01 technical folder stora enso building solutions clt
DESCRIPTION
Technical-folder-Stora-Enso-Building-Solutions-CLTTRANSCRIPT
Stora Enso Building and Living Building Solutions
© Stora Enso 2012 / All rights reserved Version 04/2012
Product informationCLT characteristicsStandard structuresSurface qualityApprovals
ConstructionShell constructionLayer structureDetailsOther applications
Building physicsThermal protectionAirtightnessMoistureEvaluations
Structural analysisCalculating and dimensioning CLTCLT - structural analysis programCLT preliminary estimate tablesEarthquakes
Project management and transportCLT order processingTransportTerms of transportTender text
MachiningMachining options
Reference buildings
Notes
Product information
Product information
C L T C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S 04/2012
Use Primarily as a wall, ceiling and roof panel in homes and other buildings
Maximum width 2.95 m
Maximum length 16.00 m
Maximum thickness 40 cm
Layer structure Bonded, cross-laminated single-layer panels
Wood species Spruce (middle layers can contain pine; larch and pine as cover layer on request)
Grade of lamellas C24 (in accordance with the technical approval 10 % to strength class C16 allowed; other grades on request)
Moisture content 12% ± 2%
Bonding adhesive Formaldehyde-free adhesives for edge bonding, finger jointing and surface bonding
Surface quality Non-visible quality, industrial visible quality and visible quality; the surface is always sanded
Weight 5.0 kN/m³ in accordance with DIN 1055-1:2002, for structural analyses; for ascertaining transport weight: approx. 470 kg/m³
Change in shape with change in moisture content
Swelling and shrinkage in accordance with DIN 1052:2008 below the fibre saturation level:
� In the panel layer: 0.02% change in length for each 1% change in timber moisture content
� Perpendicular to the panel layer: 0.24% change in length for each 1% change in timber moisture content
Fire rating In accordance with Commission Decision 2003/43/EC:
� Timber components apart from floors � Euroclass D-s2, d0
� Floors � Euroclass Dfl-s1
Water vapour diffusion resistance µµµµ According to EN 12524 � 20 to 50
Thermal conductivity λλλλ According to the SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden’s expert opinion of 10.07.2009 � 0.11 W/(mK)
Specific heat capacity cp According to EN 12524 � 1600 j/(kgK)
Airtightness CLT panels are made of single-layer panels and are therefore extremely airtight. The airtightness of a 3-layer CLT panel and of panel joints has been tested to EN 12 114 where it was found that that the volumetric rates of flow were outside the measurable range.
Service class/usability According to EN 1995-1-1, can be used in service classes 1 and 2
Product information
C L T S T A N D A R D D E S I G N S 04/2012
* Cover layers consisting of 2 lengthwise layers ** Cover layers and inner layer consisting of 2 lengthwise layers Status: 04/2012
Width (Charged widths): 245 cm, 275 cm, 295 cm Length (Production lengths): From minimum production length of 8.00 m per charged width up to max. 16.00 m (in 10 cm increments).
C panels
Nominal thickness
[mm]
Designation [—]
Layers [—]
Lamella structure [mm]
C L C L C L C 60 C3s 3 20 20 20
C3s
C5s
80 C3s 3 30 20 30 90 C3s 3 30 30 30 100 C3s 3 30 40 30 120 C3s 3 40 40 40 100 C5s 5 20 20 20 20 20 120 C5s 5 30 20 20 20 30 140 C5s 5 40 20 20 20 40 160 C5s 5 40 20 40 20 40
L panels
Nominal thickness
[mm]
Designation [—]
Layers [—]
Lamella structure [mm]
L C L C L C L 60 L3s 3 20 20 20
L3s
L5s
L5s-2*
L7s
L7s-2*
L8s-2**
80 L3s 3 30 20 30 90 L3s 3 30 30 30 100 L3s 3 30 40 30 120 L3s 3 40 40 40 100 L5s 5 20 20 20 20 20 120 L5s 5 30 20 20 20 30 140 L5s 5 40 20 20 20 40 160 L5s 5 40 20 40 20 40 180 L5s 5 40 30 40 30 40 200 L5s 5 40 40 40 40 40 160 L5s-2* 5 60 40 60 180 L7s 7 30 20 30 20 30 20 30 200 L7s 7 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 240 L7s 7 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 220 L7s-2* 7 60 30 40 30 60 240 L7s-2* 7 80 20 40 20 80 260 L7s-2* 7 80 30 40 30 80 280 L7s-2* 7 80 40 40 40 80 300 L8s-2** 8 80 30 80 30 80 320 L8s-2** 8 80 40 80 40 80
Length Width
Length Width
Product information
P A N E L S T R U C T U R E 04/2012
CLT solid wood panels are made up of bonded single-layer panels arranged at right angles to one another. The max. production width is 2.95 m and the max. production length 16.00 m.
Example: structure of a 5-layer CLT solid wood panel
narrow-side bond
flat dovetailing
narrow-side bond
surface bond
max. 16.00 m
max. 2.95 m
+
+
+
+
Product information
S U R F A C E Q U A L I T Y 04/2012
CHARACTERISTICS
Machining – chainsaw not permitted permitted permitted
Resin galls
VI IVI NVI
occasional open joints up to max. 1 mm width permitted
occasional open joints up to max. 2 mm width permitted
occasional open joints up to max. 3 mm width permitted
permitted
max. 10 x 90 mm permitted
Bonding
Blue stains not permittedslight discolouration
permittedpermitted
Discolorations (brown stains, etc.)
not permitted
permitted
Knots – sound permitted permitted permitted
Bark ingrowth
Dry cracksoccasional surfacecracks permitted
permitted
permitted
Rough edges not permitted not permitted max. 2 x 50 cm
Knots – black max. 1.5 cm Ø max. 3 cm Ø permitted
Knots – hole
occasional occurrencespermitted
occasional occurrencespermitted
Quality of surface finishoccasional small faults
permittedoccasional faults
permitted
Insect damage not permitted
Core – pithoccasional, up to 40 cm
long permittedpermitted
permitted
Rework edge ofcut with sandpaper
yes no no
Chamfer on L panels yes no
occasional small holesup to 2 mm permitted
not permitted permitted
occasional faults permitted
no
Surface quality appearance grade/Product characteris tics
Surface 100% sanded 100% sanded max. 10% of surface rough
Wood moisture
no knot clusters, max. 5 x 50 mm
Timber species mixture not permitted not permitted
max. 11% max. 15%
not permitted
max. 1 cm Ø max. 2 cm Ø
max. 15%
permitted withspruce/silver fir, pine
Quality of narrow side bonding and face ends
occasional small faults permitted
occasional faultspermitted
occasional faultspermitted
Lamella width ≤ 130 mm max. 230 mm max. 230 mm
VI Visible quality
IVI Industrial Visible quality
NVI Non-Visible quality
Product information
Q U A L I T Y D E S C R I P T I O N S 04/2012
Stora Enso offers three different CLT single-layer panel qualities:
NVI Non-visible quality IVI Industrial visible quality VI Visible quality
The three different single-layer panel qualities are available with the following CLT surface qualities: NVI quality description
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
INV quality description IVI (Industrial visible quality) …………………………..
NVI (Non-visible quality) …………………………..
NVI (Non-visible quality) …………………………..
VI quality description
VI (Visible quality) ………………………………
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
Product information
Q U A L I T Y D E S C R I P T I O N S 04/2012
BVI quality description
VI (Visible quality) ………………………………
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
VI (Visible quality) ………………………………
IBI quality description IVI (Industrial visible quality) ………………………………
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
IVI (Industrial visible quality) ………………………………
IVI quality description
VI (Visible quality) ………………………………
NVI (Non-visible quality) ………………………………
IVI (Industrial visible quality) ………………………………
Overview
Cover layer NVI VI VI IVI IVI VI
Quality description NVI VI BVI INV IBI IVI
Cover layer NVI NVI VI NVI IVI IVI
Product information
A P P R O V A L S 04/2012
National technical approval (DIBt)
The German Institute for Structural Engineering (DIBt), Germany’s ap-proval body, awards national technical approvals for building products and building techniques. The national technical approval regulates the manufacture and use of CLT and is the basis for the Ü symbol—the German mark of conformity.
European Technical Approval (ETA)
ETA regulates the manufacture and use of CLT in Europe and is the basis for the CE mark.
PEFC
PEFC—Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes—is the mark for wood and paper products from environmentally, economically and socially sustainable forestry operations along the entire processing chain.
For customers, the PEFC mark confirms that the purchase of a marked product guarantees and supports environmentally sound forestry manage-ment. The mark guarantees that the product has been subject to monitoring in ac-cordance with rigorous criteria, from the forest to the end product. Evidence of compliance is provided by Stora Enso and is regularly checked by inde-pendent bodies.
Product information
G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N 04/2012
Assembly
To assemble the CLT product safely and without causing damage, utmost care must be taken during assembly. During assembly, pay particular attention to the following points:
� Use appropriate hoisting and rigging gear for the product.
� In the case of large cut-outs (e.g. windows), pay attention to stability/bracing requirements (danger of buckling during lifting).
� Take care not to damage sensitive areas such as edges, visible sides, etc.
� Protect from dirt (for example, cover VI/IVI panels with aluminium foil or cardboard). � Protect CLT from the effects of weather and from coming into contact with water.
� Take the necessary steps to ensure fire protection and sound insulation (standards).
� Only use CLT for service class I and II applications. It should be pointed out that directly exposing CLT to the weather or to constant, extremely high levels of humidity is not permitted or is at the user’s risk.
� Instruct all other crews involved in the building project and refer them to our website: www.clt.info. Swelling and shrinkage processes
Wood absorbs moisture and releases it again according to the relative humidity and temperature of the air.
� Swelling (undulating surface): Humidity levels are too high, e.g.: due to moisture in the building from concrete, floor screeds, etc. Should be avoided at all costs. However, this levels out again to some extent as soon as the original equilibrium mois-ture content is re-established by means of dehumidification or careful heating. With CLT, which is made from the natural material of wood, the recommended optimum humidity is between 40 and 60%.
� Shrinkage cracks (cracked surface): Humidity levels are too low, e.g. high indoor temperature during the heating period, domestic ventilation, etc. Should be avoided. However, this levels out again to some extent as soon as the original equilibrium mois-ture content can be re-established by means of air humidification. This can also be achieved by air humidifi-ers, indoor fountains, plants, etc.
Shrinkage cracks or open joints have no impact on CLT’s load-bearing capacity or structural and physical proper-ties. These are not defects of the solid wood product, CLT. Due to the natural properties of wood, tensions may develop in the cross-laminated timber, causing stress cracks to appear during initial periods of use. Changes in surface colour
The UV element of natural light causes darkening and yellowing of the surface of spruce. Therefore, it is im-portant not to wait too long before carrying out any necessary reworking (e.g. sanding) as otherwise this could result in a patchy overall finish. When assembling visible quality panels, care must be taken to ensure that they are not partially covered to prevent uneven darkening.
Surface treatment
In principle, paints and coatings suitable for wood can also be used for CLT. For more information about CLT, visit our website: www.clt.info.
Construction
Construction
G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N 04/2012
The information below provides an example of Stora Enso’s construction proposals
A Shell construction
Plinth/Wall anchorage
Wall joint
Lintel
Ceiling
“Ground floor wall – ceiling – top floor wall” connecting nodes
Roof
Cantilever/coat
B Layer structure
External walls
Internal walls
Floor structure
Slab (underside)
Roof
Party wall
Building partition wall
C Details
Plinth/Wall anchorage
Window connection
Door joint
Cantilever
Pitched roof
Flat roof
Electric installation
Sanitary installation
Fireplace
Stairs
D Other applications
Industrial and commercial buildings
Multi-storey residential buildings
Building extensions
Structural engineering
Constructions or structures must be tested separately and calculated on a case by case basis with re-gard to the structural analysis, building physics and feasibility. The actual professional implementation is the responsibility of the crews authorised to perform the work.
A_Shell construction
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
seal against rising damp
vertical seal
mortar bed
CLT wall board
wall anchoring(according to structural analysis)
foundation
1 Base and wall anchoring1.1 Base with mortar bed
Execution
• The CLT board can be installed on a dry or wet mortar bed for tolerance compensation (full surface contact). The CLT must be protected against rising damp using a suitable damp-proof seal.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• When fitting the wall anchoring (tensile and shear forces), the permissible edge distances for the connectors must be observed.
Illustration
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
seal against rising damp
sill plate
CLT wall board
wall anchoring(according to structural analysis)
foundation
joint-sealing tape
Execution
• The CLT wall board must be sealed to the previously installed sill plate (e.g. larch) with joint-sealing tape. The sill plate in turn must be protected against damp rising from the foundation.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• When fitting the wall anchoring (tensile and shear forces), the permissible edge distances for the connectors must be observed.
Illustration
1.2 Base with sill plate
vertical seal
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
sill plate anchorage(according to structural
analysis)seal against rising damp
CLT wall board
wall anchoring(according to structural analysis)
foundation
Execution
• The CLT wall board must be sealed to the previously installed sill plate (e.g. larch) with joint-sealing tape. The sill plate in turn must be protected against damp rising from the foundation.
• A raised sill plate enables a small but often necessary increase in the wall height from 2,950 mm to approx. 3,050 mm.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• When fitting the wall anchoring (tensile and shear forces), the permissible edge distances for the connectors must be observed.
Illustration
1.3 Base with raised sill plate
joint-sealing tape
vertical seal
sill plate
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
mortar bed
CLT wall board
wall anchoring(according to structural analysis)
foundation
Execution
• The CLT board can be installed on a dry or wet mortar bed for tolerance compensation (full surface contact). The CLT must be protected against rising damp using a suitable damp-proof seal.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• When fitting the wall anchoring (tensile and shear forces), the permissible edge distances for the connectors must be observed.
Illustration
1.4 Concrete base (mortar bed)
seal against rising damp
vertical seal
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
seal against rising damp
CLT wall board
wall anchoring(according to structural analysis)
foundation
sill plate anchorage(according to structural
analysis)
Execution
• The CLT wall board must be sealed to the previously installed sill plate (e.g. larch) with joint-sealing tape. The sill plate in turn must be protected against damp rising from the foundation.
• In the case of wall anchorings, as shown in the picture on the left, please note that costs will be higher because of the hori-zontal and vertical loads that have to be absorbed.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• When screwing the CLT board to the sill plate, the permis-sible edge distances for the connectors must be observed.
Illustration
1.5 Concrete base (sill plate)
vertical seal
sill plate
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
CLT
wal
l boa
rd
CLT
wal
l boa
rd
CLT wall board
3. If alternatives 1 and 2 cannot be used, the boards must be joined horizontally. (see details under 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5)
CLT ceiling board
maximum wall height 2,950 mm(3,950 mm on request)
WALL JOINTS:
1. CLT wall boards should preferably be full-storey height (no joints).
vertical wall joint
horizontal wall joint
CLT ceiling board
2. If the walls are higher than 2,950 mm or if extra-wide boards (requiring special transport) are to be avoided, the wall boards can be joined vertically. (see details under 2.6 and 2.7)
2 Wall jointsBasic design rules
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall board
joint bonding with suitable adhesive tape (variant)
joint-sealing tape
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
Execution
• To achieve the required airtightness in a building, the joints of the CLT boards can, apart from joint-sealing tape, alterna-tively be sealed with suitable adhesive tape on the inside and outside of the boards.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The screw connection at the corner joint must be made either purely constructionally (screw at 90°) or in a structur-ally effective way (slanted end-grain screwing) .
Illustration
2.1 Corner joint
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
joint-sealing tape
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
Execution
• If the individual rooms in the building are required to be airtight, the joints of the CLT boards must be sealed with joint-sealing tape.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The screw connection at the T-joint must be made either purely constructionally (screw at 90°) or in a structurally effective way (slanted end-grain screwing) .
Illustration
2.2 T-joint
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall board
clearance
butt board
joint-sealing tape
joint-sealing tape
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
butt board
clearance
The joints shown have only limited torque rigidity!
(second rebate may require double-sided machining)
Execution
• When using butt boards (e.g. 3-layer board or laminated veneer lumber), the standard rebate dimensions of 27 × 80 mm should preferably be ensured.
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• In the case of wall joints with rebated butt boards please note that the end-grain surface of the CLT boards becomes smaller as a result of the rebate (surface pressure).
Illustration
2.3 Horizontal wall joint (butt board)
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tapeif required, also as an additional support for joists, rafters and purlins (surface pressure)
screw connection(according to structural
analysis)
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• If positioned appropriately, an interior wall can also assume the function of the wall post shown in the drawing.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The vertical wall post can serve as an additional support for, for example, joists or purlins (higher surface pressure).
Illustration
vertical wall post in the insulation layer(note risk of buckling)
2.4 Horizontal wall joint (butt jointing)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
butt board
Execution
• When external butt boards are used (e.g. 3-layer plate or laminated veneer lumber), the subsequent layer structure must be adapted to them.
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• With this type of CLT wall board connection in particular the danger of buckling must be taken into account.
• The joint can also be adhesively bonded to enhance its rigidity.
connection to wall board (nails, screws, staples), according to structural analysis
2.5 Horizontal wall joint (external butt boards)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The design must provide sufficient clearance (on one side), depending on the installation situation.
• Make allowance for joint-sealing tape in the rebate height, if necessary.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• If high shear force transmission at the joint cannot be avoided, the connectors must be specifically dimensioned and positioned as these forces require.
Illustration
screw connection when high shear force is transmitted at joint(according to structural analysis)
2.6 Vertical wall joint (lap)
CLT wall board
clearance
screw connection purely constructional(according to structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• When using butt boards (e.g. 3-layer board or laminated veneer lumber), the standard rebate dimensions of 27 × 80 mm should preferably be ensured.
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Instead of using screws, the butt board can be connected to the CLT wall boards with suitable glue which improves the transmission of the shear forces.
Illustration
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
2.7 Vertical wall joint (butt board)
clearance
butt board
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall boardwindow opening
Execution
• If the lintel height is not sufficient from a structural engi-neering standpoint, there must be an appropriately dimen-sioned upstand from which the lintel can be suspended. If a wall above the lintel is used as an upstand, it is essential to take account of the sill height of any window openings.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The lintel can be connected to the upstand (upper wall) with, for example, perforated metal plates or screws (end-grain screwing should be avoided in this case).
continuous lintel
3 Lintels3.1 Continuous lintel
CLT wall board
window opening
sill heightCLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT wall board
window opening
Execution
• An engaged lintel must be dimensioned according to the loads and forces acting on it.
• Attention must be paid to the surface pressure in the lintel support area.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• CLT lintels absorb and transmit shear forces significantly better than glulam lintels. This is because of the lack of transverse layers in glulam.
engaged lintel (glulam)
3.2 Engaged lintel
CLT wall board
window opening
engaged lintel (CLT)
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT ceiling board
joint-sealing tape
Execution
• When using butt boards at ceiling joints (e.g. OSB, 3-layer board or laminated veneer lumber), the standard rebate dimensions of 27 × 80 mm should preferably be ensured.
• Joint-sealing tape must be used if necessary to make the connection airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Appropriately sized nails, screws or staples can be used as connectors (note permissible minimum diameter).
Illustration
fastenings(according to structural analysis)
4 Ceiling4.1 Ceiling joint (butt board)
clearance
butt board
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used if necessary to make the connection airtight.
• The design must provide sufficient clearance (on one side), depending on the installation situation.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• If high shear flow can be expected at the joint, the connec-tors must be dimensioned and positioned accordingly.
Illustration
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
4.2 Ceiling joint (lap)
screw connection under high shear flow(according to structural analysis)
joint-sealing tape joint-sealing tape
CLT ceiling board CLT ceiling board
clearance clearance
CLT ceiling board CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
static system:
joint-sealing tape
screw connection for shear force transmission at the joint(according to structural analysis)
4.3 Ceiling joint (structural analysis, transverse tension)
screw connection to increase transverse tension (according to structural analysis)
static system:
CLT ceiling board
clearance
CLT ceiling board
CLT ceiling board
clearance
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
joint-sealing tape
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used if necessary to make the connection airtight.
• The design must provide sufficient clearance, depending on the installation situation.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Depending on the static system, fully threaded screws must be used in order to secure effective lateral force connections at the joint and the point of support.
Illustration
screw connection to increase transverse tension(according to structural analysis)
screw connection to joist(according to structural analysis)
joist
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
CLT ceiling board
steel girder as a joist(under the ceiling)
4.4 Steel joist
CLT ceiling board
CLT ceiling board(clearance to steel girder)
CLT ceiling board(clearance to steel girder)
gypsum cardboard / gypsum fibreboard
steel girder as a joist(rebated at top and bottom)
screw connection(according to
structural analysis)
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
steel girder as a joist(rebated at bottom, not rebated at top)
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
screw connection (according to structural analysis)
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be inserted or other tape bonded if necessary to make the connection airtight.
• To ensure trouble-free assembly, CLT ceiling boards must have sufficient clearance because of the cross-section of steel girders.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• In the case of specific fire protection requirements, metal joists must be clad or coated with special paint.
Illustration
derived timber board(joist cladding)
steel girder as a joist(rebated at top and bottom)
CLT ceiling board(clearance to steel girder)
depending on rebate dimensionsor to protect against transverse tension
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
joist (glulam)
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used if necessary to make the connection airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
Illustration
4.5 Wooden joist
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
screw connection(according to structural analysis) CLT ceiling board
CLT ceiling board
joist (glulam)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
joist (glulam)
Execution
• A suitable adhesive tape (joint bonding) must be used if necessary to make the structure airtight.
• The design must provide sufficient clearance, depending on the installation situation.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• If necessary, the support surface in the wall board must be reinforced with a metal plate and fully threaded screws (pressure).
Illustration
4.6 Joist (wall cut-out)
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
reinforce support, if necessary (surface pressure)
suitable adhesive tape(airtight)
clearance
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• The design must provide sufficient clearance, depending on the installation situation.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
Illustration
4.7 Joist (column)
column(joist support)
joist (glulam)
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• The design must provide sufficient clearance, depending on the installation situation.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
4.8 Joist (beam holder)
slotted plate and dowel pins(according to structural analysis)
joist (glulam)
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• The design must provide sufficient clearance, depending on the installation situation.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Appropriate beam holders must be used which correspond to the dimensions of the joists.
Illustration
joist fastened with concealed beam holder(according to structural analysis)
joist (glulam)
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
joist bearer
joist bearer
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used if necessary to make the connection airtight.
• To ensure airtightness of the CLT wall board, it is essential to preserve its middle layer (rebate area).
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Please note: Rebating reduces the support surface at the joint; additionally, the joist bearer can shrink, which would make load transfer impossible (surface pressure).
4.9 Joist bearer
rebate(preserving middle layer)
further ceiling structure
further ceiling structure
ceiling beam
ceiling beam
joint-sealing tape
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
ceiling beam(glulam)
Execution
• Deflection (serviceability check) of the ceiling board must be taken into account (centre distance of the beams and dimensions of the ceiling).
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
Illustration
4.10 Wooden beam ceiling
CLT ceiling board
screw connection (according to structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
rib (glulam)
Execution
• Deflection (serviceability check) of the ceiling board must be taken into account (centre distance of the ribs and dimen-sions of the ceiling).
• Structural connection between the ribs and ceiling by means of screwing or gluing.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Ceiling (with span direction parallel to that of the ribs) can be included in the structural analysis or can be estimated.
Illustration
4.11 Ribbed ceiling
CLT ceiling boardscrew connection
(according to structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
joint bonding with suitable adhesive tape
(variant)
Execution
• To achieve the required airtightness in a building, the joints of the CLT boards can, apart from joint-sealing tape, alterna-tively be sealed with suitable adhesive tape on the inside and outside of the boards.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Wall anchoring for structurally effective connection between wall and ceiling (shear and tensile forces).
• Screw connection of T-joint from inside or outside.
Illustration
5 “Lower floor wall – ceiling – upper floor wall” connection node
5.1 Platform framing
screw connection of T-joint(according to structural
analysis)CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
wall-to-ceiling screw connection(according to structural analysis)
wall anchoring(according to structural analysis)
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
joint bonding with suitable adhesive tape
(variant)
Execution
• To achieve the required airtightness in a building, the joints of the CLT boards can, apart from joint-sealing tape, alterna-tively be sealed with suitable adhesive tape on the inside and outside of the boards.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Wall anchoring for structurally effective connection between wall and ceiling (shear forces in wall direction; tensile and compressive forces from wind load).
Illustration
wall-to-ceiling screw connection(according to structural analysis)
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
wall anchoring(according to structural analysis)
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• In the case of specific fire protection requirements, the angle bracket on which the ceiling board rests must be clad.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
5.2 Balloon framing
CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape angle bracket as a support
(rating according to structural analysis)
angle bracket as a support(rating according to structural analysis)
CLT ceiling board
clearance
joint-sealing tape
CLT ceiling board
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
screw connection (according to structural analysis)
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• Note edge distances of screw connection.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The screw connection between the roof and wall boards absorbs shear forces acting in the direction of the point of support and suction forces from the wind load.
Illustration
6 Roof6.1 CLT roof structure (eaves laths)
CLT roof board
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
eaves lath
screw connection (according to structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• Only the CLT wall board needs a bevelled edge, with the CLT roof board forming the roof projection and soffit.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The screw connection between the roof and wall boards absorbs shear forces acting in the direction of the point of support and suction forces from the wind load.
Illustration
6.2 CLT roof structure (butted against wall board)
CLT roof board
screw connection (according to structural analysis) CLT wall board
joint-sealing tape
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The CLT wall board has a straight edge requiring a bird-smouth to be machined in the roof board (please note that the birdsmouth must not be too deep, otherwise it might weaken the lower longitudinal layer).
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The screw connection between the roof and wall boards absorbs shear forces acting in the direction of the point of support and suction forces from the wind load.
Illustration
6.3 CLT roof structure (birdsmouth joint)
CLT roof board
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
joint-sealing tape
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• Sufficient clearance must be provided in the rafter cut-outs in the wall.
• Depending on requirements, joint-sealing tape or exterior adhesive tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The screw connection between the rafters and CLT wall board absorbs the suction forces of the wind.
Illustration
6.4 Rafter roof (rafter cut-outs in the wall board)
rafter
clearance
CLT wall board
screw connection (according to
structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• When purlin extensions are attached, they must reach at least as far as the first rafter inside the gable wall.
• Depending on requirements, joint-sealing tape or exterior adhesive tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• The screw connection between the rafters and CLT wall board or purlin extension absorbs the suction forces of the wind.
Illustration
6.5 Rafter roof (birdsmouth in rafter)
joint-sealing tape
purlin extensionCLT wall board
screw connection (according to
structural analysis)
rafter
CLT wall board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• The prescribed support point widths and areas must be observed.
• Ensure that the birdsmouth is sufficiently deep, based on the structure of the roof board (number of layers).
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
Illustration
6.6 Ridge (with purlin)
CLT roof board
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
ridge purlin
joint-sealing tape
clearance(between CLT roof boards)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structure airtight.
• The roof is fitted with the aid of falsework.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• In this case, the screw connection of the CLT roof boards can mainly absorb and transmit shear forces.
Illustration
6.7 Ridge (without purlin) in folded-plate structures
CLT roof board CLT roof board
screw connection(according to structural
analysis)screw connection
(according to structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• The screw connection between the ceiling boards and the upstand depends on the forces acting. The choice is between fully threaded screws and partly threaded flat-head screws.
• When using partly threaded flat-head screws ensure that the head is buried.
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
7 Cantilever/upstand7.1 Wooden upstand
CLT ceiling board upstand (glulam)
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Execution
• In this case, fully threaded and partly headed screws can be used for the screw connection. As the screwing is carried out from above, steel beams of low cross-sectional height must be provided with holes in the upper flange (through which screws can be inserted).
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
7.2 Steel upstand
CLT ceiling boardupstand (steel girder)
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
sill height
Execution
• When using upper-floor wall boards as upstands (for attaching the ceiling above), window openings and their sill height must be taken into account.
• Use metal plates and fully threaded screws to transmit forces from end grain to end grain (pressure).
• The choice and rating of the connectors and all structural components depend on the structural requirements.
• Cantilever ceilings must be connected to upper wall boards with closely spaced, fully threaded screws.
7.3 Wall as an upstand
CLT wall board
CLT wall board
screw connection(according to structural analysis)
wall functions as an upstand
Please note: If the wall has a window opening in this position, it can no longer be used as a cantilever and a support for other walls.
metal plate(reinforcement of support point)
CLT ceiling board
ConstructionFRAME CONSTRUCTION 04/2012
Illustration
B_Layer structure
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Heavy façades (material weight and wind load) must bestructurallyanalysedandthebattenssizedaccordingly.
• Ensureadequateaircirculation(battens).
• The windtight and watertight layer must be appropriatelydesignedtotakeaccountoftheexecutionofthefaçade.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
woodenbatten(intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer)
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– insulation(mineralwool)– verticalseal(forwindtightness)– battens– horizontalwallcladding
CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
joint-sealingtape
1 External wall1.1 Insulation with mineral wool
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Heavy façades (material weight and wind load) must bestructurallyanalysedandthebattenssizedaccordingly.
• Ensureadequateaircirculation(battens).
• The windtight and watertight layer must be appropriatelydesignedtotakeaccountoftheexecutionofthefaçade.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– insulation(softboard)– insulation(softboard)– verticalseal(forwindtightness)– battensandcounterbattens– verticalwallcladding
1.2 Insulation with softboard
CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
joint-sealingtape
battens(intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Splash-waterareasmustbeconstructedinaccordancewiththerequirements(XPSinsulation).
• Thestructural-physicalpropertiesof theplastercoatmustbematchedtothewallstructure.
• Suitable profile sections must be used to protect plasteredges.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– insulation(softboard)– insulation(softboard)– plaster(incl.base)
CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Heavy façades (material weight and wind load) must bestructurallyanalysedandthebattenssizedaccordingly.
• Ensureadequateaircirculation(battens).
• The windtight and watertight layer must be appropriatelydesignedtotakeaccountoftheexecutionofthefaçade.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– insulation(cellulose)– insulation(softboard)– verticalseal(forwindtightness)– battens– horizontalwallcladding
1.3 Insulation with cellulose
CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
joint-sealingtape
I-beam(intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Splash-waterareasmustbeconstructedinaccordancewiththerequirements(XPSinsulation).
• Thestructural-physicalpropertiesof theplastercoatmustbematchedtothewallstructure.
• Suitable profile sections must be used to protect plasteredges.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– insulation(cellulose)– insulation(softboard)– plaster(incl.base)
I-beam(intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer)
CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Splash-waterareasmustbeconstructedinaccordancewiththerequirements(XPSinsulation).
• Apartfromitspriceadvantage,EPSinsulationanditssuita-bility in combination with wooden constructions must beviewedcritically intermsoftheenvironment,soundinsula-tion,impermeabilityetc.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
insulationdowelorinsulationnail
(fasteningaccordingto
ETICSmanufacturers)
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– insulation(expandedpolystyrene)– plaster(incl.base)
1.4 EPS insulation
CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• If the individual rooms in the building are required to beairtight, the joints of theCLTboardsmust be sealedwithjoint-sealingtape.
• With visible CLT boards a distinction is made betweensingle-sideanddouble-sideexposure.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
wallanchoring(accordingtostructural
requirement)
Structure:
– CLTwallboard
joint-sealingtape
2 Internal wall2.1 CLT in visible quality
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• If the individual rooms in the building are required to beairtight, the joints of theCLTboardsmust be sealedwithjoint-sealingtape.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
2.2 Direct facing
wallanchoring(accordingtostructural
requirement)
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• If the individual rooms in the building are required to beairtight, the joints of theCLTboardsmust be sealedwithjoint-sealingtape.
• In the case of specific fire protection requirements, CLTboardsarefacedwithadoublelayerofgypsumcardboardorgypsumfibreboard.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
2.3 Double facing
wallanchoring(accordingtostructural
requirement)
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• If the individual rooms in the building are required to beairtight, the joints of theCLTboardsmust be sealedwithjoint-sealingtape.
• Theservicecavitysecuresacertainimprovementinsoundinsulation but has disadvantages with regard to moisturecontrolandheatstorage.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– battens,insulation(betweenbattens)
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
2.4 Insulation panel (battens)
wallanchoring(accordingtostructural
requirement)
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• If the individual rooms in the building are required to beairtight, the joints of theCLTboardsmust be sealedwithjoint-sealingtape.
• Theservicecavitysecuresacertainimprovementinsoundinsulation but has disadvantages with regard to moisturecontrolandheatstorage.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
insulationstrip(betweenCLTandbattens)
Structure:
– CLTwallboard– battens(onspringclips),insulation(betweenbattens)
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
2.5 Insulation panel (spring clips)
wallanchoring(accordingtostructural
requirement)
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Theentirefloorstructuremustalwaysbedesignedaccordingto the mass-spring-mass principle (sound insulationcapacity).
• Do not forget the screed edge strips (to prevent indirectsoundtransmission).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
screededgestrip
Structure:
– screed– separatinglayer– impactsoundinsulation– fill(gravel)– trickleprotection(optional)– CLTceilingboard
3 Floor structure3.1 Wet screed
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Theentirefloorstructuremustalwaysbedesignedaccordingto the mass-spring-mass principle (sound insulationcapacity).
• Do not forget the screed edge strips (to prevent indirectsoundtransmission).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– screed(underfloorheating)– separatinglayer– impactsoundinsulation– fill(gravel)– trickleprotection(optional)– CLTceilingboard
screededgestrip
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Theentirefloorstructuremustalwaysbedesignedaccordingto the mass-spring-mass principle (sound insulationcapacity).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– dryscreedseparatinglayer– impactsoundinsulation– fill(gravel)– trickleprotection(optional)– CLTceilingboard
3.2 Dry screed
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Theentirefloorstructuremustalwaysbedesignedaccordingto the mass-spring-mass principle (sound insulationcapacity).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– plasterboard– plasterboard– woodwoolboard– impactsoundinsulation– fill(gravel)– trickleprotection(optional)– CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Theentirefloorstructuremustalwaysbedesignedaccordingto the mass-spring-mass principle (sound insulationcapacity).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– OSB– woodwoolboard– separatinglayer– mineralwool– fill(gravel)– trickleprotection(optional)– CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTceilingboard
4 Ceiling (soffit)4.1 CLT in visible quality
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTceilingboard– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
4.2 Direct facing
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• A suspended ceiling secures a certain improvement insound insulationbuthasdisadvantageswithregardtotheCLTboard’smoisturecontrolandheatstoragecapability.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTceilingboard– battens(oninsulationstrips)– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
4.3 Insulation panel (battens)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• A suspended ceiling secures a certain improvement insound insulationbuthasdisadvantageswithregardtotheCLTboard’smoisturecontrolandheatstoragecapability.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTceilingboard– battens(fastenedwithspringclips)– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
4.4 Insulation panel (spring clips)
insulation(betweenbattens)
insulationstrip
springclip
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• A suspended ceiling secures a certain improvement insound insulationbuthasdisadvantageswithregardtotheCLTboard’smoisturecontrolandheatstoragecapability.
• Concealedroutingofservicesispossible.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– CLTceilingboard– cavity(services)– suspensionsystemwithceilingpanels
4.5 Suspended system
services
suspendedceilingpanels
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Iftheroofstructure issuitablydesignedandthelayersareconfigured in the right order (with their permeabilityincreasingfrominsidetooutside),avapourbarriermaybeomitted.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– (roofing)– battens– counterbattens– roofingmembrane– softboard(overrafters)– softboard(2 layers)– vapourbarrier(optional!)– CLTroofboard
5 Roof5.1 Steep roof insulated with softboard
vapourbarrier(optional!)
battensspacedaccordingtoroofing
rafter(fastenedas
structurallyrequired[securedagainstsuctionforces])
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Iftheroofstructure issuitablydesignedandthelayersareconfigured in the right order (with their permeabilityincreasingfrominsidetooutside),avapourbarriermaybeomitted.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– (roofing)– battens– counterbattens– roofingmembrane– softboard(overrafters)– celluloseinsulation– vapourbarrier(optional!)– CLTroofboard
5.2 Steep roof insulated with cellulose
battensspacedaccordingtoroofing
I-beam(intermediate
structureintheinsulationlayer)
vapourbarrier(optional!)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Iftheroofstructure issuitablydesignedandthelayersareconfigured in the right order (with their permeabilityincreasingfrominsidetooutside),avapourbarriermaybeomitted.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– (roofing)– battens– counterbattens– roofingmembrane– mineralwool– vapourbarrier(optional!)– CLTroofboard
5.3 Steep roof insulated with mineral wool
rafter(fastenedas
structurallyrequired[securedagainstsuctionforces])
battensspacedaccordingtoroofing
vapourbarrier(optional!)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Because of thePUR insulation’s physical properties (non-permeable)avapourbarriermustbefitted.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– (roofing)– battens– counterbattens– roofingmembrane– PURinsulation– vapourbarrier– CLTroofboard
5.4 Steep roof insulated with PUR
battensspacedaccordingtoroofing
vapourbarrier
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Thegravelfillservestokeeptheroofcladdinginplaceandalsotoprotectitagainstdirectsunlightwhichwouldreducethematerial’sdurability.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– fill(gravel)– roofingmembrane– taperedinsulation(EPS)– mineralwool– bitumensheet– CLTroofboard
5.5 Flat roof
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Thegravelfillservestokeeptheroofcladdinginplaceandalsotoprotectitagainstdirectsunlightwhichwouldreducethematerial’sdurability.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– grasspavers– fill(gravel)– roofingmembrane– taperedinsulation(EPS)– mineralwool– bitumensheet– CLTroofboard
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
Structure:
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard– battens(fastenedwithspringclips),insulation(betweenbattens)
– CLTwallboard– battens(fastenedwithspringclips),insulation(betweenbattens)
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
6 Partition wall within a home6.1 Systems with single CLT structure
insulationstrip(betweenCLTandbattensorspringclips)
springclip(soundinsulation)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
Structure:
– compositeelement(woodwoolboardwithdouble-sidedgypsumcardboardfacing)
– impactsoundinsulation– CLTwallboard– impactsoundinsulation– compositeelement(woodwoolboardwithdouble-sidedgypsumcardboardfacing)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
Structure:
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard– battens(fastenedwithspringclips),insulation(betweenbattens)
– CLTwallboard– impactsoundinsulation– CLTwallboard– battens(fastenedwithspringclips),insulation(betweenbattens)
– gypsumcardboard/gypsumfibreboard
6.2 Systems with double CLT structure
springclip(soundinsulation)
insulationstrip(betweenCLTandbattensorspringclips)
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
Structure:
– fire-protectionplasterboard– CLTwallboard– impactsoundinsulation– CLTwallboard– fire-protectionplasterboard
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Materialsortoolswhich,throughcarelessness,aredroppedintocavitiescanformasoundbridge.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– fire-protectionplasterboard– CLTwallboard– gypsumfibreboard(2 layers)– cavity– gypsumfibreboard(2 layers)– CLTwallboard– fire-protectionplasterboard
7 Building partition wall7.1 System without intermediate insulation
ConstructionLAYER STRUCTURES 04/2012
Execution
• Materialsortoolswhich,throughcarelessness,aredroppedintocavitiescanformasoundbridge.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Layerstructuresmustbematchedtotherequiredstructural-physicalpropertiesofthedesign.
Structure:
– fire-protectionplasterboard– CLTwallboard– gypsumfibreboard(2 layers)– mineralwool– cavity– gypsumfibreboard(2 layers)– CLTwallboard– fire-protectionplasterboard
7.2 System with intermediate insulation
C_Details
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• FullsurfacecontactoftheCLTwallboardmustbeensuredbymeansofamortarbed.
• The perimeter insulation up to plash-water level must beexecuted properly according to the claddingmaterial andtheprojectionoftheroof.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Whenfittingthewallanchoring(tensileandshearforces),thepermissible edge distances for the connectors must beobserved.
XPSperimeterinsulation(splash-waterlevel)
battens(intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer)
battens(ventilated)
wallanchoring(accordingtostructuralanalysis)
1 Base and wall anchoring1.1 Base with ventilated façade
verticalseal(windtightness)
battens
verticalwallcladding
CLTwallboard
foundation
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Connectionof theexternalwindowsill to the reveal (weakspot): with wooden façades an additional insulation layermustbeinstalledunderthewindowsillandverticallybondedattheside.Ifthefaçadeisplastered,specialmeasuresmustbetakenattheendcapofthewindowsill.Theconnectionbetweentheendcapandwindowsillmustbesealedwithbutyltapeandtheconnectionbetweentheendcapandtheplasterwith sufficiently thick sealing tape (because of theexpansionpropertiesoftheexternalwindowsill).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Mechanicalanchoringofthewindowsaccordingtomanu-facturer’sinstructionsandstructuralrequirements.
window-sealingtape
overlappinginsulationoftheframe
insulationdowelorinsulationnail
2 Window connection2.1 Installation with expanding foam
windowcasementwithglazing
windowframe
expandingfoam(PU)
CLTwallboard
plaster(incl.base)
externalwindowsill(withagradient)
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Connectionof theexternalwindowsill to the reveal (weakspot): with wooden façades an additional insulation layermustbeinstalledunderthewindowsillandverticallybondedattheside.Ifthefaçadeisplastered,specialmeasuresmustbetakenattheendcapofthewindowsill.Theconnectionbetweentheendcapandwindowsillmustbesealedwithbutyltapeandtheconnectionbetweentheendcapandtheplasterwith sufficiently thick sealing tape (because of theexpansionpropertiesoftheexternalwindowsill).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Mechanicalanchoringofthewindowsaccordingtomanu-facturer’sinstructionsandstructuralrequirements.
overlappinginsulationoftheframe
2.2 Installation with expanding foam tape
plaster(incl.base)
externalwindowsill(withagradient)
subframe(fastening)
windowcasementwithglazing
windowframe
expandingfoamtape
CLTwallboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Connectionof theexternalwindowsill to the reveal (weakspot): with wooden façades an additional insulation layermustbeinstalledunderthewindowsillandverticallybondedattheside.Ifthefaçadeisplastered,specialmeasuresmustbetakenattheendcapofthewindowsill.Theconnectionbetweentheendcapandwindowsillmustbesealedwithbutyltapeandtheconnectionbetweentheendcapandtheplasterwith sufficiently thick sealing tape (because of theexpansionpropertiesoftheexternalwindowsill).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Mechanicalanchoringofthewindowsaccordingtomanu-facturer’sinstructionsandstructuralrequirements.
• Theconnectionbetweenthewindow-sealingtapeandthewindtightinsulationlayermustbeexecutedaccordingtothemanufacturer’sspecificationsorcurrentstandards.
verticalseal(windtightness)
waterproofconnection
revealboard(sufficientclearancetoexternalwindowsill)
horizontalwallcladding
externalwindowsill(withagradient)
window-sealingtape
windowcasementwithglazing
windowframe(frameextension)
expandingfoamtape
CLTwallboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Connectionof theexternalwindowsill to the reveal (weakspot): with wooden façades an additional insulation layermustbeinstalledunderthewindowsillandverticallybondedattheside.Ifthefaçadeisplastered,specialmeasuresmustbetakenattheendcapofthewindowsill.Theconnectionbetweentheendcapandwindowsillmustbesealedwithbutyltapeandtheconnectionbetweentheendcapandtheplasterwith sufficiently thick sealing tape (because of theexpansionpropertiesoftheexternalwindowsill).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Mechanicalanchoringofthewindowsaccordingtomanu-facturer’sinstructionsandstructuralrequirements.
• Theconnectionbetweenthewindow-sealingtapeandthewindtightinsulationlayermustbeexecutedaccordingtothemanufacturer’sspecificationsorcurrentstandards.
multifunctionaljoint-sealingtape
(airtightontheinside,windtighton
theoutside,sound-absorbing)
verticalseal(windtightness)
waterproofconnection
2.3 Installation with multifunctional joint-sealing tape
revealboard(sufficientclearancetoexternalwindowsill)
connectionbetweenwallcladdingandrevealboard
Option 1:
Option 2:
battens(intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer)
verticalwallcladding
externalwindowsill(withagradient)
windowcasementwithglazing
windowframe
CLTwallboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Asuitabletransitionmustbeprovidedinthedoorareawhichtakesaccountofthefloorstructureoftheadjacentrooms.ThetransitionbetweendifferentfloorscanbeachievedbyfittingatransitionstriporaSchlüterthresholdstrip.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
expandingfoam(fastening)
transition(inthecaseofdifferentfloorlevels)
3 Door connection3.1 Internal door
joint-sealingtape
doorframeCLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structureairtight.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Theprojectingceilingmustbesuspendedwithfullythreadedscrews(sizedaccordingtostructuralanalysis).
verticalseal(windtightness)
4 Cantilever4.1 Cantilever with wooden façade
verticalwallcladding
verticalseal(windtightness) battens
(intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer)
cladding(soffit)
joint-sealingtape
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structureairtight.
• Theheightofthesubframeorthewindowframeextensiondependsonthefloorstructure.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
plaster(incl.base)
4.2 Cantilever with plastered façade
externalwindowsill
subframeorwindowframeextension(floorstructure)
joint-sealingtape
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Unlikecantileverceilingboards,projectingbalconyboardspreventtheformationofthermalbridges.
• If a continuous insulation layer is required, the supportbracketsmustbemountedonspacerblocks(ofthesamethicknessastheinsulation).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Thedimensionsofthebalconyboarddependonthestruc-turalrequirements.
balconyboard
4.3 Balcony board (supported)
columns
pointsofsupport
CLTwallboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Unlikecantileverceilingboards,projectingbalconyboardspreventtheformationofthermalbridges.
• If a continuous insulation layer is required, the supportbracketsmustbemountedonspacerblocks(ofthesamethicknessastheinsulation).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Thedimensionsofthebalconyboarddependonthestruc-turalrequirements.
• Pleasenotetheriskofthewallbuckling.
4.4 Balcony board (suspended)
suspensioncable
pointsofsupport
edgeprofile
CLTwallboard
balconyboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Waterisdirecteddownthetaperedinsulationintodrains.
• Thereisagutterwithemergencyoutflowsatbothendsforexcesswater.
• Protectionagainstsplashwaterappropriatetothedegreeofcoverofthebalconymustbeprovided.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
slopetothedrains
4.5 Balcony (timber planking on tapered insulation)
CLTceilingboard
CLTwallboard
crush-resistantmetalsheeting
windowelementwithsubframe
gutterwithcovergrille(emergencyoverflowsatbothendsofthebalcony)
– larchfloorgrille– battens– fill– seal– taperedinsulation– roofingmembrane(permeable)
– balconyboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• TheprojectingCLTroofboardformsthesoffit.
• Thevergeareabeyondthegablewalldoesnotneedtobeinsulated.
• Thevergeboardcanremainvisibleorbecoveredwithmetalsheeting,asrequired.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• WhensizingtheCLTroofboard,attentionmustbepaidtothelateralprojection.
battens
5 Steep roof5.1 Wall-to-roof connection (CLT roof projection)
counterbattens
CLTwallboard
vergeboard
vapourbarrier(optional!)
vergearea(notinsulated)roofingmembrane
CLTroofboard
rafter
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Theroofoverhangisconstructedwitheaveslaths(securedagainstsuctionforcesasperstructuralanalysis)andeavescladding.
• The softboard insulation over the rafters must be of thesame thickness as the eaves cladding to avoid forming arebateintherafterprojection.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• The counter battens must be fastened according to thepressureresistanceoftheinsulation.
battens
5.2 Wall-to-roof connection (eaves laths)
counterbattens
CLTwallboard
eaveslath
vapourbarrier(optional!)
plaster(incl.base)
roofingmembrane
CLTroofboard
eavescladding
softboard
insulation
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• The roof overhang is constructed with rafters (securedagainstsuctionforcesasperstructuralanalysis)andeavescladding.
• The softboard insulation over the rafters must be of thesame thickness as the eaves cladding to avoid forming arebateintherafterprojection.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• The connection between the vapour barrier andCLTwallboardmustbeairtight.
5.3 Wall-to-roof connection (rafter roof)
CLTwallboard
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard(fastenedtowidelyspacedbattens)
connectionofthevapourbarriertotheCLTwallboard
purlin
vapourbarrier
battens
counterbattens
roofingmembrane
eavescladding
rafter
plaster(incl.base)
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Iftheroofstructure issuitablydesignedandthelayersareconfigured in the right order (with their permeabilityincreasingfrominsidetooutside),avapourbarriermaybeomitted.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Joint-sealing tape must be used to make the structureairtight.
5.4 Ridge (with purlin)
clearance
vapourbarrier(optional!)
purlin
insulation
CLTroofboard
joint-sealingtape
battens
counterbattens
roofingmembrane
rafter
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Theremustbeacloseconnectionbetweentheroofwindowandtheroofingmembranewhenfittingthewindow.
• Thedesignoftheinnerrevealsdependsontheleveloflightincidencerequired.
• Revealmaterial:plasterboardorderivedtimberboard.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
5.5 Roof window
verticalreveal(lightincidence)
roofwindow
trimming(fasteningofroofwindow)
insulation
CLTroofboard
horizontalreveal(lightincidence)
battens
counterbattens
roofingmembrane
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Flatroofinsulationwithagradient.
• AnchorthefasciawalltotheCLTroofboard(asperstruc-turalanalysis).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
6 Flat roof6.1 CLT fascia structure
flatroofstructure(asrequired)
fasciacover
battens
intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer
verticalbondingoftheinsulation
CLTceilingboard
verticalseal(windtightness)
horizontalventilatedfaçade
CLTwallboard
thermalinsulation
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Flatroofinsulationwithagradient.
• Verticalwallpostsassumeastructuralfunctioninthefascia(dimensionsandfasteningasperstructuralanalysis).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
6.2 CLT fascia structure with wall post
flatroofstructure(asrequired)
fasciacover
battens
verticalwallpost(supportforthefasciastructure)
verticalbondingoftheinsulation
CLTceilingboard
verticalseal(windtightness)
horizontalventilatedfaçade
CLTwallboard
thermalinsulation
joint-sealingtape
derivedtimberboard(supportfortheverticalinsulation)
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• ThesoffitoftheCLTroofoverhangcanremainvisibleorbecoveredwithmetalsheeting,asrequired.
• Theedgingmustbeexecutedaccordingtotheslopeoftheroof.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• TheCLTprojectionmustbedimensionedaccordingtotheroofoverhang(cautionwithalateralprojection).
6.3 Projecting roof structure
flatroofstructure(asrequired)
anchoragetotheintermediatestructure(accordingtostructural
analysis)
CLTboardasaprojectingroof
structure
moistureseal
screwconnectiontoceiling
vapourbarrier
verticalseal(windtightness)
horizontalventilatedfaçade
CLTwallboard
thermalinsulation
joint-sealingtape
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• TheloadtransferfromtheroofstructuretotheCLTroofandwallboardsmustbetakenintoaccount.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
6.4 Flat roof connection (with a cold attic above)
derivedtimberboard(e.g.OSB)
battens
metalroofstructure
coldattic
flatroofstructure(asrequired)
rafter
verticalseal(windtightness)
verticalwallcladding
CLTwallboard
thermalinsulation
joint-sealingtape
CLTceilingboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• FinishforNVIboards(non-visiblequality).
• Crossmilling(atrightanglestothetoplayer)ispossibleonlytoa limitedextentandmustbecarriedout inaccordancewiththestructuralanalysis.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
7 Electrical installations7.1 Execution before wall cladding
wiring
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• FinishforNVIboards(non-visiblequality).
• Machining(slotmilling),forexamplewithCLTceilingboards,isonlypossibleinthedirectionofthetoplayer.Transverselayers must remain intact in order not to impair the loadcapacity.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
wiring
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
CLTceilingboard
airtightsealingrequired
machining(drillingandslot-milling)forceilingwiring(machiningalsofundamentallypossiblewithVIwallboards[visiblequality])
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• FinishforVIboards(visiblequality).
• Machining(drillingforcables)isonlypossiblefromthegrainendoftheCLTboard.
• Adjacent boresmust have aminimum centre distance of50mm.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
7.2 Execution with visible-quality CLT
wiring
visiblemilledrecessatfloorlevel
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
machining(drilling)forwiringdiameter:28mm
max.length:1,500mm
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• FinishforVIboards(visiblequality).
• Aslotismilledinthedoorreveal,latertobecoveredbythedoorframe,andaholeisdrilledfromtherevealtotheposi-tionoftheswitchorsocket.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
wiring
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
slotindoorreveal;drillholetoswitchposition
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
7.3 Lightning protection
Execution
• Lightningprotectionsystemsprotectpeopleandbuildingsfrom major damage. The external lightning protectionattractsthelightningcurrentandconductsitsafelyintotheground.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Thefasteningoftheservicesmustbesound-insulatedfromtheothercomponents.
• The support structure of the dummy wall must also besound-insulatedfromtheceilingandwallboards.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
8 Sanitary installations8.1 WC (dummy wall)
dummywallforWC
services
joint-sealingtape
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
supportstructure(e.g.OSB)
mountandconnectionsforWC
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Thefasteningoftheservicesmustbesound-insulatedfromtheothercomponents.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
8.2 Wash basin (preparation for connection)
servicecavity
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
connectionsforwashbasin
detachablepartofthedummywall(foranylaterconnectionwork)
services
joint-sealingtape
CLTwallboard
CLTceilingboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
8.3 Sanitary installations — wet room
Execution
• If joints between sanitary installations and other buildingcomponentsaresealedwithsilicone,theymustbecheckedregularlyandrenewed,ifnecessary.
• TilesmustbeseparatedfromCLTandplasterboardwithanadditionalinsulationlayerastilegroutingisnotwaterproof.
• Avoidpenetratingtheairtightlayerwhenroutingwiring.
• Thefasteningoftheservicesmustbesound-insulatedfromtheothercomponents.
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Whenusingafluebulkhead,makesurethatit isapprovedforwoodenstructures.
• Minimumdistancestofireplacesandfireprotectionrequire-mentsspecifiedbythemanufacturermustbeobserved.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Theinstallationmustalwaysbediscussedandagreeduponwiththeauthoritiesandchimneysweep.
9 Flue9.1 Stainless steel flue on the outside of the wall
exteriorstainlesssteelflue
exhaustairoutlet
joint-sealingtape
CLTwallboard
fluebulkhead
CLTceilingboard
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
sealingtape(asrequired)
fresh-airinlet(optional)
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Minimumdistancestofireplacesandfireprotectionrequire-mentsspecifiedbythemanufacturermustbeobserved.
• Theinstallationmustalwaysbediscussedandagreeduponwiththeauthoritiesandchimneysweep.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
9.2 Interior stainless steel flue
joint-sealingtape
CLTwallboard
connectionpoint
CLTceilingboard
interiorstainlesssteelflue
cleaningopening
condensateoutlet
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Minimumdistancestofireplacesandfireprotectionrequire-mentsspecifiedbythemanufacturermustbeobserved.
• Theinstallationmustalwaysbediscussedandagreeduponwiththeauthoritiesandchimneysweep.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
9.3 Masonry chimney
joint-sealingtape
CLTwallboard
CLTwallboard
connectionpoint
CLTceilingboard
CLTceilingboard
gypsumcardboard(2 layers)
insulation
chimneystones
cleaningopening
atleast50mmclearancefromflammablematerial(onallsides)
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• ThethreadsarescrewedorfastenedtotheCLTwallboard.
• Treadsandrisersareconnectedwithscrews.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
10 Stairs10.1 Screw connection to wall boards
CLTwallboard
CLTwallboard
CLTtread
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
solidwoodriser
screwconnectionofthetreadstothewallboard
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Thetreadsarefastenedwithbracketsorslottedplatesanddowelpins(variant)anchoredtotheCLTwallboard.
• Treadsmustbesound-insulatedinthecontactareawithanelasticintermediatelayer(e.g.sylomer).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
10.2 Fastening with bracket/slotted plate
CLTwallboard
CLTwallboard
stepfasteningwithslottedplatesanddowelpins(variant)
CLTriser
stepfasteningwithbrackets
CLTtread
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Thestairsareconstructedwithoutrisers.
• Thetreadsaremountedonspecialbearingelements(loadsmustbetakenintoaccount).
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
10.3 Supported by special bearing elements
CLTwallboard
CLTwallboard
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
specialbearingelementtosupportsteps
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
stoneinlay(inthesteppingarea)
CLTtread
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• Thestairsareconstructedwithoutrisers.
• Thetreadsarescrewedtostringersbelowthestoneinlaysinthesteppingarea.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
10.4 Supported by stringers
CLTtread
connectionwithslottedplatesanddowelpins
stringer(CLTorglulam)
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Execution
• The ramp rests on the ceiling boards, and the steps arescrewedtoitfromunderneath.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
10.5 Ramp
wedge-shapedsteps(CLT)
ramp(CLT)
ConstructionDETAILS 04/2012
Illustration
D_Further applications
ConstructionFURTHER APPLICATIONS 04/2012
Execution
• The CLT wall board and the column structure must beprotectedagainstrisingdampbymeansofsuitableseals.
• Heightadjustment(wood,metalormortar)mustbeprovidedbetweenthecolumnsandfoundation.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Dependingontherequirements,theforcesactingupontheCLTwallboardmustbetransferredtothecolumnsandfromthere to the solid structure (foundation) bymeans of fullythreadedscrews.
securingofthewallboardagainstsuctionforces(accordingtostructuralanalysis)
wallanchoring(accordingtostructuralanalysis)
CLTwallboard
column(CLTorglulam)
1 Industrial and commercial construction1.1 Wall anchoring
exteriorcladding
intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer
verticalseal(windtightness)
joint-sealingtapesillplate(larch)
sillplateanchorage(accordingto
structuralanalysis)steelbracket(totransfertheforcesactingintothefoundation)
foundation
ConstructionFURTHER APPLICATIONS 04/2012
Execution
• Whennecessary,joint-sealingtapemustbeusedbetweentheCLTwallandroofboardstomakethestructureairtight.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Thecorrecttransferofforcesfromtheroofboardtothewallboardmustbepossible.
CLTwallboard
1.2 “Wall-to-roof” connection node
screwconnectionbetweenthewallandthecolumns(accordingtostructuralanalysis)
beam
furtherroofstructureexteriorcladding
verticalseal(windtightness)
intermediatestructureintheinsulationlayer
ConstructionFURTHER APPLICATIONS 04/2012
Illustration
ConstructionFURTHER APPLICATIONS 04/2012
Execution
• Soundinsulationappropriatetothesoundproofingrequire-mentsmustbeprovidedforthevariouscomponents.
• Thefastenersmustbesound-insulatedfromtheframeworkwithsuitableelasticintermediatelayers.
• Theceilingmustbedesignedaccordingtothemass-spring-massprinciple.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Whencalculatingdimensions,therequiredstructural-phys-ical properties of such connection nodesmust alwaysbetakenintoaccount(e.g.thermal,soundandfireinsulation).
CLTwallboard
2 Multi-storey residential buildings2.1 “Lower floor wall – ceiling – upper floor wall” connection
node
floorstructure(asrequired)
wallanchoring(accordingto
structuralanalysis;sound-insulated)
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
gypsumcardboard /
gypsumfibreboard
elasticintermediatelayer(e.g.OSB)
CLTceilingboard
batten(fastenedonspringclips)
insulation
ConstructionFURTHER APPLICATIONS 04/2012
Execution
• Soundinsulationappropriatetothesoundproofingrequire-mentsmustbeprovidedforthevariouscomponents.
• Thefastenersmustbesound-insulatedfromtheframeworkwithsuitableelasticintermediatelayers.
• Theceilingmustbedesignedaccordingtothemass-spring-massprinciple.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
• Whencalculatingdimensions,therequiredstructural-phys-ical properties of such connection nodesmust alwaysbetakenintoaccount(e.g.thermal,soundandfireinsulation).
batten(fastenedonspringclips)
CLTwallboard
gypsumcardboard /gypsumfibreboard
wallanchoring(accordingto
structuralanalysis;sound-insulated)
gypsumcardboard /
gypsumfibreboard
floorstructure(asrequired)
CLTceilingboard
batten(fastenedonspringclips)
elasticintermediatelayer(e.g.sylomer)
insulation
ConstructionFURTHER APPLICATIONS 04/2012
Execution
• Joint-sealing tapemustbeused ifnecessary tomake thestructureairtight.
• TheCLTboardsmustbeprotectedagainstmoisture fromtheexistingstructuralcomponents.
• Thechoiceand ratingof theconnectorsandall structuralcomponentsdependonthestructuralrequirements.
gravelfilling
3 Extensions3.1 Attachment of a flat roof to an existing wall
existingmasonry
anchoragee.g.withglued-inthreadedrods(accordingtostructuralanalysis)
endprofile(incl.durablesealfromtheplasterlevel)
vapourbarrier(tobegluedtotheplastersurfaceoftheexistingwall)
joint-sealingtape
joist
flatroofstructure(asrequired)
interiorspace
verticalbonding(metalbracketwithlaminatedroofingmembrane)
CLTceilingboard
ConstructionFURTHER APPLICATIONS 04/2012
Illustration
4 Civil engineering4.1 CLT in combination with other materials
Execution
• Particularly in large buildings, a combination of CLT withotherderivedtimbermaterials,steelandconcreteisessen-tial to bridge the required large spans and to transfer thegenerallyhighloadsintotheground.
• Layerstructuresmustbeadaptedtothestructural-physicalrequirements resulting from the different intended uses ofthebuilding.
• Theproperdimensioningoftheconnectorsisveryimportantas connectors play an essential role in civil engineeringstructuralanalysis.
Building physics
Building physics
T H E R M A L P R O T E C T I O N 04/2012
The thermal performance of a component is determined by its U-value or “thermal transmittance”. The location, structure and thermal conductivity λ of the materials contained must be known to calculate this value. The ther-mal conductivity of wood is essentially determined by its bulk density and wood moisture content and can be cal-culated for a CLT panel using the equation below.
λλλλ = 0.000146 x ρk + 0.035449
λλλλ = thermal conductivity in [W/mK] ρρρρκκκκ = characteristic bulk density for a reference wood moisture content of u = 12% in [kg/m³]
The characteristic bulk density of CLT layers has been determined as ρk = 512 kg/m³. Applying these figures results in a thermal conductivity for CLT of 0.110 W/mK.
λλλλ = 0.000146 x 512 kg/m³ + 0.035449 = 0.110 W/mK This figure has been validated by the SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden for CLT [1]. The Austrian standard ÖNORM B 3012 [2] also gives a λ value of 0.11 W/mK for spruce. An average value of 12 % is assumed for wood moisture content, whereby less than 12 % wood moisture content should be expected in external walls during the relevant winter months. With less wood moisture content, the ac-tual thermal conductivity value reduces further. The Austrian standard ÖNORM EN 12524 [3] specifies a rated thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/mK for wood in the relevant bulk density range.
U-value of a CLT panel
A CLT external wall panel with a thickness of 100 mm is used in the following example to demonstrate how to calculate the U-value. The calculation takes account of the internal and external heat transfer coefficients.
Thermal transmittance ∑ +
λ+
=se
i
isi R
dR
1U
Heat transmission resistance WKm
WKm
se
si
/²04,0R
/²13,0R
==
Thermal conductivity of CLT mKWCLT /11,0=λ
Thermal transmittance
KmW
WKmmKW
mWKm
²/927,0
/²04,0/11,0
1,0/²13,0
1U 100 CLT,
=
++=
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T H E R M A L P R O T E C T I O N 04/2012
Fig. 1 shows a graph on which the U-values of non-clad CLT panels are plotted depending on panel thickness.
Fig. 1: U-values of non-clad CLT exterior wall panels
U-value of an insulated CLT panel
The U-value of a CLT panel with a thickness of 100 mm in conjunction with 16 cm-thick insulation material of thermal conductivity group WLG 040 is calculated as follows:
Thermal transmittance ∑ +
λ+
=se
i
isi R
dR
1U
Heat transmission resistance WKm
WKm
se
si
/²04,0R
/²13,0R
==
Thermal conductivity of CLT mKWCLT /11,0=λ
Thermal transmittance
KmW
WKmmKW
m
mKW
mWKm
²/197,0
/²04,0/04,0
16,0/11,0
1,0/²13,0
1U
=
+++=
U-v
alue
[w/m
²K]
Panel thickness [mm]
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T H E R M A L P R O T E C T I O N 04/2012
Fig. 2 shows a graph on which the U-values of insulated CLT panels with a thickness of 100 mm are plotted de-pending on the thickness of the insulation material (thermal conductivity group WLG 040).
Fig. 2: U-values of insulated 100 mm CLT external wall panels depending on the thickness of the in-
sulation (WLG 040 insulation material)
Airtightness
A CLT panel’s air or convection tightness is another decisive factor for thermal performance. As CLT panels are made of single-layer panels, they are extremely airtight. The airtightness of CLT panels and of panel joints was tested and confirmed by the Holzforschung Austria (Research Institute of the Austrian Society for Wood Re-search) in 2008 [4]. The test report specifies that the panel joints and the CLT panel itself are so airtight that vol-umetric rates of flow were outside the measurable range.
[1] Assessment: Declared thermal conductivity (2009-07-10); SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, SE-50462 Boras
[2] ÖNORM EN B 3012 (2003-12-01); Wood species - Characteristic values for terms and symbols of ÖNORM EN 13556
[3] ÖNORM EN 12524 (2000-09-01); Building materials and products. Hygrothermal properties. Tabulated design values
[4] HOLZFORSCHUNG AUSTRIA (2008-06-11); Test report; airtightness test on a panel with two different types of joint
U-v
alue
[w/m
²K]
Insulation thickness [mm]
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U - V A L U E - C O M P A R A T I V E E X A M P L E S 04/2012
CLT solid wood panels CLT 100 3s + WLG 040 insulation Heat transmission values used:
Rsi = 0.13 m² K/W
Rse = 0.04 m² K/W
Thickness Building material λ Insulation thickness
Total thickness U-value [cm] [—] [W/m²K] [cm] [cm] W/(m²K)
A 10 CLT 0.11 0 9.7 0.95
B 4-24 WLG 040 insulation 0.04 4 14 0.48
0.04 6 16 0.39
0.04 8 18 0.32
0.04 10 20 0.28
0.04 12 22 0.25
0.04 14 24 0.22
0.04 16 26 0.20
0.04 18 28 0.18
0.04 20 30 0.16
0.04 22 32 0.15
0.04 24 34 0.14 exterior interior
A
B
40-240 100
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U - V A L U E - C O M P A R A T I V E E X A M P L E S 04/2012
CLT 100 3s + WLG 040 insulation + 12.5 mm plasterboard Heat transmission values used:
Rsi = 0.13 m² K/W
Rse = 0.04 m² K/W
Thickness Building material λ Insulation thickness
Total thickness U-value [cm] [—] [W/m²K] [cm] [cm] W/(m²K)
A 10 CLT 0.11 0 11 0.90
C 1.25 Plasterboard 0.21
B 4-24 WLG 040 insulation 0.04 4 15 0.47
0.04 6 17 0.38
0.04 8 19 0.32
0.04 10 21 0.27
0.04 12 23 0.24
0.04 14 25 0.22
0.04 16 27 0.19
0.04 18 29 0.18
0.04 20 31 0.16
0.04 22 33 0.15
0.04 24 35 0.14 exterior interior
A
B
C
40-240 100 12.5
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Timber frame building Plasterboard panel, OSB board, WLG 040 insulation, upright, DHF (diffusible humid resistant fibreboard) Calculated using solid wood uprights:
b = 6 cm
e = 62.5 cm
λ = 0.13 W/(m²K)
Thickness Building material λ Insulation thickness
Total thickness U-value [cm] [—] [W/m²K] [cm] [cm] W/(m²K)
A 1.5 DHF 0.12 1.5 -- --
B 1.5 OSB board 0.13 1.5 -- --
C 1.25 Plasterboard 0.21 1.25 -- --
D 4-24 WLG 040 insulation +
construction timber 0.049 4 8 0.78
0.049 6 10 0.59
0.049 8 12 0.48
0.049 10 14 0.40
0.049 12 16 0.34
0.049 14 18 0.30
0.049 16 20 0.27
0.049 18 22 0.24
0.049 20 24 0.22
0.049 22 26 0.20
0.049 24 28 0.19 exterior interior
1.5 40.240 1.5 1.25
D
A
C
B
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U - V A L U E - C O M P A R A T I V E E X A M P L E S 04/2012
Tile and insulation plaster Lightweight mortar plaster, tile, lime plaster NB: these values are taken from the company Wienerberger’s brochure “POROTON 2011 product range” and relate to the “POROTON flat clay block” product range.
Thickness Building material λ Insulation thickness
Total thickness U-value [cm] [—] [W/m²K] [cm] [cm] W/(m²K)
A 2 Lightweight mortar plaster 0.31 -- -- --
B 1.5 Lime plaster 0.7 -- -- --
C 4-24 Tile 0.16 17.5 21 0.74
exterior interior
0.12 24 28 0.44
0.1 30 34 0.31
0.09 36.5 40 0.23
0.09 42.5 46 0.20
A
C
2 17.5-42.5 1.5
B
Building physics
A I R T I G H T N E S S 04/2012
Contents:
1. Introduction
The airtightness and windtightness of the building envelope and of individual building components (wall, ceiling and roof panels) is an essential requirement which has an impact on many aspects of the indoor climate, noise load, freedom from structural defect, indoor atmosphere and energy balance of buildings. Together, the airtight layer (generally on the inside of the room) and the windtight layer (on the outside of the building) prevent an inadmissible flow of air through the structure. These layers are critical to the quality and du-rability of the building structure [1]. CLT’s special single-layer panel design results in an airtight layer which means that an additional airtight mem-brane is not generally required on the inside of the room. This has a positive effect on the associated costs, helps avoid errors and construction defects and also reduces construction times and installation phases. With other timber construction methods (e.g. timber frame building), an airtight layer (at the same time also a va-pour barrier in the form of a membrane or butt-bonded OSB boards) must also be provided. 2. Relevance of airtightness/windtightness
a) Airtightness:
Airtightness has an impact on the heat and humidity balance of a structure. The term “airtightness” refers to the prevention of convective flows, i.e. the penetration of structural components by air moving from inside to outside. Inadequate airtightness can mean that air flows through the structure from inside to outside. The possible conse-quences are [1]:
� Deposition of condensation in the structure
� Reduced thermal protection
� Low surface temperature The associated hazards are:
� Damage to the structure
� Mould formation
� Draughts (as a result of cooling of the indoor surface temperature)
� Increased energy demand
1. Introduction
2. Relevance of airtightness/windtightness
3. Benefits of CLT with regard to airtightness
4. Technical aspects of airtightness
5. Configurations and specific connections
6. Summary
7. Appendix
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The airtightness of Stora Enso’s CLT has been tested by the Holzforschung Austria.
This airtightness test on CLT was carried out on the basis of ÖNORM EN 12114:2000 [2] and covered the panel itself, a stepped rebate and a panel joint with a jointing board.
Outcome:
“The panel joints and the CLT panel itself exhibit a high level of airtightness. The volumetric flow rates through the two joint variants and through the undisturbed surface lay outside the measurable range as a result of the high level of impermeability” [3]. b) Windtightness:
The windtightness of a building envelope is just as relevant as its airtightness. Inadequate windtightness can re-sult in similar phenomena to those occurring with inadequate airtightness. One of the reasons for this is the cool-ing of the insulating layer. The windtight layer on the outside of the building prevents outside air from penetrating the building components. The insulating layer is therefore protected, and the building components’ insulating properties are not impaired [1]. The relevance of windtightness is shown by means of the following illustrations (taken from [1]).
Illustration: Thermographic images of a wall/roof connection at + 3°C outdoor temperature and + 24°C indoor temperature (taken fr om [1])
3. Benefits of CLT with regard to airtightness
� Large-format panels (up to 2.95 m x 16 m) � therefore few building component joints and thus fewer joints to be sealed.
� As a rule, no additional membranes are required on the inside of the room. � Simple, reliable joint or butt joint sealing by means of compressible preformed gasket is possible.
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4. Technical aspects of airtightness The air change rate (n50 value) is used to measure a building’s airtightness. Note:
Air change rate: The air change rate n (unit: 1/h) is used to describe ventilation. It indicates how often a room’s air volume is changed per hour.
n50 value: The n50 value is the air change which occurs if 50 Pa (pascals) under or over pressure are
generated in the building.
If all CLT connections (corner joints, side joints, windows etc.) are carried out properly, n50 values corresponding to the passive house standard (n50 = 0.6 1/h) can be achieved. ÖNORM B 8110-1: 2008 [4] specifies permissible air change rates. Depending on the building type, a distinction is drawn between buildings without ventilation sys-tems (n50 = 3 1/h), buildings with ventilation systems (n50 = 1.5 1/h) and passive houses (n50 = 0.6 1/h) [4]. “Venti-lation systems” refers to monitored ventilation systems for living spaces.
Compliance with these n50 values is vital for the function of the respective building envelopes. The air change rate is measured and evaluated using the “blower door test”.
This blower door test is recommended to the end customer by Stora Enso to enable the quality and construction of a building to be evaluated. In addition to the issue of airtightness, the subject of vapour diffusion behaviour will also be examined briefly here:
CLT is an excellent material for wall structures which are membrane-free and which allow diffusion.
When no membrane is fitted, it is important to bear in mind that the vapour diffusibility of the individual layers (in-sulation, plaster, etc.) increases towards the outside (as a rule of thumb: the outer layer should exhibit up to ten times greater vapour diffusibility). This enables condensation to be avoided in wall, ceiling and roof structures. Diffusion behaviour is expressed by means of the vapour diffusion resistance factor (µ) and the air layer thick-ness (sd value) equivalent of diffusion. If the airtightness is inadequate, substantially higher levels of condensation can occur in the building components as a result of moist air flows through walls, ceilings and roofs than via condensation accumulating purely as a result of diffusion. 4. Configurations and specific connections Compressed preformed gasket is mainly used to ensure an airtight seal at the connections of building compo-nents. Permanently flexible joint foams can also be used in some places. Self-adhesive tapes and tubular rubber seals are used more rarely (see item 4.g).
The configurations illustrated below show a few options for airtightness, though it should be noted that these are merely a few options among countless possible configurations [5], [6].
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a) Plinth connection I Plinth connection II
Connection of wall to cellar roof or concrete slab: Another important factor in addition to air-tightness, is moisture protection in the plinth area.
Connection of internal wall to cellar roof or concrete slab: In this configuration the same criteria have to be applied as in the case of the connection between the wall and cellar roof or concrete slab.
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b) Wall and ceiling joint I Wall and ceiling joint II
Stepped rebate connection: Both the longitudinal and transverse seals of the stepped rebate are important (see illustration above).
Jointing board connection: The same procedure should be adopted for this con-nection as for a connection with a stepped rebate (see above).
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c) Wall connection I Wall connection II
Connection of longitudinal wall to transverse wall: The same procedure as for a corner joint must be adopted here.
Corner joint: With all horizontal and vertical seals it is im-portant to ensure a continuous joint seal (hori-zontal and vertical seals must be connected to each other).
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d) Window or door connection I Window or door connection II
Connection of inserted window: In this case the window frame is inserted into the CLT wall. The window frame is inserted using wall gasket “Compriband” or a suitable PU foam. A soft-cell foam is recommended. It is important to ensure a proper, careful finish (precise corners etc.).
Connection of fitted window: In this case the window frame is fitted on the CLT wall.
The window connection must be made using a suitable sealing system (wall gasket “Comprib-and”, joint tape etc.). It is important to ensure a proper, careful finish (precise corners etc.).
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A I R T I G H T N E S S 04/2012
e) Wall/ceiling/wall connection f) Wall/ceiling connection
Preformed gasket
Connection of wall to roof panel or roof construction: There are various ways of doing this. However, the wall panel should form a sealed unit with the roof panel.
All openings and apertures must be con-nected in an airtight manner to the rele-vant contact surfaces.
Connection of wall to ceiling: The key contact surfaces are those of the upper and lower wall to the ceil-ing. Both contact surfaces must be connected so that they are airtight.
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g) A few examples of materials for creating an airtight finish Appropriate materials must be used according to the requirements.
Self-adhesive tapes should be avoided due to areas which are difficult to access (corners, etc.). Sources:
www.trelleborg.com
www.ramsauer.at
www.siga.ch
EPDM seal
Wall gasket “Compriband”
Self-adhesive tape
Sealing strip
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A I R T I G H T N E S S 04/2012
5. Summary
Both airtightness and windtightness are key requirements for a high-quality building made with CLT.
In the various connection configurations it is important to use a cohesive system with regard to airtightness and windtightness, i.e. all the horizontal and vertical joints must form a sealed unit.
Openings in the CLT structure should be avoided, or a professional, airtight finish must be made.
This is the only way to avoid increased heat loss with all its consequences such as penetration of moisture into the structure, mould fungus formation and so forth. For further information:
www.clt.info
www.dataholz.com 6. Appendix References: [1] RICCABONA, CH. and BEDNAR TH. (2008):
Baukonstruktionslehre 4 [Building construction theory 4]; 7th edition; MANZ Verlag, Vienna [2] ÖNORM EN 12114 (2000):
Thermal performance of buildings. Air permeability of building components. Laboratory test methods; Austrian Standards Institute, Vienna
[3] HOLZFORSCHUNG AUSTRIA (2008):
Test report; airtightness test on a panel with two different joint types [4] ÖNORM B 8110-1 (2008):
Thermal protection in building construction. Requirements for thermal insulation and declaration of thermal protection of buildings and parts of buildings. Austrian Standards Institute, Vienna
[5] STEINDL R. (2007):
Degree dissertation; Structural components for houses made of cross-laminated timber [6] www.dataholz.com
Internet, researched on 02.04.2009
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M O I S T U R E 04/2012
Contents:
1. Introduction
Structural components and parts of buildings are not only exposed to thermal stress, but also to hygric stress. After the building has been completed, building components often still contain a considerable amount of building moisture. Therefore, using CLT is advantageous, as the driest possible structures can be obtained by using this product. Building components must be sufficiently protected from all types of moisture. Excessive moisture content can reduce solidity and thermal insulation . At the same time however, wood requires a minimum level of moisture (particularly in the case of visible panels) in order to reduce drying cracks.
Figure 1 shows the different effects of moisture which a building must be protected from.
Fig. 1: Typical moisture conditions of a building (Fischer et al., 2008) As the load-bearing structure and the insulation layer are clearly separate on CLT panels, the structural and physical aspects of the design can be considered separately. CLT offers a further advantage in that, besides the
1. Introduction
2. Reasons for moisture protection
3. Diffusion
4. Diffusion resistance factor and sd value
5. Significance of moisture and diffusion for CLT
6. Summary
7. Appendix
Building physics
M O I S T U R E 04/2012
load-bearing structure, it also has a significantly higher thermal mass in comparison to other wood construction systems. With 3 layers and more, CLT panels are airtight.
Fig. 2: Comparing lightweight wood construction with solid wood construction (Graz Technial University, 2008) 2. Reasons for moisture protection
For building owners and occupants, moisture protection is necessary or advisable for the following reasons: a) Room usability
Rooms require a precisely defined indoor climate which means that uncontrolled levels of humidity must be avoided. Damp building materials can be the source of germs and odorous substances.
b) Building heat insulation
Increased moisture in the building means that the thermal conductivity of the building’s materials increases and more energy is required to heat the building. More energy is also required to remove damp air and condensation.
c) Preserving the building structure
Managing a building’s exposure to moisture is essential for preserving the building’s structure. Most structural damage can be traced back to the impact of water. 3. Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of tiny single particles (atoms, ions, molecules), caused by the thermal self-motility (Brownian motion) of these tiny particles. In the same way as heat flow, water vapour also flows
� according to the drop in temperature from warm to cold or
� according to relative humidity from moist air to dry air. This diffusion flow occurs in the air and also in porous building components containing air pockets. The more im-permeable a building component, the greater its diffusion resistance. Damp materials are more permeable to wa-ter vapour diffusion.
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4. Diffusion resistance factor and s d value a) Diffusion resistance factor
The water vapour diffusion resistance factor µ is used to measure the impermeability of a building material to dif-fusing water molecules. µ is a dimensionless quantity which indicates the factor by which a material’s diffusion resistance increases in comparison to the reference value. Air is used as the reference value as it generally of-fers the least resistance to water vapour (µ = 1). Only glass and metal can be considered impermeable to water vapour; all other materials are permeable to water vapour, even if diffusion resistance can be very high. b) sd value
The diffusion resistance factor µ alone is not enough to identify the impermeability to water vapour diffusion of a layer of material, rather than of the material itself. Both the type of material and the thickness of the layer must be known to understand the extent of resistance to water vapour diffusion. Thus, the simplest definition to describe the resistance of a layer of material is derived from the product of the thickness of the layer and the diffusion resistance factor. Therefore, in building physics, the term “equivalent air layer thickness sd” is used to measure the diffusion resistance of a layer of material. �� = � ∗ � The sd value represents how thick a layer of air must be to have the same transmission resistance as the compo-nent. CLT panels have different levels of diffusion resistance. This depends on the lamella thickness and the number of layers and adhesive joints.
� �� = �1 ∗ �1 + �2 ∗ �2 + �3 ∗ �3 + … + � ∗ �
5. Holzforschung Austria’s expert opinion
Holzforschung Austria’s expert opinion reveals that: A 3-layer CLT panel exhibits the same sd value as that of a solid wood panel made of spruce with similar strength (+ 26 mm for the bonded joint on the CLT panel). - Dependence of the material moisture content
The bonded joint’s µ value significantly decreases in damper test conditions. Porous cavities occur between the adhesive layers and capillary contacts between end grain and length grain wood. This enables faster moisture transport processes in humid climates compared with dry climates. However, this depends on the type of adhesive and the relative ambient humidity.
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M O I S T U R E 04/2012
- The sd value should be 5–10 m lower towards the surface than on the inside. By way of example:
Standard wall structure with ventilated façade
Plasterboard: sd = 0.273 m; cross-laminated timber: sd = 3.9 m; insulation: sd = 0.25 m; permeable layer: sd ≤ 0.3 m The structure is more impermeable towards the surface (calculated using the cross-laminated timber) and is therefore correct from a building physics point of view. 6. Significance of moisture and diffusion for CLT
With 3 layers and more, CLT panels are “airtight” but not vapour proof. This means that CLT is permeable and the adhesive bonds form vapour barriers for the insulation plane. Just like any other construction system, CLT must be protected from permanent moisture. CLT regulates the inside air. When there is higher ambient humidity, CLT absorbs the moisture and releases it again when the level of humidity decreases. CLT can also be described as a moisture variable vapour barrier. It is more permeable in the summer, when temperatures are high and the air humid, than in the winter when temperatures are cold and the air is drier. 8. Sources
HOLZFORSCHUNG AUSTRIA:
Test report/expert opinion, diffusion measurement performed in July 2009
FISCHER, H., FREYMUTH, H., HÄUPL, P. ET AL. (2008): Lehrbuch der Bauphysik [Building physics text book]. 6th completely revised edition, publishers: Vieweg + Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden
HÄUPL, P. (2008): Bauphysik: Klima, Wärme, Feuchte, Schall [Building physics: climate, heat, humidity, sound]. Publishers: Ernst & Sohn Verlag, Berlin
RICCABONA, C., BEDNAR, T. (2008): Baukonstruktionslehre [Construction method] 4; 7th completely revised edition, publishers: MANZ Verlag, Vienna
Building physics
F I R E P R O T E C T I O N 04/2012
Solid wood is more fire resistant than is generally assumed. CLT has a moisture content of approx. 12%. Before wood can catch fire, the water it contains must first evaporate. A carbonised surface protects the internal CLT layers so that—unlike steel or concrete constructions—solid wood constructions in a fire are charred on the sur-face but do not burn right through. To support this statement, we asked an accredited institute—the Holzforschung Austria—to test how fire resistant our CLT solid wood panels actually are. The results speak for themselves and even exceeded our expectations. The abridged report can be downloaded from www.clt.info.
Building physics
S O U N D 04/2012
In addition to the following reviews on the subject of sound insulation, Stora Enso recommends the website www.dataholz.com.
Building physics
G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N 04/2012
The following evaluations with regard to building physics were performed by the European accredited institute HFA — Holzforschung Austria — and contain the following tested components:
1. External walls
2. Internal walls
3. Partition walls
4. Ceilings
5. Roofs
Issued on: 12.01.2012 Order number: 2177/2011 – BB Version: 1.0 During the evaluations, the following sources were referred to: Fire resistance
ÖNORM EN 13501-2 Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 2: Classification using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services. Preliminary proceedings for determining heat insulation characteristics
ÖNORM B 8110-6, Thermal protection in building construction — Part 6: Principles and verification methods — Heating demand and cooling demand. Version: January 2010
ÖNORM EN ISO 6946, Building components — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance — Calculation method, version: April 2008
ÖNORM B 8110-2, Thermal insulation in building construction — Part 2: Water vapour diffusion and protection against condensation, version: July 2003
ÖNORM EN ISO 13788, Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements — Internal surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and interstitial condensation — Calculation methods, ver-sion: January 2002
ÖNORM B 8110-3, Thermal protection in building construction — Part 3: Heat storage and solar impact, version: December 1999
ÖNORM EN 12524; Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values, version September 2000 Noise assessment
The assessed standard sound level difference was determined using comparable components investigated with regard to the level of protection against airborne noise to be achieved and taking the relevant technical literature into account. In particular, the parts catalogue “dataholz.com — Catalogue of the physical and ecological proper-ties of inspected wood components”, version: 2003, ÖNORM B 8115-4 Sound insulation and room acoustics in building construction — Measures to fulfil the requirements on sound insulation, version: 2003, and Timber con-struction manual, number 3, part 3, series 4 “Sound proofing — Walls and Roofs” by the Timber Information Ser-vice, version: 2003 and Timber construction manual, number 3, part 3, series 3 “Sound-absorbing wooden beams — and Brettstapel ceilings” by the Timber Information Service and “Sound-absorbing exterior components made of wood” by ift Rosenheim Centre for Acoustics (LSW), final report 2004.
External walls
Building physics
C O N T E N T S E X T E R N A L W A L L S 04/2012
Component Façade Insulation material CLT Interior work
1.1 Plaster EPS CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 1.2 Plaster EPS CLT 120 C3s CLT visible quality 1.3 Plaster EPS CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.4 Plaster EPS CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.5 Plaster EPS CLT 100 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.6 Plaster EPS CLT 120 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.7 Plaster Mineral wool CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 1.8 Plaster Mineral wool CLT 120 C3s CLT visible quality 1.9 Plaster Mineral wool CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.10 Plaster Mineral wool CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.11 Plaster Mineral wool CLT 100 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.12 Plaster Mineral wool CLT 120 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.13 Plaster Softboard CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 1.14 Plaster Softboard CLT 120 C3s CLT visible quality 1.15 Plaster Softboard CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.16 Plaster Softboard CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.17 Plaster Softboard CLT 100 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.18 Plaster Softboard CLT 120 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.19 Timber Softboard CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 1.20 Timber Softboard CLT 120 C3s CLT visible quality 1.21 Timber Softboard CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.22 Timber Softboard CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.23 Timber Softboard CLT 100 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.24 Timber Softboard CLT 120 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 1.25 Timber Mineral wool CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 1.26 Timber Mineral wool CLT 120 C3s CLT visible quality 1.27 Timber Mineral wool CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.28 Timber Mineral wool CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 1.29 Plaster Mineral wool CLT 120 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
EPS 16, 20, 26 0.031 60 18 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.16 adequate 34.7 36
20 REI 60 35 0.13 adequate 34.8 36
26 REI 60 35 0.11 adequate 34.9 36
1.1 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
EPS
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
EPS 16, 20, 26 0.031 60 18 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.16 adequate 33.3 36
20 REI 60 35 0.13 adequate 33.4 36
26 REI 60 35 0.10 adequate 33.4 36
1.2 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
EPS
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
EPS 16, 20, 26 0.031 60 18 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.16 adequate 38.7 37
20 REI 90 35 0.13 adequate 38.8 37
26 REI 90 35 0.11 adequate 38.8 37
1.3 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
fire-protection plasterboardEPS
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
EPS 16, 20, 26 0.031 60 18 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.15 adequate 37.4 37
20 REI 90 35 0.13 adequate 37.4 37
26 REI 90 35 0.10 adequate 37.4 37
1.4 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
EPS fire-protection plasterboard
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
EPS 16, 20, 26 0.031 60 18 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.13 adequate 27.2 43
18 REI 120 35 0.12 adequate 27.2 43
20 REI 120 35 0.11 adequate 27.2 43
26 REI 120 35 0.09 adequate 27.2 43
1.5 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
wooden batten
OSB
EPS
fire-protection plasterboard
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.6 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
OSB
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
EPS 16, 20, 26 0.031 60 18 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.13 adequate 27.2 43
20 REI 120 35 0.11 adequate 27.2 43
26 REI 120 35 0.09 adequate 27.2 43
EPS
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
wooden batten
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Mineral wool 16, 18 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.18 adequate 34.7 38
18 REI 60 35 0.16 adequate 34.7 38
1.7 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Mineral wool 16, 18 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.17 adequate 33.3 38
18 REI 60 35 0.16 adequate 33.3 38
1.8 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Mineral wool 16, 18 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.18 adequate 38.7 39
18 REI 90 35 0.16 adequate 38.7 39
1.9 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool fire-protection plasterboard
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Mineral wool 16, 18 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.17 adequate 37.4 39
18 REI 90 35 0.16 adequate 37.4 39
1.10 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool fire-protection plasterboard
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Mineral wool 16, 18 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.14 adequate 27.2 45
18 REI 120 35 0.13 adequate 27.2 45
1.11 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
mineral wool
OSB
wooden batten
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.12 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
mineral wool
OSB
wooden batten
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Mineral wool 16, 18 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.14 adequate 27.2 45
18 REI 120 35 0.13 adequate 27.2 45
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Homatherm EnergiePlus massive 8, 6 0.039 3 140 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard 12, 10 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.21 adequate 34.6 38
20 REI 60 35 0.18 adequate 34.7 38
1.13 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
HomathermEnergiePlus massive
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.14 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
HomathermEnergiePlus massive
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Homatherm EnergiePlus massive 8, 6 0.039 3 140 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard 12, 10 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.20 adequate 33.3 38
20 REI 60 35 0.17 adequate 33.3 38
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Homatherm EnergiePlus massive 8, 6 0.039 3 140 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard 12, 10 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.21 adequate 38.7 39
20 REI 90 35 0.17 adequate 38.7 39
1.15 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
HomathermEnergiePlus massive
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
fire-protection plasterboard
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.16 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
HomathermEnergiePlus massive
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Homatherm EnergiePlus massive 8, 6 0.039 3 140 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard 12, 10 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.20 adequate 37.4 39
20 REI 90 35 0.17 adequate 37.4 39
fire-protection plasterboard
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Homatherm EnergiePlus massive 8, 6 0.039 3 140 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard 12, 10 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 50/40, e = 62.5 cm 4 0.130 50 500 D
Homatherm ID-Q11 standard 4 0.038 3 110 E
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.18 adequate 18.1 44
20 REI 120 35 0.15 adequate 18.1 44
1.17 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
HomathermEnergiePlus massive
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
HomathermID-Q11 standard
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden batten
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.18 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
HomathermEnergiePlus massive
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
HomathermID-Q11 standard
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Homatherm EnergiePlus massive 8, 6 0.039 3 140 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard 12, 10 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 50/40, e = 62.5 cm 4 0.130 50 500 D
Homatherm ID-Q11 standard 4 0.038 3 110 E
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.17 adequate 18.0 44
20 REI 120 35 0.15 adequate 18.0 44
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden batten
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard, 2 layers 16, 20 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.21 adequate 34.7 43
20 REI 60 35 0.17 adequate 34.8 43
1.19 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
wooden façade
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard, 2 layers 16, 18, 20, 24 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.20 adequate 33.4 43
18 REI 60 35 0.18 adequate 33.4 43
20 REI 60 35 0.17 adequate 33.4 43
24 REI 60 35 0.15 adequate 33.4 44
1.20 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
wooden façade
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard, 2 layers 16, 20 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.20 adequate 38.7 44
20 REI 90 35 0.17 adequate 38.8 44
1.21 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
wooden façade
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.22 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
wooden façade
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard, 2 layers 16, 20 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.20 adequate 37.4 44
20 REI 90 35 0.17 adequate 37.4 44
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard, 2 layers 16, 20 0.038 3 110 E
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 50/40, e = 62.5 cm 4 0.130 50 500 D
Homatherm ID-Q11 standard 4 0.038 3 130 E
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.18 adequate 18.1 48
20 REI 120 35 0.15 adequate 18.1 48
1.23 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
wooden façade
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
HomathermID-Q11 standard
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden batten
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.24 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
wooden façade
HomathermHDP-Q11 standard
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membranewooden batten
HomathermID-Q11 standard
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
Homatherm HDP-Q11 standard, 2 layers 16, 20 0.038 3 130 E
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 50/40, e = 62.5 cm 4 0.130 50 500 D
Homatherm ID-Q11 standard 4 0.038 3 110 E
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 120 35 0.17 adequate 16.5 48
20 REI 120 35 0.15 adequate 16.5 48
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.25 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
wooden façade
mineral wool
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
solid structural timber (KVH)
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
KVH structure, insulated:
Structural timber 6/x, e = 62.5 cm 16, 20, 26 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 16, 20, 26 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.20 adequate 34.4 47
20 REI 60 35 0.16 adequate 34.7 47
26 REI 60 35 0.13 adequate 34.8 48
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.26 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
KVH structure, insulated:
Structural timber 6/x, e = 62.5 cm 16, 20, 26 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 16, 20, 26 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 60 35 0.19 adequate 33.3 47
20 REI 60 35 0.16 adequate 33.4 47
26 REI 60 35 0.13 adequate 33.4 48
solid structural timber (KVH)mineral wool
wooden façade
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.27 External wall
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
KVH structure, insulated:
Structural timber 6/x, e = 62.5 cm 16, 20, 26 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 16, 20, 26 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.19 adequate 38.7 51
20 REI 90 35 0.16 adequate 38.7 51
26 REI 90 35 0.13 adequate 38.8 52
fire-protection plasterboard
solid structural timber (KVH)mineral wool
wooden façade
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.28 External wall
CLT 120 C3s
wooden façade
wooden battens (ventilated)
vapour-permeable membrane
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Wooden façade 2.5 0.130 50 500 D
Wooden battens (ventilated) 3 0.130 50 500 D
Vapour-permeable membrane
KVH structure, insulated:
Structural timber 6/x, e = 62.5 cm 16, 20, 26 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 16, 20, 26 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
16 REI 90 35 0.19 adequate 37.4 51
20 REI 90 35 0.16 adequate 37.3 51
26 REI 90 35 0.13 adequate 37.4 52
fire-protection plasterboard
solid structural timber (KVH)mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
1.29 External wall
wooden batten
HomathermID-Q11 standard
CLT 120 C3s
plaster(incl. stopping and fabric insert)
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Plaster (incl. stopping and fabric insert) 0.5 1.000 10-35 2,000 A1
Mineral wool 18 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 50/40, e = 62.5 cm 4 0.130 50 500 D
Homatherm ID-Q11 standard 4 0.038 3 130 E
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
18 REI 120 35 0.14 adequate 16.3 44
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
Internal walls
Building physics
C O N T E N T S I N T E R N A L W A L L S 04/2012
Component Left structure CLT Right structure
2.1 CLT visible quality CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 2.2 CLT visible quality CLT 120 C3s CLT visible quality 2.3 CLT visible quality CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2.4 CLT visible quality CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2.5 CLT visible quality CLT 100 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 2.6 CLT visible quality CLT 120 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 2.7 Panelled with GKF plasterboard CLT 100 C3s Panelled GKF plasterboard 2.8 Panelled with GKF plasterboard CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2.9 Panelled with GKF plasterboard CLT 100 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 2.10 Facing with GKF plasterboard CLT 100 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard 2.11 Facing with GKF plasterboard CLT 120 C3s Facing with GKF plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 60 35 0.855 adequate 29.6 34
2.1 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
2.2 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 60 35 0.740 adequate 31.1 35
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 90 35 0.820 adequateFPP 34.5
36Wood 30.0
2.3 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
2.4 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 90 35 0.714 adequateFPP 36.0
37Wood 31.4
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 120 35 0.382 adequate+ Service cavity 27.2 41Wood 33.8
2.5 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
OSB
wooden batten
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
2.6 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s
OSB
wooden batten
mineral wool
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 120 35 0.357 adequateService
cavity 27.2 41Wood 33.0
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 90 35 0.788 adequate 35.0 38
2.7 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 90 35 0.689 adequate 36.2 38
2.8 Internal wall
CLT 120 C3s
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 120 35 0.375 adequateService
cavity 27.1 42Wood 38.1
2.9 Internal wall
CLT 100 C3s
OSB
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden batten
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 120 35 0.247 adequate 27.2 46
2.10 Internal wall
OSB
CLT 100 C3s
OSBwooden batten
mineral wool
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden batten
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
2.11 Internal wall
OSB
wooden batten
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
OSB 1.5 0.130 200-300 600 B
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
— REI 120 35 0.236 adequate 27.2 46
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
OSBwooden batten
mineral wool
fire-protection plasterboard
Partition walls
Building physics
C O N T E N T S P A R T I T I O N W A L L S 04/2012
Component Left structure CLT Right structure
3.1 Facing with pivoting bracket CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 3.2 Facing with pivoting bracket CLT 120 C3s CLT visible quality 3.3 Facing with pivoting bracket CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 3.4 Facing with pivoting bracket CLT 120 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 3.5 Facing with pivoting bracket CLT 100 C3s Facing with pivoting bracket 3.6 Facing with pivoting bracket CLT 120 C3s Facing with pivoting bracket 3.7 CLT visible quality 2 x CLT 100 C3s CLT visible quality 3.8 CLT visible quality 2 x CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 3.9 CLT visible quality 2 x CLT 100 C3s Facing with pivoting bracket 3.10 Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2 x CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 3.11 Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2 x CLT 80 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 3.12 Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2 x CLT 100 C3s Facing with pivoting bracket 3.13 Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2 x CLT 80 C3s Facing with pivoting bracket 3.14 Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2 x CLT 100 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 3.15 Panelled with GKF plasterboard 2 x CLT 80 C3s Panelled with GKF plasterboard 3.16 Facing with pivoting bracket 2 x CLT 100 C3s Facing with pivoting bracket 3.17 Facing with pivoting bracket 2 x CLT 80 C3s Facing with pivoting bracket
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
7REI 60
35 0.34 adequate 34.0 45EI 120
3.1 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
wooden battens (on spring clip)
mineral wool
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.2 Partition wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
7REI 60
35 0.32 adequate 33.1 45EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden battens (on spring clip)
mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.3 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
7REI 90
35 0.33 adequate 42.2 46EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden battens (on spring clip)
mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.4 Partition wall
CLT 120 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
7REI 90
35 0.31 adequate 41.4 46EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden battens (on spring clip)
mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.5 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
2 x 7 REI 120 35 0.21 adequate 22.8 58
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden battens (on spring clip)wooden battens (on spring clip)
mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.6 Partition wall
CLT 120 C3s
wooden battens (on spring clip)
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
CLT 120 C3s 12 0.110 50 470 D
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
2 x 7 REI 120 35 0.20 adequate 22.8 58
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden battens (on spring clip)
mineral wool
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.7 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3s
impact sound insulation MW-T
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
6REI 60
35 0.26 adequate 34.2 52EI 120
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.8 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
6REI 90
35 0.26 adequate 38.4 54EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
impact sound insulation MW-T
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
7 + 6 REI 120 35 0.19 adequate 23.1 66
3.9 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3swooden battens (on spring clip)
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral woolimpact sound insulation MW-T
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.10 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
6REI 90
35 0.26 adequate 38.4 60EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
impact sound insulation MW-T
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.11 Partition wall
CLT 80 C3s
CLT 80 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
6REI 90
35 0.26 adequate 38.4 60EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
impact sound insulation MW-T
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
7 + 6 REI 120 35 0.18 adequate 23.1 67
3.12 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3swooden battens (on spring clip)
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral woolimpact sound insulation MW-T
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.13 Partition wall
CLT 80 C3s
CLT 80 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
7 + 6REI 90
35 0.20 adequate 14.9 66EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral woolimpact sound insulation MW-T
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden battens (on spring clip)
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.14 Partition wall
CLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
6REI 90
35 0.24 adequate 36.8 70EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.15 Partition wall
CLT 80 C3s
CLT 80 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
Air gap 2
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.3 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
6REI 90
35 0.27 adequate 39.4 60EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
impact sound insulation MW-T
fire-protection plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.16 Partition wallCLT 100 C3s
CLT 100 C3swooden battens (on spring clip)
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 100 C3s 10 0.110 50 470 D
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
2 x 7 + 6 REI 120 35 0.14 adequate 23.1 69
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
wooden battens (on spring clip)
mineral wool
impact sound insulation MW-T
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
3.17 Partition wallCLT 80 C3s
CLT 80 C3s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Impact sound insulation MW-T 6 0.035 1 68 A1
CLT 80 C3s 8 0.110 50 470 D
Facing wall on spring clip: 7
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 2.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
2 x 7 + 6REI 90
35 0.15 adequate 23.1 68EI 120
fire-protection plasterboard
wooden battens (on spring clip)
wooden battens (on spring clip)
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
mineral wool
impact sound insulation MW-T
Ceilings
Building physics
C O N T E N T S C E I L I N G S 04/2012
Component Fill Insulation material CLT Slab underside
4.1 Bonded EPS EPS CLT 140 L5s CLT visible quality
4.2 Bonded EPS EPS CLT 140 L5s Panelled with GKF plasterboard
4.3 Bonded EPS EPS CLT 140 L5s Suspended ceiling with GKF plasterboard
4.4 Gravel Mineral wool for sound insulation CLT 140 L5s CLT visible quality
4.5 Gravel Mineral wool for sound insulation CLT 140 L5s Panelled with GKF plasterboard
4.6 Gravel Mineral wool for sound insulation CLT 140 L5s Suspended ceiling with GKF plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Cement screed 7 1.330 50-100 2,000 A1
Plastic separation layer 0.200 100,000 1,400 E
EPS sandwich panel 3 0.04 60 18 E
EPS fill, bound 5
Trickle protection at joints 0.2 423 636 E
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
8 REI 60 5 0.35 adequateInner 32.5
55 60Outer 140.3
4.1 Floor slab
plastic separation layer
cement screed
trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
EPS fill, boundEPS sandwich panel
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
4.2 Floor slab
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Cement screed 7 1.330 50-100 2,000 A1
Plastic separation layer 0.200 100,000 1,400 E
EPS sandwich panel 3 0.04 60 18 E
EPS fill, bound 5
Trickle protection at joints 0.2 423 636 E
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
8 REI 90 5 0.35 adequateInner 37.7
56 59Outer 140.4
fire-protection plasterboard
plastic separation layer
cement screed
trickle protectionEPS fill, bound
EPS sandwich panel
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
4.3 Floor slab
CLT 140 L5s
wooden batten
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Cement screed 7 1.330 50-100 2,000 A1
Plastic separation layer 0.200 100,000 1,400 E
EPS sandwich panel 3 0.04 60 18 E
EPS fill, bound 5
Trickle protection at joints 0.2 423 636 E
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
8 REI 90 5 0.24 adequateInner 16.5
60 55Outer 140.4
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
plastic separation layer
cement screed
trickle protectionEPS fill, bound
EPS sandwich panel
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
4.4 Floor slab
trickle protection
CLT 140 L5s
gravel fillimpact sound insulation MW-T
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Cement screed 7 1.330 50-100 2,000 A1
Plastic separation layer 0.200 100,000 1,400 E
Impact sound insulation MW-T 4 0.035 1 68 A1
Gravel fill 5 0.7 2 1,800 A1
Trickle protection at joints 0.2 423 636 E
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
4 REI 60 5 0.37 adequateInner 32.0
58 51Outer 139.3
plastic separation layer
cement screed
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
4.5 Floor slab
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Cement screed 7 1.330 50-100 2,000 A1
Plastic separation layer 0.200 100,000 1,400 E
Impact sound insulation MW-T 4 0.035 1 68 A1
Gravel fill 5 0.7 2 1,800 A1
Trickle protection at joints 0.2 423 636 E
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
5 REI 90 5 0.36 adequateInner 37.5
59 50Outer 139.3
fire-protection plasterboard
impact sound insulation MW-T
plastic separation layer
cement screed
trickle protectiongravel fill
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
4.6 Floor slab
CLT 140 L5s
wooden battens (on spring clip)
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Cement screed 7 1.330 50-100 2,000 A1
Plastic separation layer 0.200 100,000 1,400 E
Impact sound insulation MW-T 4 0.035 1 68 A1
Gravel fill 5 0.7 2 1,800 A1
Trickle protection at joints 0.2 423 636 E
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity on spring clip, comprising:
Wooden battens 6/6, e = 62.5 cm 6 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 7 0.035 1 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
5 REI 90 5 0.23 adequateInner 16.4
65 45Outer 139.3
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
impact sound insulation MW-T
plastic separation layer
cement screed
trickle protectiongravel fill
Roofs
Building physics
C O N T E N T S R O O F S 04/2012
Component Roof covering Insulation material CLT Slab underside
5.1 Foil roof EPS CLT 140 L5s CLT visible quality
5.2 Foil roof EPS CLT 140 L5s Panelled with GKF plasterboard
5.3 Foil roof EPS CLT 140 L5s Suspended ceiling with GKF plasterboard
5.4 Foil roof Softwood fibre (HWF) CLT 140 L5s CLT visible quality
5.5 Foil roof Softwood fibre (HWF) CLT 140 L5s Panelled with GKF plasterboard
5.6 Foil roof Softwood fibre (HWF) CLT 140 L5s Suspended ceiling with GKF plasterboard
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Synthetic membrane 0.3 40,000 680 E
EPS, 2 layers 24 0.038 60 30 E
Vapour barrier, self-adhesive 1,500
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
24 REI 60 5 0.13 adequate 32.5 36
5.1 Roof
CLT 140 L5svapour barrier, self-adhesive
EPS
synthetic membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Synthetic membrane 0.3 40,000 680 E
EPS, 2 layers 24 0.038 60 30 E
Vapour barrier, self-adhesive 1,500
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
24 REI 90 5 0.13 adequate 36.7 37
5.2 Roof
CLT 140 L5s
fire-protection plasterboard
vapour barrier, self-adhesive
EPS
synthetic membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
5.3 Roof
wooden batten
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Synthetic membrane 0.3 40,000 680 E
EPS, 2 layers 24 0.038 60 30 E
Vapour barrier, self-adhesive 1,500
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
24 REI 90 5 0.11 adequate 14.7 43
fire-protection plasterboard
mineral wool
vapour barrier, self-adhesive
EPS
synthetic membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
5.4 Roof
HomathermHDP-Q11 protect
CLT 140 L5s
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Synthetic membrane 0.3 40,000 680 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 protect, 2 layers 24 0.039 3 140 E
Vapour barrier, self-adhesive 1,500
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
24 REI 60 5 0.13 adequate 32.5 38
vapour barrier, self-adhesive
synthetic membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
5.5 Roof
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Synthetic membrane 0.3 40,000 680 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 protect, 2 layers 24 0.039 3 140 E
Vapour barrier, self-adhesive 1,500
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
24 REI 90 5 0.13 adequate 36.7 39
fire-protection plasterboard
HomathermHDP-Q11 protect
CLT 140 L5svapour barrier, self-adhesive
synthetic membrane
Building physicsCOMPONENT DESIGNS 04/2012
5.6 Roof
Component design
Material Thick. [cm] λ [W/(mK)] μ ρ [kg/m³] Flamm. cat.
Synthetic membrane 0.3 40,000 680 E
Homatherm HDP-Q11 protect, 2 layers 24 0.039 3 140 E
Vapour barrier, self-adhesive 1,500
CLT 140 L5s 14 0.110 50 470 D
Service cavity consisting of:
Wooden battens 40/50, e = 62.5 cm 5 0.130 50 500 D
Mineral wool 5 0.035 18 A1
Fire-protection plasterboard 1.5 0.250 800 A2
Structural-physical analysis
Insul. thick. Fire protection i → o Thermal performance Acoustic performance
[cm] Fire resistance
Load[kN/m]
U-value[W/m²K] Permeability
Thermal mass mw,B,A
[kg/m²]Rw Ln,w
24 REI 90 5 0.11 adequate 14.7 45
fire-protection plasterboard
HomathermHDP-Q11 protect
CLT 140 L5svapour barrier, self-adhesive
synthetic membrane
wooden batten
mineral wool
Structural analysis
Structural analysis
G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N 04/2012
General information about structural engineering with CLT
As the single-layer panels are bonded alternately at right angles to each other, the load can be distributed across two axes—until now this was only possible with reinforced concrete engineering. The advantage of this is a more flexible interior design at the planning stage; designs can now also be simplified, and lower slab ceiling heights are possible. Although diagonally projecting or point-supported structures require more planning, they are per-fectly feasible. CLT panels have a particularly high load capacity as the load-bearing width generally extends across the entire panel width due to the transverse layers. The high inherent rigidity of CLT also has a positive impact on bracing a building. CLT calculation method
The difference to dimensioning solid wood or glued laminated timber lies in the loading of the transverse layers. In a CLT panel, a load at right angles to the panel plane (e.g. a snow load on a flat roof) generates a shear load in the transverse layers which acts at right angles to the grain. This shear load is termed rolling shear as the wood fibres “roll off” at right angles in the event of a fracture. As a result of the low shear strength or resistance of the transverse layer (load at right angles to the grain), the stresses or deformations that occur cannot be ignored. Calculations are carried out in accordance with the lamination theory, taking account of shear distortions. Various options now exist for calculating cross-laminated timber; one of these is the “theory of flexibly connected layers” (also termed the “gamma method”). The gamma method is the most common method and is also described in ETA-08/0271. Fasteners
Verification of the fasteners is described and regulated in the approvals.
Structural analysis
C A L C U L A T I N G A N D D I M E N S I O N I N G C L T 04/2012
A. Calculating CLT
The particular feature when calculating CLT lies in the fact that the transverse layers represent low-shear layers. As a result, the deflection caused by transverse loads and “rolling shear” can no longer be ignored. Various cal-culation methods have been developed for this. These methods are outlined briefly below, and the publications containing full details are listed. In the structural analysis, CLT/cross-laminated timber cannot be regarded and treated in the same way as solid wood or glued laminated timber. Stora Enso offers a structural analysis program free of charge on www.clt.info. This can be used to verify com-mon CLT components. A.1. Calculation based on the lamination theory
A.1.1. With the aid of “panel design factors”
This calculation method does not take account of deflection as a result of transverse loads and therefore only applies to relatively large span/thickness ratios (approx. > 30). For symmetrical panel designs, [1] and [2] contain formulae for calculating EJef in panels and disks. A.1.2. With the aid of the “shear correction coefficient”
This method enables ceiling deflection to be determined by calculating the shear correction coefficient for the rel-evant cross-sectional structure. Fusing framework programs, which take account of deflection as a result of transverse loads, CLT can be calculated with sufficient accuracy. The method is presented in [3]. A.2. Calculation based on the γ method
This method was developed to analyse flexibly-connected flexural girders (see [4] and [5]) and can also be ap-plied to CLT. The method is sufficiently accurate for practical building operations and is described in [2] for use with cross-laminated timber. This method is also defined in various timber construction standards, e.g. in DIN 1052-1:1988, DIN 1052:2008, ÖNORM B 4100-2:2003 and in EC 5, EN 1995-1-1. A.3. Calculation based on the shear analogy method
The shear analogy method is described in DIN 1052-1:2008, appendix D and is regarded as a precise method for calculating cross-laminated timber with any layer structures. [2] contains a brief explanation, while a more de-tailed description is given in [6], [7], [8] and [9]. The process is relatively complex compared to those described above. A.4. A. Twin-axis calculation of CLT
A.1.1. With the aid of grillages
2D structures can be modelled with the aid of framework programs. Individual references can be found in [10] and [11], and more detailed information in [9]. A.4.2. With the aid of FEM programs
2D structures can be modelled with the aid of FEM programs. Information can be found in [9] and [12]. B. Calculation of fasteners in CLT
The calculation of fasteners is described in approval Z-9.1-559 for CLT. Detailed descriptions of pin-type fasten-ers can be found in [13] and [14].
Structural analysis
C A L C U L A T I N G A N D D I M E N S I O N I N G C L T 04/2012
Literature cited: [1] Blaß H. J., Fellmoser P.: Bemessung von Mehrschichtplatten [Dimensioning multi-layer panels]. In: Bauen mit
Holz 105 [Building with wood] 105 (2003), issue 8, pp. 36-39, issue 9, pp. 37-39 or download: www.holz.uni-karlsruhe.de under Veröffentlichungen [Publications] (status: 10/2008)
[2] Blaß H. J., Görlacher R.: Brettsperrholz - Berechnungsgrundlagen [Cross-laminated timber - Calculation princip-les]. In: Holzbaukalender [Wooden structure diary] 2003, pp. 580 - 59. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2003.
[3] Jöbstl R.: Praxisgerechte Bemessung von Brettsperrholz [Practical dimensioning of cross-laminated timber]. In: Ingenieurholzbau, Karlsruher Tage [Timber engineering, Karlsruhe Conference] 2007. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2007.
[4] Schelling W.: Zur Berechnung nachgiebig zusammengesetzter Biegeträger aus beliebig vielen Einzelquer-schnitten [Designing flexibly laminated flexing beams made of any number of individual cross-sections]. In: Ehl-beck, J. (ed.); Steck, G. (ed.): Ingenieurholzbau in Forschung und Praxis [Timber engineering in research and practice]. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 1982.
[5] Heimeshoff B.: Zur Berechnung von Biegeträgern aus nachgiebig miteinander verbundenen Querschnittsteilen im Ingenieurholzbau [Calculation of flexing beams comprising flexibly-connected cross-sections in timber engi-neering]. In: Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff [Wood as a raw material] 45 (1987) pp. 237-241; 1987.
[6] Kreuzinger H.: Platten, Scheiben und Schalen [Panels, disks and shells]. In: Bauen mit Holz [Building with wood] 1/99, pp. 34-39; 1999.
[7] Blaß H.J., Ehlbeck J., Kreuzinger H., Steck G.: Erläuterungen zu DIN 1052:2004-08 [Explanations on DIN 1052:2004-08], pp. 52-56 and 81-84; publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2004.
[8] Scholz A.: Schubanalogie in der Praxis [Shear analogy in practice]. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. [Opportunities and limitations]. In: Ingenieurholzbau, Karlsruher Tage 2004 [Timber engineering, Karlsruhe Conference 2004]. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2007.
[9] Winter S., Kreuzinger H., Mestek P.: TP 15 Flächen aus Brettstapeln, Brettsperrholz und Verbundkonstruktio-nen [TP 15 surfaces made of glue-laminated and cross-laminated timber and laminated structures]. Technical University of Munich 2008.
[10] Various authors: Mehrgeschossiger Holzbau in Österreich: Holzskelett- und Holzmassivbauweise [Multi-storey wood engineering in Austria: timber frame and solid timber structures]. pp.127-128; Publishers: ProHolz Austria, Vienna 2002.
[11] Schrentewein T.: Konzentration auf den Punkt [Concentrating on the point]. In: Bauen mit Holz [Building with wood] 1/2008, pp. 43-47; 2008.
[12] Bogensperger T., Pürgstaller A.: Modellierung von Strukturen aus Brettsperrholz unter Berücksichtigung der Verbindungstechnik [Modelling cross-laminated timber structures with reference to fastening systems]. In: Ta-gungsband der 7. Grazer Holzbau-Fachtagung [Proceedings of 7th Graz Timber Engineering Conference]; 2008.
[13] Uibel T.: Brettsperrholz - Verbindungen mit mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln [Cross-laminated timber - connections using mechanical fasteners]. In: Ingenieurholzbau, Karlsruher Tage 2007 [Timber engineering, Karlsruhe Conference 2007]. Publishers: Bruderverlag Karlsruhe 2007.
[14] Blaß H. J., Uibel T.: Tragfähigkeit von stiftförmigen Verbindungsmitteln in Brettsperrholz [Load capacity of pin-type fasteners in cross-laminated timber]. Karlsruher Berichte zum Ingenieurholzbau [Karlsruhe report on timber engineering] - Vol. 8 (2007).
Structural analysis
C L T - S T R U C T U R A L A N A L Y S I S P R O G R A M 04/2012
In conjunction with WallnerMild Holz·Bau·Software© , Stora Enso can provide you with a free-of-charge de-sign program for CLT. The CLT design program can be downloaded free of charge from www.clt.info and is available in various languages. System requirements
� Microsoft Excel 11.0 (Office 2003)
The software suite has been designed and tested for the above version of Excel. The structural analysis program should also run with Excel 10.0 (Office XP) to Excel 12.0 (Office 2010). Initial installation
Double-click the Setup icon to start the installation automatically.
During the installation process, Excel must be closed and the user should have full administrator rights.
It should also be noted that links between “*.xls” files and OpenOffice can cause problems.
With some computers, problems can also occur with add-ins that are not authorised by Windows. “Add-ins” form part of the software suite and must be authorised in order to be activated. This process depends on the operating system and should be checked on a case by case basis. Registration
The sole purpose of this registration is to give Stora Enso an overview of the program’s distribution so that the user can be given appropriate advice in every regard and can be kept informed of new features. Version check
If the CLT design program is already installed and the user would like to update the program, the version check can be launched via the menu bar.
You will then be directed to www.bemessung.com, and a link for the new version will be emailed to you.
During the installation process, Excel must be closed again and the user should have full administrator rights.
Structural analysis
C L T - S T R U C T U R A L A N A L Y S I S P R O G R A M 04/2012
The following modules are available to you in the design program:
Structural analysis
C L T - S T R U C T U R A L A N A L Y S I S P R O G R A M 04/2012
CLT preliminary estimate tables The preliminary estimate tables shown on the next few pages have been compiled by Stora Enso in good faith but are not a substitute for a structural analysis for particular applications or circumstances. All the information contained in the tables complies with the latest state of the art technology, however, errors cannot be ruled out. Stora Enso shall therefore accept no liability and explicitly states that users of these preliminary estimate tables are responsible for checking the individual results.
Structural analysis
I N T E R N A L W A L L S 04/2012
Internal walls (no wind pressure)
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk
R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90 R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90 R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90
10,00 100 C3s 80 C3s 120 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00 90 C3s
50,00
60,00
10,00 80 C3s 60 C3s 120 C3s
20,00
30,00 90 C3s
40,00
50,00
60,00 80 C3s 140 C5s 90 C3s 120 C5s 90 C3s 100 C5s
10,00 80 C3s 100 C5s
20,00 90 C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
10,00 60 C3s 120 C3s 90 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 120 C3s
10,00 90 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00 100 C5s
50,00
60,00 90 C3s 100 C3s 100 C3s
10,00 60 C3s 80 C3s 80 C3s
20,00
30,00 100 C5s
40,00
50,00
60,00 120 C5s
Load-bearing capacity: Fire resistance
a) Verif ication as a column (compression in accordance w ith equivalent member method)
b) Shearing stresses
kmod = 0.8 R0
R30
R60
R90
120 C3s
120 C3s
60 C3s80 C3s
60 C3s
80 C3s
100 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s 100 C5s
Height (buckling length)
v1,i = 0.63 mm/min
v1,a = 0.86 mm/min
60 C3s 80 C3s
80 C3s
100 C5s
80 C3s
100 C3s
120 C3s100 C5s
120 C5s100 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s
80 C3s
60 C3s
140 C5s
60 C3s
60 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s80 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s
100 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s120 C5s
140 C5s
60 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s 100 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s 80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s90 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s
140 C5s120 C5s 140 C5s
140 C5s
60 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s100 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s
140 C5s
90 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s
100 C3s
100 C3s
120 C3s
100 C3s
120 C3s
120 C3s
140 C5s
80 C3s
90 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C5s120 C5s
10,00140 C5s
80 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s
140 C5s
3,00 m 4,00 m
120 C5s
140 C5s90 C3s
80 C3s
140 C5s
60 C3s
80 C3s
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
60,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
2,50 m
80 C3s
This table is only for preliminary estimate purposes and is not a substitute for a structural analysis.
Structural analysis
E X T E R N A L W A L L S 04/2012
External walls (w = 1.00 kN/m² )
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk
R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90 R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90 R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90
10,00 80 C3s 60 C3s 120 C3s
20,00
30,00 90 C3s
40,00
50,00
60,00 80 C3s 90 C3s 90 C3s 100 C5s
10,00 80 C3s 80 C3s 100 C5s
20,00 90 C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 140 C5s 120 C5s
10,00 60 C3s 90 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
10,00 60 C3s 120 C3s 90 C3s
20,00 100 C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 90 C3s 100 C3s 100 C3s 120 C3s
10,00 80 C3s 80 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 120 C5s
10,00 60 C3s 120 C3s 100 C5s 100 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 160 C5s
Load-bearing capacity: Fire resistance
a) Verif ication as a column (compression in accordance w ith equivalent member method)
b) Shearing stresses
kmod = 0.8 R0
R30
R60
R90
Height (buckling length)
v1,i = 0.63 mm/min
v1,a = 0.86 mm/min
60 C3s80 C3s
100 C5s120 C3s
60 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s
120 C3s
140 C5s
140 C5s
60 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C5s
120 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s100 C5s
120 C3s60 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s140 C5s
80 C3s
90 C3s
120 C3s
140 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s
90 C3s
60 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s 100 C5s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s
100 C5s
120 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s
120 C5s 140 C5s
60 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s100 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C5s
80 C3s
90 C3s 100 C5s120 C5s
90 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s
140 C5s
90 C3s
140 C5s
140 C5s
60 C3s
80 C3s90 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s
120 C5s
140 C5s90 C3s
100 C3s
120 C3s
140 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s
90 C3s
100 C5s
120 C5s
90 C3s
100 C3s
120 C5s140 C5s80 C3s
100 C5s
120 C3s
120 C5s 140 C5s
100 C3s
100 C5s
120 C3s
120 C5s140 C5s
3,00 m 4,00 m
10,00
100 C5s
120 C5s140 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s
100 C3s
100 C5s
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
60,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
100 C3s
2,50 m
This table is only for preliminary estimate purposes and is not a substitute for a structural analysis.
Structural analysis
S I N G L E S P A N B E A M - V I B R A T I O N 04/2012
Single-span beam_Vibration
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk 3,00 m 3,50 m 4,00 m 4,50 m 5,00 m 5,50 m 6,00 m 6,50 m 7,00 m
1,00 80 L3s 90 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s
2,00 120 L3s
2,80
3,50 90 L3s 120 L3s
4,00 100 L3s
5,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
1,00 80 L3s 100 L3s 200 L5s
2,00
2,80 120 L3s
3,50
4,00 90 L3s
5,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s 220 L7s – 2
1,00 120 L3s
2,00
2,80 90 L3s
3,50
4,00
5,00 200 L5s 240 L7s – 2 260 L7s – 2
1,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2 200 L5s
2,00
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
1,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s 220 L7s – 2 240 L7s – 2
2,00 90 L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 180 L5s 280 L7s – 2
Load‐bearing capacity: Serviceability: Fire resistance
a) Verification of bending stresses a) Quasi‐constant design situation HFA 2011
b) Verification of shearing stresses zul w fin = 250 v1 = 0.65 mm/min
b) Infrequent design situation:
kmod = 0.8 zul w q,inst = 300 R0
zul w fin ‐ w g,inst = 200 R30
c) Vibration R60
Vibration according to EN 1995‐1‐1 and Kreuzinger & Mohr R90
(f1 > 8 Hz or f1 > 5 Hz with a = 0.4m/s², v < vgrenz, wEF < 1 mm)
D = 2%, 5 cm cement screed, b = 1.2 ∙ ℓ
kdef = 0.6
Span of single-span beam
200 L5s
80 L3s
80 L3s
90 L3s 100 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
220 L7s – 2
240 L7s – 2
80 L3s
90 L3s
100 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
200 L5s
220 L7s – 2
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
140 L5s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
200 L5s
180 L5s
200 L5s
160 L5s – 2
220 L7s – 2
240 L7s – 2
90 L3s
220 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
240 L7s – 2
80 L3s
140 L5s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
90 L3s
90 L3s
100 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
140 L5s160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
200 L5s
3,00
100 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
140 L5s
220 L7s – 2240 L7s – 2
260 L7s – 2
240 L7s – 2
260 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2 240 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
160 L5s – 2
200 L5s
120 L3s
Since any vibration depends not only on the span but also on the mass, a thicker ceiling may be necessary despite a shorter span.
This table specifies the required thicknesses for the normal design situation (R0). The colour shading represents the fire resistance time which is also attained with this thickness. If a higher fire resistance time is required, a separate analysis must be carried out. This table is only for preliminary estimate purposes and is not a substitute for a structural analysis.
Structural analysis
S I N G L E - S P A N B E A M - D E F O R M A T I O N 04/2012
Single-span beam_deformation
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk 3,00 m 3,50 m 4,00 m 4,50 m 5,00 m 5,50 m 6,00 m 6,50 m 7,00 m
1,00 80 L3s 90 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s
2,00 120 L3s
2,80
3,50 90 L3s 120 L3s
4,00 100 L3s
5,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2 200 L5s
1,00 80 L3s 100 L3s 140 L5s 180 L5s 200 L5s
2,00
2,80 120 L3s
3,50
4,00 90 L3s
5,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 200 L5s 220 L7s – 2
1,00 120 L3s
2,00
2,80 90 L3s
3,50
4,00
5,00
1,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s
2,00
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2 200 L5s 220 L7s – 2
1,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 220 L7s – 2
2,00 90 L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 180 L5s
Load‐bearing capacity: Serviceability: Fire resistance
a) Verification of bending stresses a) Quasi‐constant design situation HFA 2011
b) Verification of shearing stresses zul w fin = 250 v1 = 0.65 mm/min
b) Infrequent design situation:
kmod = 0.8 zul w q,inst = 300 R0
zul w fin ‐ w g,inst = 200 R30
R60
kdef = 0.6 R90
220 L7s – 2
Span of single-span beam
180 L5s
240 L7s – 2
200 L5s
220 L7s – 2
180 L5s
180 L5s
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
200 L5s
220 L7s – 2
3,00
200 L5s
240 L7s – 2
100 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
200 L5s
220 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
90 L3s120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
140 L5s
140 L5s
90 L3s
120 L3s160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
140 L5s160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
200 L5s
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
200 L5s 220 L7s – 2
80 L3s
90 L3s
100 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s160 L5s – 2
200 L5s
220 L7s – 2
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
160 L5s – 2
80 L3s
80 L3s
90 L3s 100 L3s
120 L3s
220 L7s – 2
160 L5s – 2
80 L3s
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
200 L5s
120 L3s
140 L5s
140 L5s
140 L5s
90 L3s
100 L3s
120 L3s
This table specifies the required thicknesses for the normal design situation (R0). The colour shading represents the fire resistance time which is also attained with this thickness. If a higher fire resistance time is required, a separate analysis must be carried out. This table is only for preliminary estimate purposes and is not a substitute for a structural analysis.
Structural analysis
T W O - S P A N B E A M - V I B R A T I O N 04/2012
Two-span beam_Vibration
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk 3,00 m 3,50 m 4,00 m 4,50 m 5,00 m 5,50 m 6,00 m 6,50 m 7,00 m
1,00 60 L3s 80 L3s 80 L3s 100 L3s 120 L3s 140 L5s 180 L5s
2,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 200 L5s
2,80
3,50
4,00 90 L3s
5,00 100 L3s 120 L3s
1,00 80 L3s 180 L5s 220 L7s – 2
2,00
2,80 100 L3s
3,50 100 L3s
4,00 90 L3s
5,00 100 L3s 140 L5s 220 L7s – 2
1,00 120 L3s
2,00 120 L3s
2,80 80 L3s 120 L3s
3,50
4,00
5,00 100 L3s 200 L5s 240 L7s – 2 260 L7s – 2
1,00 80 L3s 120 L3s
2,00 90 L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 80 L3s 100 L3s
1,00 90 L3s 240 L7s – 2
2,00 90 L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 160 L5s – 2 220 L7s – 2
Load‐bearing capacity: Serviceability: Fire resistance
a) Verification of bending stresses a) Quasi‐constant design situation β = 0.65 mm/min
b) Verification of shearing stresses zul w fin = 250
b) Infrequent design situation: R0
kmod = 0.8 zul w q,inst = 300 R30
zul w fin ‐ w g,inst = 200 R60
c) Vibration R90
Vibration according to EN 1995‐1‐1 and Kreuzinger & Mohr
(f1 > 8 Hz or f1 > 5 Hz with a = 0.4m/s², v < vgrenz, wEF < 1 mm)
D = 2%, 5 cm cement screed, b = 1.2 ∙ ℓ
kdef = 0.6
80 L3s
80 L3s
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
Span of single-span beam
120 L3s140 L5s
280 L7s – 2
200 L5s
220 L7s – 2
3,00
180 L5s
140 L5s 160 L5s – 2
80 L3s160 L5s – 2
260 L7s – 2
80 L3s100 L3s
80 L3s
90 L3s 120 L3s
220 L7s – 2 240 L7s – 2
180 L5s
200 L5s
240 L7s – 2
260 L7s – 2
200 L5s
220 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
240 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
240 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
240 L7s – 2220 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
100 L3s
120 L3s
240 L7s – 2
140 L5s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
200 L5s
120 L3s200 L5s
140 L5s
80 L3s
80 L3s
90 L3s
120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
120 L3s
120 L3s140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
120 L3s
90 L3s180 L5s
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
80 L3s
80 L3s
80 L3s
90 L3s
100 L3s
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
Since any vibration depends not only on the span but also on the mass, a thicker ceiling may be necessary despite a shorter span. The analysis was carried out using the imposed load on one field. In the event of imposed loads on both fields, the required ceiling thickness may be reduced. This table specifies the required thicknesses for the normal design situation (R0). The colour shading represents the fire resistance time which is also attained with this thickness. If a higher fire resistance time is required, a separate analysis must be carried out. This table is only for preliminary estimate purposes and is not a substitute for a structural analysis.
Structural analysis
T W O - S P A N B E A M - D E F O R M A T I O N 04/2012
Two-span beam_Deformation
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk 3,00 m 3,50 m 4,00 m 4,50 m 5,00 m 5,50 m 6,00 m 6,50 m 7,00 m
1,00 80 L3s 80 L3s 90 L3s 120 L3s 140 L5s
2,00 90 L3s 100 L3s 160 L5s – 2
2,80 80 L3s 90 L3s 100 L3s
3,50
4,00 90 L3s 160 L5s – 2 180 L5s
5,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 140 L5s 160 L5s – 2 160 L5s – 2 180 L5s 200 L5s
1,00 60 L3s 80 L3s 90 L3s 100 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
2,00 90 L3s
2,80 90 L3s
3,50
4,00 90 L3s 180 L5s
5,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 140 L5s 160 L5s – 2 180 L5s 200 L5s
1,00 90 L3s 100 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
2,00 90 L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00 90 L3s
5,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 140 L5s 160 L5s – 2 180 L5s 200 L5s
1,00 80 L3s 90 L3s 140 L5s 160 L5s – 2
2,00 80 L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 80 L3s 100 L3s 160 L5s – 2
1,00 80 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s
2,00
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 100 L3s 200 L5s 220 L7s – 2
Load‐bearing capacity: Serviceability: Fire resistance
a) Verification of bending stresses a) Quasi‐constant design situation HFA 2011
b) Verification of shearing stresses zul w fin = 250 v1 = 0.65 mm/min
b) Infrequent design situation:
kmod = 0.8 zul w q,inst = 300 R0
zul w fin ‐ w g,inst = 200 R30
R60
kdef = 0.6 R90
Span of single-span beam
140 L5s
140 L5s
200 L5s160 L5s – 2
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s3,00
160 L5s – 2
80 L3s
80 L3s
90 L3s
100 L3s
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
180 L5s
200 L5s
160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
160 L5s – 2
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
120 L3s
120 L3s
80 L3s
90 L3s
100 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
80 L3s
80 L3s
80 L3s100 L3s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
160 L5s – 2
80 L3s
80 L3s
100 L3s
100 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s120 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
120 L3s
140 L5s
120 L3s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
140 L5s
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
60 L3s
80 L3s
80 L3s
80 L3s
100 L3s
140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
The analysis was carried out using the imposed load on one field. In the event of imposed loads on both fields, the required ceiling thickness may be reduced. This table specifies the required thicknesses for the normal design situation (R0). The colour shading represents the fire resistance time which is also attained with this thickness. If a higher fire resistance time is required, a separate analysis must be carried out. This table is only for preliminary estimate purposes and is not a substitute for a structural analysis.
Structural analysis
A P P L I C A T I O N E X A M P L E - C E I L I N G 04/2012
1.) Assumption regarding dead weight
- The dead weight of the ceiling structure (screed, etc.) is assumed, for example, to be gk = 1.5 kN/m²; the dead weight of the CLT panel has already been taken into account in the table.
2.) Assumption regarding imposed load
- Living space 2.00 kN/m² + partition wall allowance 0.8 kN/m² nk = 2.8 kN/m²
(Different imposed loads must be inserted, depending on the type of use, e.g. meeting room, office, pitched roof area, etc.)
3.) Determining span
- There are two options: single-span beam and two-span beam single-span beam with 4.5 m is used in this case.
4.) Defining criterion for evidence of serviceability
- There are two different criteria: evidence of deformation (see separate dimensioning table) and evidence of vibration properties evidence of vibration properties is decisive in this case.
5.) Using a preliminary estimate table
- A CLT 120 L3s is proposed; this meets the R 30 specifications at the same time. Single-span beam_Vibration
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk 3,00 m 3,50 m 4,00 m 4,50 m 5,00 m 5,50 m 6,00 m 6,50 m 7,00 m
1,00 80 L3s 90 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s
2,00 120 L3s
2,80
3,50 90 L3s 120 L3s
4,00 100 L3s
5,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
1,00 80 L3s 100 L3s 200 L5s
2,00
2,80 120 L3s
3,50
4,00 90 L3s
5,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s 220 L7s – 2
1,00 120 L3s
2,00
2,80 90 L3s
3,50
4,00
5,00 200 L5s 240 L7s – 2 260 L7s – 2
1,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2 200 L5s
2,00
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 100 L3s 120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
1,00 90 L3s 120 L3s 180 L5s 220 L7s – 2 240 L7s – 2
2,00 90 L3s
2,80
3,50
4,00
5,00 180 L5s 280 L7s – 2
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Span of single-span beam
1,00
80 L3s 120 L3s140 L5s 160 L5s – 2
220 L7s – 290 L3s 100 L3s
80 L3s 120 L3s220 L7s – 2
140 L5s 200 L5s
200 L5s
140 L5s160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
240 L7s – 2
1,50
90 L3s 120 L3s
140 L5s160 L5s – 2
180 L5s 220 L7s – 2
80 L3s 120 L3s
220 L7s – 2100 L3s 200 L5s240 L7s – 2
140 L5s120 L3s 160 L5s – 2
90 L3s 120 L3s 120 L3s
2,00
80 L3s100 L3s 120 L3s 200 L5s
220 L7s – 2 240 L7s – 2
140 L5s160 L5s – 2
180 L5s
220 L7s – 2
140 L5s 160 L5s – 2
200 L5s 240 L7s – 2 260 L7s – 2140 L5s
2,50
90 L3s
140 L5s160 L5s – 2
90 L3s
3,00
120 L3s140 L5s
160 L5s – 2
220 L7s – 2 240 L7s – 2
120 L3s120 L3s
180 L5s
220 L7s – 2
220 L7s – 2
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
140 L5s 200 L5s 240 L7s – 2260 L7s – 2
100 L3s 160 L5s – 2120 L3s
R0
R30
R60
R90
Structural analysis
A P P L I C A T I O N E X A M P L E - W A L L 04/2012
1.) Determining the effects on the external wall
EG
DG
Einwirkung auf Wände OG aus Dach (längs zur Traufe)gk =13 kN/m sk = 27 kN/m
Win
dd
ruck
wk
= 0
,8 k
N/m
²
Einwirkung auf Wände OG aus Dach (längs zur Traufe)gk =13 kN/m sk = 27 kN/m
Einwirkung auf Wände EG aus Decke (längs zur Traufe)gk = 17 kN/m (aus Decke)qk = 13 kN/m (aus Decke)
2.) Determining the buckling length of the wall
- In this case the buckling length corresponds to the wall height = 2.90 m ~ 3.00 m
3.) Determining criteria for the fire load
- “Fire-retardant” = R 30
4.) Using a preliminary estimate table
- A CLT 90 C3s is proposed External walls (w = 1.00 kN/m² )
Dead weight
Imposed load
gk*) nk
R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90 R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90 R 0 R 30 R 60 R 90
10,00 80 C3s 60 C3s 120 C3s
20,00
30,00 90 C3s
40,00
50,00
60,00 80 C3s 90 C3s 90 C3s 100 C5s
10,00 80 C3s 80 C3s 100 C5s
20,00 90 C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 140 C5s 120 C5s
10,00 60 C3s 90 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
10,00 60 C3s 120 C3s 90 C3s
20,00 100 C3s
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 90 C3s 100 C3s 100 C3s 120 C3s
10,00 80 C3s 80 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 120 C5s
10,00 60 C3s 120 C3s 100 C5s 100 C3s
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00 160 C5s
10,0060 C3s
80 C3s 120 C3s
In accordance w ith approval Z 9.1-559DIN 1052 (2008) and/or EN 1995-1-1 (2006)
Height (buckling length)
2,50 m 3,00 m 4,00 m
100 C5s80 C3s
60 C3s
80 C3s100 C5s
120 C3s
140 C5s120 C5s
80 C3s 140 C5s100 C3s
80 C3s 100 C5s
60 C3s
80 C3s100 C5s
120 C3s
20,00
60 C3s
80 C3s120 C3s
80 C3s
80 C3s
140 C5s100 C5s 120 C5s
80 C3s 140 C5s
100 C3s
90 C3s 90 C3s 100 C5s
120 C3s80 C3s
100 C5s
120 C3s
30,00
60 C3s
80 C3s 100 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s
120 C5s 140 C5s80 C3s
100 C3s
140 C5s90 C3s 90 C3s 100 C5s
140 C5s 120 C5s
40,00
60 C3s
80 C3s100 C5s
120 C3s80 C3s
100 C5s
80 C3s
80 C3s
120 C5s 140 C5s80 C3s 140 C5s90 C3s 90 C3s 100 C5s
140 C5s 120 C5s
50,00
60 C3s
80 C3s100 C5s
120 C3s
80 C3s
100 C5s
90 C3s
100 C3s
120 C5s 140 C5s90 C3s
100 C5s
100 C3s 120 C3s
90 C3s
140 C5s
80 C3s 140 C5s 120 C5s
90 C3s 100 C3s
140 C5s
90 C3s
120 C5s140 C5s
80 C3s 140 C5s 120 C5s
100 C5s
90 C3s 100 C3s 100 C3s
60,00
80 C3s100 C5s
80 C3s
120 C3s120 C5s
* The CLT self‐weight is already taken into account in the table at ρ = 500 kg/m³! Service class 1, imposed load category A (ψ0 = 0.7; ψ1 = 0.5; ψ2 = 0.3)
R0
R30
R60
R90
- This requires information about the building location (altitude, snow zone, wind zone, etc.)
- Since the outer wall usually bears the weight of the roof, information is required about the roof structure.
- Determination of the characteristic values is sufficent to use the tables. The design val-ues are automatically taken into account in the tables.
Effect on ground floor walls (lengthwise along the eaves)
gk = 13 kN/m (from roof) + 17 kN/m (from ceiling) = 30 kN/m
sk = 27 kN/m (from roof)
qk = 13 kN/m (from ceiling) sk + qk = 40 kN/m
wk = 0.8 kN/mi (from wind pressure)
2,9000
Effect on upper floor walls from roof (parallel to eaves)
Effect on upper floor walls from roof (parallel to eaves)
Effect on upper floor walls from roof (parallel to eaves)
(from ceiling)(from ceiling)
Win
d pr
essu
re =
0,8
kN
/m²
Structural analysis
E A R T H Q U A K E S 04/2012
Thanks to their high static strength and flexibility, buildings built with CLT solid wood panels perform superbly in areas of seismic activity. As solid wood is lighter than concrete, the weight of the building is better able to with-stand tremors.
In recent years, six- and seven-storey solid wood buildings were tested on the world’s largest vibrating table in Japan during simulations of earthquakes measuring 7.5 on the open-ended Richter scale. The buildings suffered virtually no damage. (See also: http://www.progettosofie.it/ita/multimedia.html) “Earthquake performance of buildings of solid wood construction”
At the request of Stora Enso, Graz University of Technology composed a 214-page work comparing CLT, tile and concrete in terms of earthquake performance. The work also clearly demonstrates how to perform a structural analysis (according to Eurocode 8) with regard to earthquakes.
The information brochure can be downloaded from www.clt.info .
“Evidence of the earthquake safety of wooden buildings”
In addition, Stora Enso recommends the extremely informative study on the earthquake safety of wooden build-ings written by the Chamber of Engineers in North Rhine Westphalia and Düsseldorf. (See: www.ikbaunrw.de)
Project management and transport
Project management & transport
C L T O R D E R P R O C E S S I N G 04/2012
Quotation phase
We will be happy to draw up an appropriate quotation for you based on your documents. Documents can be submitted to Stora Enso in the following form: � Tender text (cuttings must be taken into account)
� Individual part drawings
We will gladly assist you in determining the appropriate dimensions from planning permission submissions and building site plans. A preliminary estimate program which enables easy determination of amounts can be down-loaded free of charge from www.clt.info. If you require our assistance during preliminary dimensioning, please provide the following information: � Imposed load
� Permanent loads (load, floor structure, etc.)
� Location (snow load)
Please note that the amounts determined by Stora Enso may differ from those actually required, as defini-tive dimensioning is only carried out during the course of the preparation for work.
Order phase
If Stora Enso submits a quotation for your project, we would be grateful if you would sign and return this to us as confirmation that you wish to place the order.
A provisional production reservation is made based on the previously determined amounts. This then results in an agreed delivery date which can be met by Stora Enso under the following conditions: � Forwarding of the required individual part drawings (see Individual part drawing request) summarised in
“*.dwg” or “*.dxf” format, containing the following information:
– Panel numbering
– Span directions
– Panel thickness
– Complete dimensions
– Panel joint
– Surface quality
– Visible side
� Completed order form � Approval by the customer at least 12 days before dispatch of the panel drawings/charging list drawn up by
Stora Enso
� No requests for changes by the customer during the final 12 working days before dispatch Once the required documents have been received, the Stora Enso CLT engineering team will commence the de-finitive planning of your project.
On completion of the plans by Stora Enso, we request that you check them along with the panel, freight and charging list, and provide us with your written approval.
Once we have received these documents from you, Stora Enso will commence production of your CLT project.
The machined CLT panels are delivered to the destination at the agreed time in the appropriate transport se-quence (see “Transport”).
Project management & transport
I N D I V I D U A L P A R T D R A W I N G S 04/2012
In the case of three-dimensional drawings, after consultation with our CLT engineering department ([email protected]), we can further process your drawing files in *.ifc, *.3d DWG, *.3d dxf or *.sat (acis) format.
Otherwise, we require individual part drawings, which must include the following information:
� Panel numbering
� Grain direction of cover layers
� Panel thickness + panel type (C or L)
� Complete dimensions
� Panel joint
� Surface quality
� Position of visible side
� Position of upper loading side Please ensure that we receive your drawings on schedule in order to meet your requested delivery date. In gen-eral, 20 working days should be allowed between reception of the plans and the delivery date.
The drawing, which should be prepared as an orthographic projection with labelled views, may be similar to the following: For walls
Project management & transport
I N D I V I D U A L P A R T D R A W I N G S 04/2012
For ceilings
Please send us your individual part drawings combined in one “*.dwg” or “*.dxf” file. In general, you should ensure that part labelling is unambiguous. For large buildings, you can ensure unambigu-ous labelling by sending us drawings for each floor. The order in which panels are later loaded should also be taken into consideration when preparing drawings (panel numbering).
Project management & transport
C H A R G E D D I M E N S I O N S 04/2012
Charged lengths: From minimum production length of 8.00 m per charged width up to max. 16.00 m (in 10 cm increments)
Charged widths: 2.45 m, 2.75 m, 2.95 m Example 1 15,900 x 2,950 mm
Charged dimensions: 2.95 x 15.90 46.91 m² Area of panel (net): 38.59 m² Cutting waste: 8.32 m² Charged dimensions: 46.91m² Example 2 12,100 x 2,450 mm
Charged dimensions: 2.45 x 12.10 29.65 m² Area of panel (net): 23.58 m² Cutting waste: 6.07 m² Charged dimensions: 29.65 m²
Project management & transport
T R A N S P O R T 04/2012
Horizontal transport
A standard articulated trailer can be loaded to a maximum of 25 t in the case of horizontal transport, with a maxi-mum load length of 13.6 m and a maximum load width of 2.95 m. If the panel thickness permits, CLT solid wood panels with a maximum length of 16.0 m can also be transported with a standard articulated trailer. A density of 470 kg/m³ can be applied to calculate the loading weight. If any special equipment is required, we will be happy to provide this. However, please note the following chang-es to the max. load length, width and weight.
Standard equipment Max. load Max. load length Max. load width
Standard articulated trailer 25 t 13.60 m 2.95
Special equipment Max. load Max. load length Max. load width
Extendable trailer 22 t 16.00 m 2.95 m
Steerable trailer 22 t 16.00 m 2.95 m Steerable trailer with all-wheel drive 20-22 t 16.00 m 2.95 m
Once loaded, the CLT solid wood panels are secured using 3 nailed straps per side to prevent sideways slippage and then covered with a truck tarpaulin. This is necessary to protect the panels against ambient influences. Cardboard edge protectors are also placed between the lashing straps and the panels.
When transporting visible quality panels, the panels are wrapped in UV impermeable foil before they leave the factory.
We use a minimum of 8 wooden skids (75 x 75 mm or 95 x 95 mm) as standard under the first layer of panels loaded onto the trailer. However, each subsequent layer is stacked horizontally, directly on top of the previous layer.
Please inform us when placing the order (and include diagrams) if you require intermediate wooden skids for un-loading by crane or forklift. The wooden skids will be taken back by the haulage company. If you keep the skids for your own use, we will charge them to your account.
As standard up to 13.6 m or projecting up to max. 16.0 m (depending on panel thickness)
max
. 4 m
max
. 2.6
m
1.4
m
Wooden skid for unloading by forklift on request
Standard wooden skid for first panel layer
Perforated strap
Project management & transport
T R A N S P O R T 04/2012
Vertical transport
A mega trailer can be loaded to a maximum of 20 t in the case of vertical transport, with a max. load length of 13.6 m and a max. load height of 3.0 m. Please note that as a result of the A-shaped frames, the load lifting radi-us is smaller than with horizontal transport (max. approx. 40 m³ depending on the panel edge dimensions and thicknesses). A density of 470 kg/m³ can be applied to calculate the load weight.
Each trailer has at least 6 A-shaped frames against which the CLT solid wood panels can be leaned and then screwed to each other (screw points are marked in colour). The panels are then further connected to each other using lashing straps on the sides of the racks, and the entire load is then also firmly strapped together.
The panels are also placed on chocks which prevent them from slipping or tilting.
As with horizontal transport, cardboard edge protectors are placed between the lashing straps and the panels.
If visible quality panels are to be loaded vertically, it may be necessary to screw fastening screws through the visible surface to ensure the necessary load securing measures.
If the A-shaped frames or chocks are not returned to us, we will charge them to your account.
A-shaped frame
Chock
Non-slip mat
max
. 3 m
max. 2.50 m
max. 13.6 m
Project management & transport
T E R M S O F T R A N S P O R T 04/2012
You must adhere to the following terms and ensure compliance with them for Stora Enso: 1. Access to the building site must be suitable for an articulated lorry or trailer-truck. You must ensure that
the public roads leading to the building site can accommodate an articulated lorry having a total length of approx. 19 m.
2. Transport costs and any additional costs resulting from idle, reloading or handling times shall be charged
to the purchaser. The transport price includes 3 hours’ idle time for unloading but does not include work required for moving or unloading goods. The agreed price of €15.00 or €25.00 (excl. VAT) (for articulated trailers) will be charged separately for each additional quarter of an hour or part thereof. The lorry driver must sign for any idle times.
3. A maximum of 40 m³ or 20 t of CLT solid wood panels can be transported horizontally per truck load (de-
pending on the articulated lorry). The loading order for the panels can only be complied with to the extent that this does not result in a violation of traffic laws or impair transport conditions.
4. Transport requirements are calculated based on a standard articulated lorry. If the building site can only
be accessed by a special steerable articulated trailer or similar vehicle, the additional expense will be charged to the customer.
5. Normal postponement of a delivery date (i.e. up to 3 working days) can be requested by up to a period of
10 working days prior to delivery at no charge to the customer. If notice of delivery postponement is given less than 10 working days before delivery, €100.00 (excl. VAT) will be charged per day postponed for storage and handling.
6. Transport is defined as: CPT – Carriage Paid To. 7. If the goods are collected by the customer, the carrier must provide the appropriate equipment to ensure
safe loading and transport. In the event of any delivery postponement (see item 5), applicable storage and handling costs must also be taken into account. If the equipment does not comply with the necessary stipulations and thus optimum load securing cannot be guaranteed, Stora Enso shall not ship any items.
8. If unforeseen events occur which are beyond Stora Enso’s control, Stora Enso shall be entitled to post-
pone delivery correspondingly, even if such events only have an indirect effect on processing the order.
The items listed above regarding transport of Stora Enso CLT solid wood panels are essential for the order to be agreed.
Project management & transport
T E N D E R T E X T 04/2012
Tender text for CLT solid wood panels The following tender texts are intended as a suggestion or guideline and can be expanded or reduced as re-quired. These texts relate to the cross-laminated timber shell and must be adapted to the particular building pro-ject. Ideally, the items for additional coating layers and their connections should be formulated in accordance with the Austrian Building Specifications (LBHB). A. Cross-laminated timber: general description and specifications Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a laminar timber panel made up of at least three solid wood layers bonded at right angles to each other. 3-, 5- and 7-layer panels are mainly used. Cross-laminated timber is also known as CLT or X-Lam.
CLT must comply with the “General Building Inspection Approval (ABZ)” of the German Institute for Structural En-gineering and the “European Technical Approval (ETA)”. The manufacturer must hold the relevant certificates of conformity and be entitled to mark the products with the Ü and CE marks. The manufacturing plant must hold a glulam certificate to DIN 1052.
The raw material used (softwood) must have a wood moisture content of approx. 12% and meet strength class C24 as a minimum.
Finger jointing of the individual boards to form lamellas must be performed in the form of flat dovetailing. The board lamellas of the individual layers must be laterally bonded to form single-layer panels (for reasons with respect to building physics and structural engineering, and to ensure a proper connection). Boards which are simply laid next to each other may not be used as cover or middle layers. In addition, test certificates document-ing the product’s airtightness must also be available.
Formaldehyde-free adhesives must be used to bond the finger joints, single-layer panels (bonding the narrow sides of the individual boards) and for the crosswise bonding of the single-layer panels to form multi-layer panels.
A general finger joint (finger jointing across the entire cross-section of a panel) is not permissible.
The surface of non-visible, industrial visible and visible quality panels must be sanded and graded according to Stora Enso’s requirements.
The design must be based solely on the concept of large-format, cross-laminated timber panels (up to a maxi-mum panel size of 2.95 m x 16 m). This provides for high-strength wall, ceiling and roof panels while keeping the number of panel joints to a minimum. Suggested product
CLT in accordance with the “General Building Inspection Approval Z-9.1-559” of the German Institute for Struc-tural Engineering and “European Technical Approval ETA-08/0271”. Manufacturer Stora Enso WP Bad St. Leonhard GesmbH Stora Enso Wood Products GmbH Wisperndorf 4 Bahnhofstraße 31 A-9462 Bad St. Leonhard AT-3370 Ybbs/Donau, Austria
Tel.: +43 (0) 4350 2301-3207 Tel.: +43 (0) 4350 2301-3207 Fax: +43 (0) 2826 7001 88-3207 Fax: +43 (0) 2826 7001 88-3207
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.clt.info www.clt.info
Project management & transport
T E N D E R T E X T 04/2012
B. General information Panels
The panels are not treated with any coatings, wood preservatives or similar at the factory. Available surface qualities:
� Visible quality (VI, one-sided or BVI, on both sides)
� Industrial visible quality (IVI, one-sided industrial visual quality and one-sided visible quality)
� Industrial non-visible quality (INV, one-sided industrial visible quality, one-sided non-visible quality)
� Non-visible quality (NVI, on both sides) Construction/structural analysis
The orientation of the panel cover layers must take account of load transfer and structural analysis considera-tions. Transport/assembly
The panels must be protected against direct weathering during transport, assembly and when standing as a shell. Particularly where cross-laminated timber is used for visible panels it is important to avoid water stains and other cosmetic flaws. The technical function of the panels will not be impaired if they briefly come into contact with wa-ter. The entire shell should be covered using a protective sheet or tarpaulins until it has been rendered rain-proof.
The building company must establish details of site conditions (access possibilities, position of the crane, etc.) so that delivery and assembly of the solid wood panels can be carried out appropriately.
The CLT solid wood panels must be transferred using lifting gear provided on site or by the contractor. For un-loading purposes, wall panels are generally provided with two attachment points, and ceiling panels with four at-tachment points. The respective panel’s weight and the transport position must be taken into account when decid-ing on the attachment points. Only undamaged suspension gear, chains or slings with an adequate load capacity and load hooks with a safety catch may be used.
Care must be taken to ensure that the crane system is adequately stable during the construction phase. Joints
A butt joint with a rebate on both sides and a jointing board or stepped rebate is recommended as the standard panel joint.
Nails, wood screws (usually self-tapping wood screws), bolts, pins and special-design dowels may be used as fasteners, as specified in the approval documents. The number and position of the fasteners must be determined in accordance with design and structural analysis considerations.
The panel joints must be made wind-proof and airtight (e.g. using wall gasket “Compriband”, expanded foam strips, butyl strip sealants, etc.).
Base points - sole plates: CLT solid wood panels must be protected against rising damp at points at which they are in contact with concrete, masonry etc. Any unevenness in the floor plate must be corrected before commencing the building work by level-ling with shims (padding elements) or appropriate sleepers. If the panels do not achieve a flush connection, the base joints must be thoroughly filled (e.g. using self-levelling mortar).
Project management & transport
T E N D E R T E X T 04/2012
Wiring
It is recommended that wiring cut-outs are prefabricated at the factory, wherever possible. If cut out on site, the load-bearing longitudinal CLT layers must not be weakened by transverse cuts or cross-sections.
If cut-outs for wiring are produced on site by craftsmen, the contractor must monitor the craftsmen's work to en-sure that structurally important areas are not weakened. Costing
The itemised prices must include:
� All consumables and auxiliary parts such as: fasteners, jointing boards, sole plate timbers, sound-insulation and joint sealant strips
� All costs for a crane and other lifting gear � All auxiliary equipment and structures needed to assemble the panels
� Measures to protect against weathering during assembly
� Any protective measures required for installed visible surfaces (e.g. thin soft wood fibred panels, lengths of felt, foam films, etc.)
Note
CLT manufacturers charge contractors on the basis of the rectangular area circumscribed by the charged widths, including any waste from cut-outs and off-cuts.
Charged lengths: from minimum production length of 8.00 m per charged width up to max. 16.00 m (in 10 cm in-crements).
Charged widths: for walls and ceilings: 245, 275 and 295 cm. Charging of the client by the contractor in accordance with this tender is based on standard practice (certain openings, gables, etc. are disregarded or deducted when measuring) for walls, ceilings and roofs.
Project management & transport
T E N D E R T E X T 04/2012
C. Examples for item texts Wall panels
Machine (including window and door cut-outs, notches, rebates, etc.), supply and assemble wall panels onto the appropriate sub-structure. All the necessary fastening and sealing materials and any interlocking panels required (e.g. panel strips made of 3-layer panels or similar) must be included. Cross-laminated timber Wood type: Spruce Surface: Smooth, sanded on both sides Surface quality: Non-visible (NVI), industrial visible and visible quality (VI, one-sided visible) Structure: single-layer panel design throughout Recommended product: CLT - cross-laminated timber to Z-9.1-559 and ETA-08/0271 Manufacturer: Stora Enso WP Bad St. Leonhard GesmbH or Stora Enso Wood Products GmbH Item 01: Wall panel CLT 100 C3s Quantity: 1 Panel thickness: 100 mm, laminated in 3 layers, cover layer vertical Panel height and length: 2.95 m x 9.40 m Panel size: parallel wall height or varying wall height Surface quality: Non-visible (NVI)
No. of openings < 1.5 m²: 2
No. of openings < 1.5 m²: 3
Labour ………………….
Misc. …………………. ………. m² Unit price …………………. Total …………………. Product offered: …………………………………………………….. Manufacturer: ……………………………………………………..
Project management & transport
T E N D E R T E X T 04/2012
Ceiling panels/roof panels
Machine (including cut-outs, notches, rebates, etc.), supply and assemble ceiling or roof panels onto the sub-structure. All the necessary fastening and sealing materials and any interlocking panels required (e.g. panel strips made of 3-layer panels or similar) must be included. Cross-laminated timber Wood type: Spruce Surface: Smooth, sanded on both sides Surface quality: Non-visible (NVI), industrial visible or visible quality (VI, one side visible) Structure: single-layer panel design throughout Recommended product: CLT - cross-laminated timber to Z-9.1-559 and ETA-08/0271 Manufacturer: Stora Enso Timber Bad St. Leonhard GesmbH or Stora Enso Wood Products GmbH Item 02 Ceiling or roof panel CLT 180 L5s Quantity: 1 Panel thickness: 180 mm, laminated in 5 layers, cover layer longitudinal Panel width: 2.75 m Panel length: 11.20 m Plan shape: right angle
No. of openings < 1.5 m²: 2
No. of openings < 1.5 m²: 3 Labour …………………. Misc. …………………. ………. m² Unit price …………………. Total …………………. Product offered: ……………………………………………………... Manufacturer: ……………………………………………………...
Machining
Machining
C L T - C R O S S - L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
Below is an overview of the machining options of our Hundegger CLT panel cutting machine.
The machining options shown here cover most common machining operations. Any special machining operations must always be clarified in advance and evaluated in conjunction with the Production department. Machining options with the panel cutting machine NOTE: as a basic principle, make sure that all machining process are performed on the same side of the panel (panel surface).
Individual double sided panel machining operations are only possible upon request (in this case, the panel must be turned over). NOTE 2: by way of example, the illustration (on the right) shows several individual parts “nesting” inside a raw panel with different machining techniques.
Panel 1
Panel 2
Panel 3
Panel 4
No special edge working (e.g. rebates on underside, groove, horizontal bore) is possi-ble.
In this case, it is also possible to work rebates on the underside of the panel, as the tool can process the individual part from the outer edge of the raw panel.
Machining
C L T - C R O S S - L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
a) Window and door cut-outs b) Purlin/rafter/tie beam notches
Tools used :
� Circular saw
� Chainsaw
� Finger-joint cutter
Note:
With VI panels, cut-outs in corner areas are milled as standard using the finger-joint cutter (therefore a corner radius of at least 20 mm, from 160 mm panel thickness 40 mm) and not cut out with the chainsaw (because of the risk of the chainsaw blade pulling out or splashing oil).
Rounded corners on VI panels Sharp-edged corners on NVI/IVI panels
Tools used :
� Chainsaw for NVI/IVI panels
� Finger-joint cutter for VI panels
Note:
In the case of purlin/rafter/tie beam notches, the corners can be formed using the chainsaw, which may have an adverse effect on the appearance (overlap).
Machining
C L T - C R O S S - L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
c) Double mitre cuts d) Rebate and groove milling
d 1) Single rebates
Tools used :
� Circular saw
� Chainsaw
� Finger-joint cutter
Note:
With extremely complex details, the corners may be recut manually with a chainsaw.
This should particularly be taken into account with VI panels.
Tools used :
� Plain milling cutter
� Finger-joint cutter
Tools used :
� Plain milling cutter with 3-axis assembly
Note:
Plain milling cutter h = 12 mm max. rebate width: 100 mm
Plain milling cutter h = 27 mm max. rebate width: 80 mm
Plain milling cutter h = 40 mm max. rebate width: 80 mm
Plain milling cutter h = 120 mm max. rebate width: 120 mm
Machining
C L T - C R O S S - L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
d 2) Double rebates d 3) Groove or slot milling d 4) Interlocking tiles
Tools used :
� Plain milling cutter with 3-axis assembly
Note:
Rebates on the panel surface are possible in any rebate width and height.
Rebates on the underside of the panel depend on the tool used, but must have a minimum rebate height of 12 mm.
Tools used:
� Plain milling cutter with 3-axis assembly
Note:
Plain milling cutter h = 12mm max. rebate width: 100 mm Plain milling cutter h = 27mm max. rebate width: 80 mm Plain milling cutter h = 40mm max. rebate width: 80 mm Plain milling cutter h = 120mm max. rebate width: 120 mm
Tools used :
� Plain milling cutters
� Finger-joint cutter d = 40 mm
Note:
In the case of interlocking tiles, the plain milling cutter is used to cut to the desired point. The corner is recut using the finger-joint cutter d = 40 mm. A rounded edge of r = 20 mm is left.
Plain milling cutter Finger-joint cutter r = 20 mm
Machining
C L T - C R O S S - L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
e) Birdsmouths f) Step machining or similar g) Circular holes NOTE: With the Ø 40 mm and Ø 80 finger-joint cutters, holes cannot be made with a precise diameter of 40 mm or 80 mm as they scorch severely during the drilling process. 40 mm and 80 mm holes must be machined with diameters which are at least 5 mm larger.
Tools used:
� Plain milling cutter with 5-axis assembly
Tools used:
� Finger-joint cutter; d = 40 / 80 mm
Note:
Smallest circular hole diameter: 45 mm
Max. bore depth at d = 40 mm: 160 mm
Max. bore depth at d = 80 mm: 300 mm
Tools used:
� Finger-joint cutter
� Plain milling cutter
Note:
If a plain milling cutter is used, this must start laterally at the edge. Finger-joint cutters can be used directly from above.
Machining
C L T - C R O S S - L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
h) Holes i) Electrical ducts j) Horizontal holes (only possible on PBA 2)
k) Free-form operations
Tools used:
� Finger-joint cutter; d = 40 / 80 mm
Note:
Possible structural impairments as a result of milled or saw cuts, etc. must be taken into account at the planning stage.
Tools used :
� Finger-joint cutter; d = 40 / 80 mm
Note:
Max. bore depth at d = 40 mm: 160 mm Max. bore depth at d = 80 mm: 300 mm
Tools used:
� Drill bit; d = 28 mm
Note:
Max. drill depth: 1500 mm;
Min. centre distance for adjacent horizontal holes: 50 mm (no overlapping holes).
Horizontal holes are only possible on a panel longitudinal edge.
Tools used:
� Drill bit; d = 8 / 10 / 20 / 22 / 30 / 35 mm
Machining
C L T - C R O S S - L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
l) Blind holes/pockets m) VI ceiling joints n) Special ceiling joints
Tools used:
� Finger-joint cutter; d = 40 / 80 mm
Note:
In principle, possible on the panel surface. No sharp corners possible as the blind holes are made with a finger-joint cutter.
Tools used:
� Manual chamfering plane
Note:
The edges of the VI ceiling joints are manually provided with a 2 x 2 mm chamfer on each visible side.
Tools used:
� Circular saw
� Plain milling cutter
Note:
This variant is sometimes used for ceiling joints with "flush joists" with steel I-beams for visible ceiling elements.
Reference buildings
Reference buildings
J U N G L I N S T E R ( L U X E M B O U R G ) . A p p r o x . 4 0 5 m ³ o f C L T 04/2012
One-family house
Reference buildings
S T . T H O M A S / B L A S E N S T E I N ( A U S T R I A ) . A p p r o x . 1 1 0 m ³ o f C L T 04/2012
One-family house
Reference buildings
L O N D O N ( U K ) . A p p r o x . 1 , 3 0 0 m ³ o f C L T 04/2012
Residential building
London (UK). Ca. 1.300 m³ CLT.
Reference buildings
Ü B E L B A C H ( A U S T R I A ) . A p p r o x . 1 6 3 m ³ o f C L T 04/ 2012
Nursery
.
Reference buildings
Y B B S ( A U S T R I A ) . A p p r o x . 1 2 0 m ³ o f C L T 04/2012
Primary school
Ybbs (AT). Ca. 120 m³ CLT.
Reference buildings
L I N Z ( A U S T R I A ) . A p p r o x . 1 1 3 m ³ o f C L T 04/2012
Special needs school
Notes
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C L T – C R O S S L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
NotesNotesNotesNotes
C L T – C R O S S L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012
NotesNotesNotesNotes
C L T – C R O S S L A M I N A T E D T I M B E R 04/2012