03 about rtls

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About RTLS

2005.01.11

Kim, Chang Soon

Super Computing Laboratory

Dept . of Computer Science, Yonsei Univ .



Supercomputing Laboratory2

RTLS

Real Time Location/Locating System

± Fully automated systems that continually monitor the

locations of assets

± Usually utilizes active RFID tags Why RFID?

± Other technologies

� WLAN

± High cost, power consumption

� GPS

± High cost, not applicable to the indoor building

± RFID

� Low cost, low power consumption




Types of RTLS




Research Issues

Location Decision

± TDO A / SRO A / Based on signal strength

Management of the location information inreal-time

Mechanism to provide the location

information to the client (user)




INCITS T20

ANSI Standard, 2003

Consist of

± Two Air Interface (2.4GHz / 433MHz)

± One API (Web Service)

Terminologies

± RTLS transmitter: active radio transmitters(tags)

� Use DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum)

anti-collision protocols are not required

±RTLS Reader

± RTLS server: aggregates from the RTLS readers.

± Signpost/exciter: alter the rate of transmission of an RTLS

transmitter

± Blink: spread spectrum radio frequency transmission




INCITS T20 (cont¶)

Architecture




INCITS T20 (cont¶)

Lack of T20

± It is fit well for F acility RTLS ,

but not for Enterprise/Private RTLS

± It is not consider the mechanism about processing of massive data

� e.g) filtering, «



An Ubiquitous Framework and Protocolfor Object Tracking using RFID Tags

Pradip De, Kalyan Basuand and Sajal K. Das. University of Texas




Contents

Introduction

Network Architecture

The Object Tracking Protocol




Introduction

Higher risky transaction process ± Multitude of products

± Complexity in the international supply demand

Major issues in t

he ch

ain(SCM

) ± Visibility

� Detailed knowledge of what is going on in other parts of thechain

± Control

± Good visibility + lack of control = required changescannot be effected within a short time

Solution ± Real time tracking of transacted objects




Network Architecture

RFID Readers

± RMM(Reader Management Module)

� Captures the EPC of the tag

� Captures the EPC or ID of the reader

� Captures the reading timestamp

Savants

± Smoothen and aggregate the data

coming from the readers

± Correct errors

± Operations

� Data capturing / monitoring / transmission

PML Servers

± Store PML files




PML Servers

H-PML (Home PML)

± Contains information about an object owned by organization

± Adopts the concept of Cellular system

� HLR / VLR

GW-PML (Gateway PML)

± To handles queries and

transaction with other

organizations

± Act as a protocol converter

N etwork Architecture

Intra Organization Netowrk

Inter Organization Netowrk




HLR/VLR HLR/VLR

The Object Tracking Protocol

T riplet

± <EPC_Id, Timestamp, Reader_Id>

HLR

± Updates the current location

± Keeps a history of locations



LAND

MARC

:Indoor LocationSensing Using Active RFID

Lionel M. Ni, Yunhao Liu, YiuC

ho Lau, Michigan stateU

niversity




Features

Algorithm for indoor location sensing

Uses reference tags

± Serve as reference points

Advantages ± No need for a large number of RFID readers

± Environmental dynamics can easily be accommodated

± Location information is accurate




LANDMARC approach

RFID read ranges




LANDMARC approach (cont¶)

Reader

± Will scan from range 1 to 8 and keep repeating the cycle

± Calculates the Signal Strength Vector

� Of Tracking tag: S = (S1, S2, «, Sn)

� Of Reference tag: = (1, 2, «, n) ± Obtain the coordinate (x,y) of tracking tag

� using k-nearest neighbor algorithm (by Euclidian distance)

± Example



Proposal

2005.01.11




(domain).

± ,, DBq.

± ,q

.




³T 1 ´ previous location?

± Sol.) RFID Reader Writer

� Reader ID announcement.

� c.f) Mobile IP, Cellular system

receive new

reader ID?REPORT

REPORTwrite new

reader ID

yes

no | timeout

<Fl ow Chart of a Tag>




Example

Q. Reader ID RTLS

Server ?

± e.g) 03 A

± Sol.)

� ID EPC .

� ONS resolution.

annooun.<11>

report<id, 03> & store <11>

T1 11

notify <T 1, B>

B




2

Massive Data.

± Sol.) 2-Level Filtering(??)

� RFID Reader level

± reader cache

..

� RTLS Server level:

± Context Engine massive data.

± Context Engine RTLS Server (??).




2-Level Filtering(??)




± domain real-time object tracking

± Massive data scalability

� u

±

± «

± architecture

� Context Engine

±

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