01-creativity and innovation i [compatibility mode] (1)

8/12/2019 01-Creativity and Innovation I [Compatibility Mode] (1)

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Lecture delivered by:Lecture delivered by:

. .. .Professor Professor MSRSASMSRSAS--BangaloreBangalore

M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore C

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ess on ect ves At the end of the session the students will beable to understand the thinking approaches and

introduced to creative thinking


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1. Four T es of thinkin

2. Creativity :Understanding the Approach and process3. Blocks to creativity4. Competencies for individual creativity,

5. Myths and truths about creativity


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Creative Problem Solving: Four Types of ThinkingFour type of thinking dominance in creative problem solving:


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Creative Problem Solving: Four Types of ThinkingFour type of thinking dominance in creative problem solving:1. Chaotic and Specific : we try to solve a problem bysim l uessin what a solution can be. This is the trials

and errors method in its full extent. Might be good for problems of low-level difficulty but how many trials wes ou ma e o so ve pro ems o g eve s o cu yThis is like playing in a casino. We have a chance, but its

probability is low. So what are we going to do to have our coffee warm as long as possible? We might quickly jump tosolutions without much analytical thinking: for instance,

ut a lid on a cu insert a radioactive element to the cuwhich will warm up coffee, or simply stop drinking coffeeto avoid experiencing discomfort


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Creative Problem Solving: Four Types of ThinkingFour type of thinking dominance in creative problem solving:2. Specific and Abstract : We use guidance by the methods

our problem with some already known solution but residing ina different area. For instance, we might use lateral thinking, or we m g t ave to searc or ana ogy. Outstan ng nventorsread a lot of different literature and have ability called ashun er for knowled e. This hun er hel s to establish ananalogy between seemingly unrelated things. Houses of suchinventors have impressive library by sizes and diversity of their

.you know that (1694-1788) had a library of over 6.000 books?He was not just a bibliophile; his handwritten comments can be


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oun n more t an . oo s.


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Creative Problem Solving: Four Types of Thinking

A library of Thomas Edison counted 10.000 books. Now, howdo we a l analo to our coffee roblem? To kee meals

warm, Chinese use a pad with a flame. Why not to use a flame pad for warming up coffee? Or, similarly to arctic igloos whichuse ce oc s or erma nsu a on, we can pu a oa ngfoam-plastic pad with a hole for drinking on the surface of coffee; or to make a cup from porous thick material with adrinking hole. Solving problems by analogy is a very powerfulmethod, but how to find a right analogy? This might betroublesome.


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Creative Problem Solving: Four Types of Thinking

Specific and Structured : this is where logical thinking comesto la . We use lo ic to anal ze wh a roblem is ha enin

what causes the problem; and assume that the deeper weunderstand the problem, the higher chance we will have to

so ve . s won necessar y prov e us w so u ons(although it many situations it will) but at least give us a better insight to what forms the problem. This way of thinking isoften attributed to scientific approach: first, understand the

problem and then solve it. But what to do if understanding of the roblems causes does not ive us insi ht on what asolution can be? Still, understanding the problem is veryimportant. Example: At this level we try to understand why


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Creative Problem Solving: Four Types of ThinkingBecause it has a contact with air which has much lower temperature. Thus there is heat and mass transfer which goestoo fast in order to establish a thermod namic balance. So the

question will be how to slow down the heat transfer? Probably, by warming the air, and so forth.

s rac n r c re : s s w ere we no on y use og cto understand the roots of a problem but also use universalabstract patterns which can solve the problem. This is the mosteffective way to solve creative problems. But what are theseabstract patterns? In my opinion, they are aggregation of manydifferent analo ies which we can observe in technolo

biology, social life. They are exactly what Altshuller and TRIZresearches have identified by studying vast massive of creative


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Creative Problem Solving: Four Types of ThinkingAltshuller also noted that outstanding inventors use 5-7 patterns which they discover due their lifetime. Example: Letus use a attern which is known in TRIZ as inventive standard

1-2-2: If there is a harmful effect of interaction of two objects,then introduce another object between them, which is a

mo ca on o e er o e o ec s . o ca on can e seenin a broad sense: it can be a different phase state, physicalstate, chemical state Why not to use foamed coffee, for instance? If we make a nice foam layer of coffee on top of liquid coffee (cream), it will have low thermal conductivity and

revent coffee from ettin cold too fast. Man es resso coffeemachine uses exactly this solution.


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rea ve ro em o v ng: our ypes o n ngAdvantage of TRIZ is that it identified many such abstract

patterns: inventive principles, inventive standards, patterns of system evolution. It is impossible to say that TRIZ has acomprehensive set of patterns, but its set of patterns helps to

.


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This diagram also shows evolution of human thinking:

from chaotic and specificto abstract and structured.

e o ten ear t at tocome up with creativeideas, we need tounstructure our thinking.We need to unstructure

we do not have a more powerful method of

n ng.But combining analytical logic and knowledge of universal patterns


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problems.


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Creativit is inventin ex erimentin rowin takin

risks, breaking rules, making mistakes, and having fun.Mary Lou Cook

I submit that creativity will never be a science- in fact mystery as what makes a heart tick. At the same

an art in which all of us can make ourselves more andmore proficient if we will.


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Alex F Osborn


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CreativityCreativit is un redictable effectiveness.

Dr Edward De-bonoRe- arranging or re- expressing the familiar.

Creativity is the connecting and rearranging of themselves to think flexibly to generate new, often

.Paul. E. Plsek


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CreativitThere is nothing more marvelous than thinking of a

new idea. There is nothing more magnificent thanseeing a new idea working. There is nothing moreuse u an a new ea a serves your purpose.

Edward De Bono

Imagination is more important than knowledge, for knowled e is limited where as ima ination embracesthe entire world stimulating progress, giving birth toevolution.


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Albert Einstein


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rea v yCreative thinking may simply mean the realization

that there is no particular virtue in doing things the waythey have always been done.rea v y : The birth of imaginative new ideas .

Creativity : The thinking of novel and appropriateeas.Creative output is characterized by surprise value

, ,usefulness, elegant, efficient.


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PEMPPDN 2520BARRIERS TO CREATIVITYBARRIERS TO CREATIVITY

PERSONAL BARRIERS

unc ona xe ness. Habit Transfer. . Conformance to established patterns.

- . Fear of Ridicule Resource M o ia. Over Specialization

- Horizontal S ecialization- Know very little of everything

Vertical Specialization- Know ver much of ver little.


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Vertical Thinking.


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,(a) Continuing to use tried & true even

.

are incompatible with habitual solution.

,determined effort, conformity to custom& reliance on authorit .


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Perce tual Block.

(a) Failure to use all the sense of observation

(c) Inability to define terms.

relationships.

effect.


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Cultural Blocks,

(a) Desire to conform to proper patterns, customsor methods.veremp as s on compe on or on

Co-operation.too quick to make immediate judgments.

waste of time.(e) Having confidence & faith, only in reason & logic.


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Emotional Blocks,

(a) Fear of making a mistake or of appearingfoolish.(b) Fear of supervisor or colleagues &

subordinates distrust.c ver mo va on o succee qu c y.(d) Refusal to take any detour, in reaching a

.(e) Inability to reject decisions which are


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optimum.


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BARRIERS TO CREATIVITYBARRIERS TO CREATIVITY

,fear of loss of control, aversion to feeling

ourselves while having fun. Because of these,

attitude to enjoy the illusion of feeling superior ,

attitude reflects an uncreative, unproductive


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BARRIERS TO CREATIVITYBARRIERS TO CREATIVITY

Unconscious Memory of what has gone

risk in expressing our creativity definitely

urge to conform.

comfortable.

se e a u s a y o ma e n e genchoices to launch us into a new reality.


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It implies a universal as well as personal

present growing. Even as it reveals secrets, it

grasp of the conscious mind. -

ordained laws representing principled energy

, , -and life-sustaining in essence.


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Once a erson sets to work consciousl

unblocking & re-activating his creativeener ies there is a built in internal su ortsystem, a psychic superstructure that assistshim in achievin his oals.

Unconscious mind pertains to super or

beyond awareness embodying all that is not


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ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERSORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS Emphasis on immediate functional utility of

ideas. Discouragement to experimentation. Reluctance of management to take chances.

Satisfaction with status Quo. General distrust of originality. Tendency of management to tell the creative

person what to do, & how to do it. Organizational setup along the rigid authority


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obedience lines.


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BARRIERSBARRIERS TO TO CREATIVITYCREATIVITYORGANIZATIONALORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERSBARRIERS

Tendency to overdevelop routines & standard.

Refusal of Management to delegate responsibility. .

Disagreement with in management concerningma or ob ectives.

Frequent change of key decisions. Lack of effective communications between creative

person & managements. Horizontal rather than vertical flow of new ideas.


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BARRIERSBARRIERS TO TO CREATIVITYCREATIVITYORGANIZATIONALORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERSBARRIERS

Failure of management to recognize, reward.

Poor handling or outright misappropriation of credit.

conformity.

Negative attitude on the part of managementtowards all new ideas.

Failure to hire creative people because they are

- Emphasis on creating homogeneous group .


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PEMPPDN 2520MOTIVATING

Here are 10 tried & trusted wa s to kill the oodHere are 10 tried & trusted wa s to kill the oodideas & enthusiasm of your Coideas & enthusiasm of your Co- -worker.worker.

1. Its against Company Policy.2. It Doesnt fit the s stem.

3. It will never be approved.4. The timing just isnt right.. n wor e ore.

6. Its too wild.. .

8. I will think about it.9. Put something in writing & get back to me.

10. Lets from a committee.When you kill somebodys good idea,


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you a e o a person oo.


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Creativity = I3IMAGINATIONILLUMINATION

T I Y

.

+ , I N G I N

Results of Creative training I O S I T

N A T I O N

4-5 yrs C U AGE

, I M A G

Work experienceFormalEducation

- E A T I V I T


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C R

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MYTHS ABOUT CREATIVITY

t s rare.

Only high IQs have it.

Its in your right brain.

can e s u e .

It is mysterious.


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GENERATIVITY BASICS

Competing behaviors produce new behaviors.

The combinatorial (combinations of items) process isorderly and predictable.

By influencing the type and number of competingbehaviors, we can accelerate and direct creativity.

IMPLICATIONS OF GENERATIVITY THEORY: Everyone has roughly equal creative potential.

Creative eo le have s ecial skills.

Anyone can learn these skills.


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GENERATIVITY THEORY

Novel behavior in individuals - the kind of behavior that issometimes called creative - is orderly and predictable.

Ideas come from combination of old ones.

process.

ways. (Resurgence - the reappearance of old behavior thatused to work in situation like the current one - it causesideas to compete - gets multiple behaviors compete, new

behaviors are often born)


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LESSONS FROM GENERATIVITY RESEARCH

People need to learn to pay attention to and to preservetheir new ideas.

Failure is invaluable for creativity because, it causes ideaso compe e.

Broad training is important for creativity because it.

Properly - designed physical and social environments can.


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CAPTURING

Preserves New Ideas

Seeks Challenges and Manages Failure

BROADENING

SURROUNDING


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Changes Physical and Social Environment

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CREATIVITY COMPETENCYDEVELOPMENT

1. CAPTURING

Carrying notebooks, tape recorders

Finding the right place and time

The three Bs: Bed, Bath and BusDaydreaming and sleep

e ypnogog c s a eAnonymous channels


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2. CHALLENGING

ontro e a ure systems

Open-ended problemsUltimate problems


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3. BROADENINGgn up or ra n ng n new e s.

Read, listen, and learn outside your area ofexpertise.

S end a da a month in a forei n territor .


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CREATIVITY COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT

4. SURROUNDING

Relocatinge ecora ng

Scheduled changesCross-functional teams

ew magaz ne, newspaper, ourna su scr p onsIntelligent screen savers


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APD2505PDN 2520PD 2520PDN 2520MANAGERS, TEACHERS, SUPERVISORS:

Encourages the Preservation of New Ideas

Challenges Others

Encourages Broadening of Knowledge and skills

Manages Surroundings to Stimulate Creativity

Manages Teams to Stimulate CreativityManages Resources to stimulate Creativity

Creativity


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o e s appropr a e rea v y - anagemen s

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APD2505PDN 2520PD 2520PDN 2520TRUTHS ABOUT CREATIVITY

Your creativity powers can be improved

Creativity is often an explosion rather than a logical sequence ofinformation

reat v ty s ran om

Frustration is often the father of creativity

Creativity is seeing the same old thing in a different light and/or innew combinations

Creativity is risky but rewardingCreativity is the ultimate source of self-indulgence and self-


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TRUTHS ABOUT CREATIVITY

The wa ou erformed in the ast does not alwa sreflect your potential

Creativity often kicks in when you reject your first acceptable

solution

The more you use your creative powers,the better they work


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ummary onc us on

At the end of the session the students have beentaught various thinking approaches andn ro uce o crea ve n ng


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01-creativity and innovation i [compatibility mode] (1)

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