01 mapping introduction

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Introductionto Mapping in XIAuthor: Joachim Orb


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SAP AG 2004, Mapping Introduction, Joachim Orb

Object ives

Af te r comp le t i ng th i s sess ion , you w i l l be ab le to :Where mapping steps occur in SAP XI

Which mapping techniques you can use within SAP XI

How to implement different mapping techniques in SAP XI


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Overview

Overview Mapping Introduction

Java Mapping

XSLT Mapping

ABAP Mapping


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The term Mapping means:

1. The transformation process, and/or

2. The transformation rules.

Independently from XI, you can distinguish two different mappings

Structure mappings transform entire message structures.

Value mappings transform values within messages.


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Overview - General Mapping Types

Mapping

Transformation from one message structure to another

Transformation rules defined by mapping program

Structure Mapping

ValueMapping


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Integration Server

Business ProcessEngine

Mapping a t Runt im e

IntegrationEngine

Outbound Handling(also in adapters)

Business ProcessExecution

Inbound Handling(also in adapters)

Receiver Determination

Interface Determination

Channel Determination

Mapping

Messages in XI contain a senderinterface

IS evaluates configuration data

of the Integration Directory During logical routing, the

IS determines a ReceiverInterface (1).

Such an interface pair canoptionally reference an

Interface Mapping

An interface mapping

points to one or moremapping programs

(for request, responseand/or fault messages)

IS executes mappingprograms (2)

Receiver determinationand mapping step can also

be performed within in thescope of BPM (1;2)

1

2

1;2


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request or Mapping programs (message mappings, XSLT mappings or Java mappings) refer tomessages: They are associated either to the request, the response or the fault message byreferring to the corresponding message types (as shown in the slide) or to the corresponding part (response) of an RFC, for example. However, recall that message exchange in XI is interfacebased, for example, a message can be sent by calling the method of an outbound proxy. Togetherwith the name of the sending business system, the name of the corresponding outbound interfaceis an attribute of the message header. This information is evaluated on the integration server to findout receiver and receiver interface. Thus, first interfaces are related to each other during runtime toexchange messages, not message types.

Thats why we somehow have to specify which mapping programs belong to which interface pair and

this can be done already during design time in the integration repository. For this purpose, youhave to create an interface mapping. By means of an interface mapping, you relate acorresponding outbound and inbound interface to each other and specify which mapping programsshall be used for this interface pair. You can even define several interface mappings for the sameinterface pair to take requirements of different scenarios for the same interface pair into account.Basically, an interface mapping embraces the mapping programs that shall be used for request,response and fault message. Additionally, an interface mapping allows you to define a sequence ofmapping programs to be executed.

Thus, the definition of interface mappings is obligatory and simplifies the mapping configuration in theintegration directory: To choose mappings for an interface pair, you just have to choose therelevant interface mapping that had been defined for this pair in the integration repository.


Overview - Rela te Mapping Programs t o In ter faces


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The exchange infrastructure supports three types of mappings:

Message mappings that can be designed using a graphical mapping editor in theIntegration Builder. As a result, Java code is generated from the graphicalrepresentation that is compiled before it can be executed on the integration server.

You can implement your own Java mappingby implementing a specific interfaceof the mapping API.

You can implement an XSLT mapping

For the latter two, there is no tool support in XI. It is expected that they aredeveloped using external development tools. To make them available for theintegration server, they have to be imported into the integration repository as JARfiles before (JAR: Java Archives).

Developers can even decide to combine the different mapping technologies:

Message mappings, XSLT mappings and Java mappings can be combined in a sequence bymeans of an interface mapping (see next slide).

XSLT mappings can use java functions

Message mappings support user-defined functions that can use imported java packages of the

same namespace.


Overview - Mapping Programs t o Map Messages

Message Mapping

Designed by using the graphical mapping editor of IntegrationBuilder

Result: Generated Java Code.

Imported Archives

Import externally defined mapping programs into repository

Java mapping:Implemented by using a specific interface

XSLT mapping:

Runtime supports XSLT processor

Java methods can be called from within a Style Sheet

ABAP Mapping

You can execute mapping programs in a sequence


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Java Mapping (I )

Mapping programs can beimplemented in Java

1. Develop your Java code locallye.g. with your IDE

2. Create a .jar or a .zip

2.1 Using the jar command ofthe jdk

2.2 Using a built-in IDEfunctionality

3. Create a new Imported Archiveand import the .jar to the

Integration Repository


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Java Mapping (I I ) - Development

Define a Java class that implements the Java interfacecom.sap.aii.mapping.api.StreamTransformation

The interface contains two methods:1. public void execute(java.io.InputStream in,

java.io.OutputStream out)

to perform the mappings.

2. public void setParameter(java.util.Map param)

to access to runtime constants possible(for example: INTERFACE, SENDER_NAME)

The required libraries are contained in theaii_map_api.jar, which is part of your SAP J2EEEngine installation

DOM and SAX Parsers provided by the SAP XML Toolkitfor Java can be used

API to execute value mappings


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Java Mapping (I I I ) - Templa te


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Overview


Java Mapping

XSLT Mapping

ABAP Mapping


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XSLT Ma pping (I )

Proceeding equivalent as for Javamappings

1. Develop your XSLT files

2. Create a .jar or a .zip

2.1 Using the jar command ofyour jdk

2.2 Using a built-in IDEfunctionality

3. Create a new Imported Archiveand import the .jar to the

Integration Repository

4. Uploaded XSLT programs canmodified within the XIRepository by means of asimple editor.


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Java mapping

In order to develop a Java mapping, you have to implement interface StreamTransformation (see above). Bymeans of this interface, you get access to the message as a stream that is received at runtime on theintegration server. To process this stream, use Java API for XML Processing(JAXP), for example. The JAXPsupports the Document Object Model (DOM) and the Simple API for XML (SAX). This gives you greatflexibility for mapping definitions with Java. Within your mapping program you can also access runtimeconstants like senderName or receiverName to implement a mapping that depends on message headercontent. After your message transformation, you can pass it back to the integration server as a stream.

First experiences with Java mappings showed that mappings using DOM are very memory extensive and werentsuitable for very large messages (e.g., catalog data). Since the size of messages depend of the applicationcase, it was decided to leave the decision of which technology to use (DOM/SAX) to the application and tojust pass a stream.

XSLT mapping

Messages are in the form of XML documents. XSL Transformation (XSLT) is a member of the XML family oflanguages. It describes how an XML structure is transformed into another XML structure.

You can define mappings using XSLT together with XPath. XPath is also a specification of the XML family. UsingXPath you can address any node in an XML document. XSLT implements XPath expressions to selectsubstructures of an XML document. Using templates in XSLT you can define the mapping rules for theselected substructures. Further supported features are:

You can use the XSLT tags and to include predefined templates for substructures in acomplete mapping definition. In this way, you can reuse mappings for data types.

Moreover, using an XSLT definition you can call external Java methods to convert XML structures. This proceduregives you more flexibility when defining mappings. However, not all XSLT processors support external Java calls.

See online documentation for details.


XSLT Mapping (I I ) - Features

XSL-Transformation: transforming XML structures

XPath: Locating information in XML documents

and : inclusion of other XSLT files to access runtime constants

Invoking external Java methods from within an XSLTransformation


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XSLT Mapping (I I I ) - Ex ample

XSLT Mapping with Java Enhancement

Calls the method merge:


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Overview


Java Mapping

XSLT Mapping

ABAP Mapping


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ABAP Mapp ing (I)

Mapping programs can be implemented in ABAP

1. Add additional mapping types in your Exchange Profile:

com.sap.aii.repository.mapping.additionaltypes =

R3_ABAP|Abap-class;R3_XSLT|XSL (ABAP Engine)

2. Develop your ABAP-OO class in the Object Navigator (se80)

3. Create a new Interface Mapping

Select Mapping TypeAbap-class

Enter the name of the ABAP-OO class


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ABAP Mapping (I I ) - Development

Define a ABAP class that implements the interfaceIF_MAPPING of package SAI_MAPPING

The interface contains the method EXECUTE to perform themappings.

You might use the iXML library in an ABAP Objectsenvironment to parse your document

XSTRINGExportingRESULT

IF_MAPPING_TRACETRACE

IF_MAPPING_PARAMPARAM

XSTRINGImportingSOURCE

ReferenceDirectionParameter


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ABAP Mapping (I I I ) - Templat e

method if_mapping~execute.

* initialize iXML

type-pools: ixml.

class cl_ixml definition load.

* create stream factory

data: streamfactory type ref to if_ixml_stream_factory.

streamfactory = ixmlfactory->create_stream_factory( ).

* create input stream

data: istream type ref to if_ixml_istream.

istream = streamfactory->create_istream_xstring( source ).

*

* get XI parameter

data: l_sender_service type string.

l_sender_service = param->get( if_mapping_param=>sender_service ).

*

* create output stream

data: oStream type ref to if_ixml_ostream.

oStream = streamfactory->create_ostream_xstring( result ).

*

endmethod.


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Summary

Now you shou ld be ab le to : get an overview about the different Mapping Programs, supported by

XI 3.0

01 mapping introduction

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