 0Port 0Rx

Tx



HBA

Host Bus Adapters

HBAs perform low-level interface functions automaticallyto minimize the impact on host processor performance

HBAArraysSwitches

Server



Connectivity

Single ModeFiber

Storage

MultimodeFiber

Host

Switches



Connectors

Node Connectors:

SC Duplex Connectors

LC Duplex Connectors

Patch panel Connectors

ST Simplex Connectors



Connectivity Devices

Basis for SAN communication

Hubs, Switches and Directors

HBAArrays

SwitchesServer



Storage Resources

Storage Array

Provides storage consolidation andcentralization

Features of an array

High Availability/Redundancy

Performance

Business Continuity

Multiple host connect HBAArraysSwitches

Server



SAN Management Software

A suite of tools used in a SAN

to manage the interfacebetween host and storagearrays.

Provides integratedmanagement of SANenvironment.

Web based GUI or CLI



Lesson: Summary

Topics in this lesson included:

The elements of a SAN:


Fiber Cabling


Storage Array

Management System



Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

Describe the Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methodsand topologies

Describe Fibre Channel devices

Describe Fibre Channel communication protocols

Describe Fibre Channel login procedures



Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity

Core networking principles

applied to storage

Servers are attached to 2distinct networks

Back-end

Front-end

Users &Application

Clients

Storage &Application

Data

Servers &Applications

SANswitchesdirectors

IPnetwork



What is Fibre Channel?

SAN Transport Protocol

Integrated set of standards (ANSI)

Encapsulates SCSI

A High Speed Serial Interface

Allows SCSI commands to be transferred over a storage network.

Standard allows for multiple protocols over a singleinterface.



Fibre Channel Ports

Node

Node

Node

Switch

Node

Node

Node

Node

E Port

NL Port

NL Port

N Port

F Port

N Port

F Port

N Port

F PortN Port

F Port

E Port

FL Port FL Port

NL Port

NL Port

HUBHUB

NL Port

Servers

Server

Server

Storage

ArrayArray

Storage

Switch

Switch



World Wide Names

Unique 64 bit identifier.

Static to the port.Used to physically identify a port or node within the SAN

Similar to a NIC MAC address

Additionally, each node is assigned a unique portID (address) within the SANUsed to communicate between nodes within the SAN

Similar in functionality to an IP address on a NIC



World Wide Names: Example

World Wide Name - HBA

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c 9 2 0 d c 4 0

Reserved12 bits

Company OUI24 bits

Company Specific24 bits

World Wide Name Array

5 0 0 6 0 1 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 B 2

0101 0000 0000 0110 0000 0001 0110 0000 0000 0000 0110 0000 0000 0001 1011 0010

Company ID

24 bits

Port Model seed

32 bits



Fabric

Fibre Channel Logins

N Port 1 F Port F Port N Port 2 Process x

Process y

Process z

Process a

Process b

Process c



Fibre Channel Addressing

Fibre Channel addresses are used for transportingframes from source ports to destination ports.

Address assignment methods vary with the associatedtopology (loop vs switch)

Loop self assigning

Switch centralized authority

Certain addresses are reserved

FFFFFC is Name Server

FFFFFE is Fabric Login


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What is a Fabric?

Virtual space used by nodes to

communicate with each otheronce they are joined.

Component identifiers:

Domain ID

Worldwide Name (WWN)

Fabric

Switches

Servers

Arrays

Storage


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Fibre Channel Topologies

Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)

Devices attached to a sharedloop

Analogous to Token Ring

Switched Fabric (FC-SW)

All devices connected to a Fabric

Switch Analogous to an IPswitch

Initiators have unique dedicatedI/O paths to Targets

HUB

Switch

Clients

Arrays

Storage

Clients


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Switch versus Hub Comparison

Switches (FC-SW)

FC-SW architecture scalable tomillions of connections.

Bandwidth per device staysconstant with increasedconnectivity.

Bandwidth is scalable due todedicated connections.

Higher availability than hubs.

Higher cost.

Hubs (FC-AL)

FC-AL is limited to 127connections (substantially fewerconnections can be implementedfor ideal system performance).

Bandwidth per device diminishes

with increased connectivity due tosharing of connections.

Low cost connection.


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How an Arbitrated Loop Hub Works

Transmit

Transmit

Receive

Receive

Receive

Transmit

Receive

Transmit

Byp

Byp

Byp

Byp

Hub_Pt Hub_Pt

Hub_Pt Hub_Pt

Node A

Node B Node C

Node D

Byp

Byp

NL_Port#4

HBA

NL_Port#4

HBA

NL_Port#1

HBA

NL_Port#1

HBA

NL_Port#3

FA

NL_Port#3

FA

NL_Port#2

HBA

NL_Port#2

HBA

Byp

Byp


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Port

How a Switched Fabric Works

Transmit

Transmit

Receive

Receive

Receive

Transmit

Receive

Transmit

NL_Port#1

HBA

NL_Port#4

HBA

NL_Port#2

HBA

N_Port #1

HBA

Port

N_Port #4

HBA

N_Port #2

StoragePort

Port

Port

Node A

Node B Node C

Node D

NL_Port#3

FA

N_Port #3

StoragePort


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Metro ring or point-to-point

topologies with or withoutpath protection

Inter Switch Links (ISLs)

Multimode Fiber

1Gb=500m 2Gb=300m

Single-mode Fiber

up to10 km

Switch

Switch

Switch

Switch

Switch

Switch

Router Router


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Topology: Mesh Fabric

Can be either partial or full mesh

All switches are connected to each other

Host and Storage can be located anywhere in the fabric

Host and Storage can be localized to a single switch

Partial Mesh Full Mesh


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Full Mesh Benefits

Benefits

All storage/servers are a maximum of one ISL hop away.

Hosts and storage may be located anywhere in the fabric.

Multiple paths for data using the Fabric Shortest Path First (FSPF)algorithm.

Fabric management made simpler.


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Topology: Simple Core-Edge Fabric

Can be two or three tiers

Single Core Tier

One or two Edge Tiers

In a two tier topology,storage is usuallyconnected to the Core

Benefits High Availability

Medium Scalability

Medium to maximumConnectivity

Storage Tier

Host Tier


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Core-Edge Benefits

Simplifies propagation of fabric data.

One ISL hop access to all storage in the fabric.

Efficient design based on node type.

Traffic management and predictability.

Easier calculation of ISL loading and traffic patterns.


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Lesson: Summary


The Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methods andtopologies

Fibre Channel devices

Fibre Channel communication protocols

Fibre Channel login procedures


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Lesson: SAN Management


Describe SAN management functions

Infrastructure protection

Provisioning

Capacity Management

Performance Management


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SAN Management Overview


Fabric Management

Storage Allocation

Capacity Tracking



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Infrastructure Security

Physical security

Locked data center

Centralized server and storageinfrastructure

Controlled administrator access

Storage Arrays

Switch Switch

SecureVPNor

Firewall

Servers

ControlStation

Corporate LAN

Management

LAN (Private)

In-band (FC)

Out-band (IP)


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Switch/Fabric Management Tools

Vendor supplied management software

Embedded within the switch

Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Command Line Interface (CLI)

Functionality

Common functionsPerformance monitoring

Discovery

Access Management (Zoning)

Different look and feel between vendors

Additional third party software add-ons

Enhanced functionality, such as automation


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Fabric Management: Zoning

Servers

Arrays


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Zoning Components

Zone Zone ZoneZones

(Library)

Zone SetZones Sets(Library)

Members(WWNs) Member Member Member MemberMember Member


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Types of Zoning

Examples:

WWN Zone 1 = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40; 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E

Port Zone 1 = 21,1; 25,3

Mixed Zone 1 = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DE:56; Port 21/1

WWN10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40 WWN

50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E

Domain ID = 21Port = 1

Domain ID = 25Port = 3

WWN10:00:00:00:C9:20:DE:56

Servers

ArraySwitches


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Single HBA Zoning

Optimally, one HBA per zone.

Nodes can only talk to Storage in the same zone

Storage Ports may be members of more than one zone.

HBA ports are isolated from each other to avoid potential

problems associated with the SCSI discovery process.

Also known as chatter

Decreases the impact of a changes in a Fabric by

reducing the amount of nodes that must communicate.


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Provisioning: LUN Masking

Restricts volume access to

specific hosts and/orhost clusters.

Servers can only access thevolumes that they are assigned.

Access controlled in the storageand not in the fabric

Makes distributed administrationsecure

Tools to manage masking GUI Command Line

ServersArray

Switch


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Capacity Management

Tracking and managing assets

Number of ports assigned

Storage allocated

Utilization profile

Indicates resource utilization over time

Allows for forecasting

SAN management software provides the tools

Inventory databases

Report writers


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What is it?

Capturing metrics and monitoring trends

Proactively or Reactively responding

Planning for future growth

Areas and functionsHost, Fabric and Storage Performance

Building baselines for the environment


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Lesson: Summary



Provisioning

Capacity Management



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Lesson: SAN Deployment Examples


Describe common SAN deployment considerations

Explain SAN deployment examples

Describe SAN Challenges


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When Should a SAN be Used?

SANs are optimized for high bandwidth block level I/O

Suited for the demands of real time applications

Databases: OLTP (online transaction processing)

Video streaming

Any applications with high transaction rate and high datavolatility

Stringent requirements on I/O latency and throughput

Used to consolidate heterogeneous storageenvironments

Physical consolidation

Logical consolidation


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Consolidation Example: DAS Challenge

ServersServersServers

Storage


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Consolidation Example: SAN Solution

Servers Servers

Array

Switch

Servers


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Connectivity Example: Challenge

Server

SwitchesArray

Array

Server

Server

Server

Server


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Connectivity Example: Solution

ServerServer

Server

Server

Server

Array

Switches


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FC SAN Challenges

Infrastructure

New, separate networks are required.

Skill-sets

As a relatively new technology, FC SAN administrative skills need to

be cultivated.

Cost

Large investments are required for effective implementation.


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Lesson: Summary


Common SAN deployment considerations.

SAN Implementation Scenarios

Consolidation

Connectivity

SAN Challenges


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Module Summary

Topics in this module included:

The features and benefits of SAN.

The physical and logical elements of SAN.

The common SAN topologies.

Comparison of SAN connectivity devices.

The connectivity options of SAN.

The I/O flow in the SAN environment.

SAN management considerations.

Applications of a SAN strategy.


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Check Your Knowledge

Name three key features of a SAN implementation.

What is a Switch?

Describe how a SAN can be connected?

What is one common SAN topology? What are two management considerations for a SAN

environment?

What is a Fabric?

What is a Core-Edge Fabric?


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Apply Your Knowledge

Connectrix Family of

SAN Switches and Directors


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Apply Your Knowledge

Upon completion of this topic, you will be able to:

Describe EMCs product implementation of the

Connectrix Family of SAN Switches and Directors.


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The Connectrix Family

MDS-9120

MDS-9140

DS-220B

MDS-9509

ED-140M

MP-1620M

MDS-9506

MDS-9216i/A

AP-7420B

MP-2640M

DS-4100B

ED-10000M

ED-48000B

DS-4700M

DS-4400M

High-speed Fibre Channel connectivity-

1 to 10 gigabits per second Highly resilient switching technology, and

options for IP storage networking.

configure to adapt to any business need


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Switches versus Directors

Connectrix Switches

High availability throughredundant deployment

Redundant fans and powersupplies

Departmental deploymentor part of Data Centerdeployment

Small to medium fabricsMulti-protocol possibilities

Connectrix Directors

Redundant everything

provides optimalserviceability and highestavailability

Data center deployment

Maximum scalability

Maximum performance

Large fabrics

Multi-protocol


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Connectrix Switch - DS-220B

Provides eight, 12, or 16 ports

Auto-detecting 1, 2, and 4 Gb/s Fibre Channel ports

Single, fixed power supply

Field-replaceable optics

Redundant cooling

Simplified setupno previous SAN experience needed

Eliminates the need for advanced skills to manage IP addressing orZoning


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Connectrix Director MDS 9509

Multi-transport switchFibre

Channel, FICON, iSCSI, FCIP16 to 224 Fibre Channel ports

456 Gigabit Ethernet ports for iSCSIor FCIP

Non-blocking fabric

1 / 2 Gb/s auto-sensing ports

All components are fullyredundant

MDS-9509


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Connectrix Management Interfaces

MDS-SeriesFabric Manager

M-SeriesWeb Server

B-SeriesWeb Tools


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Module Summary

The Connectrix Family of Switches and Directors;

Has three product sets:

Connectrix B-Series

Connectrix MDS 9000 Series

Connectrix M-Series

Provides highly available access to storage.

Connects a wide range of host and storage technologies.

04 fibre channel storage area networks

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