01 advc_206a_fv basic protection elements
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Basic Protection Elements
On the ADVC Controller
With the flex VUE Operator Interface
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Schneider Electric 2 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Overview
The purpose of this presentation
is to familiarise you with the basic
protection features of the ADVC.
The following topics will be
covered:
● Basic Protection Elements.
● Global Protection Settings.
● Protection Pickup.
● Fault Reset.
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Schneider Electric 3 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Faults
A fault is a disturbance in the
power system which, if allowed to
persist, may damage plant and
interrupt the supply of electric
energy.
●Faults on medium voltage
distributions systems are normally
caused by accidental shortcircuits between nodes that are
supposed to be at different
voltages.
-i.e. Phase conductors and Earth
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Schneider Electric 4 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Types of Short Circuit
A number of types of short circuits
can occur in a power system:
●Three Phase
-Generally provokes the highest
current but reasonably rare (5%)
●Phase to Earth
-The most frequent (80%)
●Phase to Phase
●Phase to Phase to Earth
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Three Phase Short Circuit
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Phase to Earth Short Circuit
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Phase to Phase Short Circuit
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Phase to Phase to Earth Short
Circuit
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Schneider Electric 5 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Protection
The act of detecting, locating and
initiating the removal of a fault
from the power system.
Protection devices are one
component in a protection system
Protection Devices:
● Contribute to protecting people
against electrical hazards.
● Avoid damage to equipment.
● Limit thermal, dielectric and
mechanical stress on equipment.
● Maintain stability and service
continuity in the power system.
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Schneider Electric 6 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Protection System
An Automatic Circuit Recloser is acomplete Protection System
consisting of the followingcomponents:
●Measurement Sensors
-Current and Voltage
-Supply data required to detectfaults
●Protection Relay
-To determine when detected faultsshould be cleared.
●Switchgear
-Capable of breaking fault currentand clearing the fault from thepower system.
CVTCT
CAPE
N Series ACR
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Basic Protection Elements
The basic protection elements on
the ADVC controller are:
●Phase Overcurrent Protection
-Phase to Phase or 3 phase faults
●Earth Fault Protection-Faults between one or more
phases and earth
●Sensitive Earth Fault Protection
-Low level but persistent earth faults
These are all
current operated elements
Once a fault has been detected
and its type identified the
appropriate settings can beapplied so that the fault can be
cleared in the optimum time.
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Protection Sequence
Measure
Current
Is P/U
Current
exceeded?
No
Yes
Calculate
time to
trip.
Has time
expired?
No
Yes
Trip the
Recloser.Trip
Pick Up
Time to
Trip = 2.75s
10:11 Pickup
10:11 Phase Prot Trip
22/10/09 10:11:32:40
22/10/09 10:11:29:65
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Protection Pick Up
Protection Pick Up occurs when
the measured current exceeds
(the setting current x the highestactive multiplier) for that element.
●Protection Pick Up means that
protection timing has started and
if the present fault level is
maintained a trip will occur.
●Trip current settings apply to all
trip settings within a protection
group and are known as global
settings.
PROTECTION MENU
Protection Global
Protection Trip Settings
Protection Control
Directional Elements
↕ PROTECTION GLOBAL
Global control
(Display, Copy, Trips to
lockout, Seq reset time,
Max time, Auto restore,
Auto reclose)
Global pickup
(Current & mult for Phase,
Earth, SEF, NPS)
Fault reset
(FR time, Reset Threshold
Mult for Phase, Earth and
NPS, Start at Rst
Thresh/Pickup)
↕
PHASE A
Phase Set 200 Amp
PHASE A
Phase Pickup 1.0x
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Global Protection Settings in WSOS
Protection Pickup
Configuration
Settings
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Schneider Electric 11 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Protection Pickup Settings
Phase protection pickup will occur
at 200 x 1.0 = 200 Amps
-i.e. Setting Current and Pickup
Current are the same.
●Phase protection pickup will occur
at 200 x 1.2 = 240 Amps
- i.e. Setting Current and Pickup
Current are not the same.
●The Setting Current is always
used to calculate IDMT tripping
times for a given fault levelregardless of the Pickup Current.
1.2
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Schneider Electric 12 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
The Effect of the Pickup Multiplier Setting
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
Time
200 A
Pickup Multiplier = 1.0
Current Multiple = 1.35270 A
Setting Current = 200A
Pickup
Pickup Multiplier = 1.2240 A
Pickup
Where the tripping
time is dependent on
the level of fault
current it will be
determined by itsrelationship to the
setting current and not
the pickup current.
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Schneider Electric 13 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Pickup Multiplier
Pickup Multiplier 1.1Pickup Multiplier 1.5
Pickup Current
300A
Setting Current 200 Amps
Pickup Current
220A
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Schneider Electric 14 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Using the Pickup Multiplier
The Pickup Multiplier can be used
whenever it is necessary to
prevent tripping for currents abovethe Setting Current for that
element.
● In the ADVC controller, Pickup
means that protection timing hasstarted and will eventually trip the
switchgear if the fault level
doesn’t change.
●Pickup current and minimum
operating current are the same
value.
Fuse
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Schneider Electric 15 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Fault Reset
A Fault Reset occurs when themeasured current has fallen back
below the pickup level by a setamount for a set time.
●The amount the current mustreduce by is determined by theReset Threshold Multiplier setting.
-Range 90 – 100% (of PickupCurrent)
●The time the current must be
below this level is determined bythe Fault Reset Time setting.
-Range: 0 – 10 000 ms
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Schneider Electric 16 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Fault Reset Settings
Fault Reset
Settings
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Schneider Electric 17 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Fault Reset Operation
C
U
R
R
E
NT
Time
Closed Open
Setting Current 200 A
Pickup Pickup
Time to Trip
Reset Threshold Multiplier 90% 180 A
Prot
Resetting
Fault Reset
Time
Prot
Reset
Max Current
Fault Reset
Time
Prot Reset
Max Current
Current at Trip
Trip
Prot Resetting
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Schneider Electric 18 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Time
Pause
C
U
R
R
E
NT
Closed Open
Setting Current 200 A
Pickup
Time to Trip
180 A
Timer
Starts
HereProt
Paused
Pickup Active – Timing
Suspended
Timing
Trip
Prot Resetting
Fault Reset
Time
Prot Reset
Max Current
Current at Trip
Pause
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Schneider Electric 19 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
C
U
R
R
E
NT
Time
Pickup 200 A
Setting Current 200 A
180 A
The Pickup Multiplier setting also effects the current level at
which fault reset begins.
Prot Resetting 180 A
Setting Current x 1.5 300 A
270 A
Pickup 300 A
Prot Resetting 270 A
Pause Band = 20 A
Pause Band = 30 A
Pickup Multiplier Effect on Pause Band
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Schneider Electric 20 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Maximum Time Setting
Maximum Time
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Schneider Electric 21 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Maximum Time
The Maximum Time setting
modifies the time current
characteristic so that theoperating time is not more than
the Maximum Time regardless of
the fault level.
●This setting is generally used toensure tripping when the current
is only slightly above the trip
setting.
●Range 2 – 180s
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Schneider Electric 22 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Maximum Time 20 s
Maximum Time Curve Modifier
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Schneider Electric 23 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Sequence Reset Time Setting
Sequence Reset
Time
S R 4 T i L k
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Schneider Electric 24 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Closed
Open
LOCKOUT
Trip 1 Trip 2 Trip 3 Trip 4
Reclose 1 Reclose 2 Reclose 3
Sequence Reset Timer
Protection PickupReset
Idle
Sequence Reset – 4 Trips to Lockout
S R t Ti E i d
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Schneider Electric 25 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Running
Closed
Open
Trip 1 Trip 2
Reclose 1 Reclose 2
Expired
Trip 1
Reclose 1
Protection
Sequence Reset Timer
PickupReset
Idle
Sequence Reset
Time
30s
Sequence Reset Time Expired
22/10/09 10:11:33:40
22/10/09 10:12:03:40
Automatic Reclose
Sequence Reset
S R t Ti C ll d
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Schneider Electric 26 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Running
Closed
Open
Trip 1 Trip 2
Reclose 1 Reclose 2
Trip 3
Reclose 3
Protection
Sequence Reset Timer
PickupReset
Idle
Sequence Reset
Time
Cancelled
Sequence Reset Time Cancelled
D l d S R t Ti
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Schneider Electric 27 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Running
Closed
Open
Trip 1 Trip 2
Reclose 1 Reclose 2
Expired
Trip 1
Protection
Sequence Reset Timer
PickupReset
Idle
Sequence Reset
Time
Delayed Sequence Reset Time
31/07/09 12:02:14:39
31/07/09 12:02:14:40
31/07/09 12:02:16:06
31/07/09 12:02:16:11
31/07/09 12:02:46:11
Automatic Reclose
Pickup
Protection Resetting
Protection Reset
Sequence Reset
T i t L k t S tti
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Schneider Electric 28 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Trips to Lockout Settings
Trips to Lockout
T i t L k t K P i t
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Schneider Electric 29 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Trips to Lockout – Key Points
●There can be up to 3 Trips toLockout settings:
-Trips to Lockout
-SEF Trips to Lockout
-NPS Trips to Lockout
●The Trips to Lockout setting is the
maximum number of trips that can
occur in a single sequence.
●SEF and NPS Trips to Lockout
which can’t be more than the
Trips to Lockout setting can
terminate a sequence earlier.
T i t L k t
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Schneider Electric 30 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
TRIP FLAGS
O/C
LOP
EXT
E/F
UOV
SEF
NPS
Trips to Lockout
20/10/2009 3:18:58.08 PM Pickup
20/10/2009 3:19:05.66 PM Phase Protection Trip
20/10/2009 3:19:05.66 PM Protection Trip 1
20/10/2009 3:19:06.65 PM Automatic Reclose
20/10/2009 3:19:06.66 PM Pickup
20/10/2009 3:19:10.73 PM Earth Protection Trip
20/10/2009 3:19:10.73 PM Protection Trip 2
20/10/2009 3:19:20.72 PM Automatic Reclose
20/10/2009 3:19:20.73 PM Pickup
20/10/2009 3:19:23.36 PM NPS protection trip
20/10/2009 3:19:23.36 PM Protection Trip 3
20/10/2009 3:19:23.38 PM Lockout
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
01
BC01
01
R t C
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Schneider Electric 31 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Reset Curves
The time taken to reset a fault is
normally determined by the Fault
Reset Time setting.
●Reset Curves are an alternative
way of determining the time taken
for a fault to reset.
● If Reset Curves are required they
must be made available.
PROTECTION
Rst Curve Available
FEATURE SELECTION
PROTECTION
CONFIGURATION MENU
FEATURE SELECTION
Reset Curve Settings
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Schneider Electric 32 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Reset Curve Settings
Reset Curves Not Available Reset Curves Available
FAULT RESET A
Fault Reset 50 ms
Phase Reset 90%
Earth Reset 90%
NPS Reset 90%
FAULT RESET A
Phase Reset 90%
Earth Reset 90%
NPS Reset 90%
Start at Rst Thresh
PROTECTION MENU
Protection Global
Protection Trip Settings
Protection Control
Directional Elements
↕ PROTECTION GLOBAL
Global control
(Display, Copy, Trips to
lockout, Seq reset time,
Max time, Auto restore,
Auto reclose)
Global pickup
(Current & mult for Phase,
Earth, SEF, NPS)
Fault reset
(FR time, Reset Threshold
Mult for Phase, Earth and
NPS, Start at Rst
Thresh/Pickup)
↕
Reset Curves Feature Selection
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Schneider Electric 33 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Reset Curves – Feature Selection
Reset Curve Settings in WSOS
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Schneider Electric 34 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Reset Curve Settings in WSOS
Selecting a Reset Curve
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Schneider Electric 35 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Selecting a Reset Curve
IEC255 Standard Inverse Reset Curve
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Schneider Electric 36 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
IEC255 Standard Inverse Reset Curve
Protection and Reset Curves
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Schneider Electric 37 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Protection and Reset Curves
180 A
Pickup Multiplier x 2
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Schneider Electric 38 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Pickup Multiplier x 2
180 A 400 A
Reset Threshold Multiplier 50%
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Schneider Electric 39 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Reset Threshold Multiplier 50%
Reset Curve Start at Pickup
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Schneider Electric 40 – < AUTHOR > – <DATE>
Reset Curve Start at Pickup
200 A
Basic Protection Elements - Review
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Basic Protection Elements - Review
What are the three basic protection elements in the ADVC and what do
they have in common?
Phase Fault, Earth Fault and SEF are all current operated elements.
What is the possible range of settings for NPS Trips to Lockout if Trips to
Lockout is set to 3?
NPS Trips to Lockout can be 1, 2 or 3.
The Sequence Reset Timer will start immediately on Automatic Reclose
unless what condition exists?
Close onto Fault.
How wide is the pause band when Reset Curves are not available and
the following settings are active?
30 AmpsWhat would the pause band be for these settings if Reset Curves were
available and set to start at the Threshold?
120 Amps