00531.1-00002 - central maintenance and laundry · pdf filenk37-sr-00531.1-00002 rev 002 june...

Prepared by: M. Lake

Senior Technical Engineer/Officer Licensing Bruce Power

Reviewed by: J. Boyadjian

Section Manager Licensing Bruce Power

Approved by: M. Burton

Department Manager Licensing, Environment and Audit Bruce Power

Master PDF Created: 06Jun2007 11:56

CENTRAL MAINTENANCE AND LAUNDRY FACILITY SAFETY REPORT

NK37-SR-00531.1-00002

Rev 002

June 2007

Approved for Issue - VERIFY STATUS PRIOR TO USE

NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



CNSC CORRESPONDENCE DISTRIBUTION LIST

INTERNAL

1. Route: 1. M. Burton B10 2. J. Boyadjian B10 2. Route: 1. I. Rowley 2. D. Cooper 3. Route: 1. J. Ens 2. R. Coates 4. Records Centre B12 5. Records Centre B10

EXTERNAL

1. P. Bye MOE 2. C. LaFrance MOE 3. J. Clarke EC 4. K. Gilmer MOL 5. K. Klassen (2) CNSC


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



HISTORY OF REVISIONS

REV # DATE SECTION DESCRIPTION OF REVISION

1 Oct/91 Section-General Wording of report changed from a proposed structure (for the Construction Licence Application) to an as-built structure. The report title changed from the BNPD Central Maintenance Facility - Construction Licence Application to BNPD Central Maintenance Facility - Safety Report.

Section 4.2 Section rewritten to reflect the changes made in the layout.

Section 4.3 Section rewritten to reflect the changes made in the layout.

Section 5.1.2, Paragraph 7

Added sentence on stack monitor trouble alarm.

Appendix A Whole Appendix updated with latest information found in Bruce B Safety Report, Volume 1, Chapter 1.

Appendix B Appendix rewritten in Bruce A Safety Report format to describe current DEL methodology.

Figure 3–2 Layout changed slightly in Scaffold Test and Repair area and Carpenter Shop. Area created for Fire Truck Storage.

Figure 4–2 Layout of Active Drum cleaning area changed significantly.

Figure 4-3 Layout of Active Laundry area changed significantly. Figure 7–1 Same changes as in Figure 3–2.

2 Jan/93 Revision 002 changes were indicated by a vertical bar to the right of the revised text. Revised figures were indicated in the Table of Contents. Most of the revisions reflect changes due to the new Radioactive Laundry. Drawing No. NK37-DOA-29420-P3 has been superseded by Drawing No. NK37-POA-29420-0003, Rev. 0.

3 Feb/95 Major revision to reflect organizational changes, to remove all reference to CMF building expansion for laundry program, to identify recent changes in the laundry area and to identify other work program changes.

Note: This revision did not affect Appendices A and B.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




4 Feb/97 Major revisions to reflect re-organizational changes including formation of Heavy Water & Support Services Division; to identify recent changes in the Radioactive Laundry area; to identify relocation of Portable Radiation Instrument Shop from two portable trailers located on the south side of the CMF into an area next to the Control Maintenance Shop; to identify the installation of the Free Air Calibrator Shop on the south side of the CMF; to correct shop designations such as for Crane & Overhead Door Repair and Projects & Thermography (versus Control Maintenance Office/Shop), Rad Instrument Decontamination (versus Repair) Area and Tool Crib (versus Bruce B Storage); to delete the security surveillance equipment, portable radio equipment/radio systems and environmental monitor work programs which were transferred to HWSSD Operations Building C; in Section 4.6, to include repair of equipment such as valve stems and PHT pump seals from Pt. LePreau Nuclear Facility which was previously approved by the Board; to add Section 4.7 on Transportation Package Maintenance; in Section 8.0, to identify that the requirements of the quality engineering program for HWSSD-SSD nuclear projects are now documented in the chosen design organization’s Design Quality Assurance Manual which must meet the approval of the affected HWSSD-SSD Design Authority; in Section 8.0 to identify that the HWSSD quality assurance program is now documented in the Support Services Business Management System Manual.

5 Nov/99 Major revisions to reflect: • Reorganizational changes including formation of:

Ontario Power Generation/Nuclear; General Services Department within Bruce Nuclear Division; Site Facilities Management Section and Site/OPGN Maintenance Services Section within General Services Department.

• Shutdown of Heavy Water Plant. • New Bruce Steam Plant. • Expansion of Radioactive Laundry. • Updated maintenance services provided in Table 3-1.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




5 (Cont.) • Most of Active Laundry, all of Active Shipping and Receiving Area and half of Decontamination Area has been changed from Zone 3 to Zone 2 in Figure 3–2 and Figure 7–1.

• Drum cleaning program is temporarily on hold. • Work Control Centre is no longer in CMF. • Active Laundry has been changed from Zone 3 to

Zone 2, except for area around tandem perchloroethylene dry cleaner.

• Shuttle room has now become Shift Emergency Response Manager’s office in Section 5.1.2.

• New Bruce Steam Plant Control Room replaces Bruce Bulk Steam System Control Centre Control Room in Section 5.1.2.

• Active liquid waste is no longer treated with sodium hypochlorite in Section 5.2.

• N-PROG-RA-0008, Radiation Protection Requirements replaces Ontario Hydro Radiation Protection Regulations, Part 1.

• Updated monitoring locations in Figure 7–1. • Roof zoning has changed from Zone 2 to Unzoned

in Figure 7–3. • Electronic Personal Dosimeters replace Direct

Reading Dosimeters in Section 7.3. • Health Physicist is now assigned from

Environment, Safety and Health Department. • N-PROG-MP-0009, Design Management replaces

chosen design organization’s Design Quality Assurance Manual in Section 8.0.

• CMF operation is now governed by Quality Program described in N–CHAR-0002, Chief Nuclear Officer Expectations in Section 8.0.

• Overnight camping will resume in the newly fenced-in southern portion of Inverhuron Provincial Park after the MNR approves it in Appendix A, Section 2.1.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




6 Sept/01 Major revisions to reflect: • Reorganizational and name changes including

AECB to Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC); Bruce Power leasing BNPD from Ontario Power Generation (OPG); Central Maintenance Facility to Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility; Bruce Stores to Central Materials Management Facility; Western Nuclear Training Centre to Bruce Learning Centre; Site Facilities Management Section has disbanded with only maintenance function remaining with General Services Department (GSD); Site Maintenance Services Section transferred from GSD to Bruce B and no longer provides external service.

• Shops updated in Figure 3–2 including Building Projects Shop becoming Bruce B Breaker Maintenance Shop.

• Maintenance Services updated in Table 3-1. • Radioactive transportation packages still inspected

and maintained by OPGN. • Drum cleaning program still on hold. • Active Laundry layout updated in Figure 4-3. • Decontamination Area changed from 510 to

100m2. • Zone 3 ventilation maximum exhaust rate

increased from 24 to 36 m3/s. • Radioactive liquid storage tank high level alarms

remotely in BSP versus BBSS Control Room. • N-PROG-RA-0008, Radiation Protection

Requirements replaced by BP-RP-00001, Radiation Protection Policies and Principles, and BP-RP-00002, Radiation Protection Requirements.

• Zone 3 area clarified in Section 7.2.1. • Monitor locations updated in Figure 7–1. • Health Physicist now assigned from Employee

Safety Department versus Environment, Safety and Health Department.

• N-PROG-MP-0009, Design Management replaced by BP-PROG-00041, Design Management.

• Quality Assurance Program in accordance with BP-QAP-00001 versus program described in N-CHAR-0002, Chief Nuclear Officer Expectations.

• References updated in Section 9.0.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




6 (Cont.) • Population data updated in Appendix A, Section 1 and Table A-1.

• Use of Inverhuron and MacGregor Point Parks updated in Appendix A, Section 2.1 and Table A-2.

• Referred to Derived Release Limits (DRLs) versus Derived Emission Limits (DELs) in Appendix B and updated Radiation Dose Limits in Table B-1 per ICRP60 (1990).

• DRLs prepared by N4 Research Associates Inc. and Annual Summary and Assessment of Environmental Radiological Data Report now prepared by Technical Support Division, Environmental Affairs Subdivision in Appendix B, Section 6.0.

• Environmental surveillance program updated by J. Lamarre in 1998 in Appendix B, Section 7.0.

• BNPD Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program updated in Appendix B, Table B-2 and Figure B-2.

R000

(First issue by

Bruce Power Inc.)

July, 2002 Major revision in response to CNSC comments including reference to: • First issue of CMLF Safety Report by Bruce Power

in Abstract. • Relationship between Bruce Power and OPG,

including acceptance of radioactive waste from CMLF by OPG, clarified in Section 1.0.

• Organizational chart and description of positions of authority in Section 2 of BP-OPP-00003.

• Drum cleaning, dry cleaning and perchloroethylene still deleted throughout.

• Laundry Storage Area in place of Active Drum Cleaning.

• Plastic suits and overshoes laundered at Bruce A deleted in Sections 3.3.3 and 4.2.

• Segregation of wastes into active and inactive and disposal of these wastes in Section 3.3.3.

• Active laundry effluent going to BNPD Sewage Processing Plant in Sections 4.2, 5.3 and Appendix B, Section 5.0, including flow rate in Section 4.2.

• Machining and repair of radioactive equipment clarified in Section 4.5.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




R000 (Cont.)

(First issue by

Bruce Power Inc.)

• Maintenance of equipment with potential radioiodine contamination requires Responsible Health Physicist to define appropriate control measures in Section 5.1.2.

• Areas connected to active drainage system, capping of floor drains, radioactive work in Zone 2, capacity of collection tanks and disposition of filtered solids clarified in Section 5.2.

• Criteria for transferring liquid waste to Bruce A versus immobilizing, as specified by OPG, in Section 6.1 (b).

• OPG Western Waste Management Facility in place of Radioactive Waste Operations Site 2 throughout.

• Action Levels in Section 6.2. • Activity limit on sludges sent to OPG in

Section 6.3.2. • Management of radioactive solid waste clarified in

Section 6.4.2. • Bruce Power documentation, Radiation Protection

Program and worker training clarified in Section 7.1.

• Monitoring with whole body contamination monitors, routine radiation surveys and use of radiation hazard signs clarified in Section 7.2.2.

• CMLF personnel designated as Nuclear Energy Workers clarified in Section 7.3.

• DRL critical group for gaseous effluents is now adult on farm and limiting radionuclide is now Cs-137 in Appendix B, Section 4.0.

• No direct releases to water from CMLF and liquid wastes are disposed of through the active liquid waste management system at Bruce A against its DRL in Appendix B, Section 5.0.

• Annual Summary and Assessment of Environmental Radiological Data now prepared by Bruce Power’s Safety and Environment Division.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




R001 September, 2005

Throughout Removed BNPD reference and changed to Bruce Power (or “BP”) site throughout report.

Throughout Removed reference to General Services Department throughout report.

Throughout Removed reference to quality assurance program and changed management system throughout the report.

Throughout Removed reference to Derived Emission Limit (DELs) and changed to Derived Release Limit (DRLs) throughout report.

Section 1.2 Removed reference to restart of Units 3 and 4. Section 2.1 Removed reference to Bruce Stores and updated to

Central Materials Management Facility. Figure 2–1 Changed name of RWOS2 to WWMF. Figure 2–2 Added temporary Emergency Response Facility. Section 3.2 Added the wording “radiological zones” to General

Layout. Figure 3–2,

Figure 4–1and Figure 7–1

Deleted references to Transport Package Maintenance Area (OPGN) from text and figures.

Modified text describing OPG work programs (removal of reference to Transportation Package Maintenance Area and replace with OPG Tube Mock-Up and Storage for Restart area).

Figure 3–2 Added Zone 3 fumehood, washer and dryer. Table 3-1 Added small tools. Section 4.1 Removed reference to buffing pads and harnesses. Section 4.3 Identified that capped drains are active drains and that

the floors in the truck bays are sloped towards the drains.

Section 5.1.2 Added a new section describing Zone 2 ventilation. Section 5.1.3 Removed reference to radioactive drum cleaning,

drying operation and drum cleaning room. Added note regarding Interim Derived Release Limits

accepted by the CNSC. Section 5.2

Section 6.1 b), Section 6.3.2, Section B5.0 Liquid Effluents in Appendix B

Added note about CMLF liquid waste to Sewage Processing Plant.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




R001 (Cont.) Section 6.2.2 Removed reference to Derived Emission Limit and changed to operational targets, which are a small target of the DRL.

Section 6.4 Added statement that solid waste is required to meet WWMF acceptance criteria.

Section 7.1 Added reference to Action Levels accepted by the CNSC.

Removed reference to tritiated heavy water drum cleaning operation and replaced with Transportation Package Maintenance Area.

Appendix B, Section B1.0

Removed reference to DELs and changed to a small percentage of the DRL.

R002 November 2006

Section 2 Figure 2-1 Bruce Power Site Layout updated and notes added.

Section 3 Figure 3-2 BNPD Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility General Layout updated.

Section 3.3.3 Minor text revision. Section 4.1 Decontamination of vehicle cargo space (Truck Bay)

deleted from the list of major work activities involving radioactive materials.

Section 4.2 Minor text revision. Section 5.1.3 Obsolete reference to SERM office deleted and

replaced with room identification: Room M158. Section 6.1 Reference to Appendix B added. Section 7 Figure 7-1 Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility

Zoning and Monitoring Locations updated. Sections 9 & 10 Document reference BP-PROG-00041 superseded by

BP-PROC-00335. Appendix A Appendix A has been updated with the most recent

available information.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



CENTRAL MAINTENANCE AND LAUNDRY FACILITY

SAFETY REPORT

A Report to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



COPYRIGHT NOTICE

No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever without the prior written permission of Bruce Power Inc.

This document is available to interested parties, for reading only, at designated locations.

Copyright - 2006 by Bruce Power Inc.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



ABSTRACT

This report was first issued as the BNPD Central Maintenance Facility - Construction Licence Application. It was last revised and issued November 2005 as the BNPD Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility Safety Report (Revision 001).

This is the third revision (Revision 002) of the Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility (CMLF) Safety Report by Bruce Power Inc. The report describes the various radioactive and non-radioactive work programs operating out of the CMLF, who is responsible, and the area of the CMLF occupied by each work program. The report covers CMLF radiological zoning as well as zoning ventilation and drainage. It also addresses radioactive waste management, occupational radiation safety, conventional health and safety and the management system for operation of the CMLF. This revision updates Appendix A; Description of the Bruce Power Site Environment.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



ABSTRACT OF PRESENT REVISION:

See Description of Revision for November 2006 under History of Revisions.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Table of Contents

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................17 1.1 Background..............................................................................................................................17 1.2 Purpose of the Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility ......................................................18

2.0 SITING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA.................................................................................18 2.1 Location ...................................................................................................................................18 2.2 Property ...................................................................................................................................18 2.3 Area Description ......................................................................................................................18

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING AND WORK ACTIVITIES ......................................................20 3.1 Structure ..................................................................................................................................20 3.2 General Layout ........................................................................................................................21 3.3 Work Activities .........................................................................................................................21

4.0 WORK ACTIVITIES INVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ............................................24 4.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................24 4.2 Active Laundry .........................................................................................................................25 4.3 Vehicle Cargo Space Decontamination ...................................................................................27 4.4 Decontamination Area .............................................................................................................28 4.5 Machining and Repair of Radioactive Equipment ....................................................................28 4.6 Tube Change Mock-Up and Storage for Restart (OPG designated area) ...............................28

5.0 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS ...........................................................................................................29 5.1 Ventilation Systems .................................................................................................................29 5.2 Radioactive Liquid Drainage System .......................................................................................31 5.3 Sanitary Sewage System.........................................................................................................34 5.4 Water Systems.........................................................................................................................34 5.5 Heating System........................................................................................................................34 5.6 Service Air System...................................................................................................................34 5.7 Breathing Air System ...............................................................................................................34 5.8 Smoke Detection System.........................................................................................................34 5.9 Air Conditioning........................................................................................................................34 5.10 Electrical Systems....................................................................................................................34

6.0 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT ...............................................................................35 6.1 General ....................................................................................................................................35 6.2 Radioactive Airborne Waste ....................................................................................................36 6.3 Radioactive Liquid Waste ........................................................................................................36 6.4 Radioactive Solid Waste ..........................................................................................................37

7.0 OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION SAFETY................................................................................37


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



7.1 General ....................................................................................................................................37 7.2 Contamination Control .............................................................................................................38 7.3 Dose Control ............................................................................................................................42

8.0 CONVENTIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY.............................................................................43

9.0 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .......................................................................................................43

10.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................43

APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION OF THE BRUCE POWER SITE ENVIRONMENT ..............................46

APPENDIX B: PUBLIC RADIATION SAFETY ....................................................................................61


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



1.0 INTRODUCTION

The overall objective of Bruce Power Inc. at the Bruce Power site is to produce electricity at the lowest total cost to its customers and to maintain, at the same time, high standards of safety, reliability and good citizenship. Achievements in these key result areas are influenced by maintenance performance. Bruce Power has in operation one and one half nuclear generating stations, a steam plant and a number of conventional waste processing facilities, plus other miscellaneous site facilities.

The Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility (CMLF) is designed to complement existing dedicated maintenance facilities in meeting the total maintenance needs of Bruce Power and some Ontario Power Generation (OPG) work programs.

The CMLF is a facility within and managed by Bruce Power, who is the licensee responsible for the safety of all activities occurring within the CMLF, including the area used by OPG. While OPG is the owner of the CMLF, under the lease agreement Bruce Power has the authority and responsibility for building and equipment maintenance and any changes to the structure or equipment. OPG has contracted with Bruce Power to collect nuclear waste from the facilities leased by Bruce Power. Such waste must comply with the requirements of the OPG Waste Acceptance Criteria for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste. If the criteria, as described in BP-PROC-00107, Waste Acceptance Criteria for Low & Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste, are met, title and risk for the waste then transfers to OPG.

Refer to Section 2.0 in the CMLF Operating Policies and Principles, BP-OPP-00003, BNPD Central Maintenance Facility and Laundry Facility, for the organizational chart and description of the positions of authority, which can make decisions on the operation and maintenance of the CMLF.

1.1 Background

Maintenance is separated into three distinct functions: mechanical, control and civil.

Mechanical and control maintenance capabilities are provided for each department by dedicated maintenance staff that form part of that department’s total complement. These personnel work in local maintenance shops or directly in the field. Most shop work is done in area shops with overload or specialized shop work being contracted to other departments such as; Design Projects and Modifications along with the Site Maintenance Support Department at the CMLF, or to the private sector.

Civil Maintenance resources are located in each department for local requirements, while central shops exist at the CMLF for site requirements.

The CMLF has a total floor area of about 15,000 m2 and serves the Bruce Power site and some OPG work programs, providing maintenance functions in all three maintenance disciplines from its shops.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



1.2 Purpose of the Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility

The CMLF is designed to support the maintenance activities of Bruce B generating station and of Bruce A generating station, bulk steam system, other site facilities and some OPG work programs, and is capable of handling work involving both non-radioactive and radioactive materials.

The purpose of the CMLF is to provide efficient and economical maintenance by consolidating in one facility:

1. Major maintenance equipment of low use in individual departments/divisions.

2. Special maintenance skills of infrequent application in individual departments/divisions.

3. Common functions most economically performed by a single work group in a single, specialized facility.

With the lease of generating and related facilities from OPG to Bruce Power, specialized services continue to be provided out of the CMLF shops along with some services out of other facilities on site.

2.0 SITING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

2.1 Location

The CMLF is located on the Bruce Power site, adjacent to the Central Materials Management Facility.

2.2 Property

The CMLF consists of a fenced property of about 7 ha. The CMLF property includes a Mechanical Laydown Yard, a Transport & Work Equipment (T & WE) Yard, a Container Laydown area, an area for vehicle washing and fuelling and a Temporary Emergency Response Facility (Figure 2–2).

2.3 Area Description

A detailed description of the area surrounding the Bruce Power site is given in Appendix A.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Notes: 1) Building B28 is tentatively scheduled for demolition during mid-2007.

2) A 50 metre meteorological tower is located at the elbow of the road (dotted line) running southeast of the Bruce A switchyard towards the Bruce Learning Centre, Building B31.

3) The Oil Unloading (OPG) building/area is demolished.

Figure 2–1 Bruce Power Site Layout


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Temporary EmergencyResponse Facility

Figure 2–2 Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility Site Location

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING AND WORK ACTIVITIES

3.1 Structure

The CMLF is a steel frame-type building with pre-cast, insulated concrete panels as shown in Figure 3–1. The roof is a steel deck type with an inverted roofing assembly. Internal walls are made of hollow concrete blocks or steel.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



3.2 General Layout

The floor plan of the CMLF building and its major delivery and personnel entry points are shown in Figure 3–2. The CMLF areas are designated as either Zone 1, 2 or 3 radiological zones. CMLF Zoning is shown in Figure 3-2. Zone 3 designates an area where radioactive work is done and where there is a possibility of radioactive contamination. Zone 1 is a contamination free zone and Zone 2 is an area where radioactive work may be done and where one might encounter some cross-contamination.

CMLF Zoning is discussed in detail in Section 7.0, Occupational Radiation Safety.

3.3 Work Activities

The work activities carried out in the CMLF are given in Table 3-1 and are briefly described in this section. Those activities involving work with radioactive materials are described in greater detail in Section 4.0.

Figure 3–1 Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Figure 3–2 BNPD Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility

General Layout

Area – Zone 3 F


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Table 3-1 Maintenance Services

Mechanical Control Civil Custom fabrication & welding

Process and radiation instrumentation

Transport and work equipment

Specialized machining Calibration and repair of site portable radiation instruments

Decontamination

Equipment repair and maintenance

Calibration and repair of site measuring and test equipment

Carpentry

Testing and re-calibration Commercial grade dedication of components

Cotton wet washing

Heat treatment and stress relief

Overhead door maintenance Protective clothing repair

Overhead door maintenance Crane and hoist maintenance Building maintenance OPG Tube Change Mock-Up and Storage for Restart

Breaker maintenance Central sheet metal shop

Crane and hoist maintenance

Small tools Grit blasting

Parts manufacturing ISO9002

Painting

Machining Sign and label fabrication In-situ machining Thermal spraying Structural fabrication and piping/welding

Outage support Tube welding

Note: The Scaffolding, Insulation, Safety Shop, Stud Tensioning, Hose Testing, Vibration Analysis, Safety/Relief Valve and Seal & Lapping work programs are provided out of other Bruce Power facilities.

3.3.1 Mechanical Maintenance Activities

Fabrication activities include; fabrication of piping, structural fabrication, metallizing, thermal spraying, stress relieving and special welding.

Machining activities include; spare parts manufacture, parts refurbishment, specialized machining, engraving and balancing.

Equipment reconditioning activities include reconditioning of; pumps, compressors, valves and motors.

OPG has an area devoted for the Tube Change Mock-Up and Storage for Restart.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



3.3.2 Control Maintenance Activities

Process and radiation instrumentation are repaired and calibrated.

A calibration lab repairs and calibrates site measuring and test equipment. Commercial grade components are tested randomly and, if passed, are made available for use in the Bruce Power generating stations.

3.3.3 Civil Maintenance Activities

Fabrication and repair of sheet metal products and insulation covers are carried out.

Carpentry activities include; fabrication, repair and painting.

Transport and work equipment activities include; maintenance in the field and garage, painting and body shop work. Site maintenance crews, craning and heavy equipment operators work out of the CMLF.

Laundry personnel process Bruce Power and OPG radioactive protective clothing such as; coveralls, lab coats, socks, underwear and towels. Plastic suits and respiratory equipment are decontaminated and repaired.

Grit blasting and painting (including spray painting) activities are carried out.

Decontamination of the interior of transport vehicles, small tools and radioactive material shipping packages is performed.

CMLF waste is bag-monitored to minimize generation of active waste and to ensure inactive waste is indeed inactive. Waste is first segregated on the likelihood of contamination in the field by choosing the appropriate bin for disposal. Waste which is likely clean is disposed of in green waste cans or green striped bags, while waste which is possibly contaminated or active is disposed of in yellow waste cans or black striped bags. These bags are then passed through the bag monitor to determine actual activity. Bags which have less than 50 nCi/kg are sent to the onsite landfill, while any bags with greater activity are sent to OPG Western Waste Management Facility for disposal. Waste which does not fit into bags is monitored by hand. Any measurable contamination above background results in the material being designated as radioactive waste.

4.0 WORK ACTIVITIES INVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

4.1 Introduction

Four major work activities involving radioactive materials are performed in the CMLF. See Figure 4–1. These are:

1. Laundering of protective clothing and towels (Radioactive Laundry).

2. Decontamination of small tools and equipment such as portable radiation instruments (Decontamination Area).


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



3. Machining and repair of radioactive components (Machine Shop for Radioactive Components).

Only radioactive laundering entails continuing routine activities. All other work activities are periodic in nature.

All radioactive material is received at the radioactive shipping and receiving ramp shown in Figure 4–1. All radioactive material shipped or received is free of external loose radioactive contamination. Management of radioactive waste associated with these activities is discussed in Section 6.0; occupational radiation safety and contamination control zoning is discussed in Section 7.0.

4.2 Active Laundry

The CMLF active laundry only processes cotton clothing. This clothing comes from Bruce Power and OPG. Towels and protective clothing are wet washed. The active laundry occupies an area of approximately 1,200 m2. The floor plan of the active laundry is shown in Figure 4–2. The laundry operation has been expanded to service the needs of Bruce Power and OPG customers. By design, 32,800 kg of cotton laundry can be processed per week.

The protective clothing is radiation monitored before and after cleaning. If the radioactivity on the cotton protective clothing is below 0.18 mBq/m2, the clothing is cleaned, inspected for damage, repaired (if required) and returned to service. Above 0.18 mBq/m2, the clothing is discarded as radioactive waste in accordance with Section 6.0 of this report.

Because of the negligible radioactivity in the protective clothing being laundered, the effluent is sent via the site Sewage Collection System to the Sewage Processing Plant for which the Ontario Ministry of the Environment issued an amendment to the Certificate of Approval for the increased effluent from the expanded active laundry. This effluent averages 129 m3 per day with a daily peak of 190 m3 and is not to exceed 200 m3 per day according to the amended Certificate of Approval. This compares to the design capacity of 1,580 m3 per day for the Sewage Processing Plant to which 1,300 m3 per day flow, on average, from all of the sources on site. The sewage digester sludge is monitored for tritium and gamma while the effluent is monitored for tritium and beta activity on a monthly basis. These activities are negligible and reported quarterly to the CNSC in the CMLF Quarterly Technical Report.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Figure 4–1 Radioactive Material Work Areas


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Figure 4–2 Active Laundry

4.3 Vehicle Cargo Space Decontamination

The loading dock for the receipt and shipment of radioactive material comprises two truck bays. See Figure 4–2. One truck bay is used periodically for decontaminating the cargo space of vehicles used in the transport of radioactive materials. Any liquids resulting from this operation are collected by a wet vacuum and handled by the radioactive liquid waste management system described in Section 6.0. Two capped floor drains to active drainage (see Figure 5–2) are provided in this truck bay for any accidental spills that may occur during the filling of the radioactive liquid tanker (Section 6.0) in this same truck bay. The floors are sloped towards the drains to ensure any accidentally spilled liquids do not escape to the environment. The other truck bay is used for the receipt and shipment of radioactive material including laundry.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



4.4 Decontamination Area

An area of about 100 m2 is designated for the decontamination of tools, equipment, portable instruments and protective clothing. See Figure 4–1. The latter area is equipped with a hooded wash sink for plastic suit decontamination. Liquid waste is handled by the radioactive liquid waste management system described in Section 6.0. A small radioactive instrument work area is located in the southwest corner of the general area.

4.5 Machining and Repair of Radioactive Equipment

The Machine Shop area, shown in Figure 4–1, can handle radioactive contaminated components requiring refurbishing. No limits of activity are applied to the material, which is refurbished at the CMLF. Any material which is to be refurbished is decontaminated to the lowest level possible before it comes to the CMLF and is normally quite low in activity. Any work which is to be performed on such material is done in accordance with and adherence to the Radiation Protection Procedures. The CMLF can handle many components from the stations through the use of the Radiation Protection Procedures.

Typical machine shop activities and equipment used to service the components are given in Table 4-1. Portable radiation instruments, which are repaired and calibrated in the CMLF, are also used to support these programs.

Special ventilation requirements for this work are discussed in Section 5.0, and contamination control during these activities is discussed in Section 7.0.

4.6 Tube Change Mock-Up and Storage for Restart (OPG designated area)

The Tube Change Mock-Up and Storage for Restart area designated as an OPG area is located in the existing Zone 2 area of the CMLF. None of the work involves the handling of radioactive material. The area is used as a training facility for mechanical maintenance personnel to practice pressure tube change techniques prior to executing them on a reactor.

Table 4-1 Typical Machine Shop Activities/Equipment

Components Activity/Equipment

Shafts (rotors) Lathes, grinders, refurbishing, thermal spraying, balancing

Rotating components (coupling, flywheels)

Balancing

Pump and compressor components (castings, impellers)

Horizontal boring mill, grinders, welding preparation, welding, machining, fabrication, fitting, balancing

Valves/components Grinders, lathes, fitting, re-machining, testing


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



5.0 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

5.1 Ventilation Systems

The ventilation systems of Zone 1, 2 and 3 are statically balanced so that air flows from Zone 1 to Zone 2 to Zone 3.

5.1.1 Ventilation Systems - Non-radioactive Areas

Shops, vehicle service areas, inactive laundries, and change and locker rooms are provided with supply and exhaust ventilation systems designed to suit the requirements of each application. Supply air is tempered in cold weather. All applicable codes and standards are adhered to.

5.1.2 Ventilation Systems - Zone 2

Open shop areas of Zone 2 are normally handled by the non-radioactive ventilation system (Section 5.1.1) unless contaminated work is expected to occur in those areas.

A dry cartridge filter exhaust system is used to exhaust the active and inactive thermal spray operations in Zone 2. See Figure 3–2 for the thermal spray area. The filter system consists of a pulse air cartridge dust collector, a HEPA pre-filter, a HEPA filter and a dedicated roof exhaust stack. Radioactive work within CMLF Zone 2 is confined to temporary rubber areas, and to exhaust hoods over work areas and grinding machines in the fitting shop. Permanent exhaust hoods are connected to the Zone 3 building ventilation system. Temporary rubber areas are connected to the Zone 3 ventilation system using elephant trunks. No portion of Zone 3 ventilation air is re-circulated.

5.1.3 Ventilation System - Zone 3

Zone 3 may be subject to radioactive contamination; therefore, all air exhausted from this zone is handled by a separate ventilation system for direct discharge via the CMLF exhaust stack. In the main building, exhaust air originates from general room ventilation, truck bays and locally from temporary contamination enclosures and exhaust hoods over work areas (Figure 5–1). In the radioactive laundry, exhaust air originates from general Zone 2 and 3 area ventilation, exhaust hoods, clothes dryers (through lint filters), decontamination fume hood and washing machines.

The areas supplied by the Zone 3, ventilation system are kept under negative pressure with respect to the surrounding areas. Figure 5–1 shows what occurs when radioactive work is being conducted in an identified contamination work area.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



MainCMLFExhaustStack

ContaminationEnclosure(Typical)

ContaminationEnclosure(Typical)

Figure 5–1

Active Ventilation System - Air Flow Diagram

Two exhaust fans are provided for the main CMLF building exhaust system, each with 100 percent normal system capacity. Air is exhausted at a maximum rate of 36 m3/s.

All air exhausted from areas serviced by the Zone 3 ventilation system pass through pre-filters and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters located in separate filter housings.

Charcoal filters are not provided centrally in the Zone 3 ventilation systems, since no significant radioiodine contamination is anticipated in the building. In the unlikely event that equipment with potential radioiodine contamination is to be maintained, the Responsible Health Physicist shall define appropriate control measures.

The filtered exhaust air is sampled by the stack monitors for tritium, radioiodine and radioactive particulates, and then discharged to the atmosphere through a dispersal stack. The stack monitor trouble alarm will alarm locally and at the Bruce Steam Plant (BSP) Control Room. The stack has a minimum height of 9 m above the adjacent roof level.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



The static pressure of the fans is regulated to change with filter resistance from dust loading and to accommodate the variable number of temporary contamination enclosures, machine tools and exhaust hoods in operation.

Each fan is equipped with a motorized discharge damper to permit servicing and, if one fan stops, to prevent recirculation of air into the distribution duct work.

Each filter housing is provided with tight-sealing inlet and outlet dampers to permit maintenance of one filter while the other remains in operation.

For each fan, the following conditions are annunciated separately on a panel in Room M158: run/stop status, fan speed low and discharge damper failure. These conditions also have annunciations in the BSP Control Room.

5.2 Radioactive Liquid Drainage System

All liquid waste originating within Zone 3 is considered potentially radioactive.

Radioactive liquid wastes originate from the janitor sinks in the active laundry, laundry storage, thermal spray rooms, personal decontamination centre and the Zone 2 truck bay from the decontamination area fume hoods and from the emergency showers and eyewash stations in the active laundry, laundry storage and decontamination area.

All floor drains connected to the radioactive liquid drainage system are normally capped to keep out foreign material such as inactive liquid and floor sediment, which would otherwise have to be removed in the active liquid filters. Floor drains can be uncapped for the rare accumulations of active liquid, such as in the Zone 2 truck bay, which have to be drained to the active drainage system. Utility drains are provided with a normally closed valve above floor level.

Radioactive work can be done in any of the Zone 2 areas as shown in Figure 3–2. When this is done, a tented enclosure is set up and vented via elephant trunks to the Zone 3 ventilation system. Floor drains throughout the Zone 2 area, which are piped into the sewage collection system, are permanently capped.

Note: Effluents from the Zone 2 washrooms and showers are considered non-radioactive and thus are connected to the sewage collection system.

Small volume, higher activity liquid wastes are collected at the source in drums. Radioactive liquid waste management is discussed in Section 6.0.

All other effluents of lower radioactivity levels are collected in storage tanks. Two tanks, each with 50 percent of the required total capacity, are provided. These effluents are trucked periodically to the active liquid waste management system at Bruce A after being filtered to remove sediment and crud. These filtered solids are then stored as radioactive waste in OPG Western Waste Management Facility.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Note: Bruce Power has requested (Reference 1) and received approval for (Reference 2) an alternate release avenue of Active Liquid Waste (ALW) to the Sewage Processing Plant (SPP). This avenue would be used only if the CMLF liquid fails to meet the requirements for the Bruce A ALW system, or if the Bruce A ALW system is not available at a time when the transfer must be made. The CMLF liquid would be required to meet the conventional chemistry requirements specified by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment in the Certificate of Approval for the SPP and the radionuclide content would be below the limits of ≤ 14kBq/L tritium and ≤ minimum detectable activity gross gamma. The CNSC has requested Bruce Power for notification at the time of any such release and the results of any such release are to be provided for information.

References:

1. Letter, F. Saunders to J. H. M. Douglas, “Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility: Discharge Active Liquid Waste to Sewage Processing Plant”, March 19, 2003, NK37-CORR-00531-00303.

2. Letter, K. J. Klassen to F. Saunders, “Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility (CMLF)-Alternate Release of Active Liquid Waste (ALW) to Sewage Treatment Plant”, October 31, 2003, NK37-CORR-00531-00460.

The dyked collection tanks are constructed of epoxy-coated carbon steel and located in the basement so that all sides and the bottom may be observed for leakage. They have a total capacity of 25 m3 and are sized to hold the maximum expected volume of effluents from one week’s collection. All drainage flows into the tanks by gravity.

Two pumps, each of 100 percent duty, are provided. The capability of each pump is sufficient to fill a 27 m3 tanker in less than two hours.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Figure 5–2 Active Drainage System - Liquid Waste Flow Diagram

The main discharge pumps are used to circulate and mix tank contents to get a proper mixture for sampling activity levels before pump-out.

The following indications are provided at the tank/drum filling station:

1. Storage tank levels. 2. Discharge indication (tanker/drum). 3. Pump operating mode (agitation/filling). 4. Metering of flow. 5. Individual pump running/pump stop indications.

A storage tank high level alarm is provided remotely in the BSP Control Room and in the CMLF SERM’s office.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



5.3 Sanitary Sewage System

Sanitary sewage effluent from all building washrooms, showers and inactive services, including active laundry effluent, are collected in the sanitary drainage system and run by gravity flow into the sanitary sewer in front of the building which flows via the site Sewage Collection System to the Sewage Processing Plant.

5.4 Water Systems

Domestic water is supplied by Bruce B. The water distribution system supplies the drinking water requirements of the building.

The fire protection water system supplied from the Bruce B fire and domestic water pumphouse serves the building sprinkler system, fire hose stations and yard fire hydrants.

5.5 Heating System

The building is heated by a steam-heated glycol-water mixture. Individual heating units are designed to suit the requirements of each work area.

5.6 Service Air System

A compressed air system supplies service air to operate all pneumatic shop tools and the building instrumentation with instrument air that is dried.

5.7 Breathing Air System

A breathing air compressor complete with filters and dryers provides breathing air to respiratory protective equipment used in operations requiring it, such as grit blasting.

5.8 Smoke Detection System

A heat and smoke detection system is provided to give early warning of fire in any work area. The fire protection water system is covered in Section 5.4.

5.9 Air Conditioning

Administration offices, lunchroom, selected shops and foremen’s offices are air-conditioned.

5.10 Electrical Systems

Power for the building is Class IV at nominal voltage levels of 600/347 V and 208/120 V, 60 Hz.

Emergency lighting is available to provide adequate illumination for personnel egress during a loss of Class IV power.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



6.0 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

6.1 General

The CMLF provides for the safe management of radioactive airborne, liquid and solid wastes generated at the facility according to principles identified in BP-RPP-00001, Radiation Protection Policies and Principles, and BP-RPP-00002, Radiation Protection Requirements. Appendix B: Public Radiation Safety provides details on how exposure of the surrounding population is kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).

The potentially radioactive wastes from the CMLF consist of the following:

1. Zone 3 ventilation HEPA filters (sampled prior to release).

2. Potentially radioactive liquid waste from Zone 3 and the Zone 2 machine shop, which is stored in holding tanks. Depending upon radioactivity levels, wastes are either pumped-out and transferred by tanker to the active liquid waste management system at Bruce A (an alternative release path is available, see Section 5.2) or immobilized at the CMLF. Liquid waste is immobilized, as specified by OPG, if its composition does not meet Bruce A’s active liquid waste management system conventional acceptance criteria or if its radioactivity exceeds 10.0 µCi/kg gross gamma or 750 µCi/kg tritium.

3. Solid radioactive waste or solidified liquid radioactive waste generated in the CMLF is transferred to OPG Western Waste Management Facility for storage.

Interim Derived Release Limits for radioactive releases to the environment from the Central Maintenance Facility were provided to the CNSC in Reference 1 (B-REP-03482-00002-R00) and accepted by the CNSC in Reference 2.

Environmental Action Levels for the CMLF in Table 3 of B-REP-03480-00001 R-001 “Environmental Action Levels for Bruce Power” were approved by the CNSC in Reference 3.

References:

1. Letter, R. Nixon to J. H. M. Douglas, “BNPD Central Maintenance Facility - Revised Interim Derived Release Limits for Radioactive Releases to the Environment”, September 6, 2000, NK37-CORR-00531-00049.

2. Letter, K. J. Klassen to R. Nixon, “BNPD Central Maintenance Facility (CMF) - Interim Derived Release Limits”, March 9, 2001, NK37-CORR-00531-00069.

3. Letter K. J. Klassen to F. Saunders, “Action Levels (ALs) Applicable to the Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility (CMLF) for the Purposes of Section 6.0 of the Radiation Protection Regulations”, June 6, 2003, NK37-CORR-00531-00391.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



6.2 Radioactive Airborne Waste

6.2.1 Sources

Airborne radioactivity arises as airborne particulate from machining operations.

6.2.2 Management of Airborne Radioactivity

Since machining of radioactive components is infrequent and the radioactivity inventories low, airborne radioactive particulate concentrations in the Zone 3 ventilation system are low. Nonetheless, the Zone 3 exhaust is filtered by HEPA filters. Section 5.1 describes the Zone 3 ventilation system.

The Zone 3 ventilation exhaust is monitored for tritium, Iodine 131 and particulate emissions. The emissions are continuously sampled and analyzed on a weekly basis. The tritium, Iodine 131 and particulate emissions are routinely a fraction of the operational targets, which themselves are a small target of the Derived Release Limits accepted by the CNSC (see Section 6.1) as reported in the Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility Quarterly Technical Reports.

6.3 Radioactive Liquid Waste

6.3.1 Sources

Liquid waste handled by the Zone 3 radioactive liquid drainage system originates as described in Section 5.2. Vehicle cargo space decontamination also results in small amounts of radioactive liquid waste.

Due to radioactive material machinings being generated, some radioactive liquid waste may result from the clean-up of the temporary contamination enclosures (e.g., machining lubricants, floor cleaning liquids).

6.3.2 Management of Radioactive Liquid Waste

Generally, radioactive liquid waste is handled by the radioactive liquid drainage system described in Section 5.2. This liquid is periodically shipped by tanker to the active liquid waste management system at Bruce A (an alternative release path is available, see Section 5.2).

Small amounts of liquid waste with impurities and radioactivity exceeding those acceptable for shipment to the Bruce A active liquid waste management system, as well as radioactively contaminated sludges, are immobilized to satisfy established waste acceptance criteria and sent to OPG Western Waste Management Facility (WWMF) for storage as solid radioactive waste. Alternatively, such wastes are collected and periodically sent to an external licensed contractor for processing.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



6.4 Radioactive Solid Waste

6.4.1 Sources

Generally, solid radioactive wastes arise from janitorial and maintenance activities within Zone 3, decontamination work, temporary contamination enclosures in the machine shop, and rejected contaminated clothing and other wastes from the laundry. Small amounts of immobilized liquid waste may also arise.

Filters from the ventilation systems are another source.

6.4.2 Management of Radioactive Solid Wastes

Radioactive solid waste is accumulated in radioactive waste transport containers situated in the CMLF waste handling area. These containers are on the OPG approved listing and consist of 2.5 m3 non-processible containers and 0.6 m3 reusable secondary containers for processible waste. At times, 205 liter black drums have been used for waste disposal. This area is signed/roped off for any hazards in compliance with the Radiation Protection Procedures. These containers are transported periodically to OPG Western Waste Management Facility (WWMF) and are subject to WWMF acceptance criteria.

7.0 OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION SAFETY

7.1 General

Radiation exposures of CMLF personnel are controlled by a combination of facility design features and the adherence to a set of approved Bruce Power documentation. These are: BP-RPP-00001, Radiation Protection Policies and Principles; BP-RPP-00002, Radiation Protection Requirements; BP-OPP-00003, Central Maintenance And Laundry Facility; Radiation Protection Procedures; various Operating and Maintenance Procedures, and other policies and procedures, as required.

Action Levels for radionuclide releases developed for worker radiation protection were provided to the CNSC in Reference 1 and accepted by the CNSC in Reference 2. These Action Levels were developed in accordance with Section 6.0 of the Radiation Protection Regulations. When an Action Level is reached, a Station Condition Record shall be initiated and the prescribed actions shall be followed as outlined in the Radiation Protection Regulations. An investigation shall be conducted to establish the cause for reaching the Action Level, actions shall be identified and taken to restore the effectiveness of the Radiation Protection Program, and the regulatory body shall be notified within the period specified in the licence.

References:

1. Letter, F. Saunders to J. H. M. Douglas, “Action Levels to Provide Radiation Protection for Workers and the Public While Carrying Out Licensing Activities Relating to Bruce Power’s Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility”, March 28, 2003, NK37-CORR-00531-00320.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



2. Letter, K. J. Klassen to F. Saunders, “Action Levels (ALs) Applicable to the Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility (CMLF) for the Purposes of Section 6.0 of the Radiation Protection Regulations”, June 16, 2003, NK37-CORR-00531-00391.

To ensure that radiation doses are kept to a minimum during the operation of the facility, a radiation design review process was carried out during the design phase. The aim of this process was to verify that the design was optimized for minimum practicable radiation exposure of personnel. Potential occupational radiation hazards associated with work areas, equipment, and operating and maintenance procedures were identified and assessed. Where necessary, corrective measures or improvements were implemented.

The Radiation Protection Program at the CMLF keeps doses as low as reasonably achievable during actual operation. This is accomplished through worker training, review of procedures, responsible supervision, monitoring dosimetry results, identification of high hazard work activities with the assistance of the Responsible Health Physicist and Radiation Safety personnel, and the development and use of high hazard work plans, where required. Worker training covers not only the operation of CMLF systems and equipment, but also radiation protection, in accordance with regulatory requirements, to the level required for the workers to carry out their responsibilities.

7.2 Contamination Control

Various design features of the CMLF are used to control the spread of contamination and to minimize internal exposure. These can be divided into the categories detailed in Sections 7.2.1 to 7.2.5.

7.2.1 Zoning

The building is divided into three radiological zones according to the potential contamination hazard (Figure 7–1 to 7-4). The zones conform to BP-RPP-00001, Radiation Protection Policies and Principles and BP-RPP-00002, Radiation Protection Requirements.

Zone 1 includes all the inactive work areas, as well as the general office, the lunchroom, the inactive locker rooms, and the inactive shipping and receiving area. The main areas of Zone 2 are comprised of the radioactive materials shipping and receiving truck bays, the machine shop, the fabrication shop, the welding area, the equipment overhaul area, the OPG Tube Change Mock-Up and Storage for Restart area, the portable radiation instrument shop and the free air calibrator shop. The active locker and change rooms are also in Zone 2. Zone 3 consists of the equipment decontamination area and the radioactive instrument decontamination area.

7.2.2 Monitoring

Monitoring stations are provided along traffic routes at inter-zonal boundaries (Figure 7–1 to 7-4). The monitoring instruments are designed for detection of beta-gamma activity on individuals and equipment. Personnel are required to use the whole body contamination monitors upon leaving Zone 3 to Zone 2 and Zone 2 to Zone 1. Routine radiation surveys are done throughout the CMLF with radiation hazard signs posted for fields, airborne contamination and loose contamination in accordance with regulatory requirements.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Figure 7–1 Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility Zoning and Monitoring Locations

Area – Zone 3 F

2nd Floor


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



MECHANICALEQUIPMENT

AREAOFFICE

ZONE 3ZONE 2ZONE 1 OPEN

STORAGEAREA

0 9 18 27

12 13 14

K

J

H

12111098765

D

F

G

H

J

K

L

M

E

HEPA FILTERSINSIDE ZONE 3

ELECTRICALEQUIPMENT

AREA

MECHANICALEQUIPMENT

AREA

ELECTRICALEQUIPMENTAREA

9M

9M

METRES

Figure 7–2 CMLF Mezzanine Floor Zoning


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Figure 7–3 CMLF Mezzanine Roof Zoning

Figure 7–4 CMLF Basement Floor Zoning


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



7.2.3 Ventilation

Within Zones 2 and 3, air contamination is dealt with by control and adjustment of the ventilation system flows. The general ventilation provided for Zone 3 is described in Section 5.1.3. The Zone 2 areas are normally part of the non-radioactive ventilation system (Section 5.1.1), unless the work is expected to be contaminated and provisions are made to accommodate that work (Section 5.1.2). In addition, identified temporary sources of airborne contamination in either Zone 2 or 3 are controlled by the use of local exhaust connections to the Zone 3 ventilation system. All the fume hoods used for radioactive work and the decontamination equipment are connected to the Zone 3 system. When work is being done (in the machine shop) on radioactively contaminated components, portable enclosures exhausted by the Zone 3 ventilation system are used. Grinders used for radioactive work are equipped with dust collectors and the exhaust from these are connected to the Zone 3 ventilation system.

7.2.4 Breathing Air System

In Zone 3 and in the contamination enclosures in Zone 2 where the potential for airborne radioactive contaminants exists, a permanent breathing air system is provided to supply safe, high quality air for use with respiratory protective equipment.

7.2.5 Change Rooms

For persons engaged in radioactive work in Zones 2 or 3, facilities are provided for a change of clothing. The change rooms include areas for storage of personal clothing and work clothing, washing and showering facilities and personnel monitoring facilities.

7.3 Dose Control

All personnel at the CMLF who are expected through their normal job duties to exceed 1 mSv per year whole body dose are designated Nuclear Energy Workers. All such workers are informed of the risks due to radiation and are requested to verify their knowledge of these risks in writing.

All personnel entering the radiological Zones 2 and 3 are required to wear approved dosimetry in order to measure their whole body dose. In the event that personnel will be performing radioactive work or entering a radioactive work area, or if pregnant persons are entering Zone 2 or 3, EPDs and/or external TLDs are issued.

Personnel working in an area where tritium may be present will submit bioassay samples. To minimize the internal dose due to tritium (or other airborne contamination), protective clothing and equipment is available (emergency showers are provided in the decontamination laundry areas). The use of personal protective equipment is in accordance with BP-RPP-00001, Radiation Protection Policies and Principles, and BP-RPP-00002, Radiation Protection Requirements, the nature of the job, the existing or anticipated conditions in the work area, and the guidance laid down in the Radiation Protection Procedures.

Shielded areas are provided in Zone 3 for the temporary storage of radioactive materials. The ambient and local radiation fields in these areas are placarded, if necessary.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Radiation dose data is recorded and maintained, as required, by BP-RPP-00001, Radiation Protection Policies and Principles, and BP-RPP-00002, Radiation Protection Requirements.

The Responsible Health Physicist assigned from the Employee Safety Department oversees the Radiation Protection Program for the CMLF.

8.0 CONVENTIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

All requirements pertaining to conventional health and safety are addressed to be in compliance with the codes and regulations of applicable regulatory agencies. The applicable regulatory agencies include; Environment Canada, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Health and Electrical Safety Authority.

All hazardous materials used in the CMLF are identified in the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS). Under WHMIS, workers are provided information on hazardous materials through labels, manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) and worker training programs. Any hazardous material used in the CMLF will have an MSDS which will contain information on handling, storage and waste disposal procedures for that material. The MSDSs will be contained in binders located at Right To Know Stations.

Hazardous materials used at the CMLF include; bleaches, disinfectants, solvents, degreasers, cleaning agents, stripping agents, waxes, spot removers, laundry detergents, heat transfer fluids, greases, lubricants, fuels, welding gases and cutting fluids.

9.0 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The requirements of the Management System for design, procurement, construction and performance feedback activities for nuclear projects are documented in BP-PROC-00335, Design Management. The CMLF was designed and constructed in accordance with the Ontario Hydro Miscellaneous Projects, Quality Engineering Program, which defined the extent and scope of the application of the Design and Construction Branch Quality Engineering Manual (Ontario Hydro).

The CMLF operation shall be carried out in accordance with BP-MSM-1, Management System Manual.

10.0 REFERENCES

• Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility Quarterly Technical Reports.

• Canada, 1954, Department of Agriculture Experimental Farms Service, and the Ontario Agricultural College. Soil Survey at Bruce County. Report No. 16 of the Ontario Soil Survey. January, 1954.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



• Gorman, D.J., 1986, The Basis for the Derived Limits for the Emission of Radionuclides in Airborne and Liquid Effluents from Ontario Hydro’s Nuclear Facilities, Safety Services Department, March, 1986.

• ICRP 60 (1990).

• National Working Group, 1982, Recommendations on Models and Measurements Required for Response to Accidental Radioisotope Releases to the Atmosphere. National Working Group on Atmospheric Releases of Radioisotopes, A. D. Christie, Chairman. Draft Report 1982.

• Ontario, 1972, Ministry of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Branch. Lake Huron Shoreline Data on Wildlife, Grand Bend to Baie du Dore. August, 1972.

• Ontario Hydro, 1973, Climatology of Bruce And Douglas Point. Power System Operations Division.

• BP-MSM-1, Management System Manual.

• BP-PROC-00335, Design Management.

• Pilar, G.J., 1983, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Design Guide, SSD-83-1.

• Slade, D.H., 1968, (ed.) Meteorology and Atomic Energy, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, TN 37830.

• US NRC, 1972, (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). Safety Guides for Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide 23: On-Site Meteorological Programs. US AEC, Division of Reactor Standards, Washington, DC 20545.

• BP-OPP-00003, Central Maintenance and Laundry Facility Operating Policies and Principles.

• BP-PROC-00107, Waste Acceptance Criteria for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste.

• BP-RPP-00001, Radiation Protection Policies and Principles.

• BP-RPP-00002, Radiation Protection Requirements.

• Benovich, I., Guidance for Calculation of Derived Release Limits for Radionuclides in Airborne and Liquid Effluents from OPG Nuclear Facilities, N-REP-03482-10000, July, 2000.

• Guidelines for Calculating Derived Release Limits for Radioactive Material in Airborne and Liquid Effluents for Normal Operation of Nuclear Facilities, CSA/CAN N288.1-M87, 1987.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



• Benovich, I., The Interim Derived Releases Limits for BNPD Central Maintenance Facility, B-REP-03482-00002, R000, December, 1999.

• Guidelines for Radiological Monitoring of the Environment, CSA/CAN N288.4-M90, 1990.

• Lamarre, J., The Updated BNPD Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, NK37-03443.1-98006, June, 1998.

• Lamarre, J., Annual Summary and Assessment of Environmental Radiological Data for 2000, N-REP-03419-100001, R00, April, 2001.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION OF THE BRUCE POWER SITE ENVIRONMENT

A1.0 POPULATION

The Bruce Power site area is located in a primarily rural area and there is no single major urban centre in this region. The urban population is mainly dispersed among five towns and five villages, as shown in Table A-1. The table summarizes the existing population based on the 2001 Census (Statistics Canada) for towns, townships, and villages within about 40 km of the CMLF and an update obtained directly from individual municipalities for 2004 population data. In comparison with other Ontario nuclear sites, there are few people living within 40 km of the CMLF. The 2001 Census shows a declining population in the vicinity of the CMLF; the annual rate of change in population is -0.8% per annum (1996-2001), although the 2004 figures indicate that this trend may now be reversing.

Table A-1

Township Pre-Amalgamation Municipalities

2004 2001 1996

Kincardine Kincardine (Town) Kincardine (Township) Tiverton (Village) Bruce (Township)

12,000 11,029 11,908

Saugeen Shores Port Elgin (Town) Southampton (Town) Saugeen (Township)

11,997 11,388 12,084

Saugeen 29 (Indian Reserve) 1,559 677 638

Arran-Elderslie Paisley (Village) Arran (Township) Elderslie (Township) Chesley (Town)

N/A* 6,577 6,851

Huron-Kinloss Lucknow (Village) Huron (Township) Kinloss (Township)

N/A* 6,224 6,284

Brockton Walkerton (Town) Brant (Township) Greenock (Township)

N/A* 9,658 10,163

South Bruce Teeswater (Village) Culross (Township)

6,036 6,063 6,248

South Bruce Peninsula Amabel (Township) N/A 8,090 8,004

Total Population with ~ 40 km N/A 59,706 62,180

* Data for these municipalities is not available for this issue of the report.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Appendix A (Continued)

A2.0 LAND USE

Land use in the surrounding areas falls into two general classifications. Along the shoreline the land is a vacation area, while inland it is primarily used for agriculture.

A2.1 Recreation

Cottage development in Bruce County has been growing at a rate of five per cent per year since 1968. By 1982, the number of cottages along the shoreline, within 40 km of Bruce Power site, had grown to approximately 5,800. As of 2004 there were over 9,400 cottages along the lakeshore. This represents an annual increase of approximately 2.2%. There are also three conservation areas, two provincial parks and numerous private parks that offer camping and trailer facilities.

Title to Inverhuron Provincial Park, which adjoins the southern boundary of the site, was acquired by Bruce Power Inc. and OPG Inc. on April 1, 1999 for separate parts of the park. The park is leased back to the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) who will operate the southern portion. With the closure of the Bruce Heavy Water Plant, and removal of hydrogen sulphide from the Bruce Site, the day use only restrictions for the park have been lifted and overnight camping restarted in 2005. A portion of the northern end of the park lies inside the exclusion zone of Bruce B [1].

MacGregor Point Park, located approximately 13 km north of the Bruce Power site, is also run by the Ministry of Natural Resources as a day-use and overnight camping facility. Use estimates for the two parks from 1982 to 1991 are given in Table A-2.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




Table A-2

Use Estimates for Inverhuron and MacGregor Point Parks

Inverhuron Park MacGregor Point Park Year

Visitor Days Visitor Days Camper Days

1992 22,920 68,851 52,640

1993 34,494 87,974 61,352

1994 43,817 89,467 67,214

1995 - 106,443 82,990

1996 - 105,080 81,582

1997 28,818 105,240 82,892

1998 34,239 121,691 96,527

1999 32,886 116,672 93,287

2000 26,782 - -

2001 35.605 135,187 104,526

2002 49,253 134,275 104,754

2003 38,462 160,150 135,134

2004 37,811 167,671 140,058

Notes:

The data from 1992 to 2004 was obtained from the Ministry of Natural Resources. 2005 data was not available for this issue of the report.

The difference between camper days and visitor days represents day-use visitors to MacGregor Park.

A2.2 Agriculture

There are 394,065 ha of land in Bruce County. Land use in the surrounding area falls into two general classifications. Along the shoreline, the land is a vacation area while inland it is primarily used for agriculture.

The 2001 Census reported 247,642 ha (611,461 acres) of farmland in Bruce County. Of the agricultural land, 60% was used for crop production (primarily grain and fodder) and about 23% was used for pasture. The number of farms with sales of more than $2,500 per annum is as follows:


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Dairy 247Cattle 1,028Pig 104Poultry 37Wheat 14Other small grain 111Fruit 9Vegetables 17Miscellaneous/Specialty/Mixed 312Total 2,230

Total value of agricultural sales for 2001 in Bruce County was $310,000,000.

Inventories of site-specific agricultural data, which are pertinent to the food chain pathway analysis, have been compiled for areas within 100 km of the Bruce Power site. The agricultural data presented here were derived from the 2001 census data. Tables A-3 and A-4 show the summary results by distance and sectors from the site. The inventory includes estimates of two major human food categories:

a) Vegetable and food crop. b) Livestock and dairy products.

The first major category is further divided into four groups based on phenotypic and agricultural characteristics. These include:

a) Leafy vegetables. b) Exposed produce. c) Protected produce. d) Wheat and grains.

Leafy vegetables (cabbage and lettuce) have a broad flat leaf surface that may directly intercept deposition material from the atmosphere. In this group, the edible portion of the plant is primarily the vegetable growth (leaves and stems). Exposed produce refers to vegetables and fruits that may also intercept deposition material, but whose edible surfaces are smaller than those of leafy vegetables (thus less deposition interception). The edible portions are typically the seeds and fruits.

Protected produce items are not directly exposed to airborne material because they grow underground or, if above ground, their edible portions are protected by pods, shells or non-edible skins or peels. The edible portions of the protected produce are typically the reproductive or storage parts. Wheat and grains are similar to protected produce, but they are used both as human food and livestock feeds.

The second major category includes the livestock food items of beef, pork, poultry, milk and eggs. These foodstuffs are included in the inventory because animals may graze on contaminated vegetation or feed on contaminated plant material.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Bruce Power provides heat energy in the form of steam along with utility services to an industrial and agricultural energy park, known as the Bruce Energy Centre, consisting of a consortium of private companies located adjacent to Ontario Power Generation’s property.

A2.3 Mining and Manufacturing

There are no mining operations except for some gravel pits in the area. Brine pumping was formerly done at Kincardine. This has been discontinued and the nearest salt extraction operation is now at Goderich, 65 km to the south.

A small amount of industry, mostly woodworking and light manufacturing, exists in most of the larger communities having populations of over 1,000.

A3.0 WATER USE

The waters of Lake Huron are used for sports and commercial fishing. The latter varies from year to year, but in 2004 the season’s catch was 441,500 kg [2, 3] from the Bruce County offshore area south of Stokes Bay. Lake Trout, Whitefish and chub make up the majority of the catch, which is landed primarily at Southampton. Almost all the catch is exported to the New York area. This is a three fold increase over previous years.

Sport fishing in this area is estimated to account for somewhat less than this figure. The lake is used for water supplies by several of the municipalities along the shore. Kincardine and Port Elgin are the two nearest communities.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




Table A-3 Summary of Agricultural and Livestock Food Production Data (2001)

within Specific Radii of Bruce Power Site

Agricultural Production in Acres

Radius Range (in km) 0-4 4-16 16-24 24-32 32-40 40-60 60-80 80-100

Vegetable and Food Crop Leafy vegetables 0 2 farms

reporting1 12 2 farms

reporting 17 8 30 18

Exposed Produce Berries and tree fruit 0 38 8 farms

reporting 24 78 122 368 194

Other above ground vegetables

0 8 4 5 10 147 243 138

Protected Produce Potatoes 0 1 farm

reporting 28 1 farm

reporting 49 449 124 12

Other root vegetables 0 11 4 21 124 28 320 70 Beans/pods 0 10,472 15,554 16,504 14,984 54,489 68,613 105,754 Wheat and other grains 0 16,071 31,127 29,278 37,630 186,793 245,865 295,986 Other crops 0 18 3 farms

reporting 2 farms

reporting 38 147 339 598

Livestock and Dairy Production in Heads

Radius Range (in km) 0-4 4-16 16-24 24-32 32-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Poultry 0 33,744 54,139 95,823 225,236 468,902 2,357,645 2,828,756Eggs 0 836 10,990 52,110 13,873 255,442 914,718 1,309,184Sheep 0 4,684 5,836 2,565 2,411 15,888 26,031 15,902 Beef Cattle 0 4,505 10,984 5,495 14,413 81,174 77,013 63,269 Milk Cattle 0 896 2,214 1,883 1,727 13,299 17,121 28,517 Calves 0 1,821 3,770 2,987 5,113 29,470 36,614 35,699 Pigs 0 7,581 8,109 10,346 20,019 139,816 240,986 395,574 Horses and ponies 0 168 327 173 573 1,945 2,739 2,456 Other livestock 0 899 1,310 4,638 758 18,573 12,204 25,285


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




Table A-4 Summary of Agricultural and Livestock Food Production Data (2001)

by Sector within 100 km of Bruce Power Site

Agricultural Production in Acres

Compass Direction N, NNE, NNW NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S, SSE

Vegetable and Food Crop Leafy vegetables 2 farms

reported 11 11 11 20 16 8 22

Exposed Produce Berries and tree fruit 2 farms

reported 67 141 178 62 112 132 144

Other above ground vegetables

51 15 66 64 66 215 63 16

Protected Produce Potatoes 2 farms

reported 15 27 344 175 180 19 1

Other root vegetables 3 20 12 16 131 69 299 26 Beans/pods 831 3,393 18,855 27,633 42,996 69,184 79,537 43,940 Wheat and other grains 20,276 36,259 121,640 123,456 162,648 168,446 137,836 72,189 Other crops 86 156 319 186 126 87 35 177

Livestock and Dairy Production in Heads

Compass Direction N, NNE, NNW NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S, SSE

Poultry 663 34,800 64,440 459,994 1,347,476 1,107,359 2,156,760 892,753 Eggs 20,995 2,369 49,960 824,075 192,410 384,832 749,384 333,128 Sheep 400 6,398 12,453 14,806 7,740 21,153 7,328 3,039 Beef Cattle 11,256 15,470 56,378 43,721 45,281 42,419 29,419 12,909 Milk Cattle 0 1,619 6,358 7,591 17,827 17,584 10,067 4,611 Calves 4,404 6,327 24,577 17,602 21,585 23,003 13,239 4,737 Pigs 64 2,313 22,416 40,324 167,258 283,362 221,499 85,195 Horses and ponies 287 488 1,697 1,350 1,653 1,821 791 294 Other livestock 169 4,051 8,153 9,924 7,026 11,336 13,589 9,419

ACCESS CONSIDERATIONS

The CMLF may be reached by Provincial Highway 21 by way of two east to west concession roads; Nos. 2 and 4. These have been improved and extended to provide access to the existing facilities and those under construction. Docking facilities for barges are available at the site.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



A5.0 VEGETATION

The Bruce Power site area is considered potentially sub-marginal cropland and poor pasture (Canada, 1954). The narrow strip along the shoreline is covered with a fairly coarse beach shingle, and immediately inland the land is poorly drained. Poplar, silver birch, spruce and cedar trees are found in the gravelly soil of the area. White elm, ash and white cedar are also found, but are more common in poorly drained and organic soils.

A6.0 WILDLIFE

Much of the Lake Huron shoreline between Grand Bend and Inverhuron has been rated as having good or above average capability to support various species of wildlife including; deer, ruffed grouse, Hungarian partridge, European hare, ducks and migrant geese. The major limiting factors appear to be reduced soil fertility, shallowness of soils and unfavourable soil moisture conditions (Ontario, 1972).

A7.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY

The bedrock of the Bruce Power site is generally overlain by layers of dense glacial till consisting of sandy silt with a trace of clay, small gravel cobbles and boulders in some parts. These are, in turn, overlain by recent beach deposits composed of sand, gravel and cobble (mainly beach shingle derived from bedrock) with boulders. The area is relatively flat or gently rolling with negligible erosion.

The uppermost part of the bedrock is comprised of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of Middle Devonian age. It consists of interbedded, brown buff and grey, silty-to-sandy dolomite and limestone, and thin beds of dark grey bituminous limestone, all of the Detroit River formation, overlying a series of dark brown fossiliferous dolomite and limestone of the Bois Blanc formation.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




A8.0 SEISMOLOGY

The historical record of earthquakes for the region indicates very low seismic activity. Over the period of 1899 to 1963, the maximum seismic event within the region was only sufficient to generate a peak ground acceleration at the site equal to 1 percent of gravity [4].

Only two events were reported to have occurred within 100 km of the site. These events were reported:

• 1952, M = 3.6 (Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources, 1980), at 72 km

• 1958, M = 3.5, at 78 km from the site. It is apparent that the larger earthquakes in eastern and central North America, e.g.:

• New Madrid, Missouri, 1811, M = 8;

• La Malbaie, Quebec, 1925, M = 7;

• Attica, New York, 1929, M = 5.4;

• Temiskaming, Quebec, 1935, M = 6.26;

• Cornwall, Ontario to Massena, New York, 1944, M = 5.6), were located at sufficient distances from the site such that the site was not subjected to ground vibrations at levels greater than intensity IV (Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources, 1980). Thus, the region can be considered as seismically stable.

Monitoring of seismic activity in Southern Ontario has increased over the recent past to detect even very minor earth movements that would not be detectable by the population [5], so while hundreds of events are recorded, very few are noticed. These events can be categorized, in terms of strength as follows:

• Range 1.0 to 5.4 M

• Top 25% 2.7 to 5.4 M

• Top 10% 3.2 to 5.4 M

• Top 5% 3.5 to 5.4 M Only four events in the southern Ontario region exceeded 4.0 M. These are described below:

1. September 25, 1998 (19:52:55): Strength: 5.4 M Epicenter: South of Lake Erie in Ohio Widely felt in Southern Ontario.

2. January 1, 2000 (11:22:57): Strength: 5.2 M Epicenter: Temiskaming region, Quebec Felt as far as North Bay and Toronto. Some reports of minor damage in epicenter region.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



3. January 26, 2001 (03:03:22): Strength: 4.4 M Epicenter: South of Lake Erie near Ashtabula, Ohio Widely felt in Southern Ontario

4. October 20, 2005 (21:16:29): Strength: 4.2 M Epicenter: 12 km NE from Thornbury, Ontario. 44 km E from Owen Sound, Ontario. Felt in Owen Sound, Parry Sound and area.

Within 100 km of the Bruce site, there have been three earthquakes with magnitude between 2.5 and 4.0 M.

A9.0 TOPOGRAPHY

Generally, the topography in the Bruce Power site area is classified as smooth to gently undulating with a gradual rise from the lake water level, about elevation 174 m along the shore, to elevation 195 m, approximately 3.2 km inland. At that point, the ground rises steeply to elevation 220 m and then more gradually to elevation 242 m, another 3.2 km east. There are no major rivers or lakes other than Lake Huron in the vicinity of the site. However, there are two small east to west drainage courses entering the lake adjacent to the site. Underwood Creek empties into the Baie du Dore to the north and the Little Sauble River empties into Inverhuron Bay to the south.

A10.0 METEOROLOGY

The Bruce Power site is situated on the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron in west-central Ontario. The meteorology in the vicinity of the CMLF is affected by so-called meso-scale/synoptic factors consisting of the general circulation of air masses and the effects of the Great Lakes, and micro-scale factors that include off-shore/on-shore winds (for coastal areas due to diurnal temperature changes), terrain, and topography.

Meso-scale/synoptic factors affect meteorology beyond about 10 km from the point of interest. Micro-scale factors affect weather within about 10 km, i.e., near the point of interest.

In the context of the CMLF, meteorology near the potential release point is more important. Pertinent onsite weather data at each Ontario nuclear site has been gathered since 1991. For the CMLF, this data is described below for periods covering 1997 to 2005.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Temperature

The region has warm summers and cold winters. The mean annual temperature over the period 2002 to 2005 was 7.6°C, a drop on the 1997 to 2001 period mean of 8.4°C but still above the 1994 to 1998 mean. Mean daily temperatures fall below freezing in December through March (See Table A-5). For the period 2002 - 2005 the coldest recorded hourly temperature measurement was -25.3°C with -24.7°C as the previous periods lowest recorded, and the warmest recorded hourly temperature measurement was 32°C with 31.2°C as the previous periods highest record.

Precipitation

Table A-6 contains monthly precipitation data collected at the nearby Wiarton A Environment Canada weather station for the period 1991-2005 [6]. The table contains both mean monthly accumulation and maximum daily accumulations of both rainfall and snowfall.

Monthly total precipitation varies by a factor of about 2 over the year with the maximum occurring during winter due to prevailing north-westerly winds during this period, the CMLF’s position relative to Lake Huron, and temperature differences between land and water. Total annual precipitation averages about 1100 mm, of which about one quarter occurs as snowfall. At Wiarton A weather station, precipitation was recorded on 125 days of the year, with 104.6 mm as the greatest 24 hour rainfall in July and 51.4 mm the greatest 24 hour snowfall in January [7].

Table A-5 Atmospheric Temperature (2002-2005)

Month Minimum Hourly (°C)

Maximum Hourly (°C)

Mean Monthly (°C)

January -21.3 16.7 -6.5 February -21.2 8.2 -4.7

March -25.3 20.1 -0.4 April -8.3 26.4 5.5 May -1.2 26.8 10.6 June 4.7 31.6 17.5 July 7.9 29.7 19.0

August 9.7 32.0 18.9 September 1.5 26.9 17.0

October 0.3 22.8 10.6 November -11.2 18.6 4.0 December -19.1 11.0 -0.5

Year -25.3 32.0 7.6

Note:

1. Measurements at 10 m elevation of 50 m Bruce site Met Tower. 2. Minimum or maximum hourly temperatures represent the coldest or warmest hours for that

month over the 4 year period.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




Table A-6 Precipitation (Canadian Normals) Wiarton A, Ontario Environment Canada Station

(Latitude: 44°C45’; Longitude: 81°6’ Elevation: 222.20 m)

Month Mean Monthly Rainfall

(mm)

Maximum Daily

Rainfall (mm)

Mean Monthly Snowfall

(cm)

Maximum Daily

Snowfall (cm)

Mean Precipitation

(mm)

January 21.8 32 125.2 51.4 105.3 February 20.7 48 74.3 30.7 68

March 36.6 36.1 46.4 45.5 73.4 April 54.9 45.3 15.3 26.8 68.1 May 74.3 48.8 1.1 14.5 75.3 June 74.4 67.8 0 0 74.4 July 71.2 104.6 0 0 71.2

August 85.2 73.4 0 0 85.2 September 104.3 88.6 0 0.2 104.3

October 86.9 69.3 4.4 23.6 91 November 77.7 46 47.7 32.5 115.6 December 32.4 45.5 112.1 38.4 109.5

Year 740.4 426.6 1014.3

Wind

Table A-7 provides the joint frequencies of wind speed and wind direction from hourly data collected from the 50 m onsite weather monitoring station. The data was grouped into sectors according to the 16 compass directions, N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, etc. The wind sectors indicated represent the directions from which the wind is blowing. Figure 2-4 presents the joint frequency of wind direction and wind speed data in the form of a Wind Rose (percentage of time wind is blowing from an indicated wind direction).

The prevailing winds near the CMLF are generally blowing from the southwest direction about 40% of the time. Winds of “moderate” speed (10-20 km/hr) have the highest frequency (44%) of any wind speed group.

Lake Effect

The proximity of the CMLF to the lake affects the meteorology near the CMLF due to the so-called “lake effect” or “lake breezes”. Lake breezes result from temperature differences between land and water. An important by-product of lake breezes is the formation of the so-called Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL).


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



In the spring and summer, when the skies are clear and the geotropic winds are light, a strong temperature gradient develops between the air over the land and the air over Lake Huron. This gradient begins forming in the morning as the land is heated at higher rate relative to the water due to solar radiation. The air over the land is heated more rapidly than the air over the lake. As a result, it rises and is replaced by cooler lake air, thus producing a lake breeze. In the fall and winter, the lake is generally warmer than land resulting in more frequent land breezes.

In warmer seasons, due to solar heating, the air over land is often 10°C, or more, warmer than that over water. When cold stable lake air flows over warmer land, the resulting upward heat flux gives rise to a Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL). This TIBL grows in depth with distance inland as the stable air is advected over land and adjusts to changes in surface roughness, heat, and moisture input. The depth of the TIBL is typically hundreds of meters and extends about 10 km inland before a new equilibrium is reached. A research study of the dispersion climatology of the Bruce Area [8] indicated that the TIBL occurred about 30% of the time when the winds were on-shore.

For emission sources near the ground, pollutants emitted into the unstable boundary layer would result in higher than expected ground level concentrations during on-shore flows with a TIBL because the stable layer aloft would limit vertical diffusion.

Atmosphere Stability

Atmospheric stability is a measure of atmospheric turbulence. The turbulent nature of the atmosphere strongly affects the concentration of contaminants downwind of the release point. A highly turbulent atmosphere is referred to as Stability Class A and typically occurs on sunny mornings and early afternoons with minimal wind speed. A neutral atmosphere, referred to as Stability Class D, is representative of average turbulence conditions and occurs typically under cloudy, windy conditions. Stability Class F indicated high stability typically at night under low wind conditions. All other things being equal, downwind contaminant concentrations are highest when the atmosphere is highly stable (F stability) and lowest when the atmosphere is highly unstable (A stability).

Various schemes have been developed for predicting stability class. A widely accepted method is the Sigma Theta (σΘ) method [9, 10, 11]. It is based primarily on the standard deviation of continuous measurements of wind direction, but also on the time of day and wind speed. The meteorological data used to predict stability class is measured at the 10 m elevation of the on-site tower. Table A-8 contains stability class frequency averaged over the period 2002-2005 and the previous values for 1997 to 2001.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




Table A-7

Wind Frequencies (%) According to Direction and Speed (2002-2005)

Wind Speed (km/hr) Wind Sector 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 Total

N 2.02 3.38 1.1 0.05 0 0 6.55 NNE 2.38 3.22 0.52 0.05 0 0 6.17 NE 2.15 1.7 0.37 0 0 0 4.22

ENE 2.74 1.75 0.07 0 0 0 4.56 E 3.16 1.03 0.02 0 0 0 4.21

ESE 2.25 0.99 0.05 0 0 0 3.29 SE 2.73 1.77 0.2 0 0 0 4.7

SSE 4.23 2.29 0.38 0 0 0 6.9 S 6.04 3.66 0.59 0 0 0 10.29

SSW 4.14 4.16 1.54 0.07 0 0 9.91 SW 2.19 5.56 1.43 0.33 0 0 9.51

WSW 1.41 3.53 1.86 0.3 0.01 0 7.11 W 1.17 2.44 1.31 0.15 0 0 5.07

WNW 1.18 2.4 1.43 0.24 0.02 0 5.27 NW 1.4 2.63 1.02 0.21 0.03 0 5.29

NNW 2.34 3.37 1.1 0.12 0 0 6.93 Total 41.53 43.88 12.99 1.52 0.06 0 99.98

Table A-8

Frequency of Occurrence (%) of Atmospheric Stability Class

Period A B C D E F 2002-2005 5.5 7.5 24.3 43.5 9.8 9.4 1997-2001 5.6 6.9 22.8 46.2 9.3 9.1


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



References:

1. Irivine, H.S. Letter to T.J. Molloy, AECB. File NK29-00531, December 11, 1973.

2. Lake Huron Commercial Fishing Summary for 2003; Upper Great Lakes Management Unit Lake Huron; Report TR-LHA-2004-1; Ministry of Natural Resources.

3. Lake Huron Commercial Fish Harvest Summary for 2004; Upper Great Lakes Management Unit Lake Huron; Report TR-LHA-2005-1; Ministry of Natural Resources.

4. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Bruce Generation Station Site Seismic Risk Analysis. Earth Physics Branch, Report No. 80107.

5. Southern Ontario Seismic Network, www.gp.uwo.ca, November 2002.

6. Environment Canada Climate Data Online website; 2005; http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climateData/monthlydata_e.html.

7. Environment Canada, Canadian Climate Normals, Wiarton A, Ontario Station, November, 2005.

8. Tam, Y.T., “A Preliminary Study of the Dispersion Climatology of the Bruce Area”, Ontario Hydro Research Division Report No. 86-6-K, March 5, 1986.

9. US NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) Proposed Revision 1 to Regulatory Guide 1.23: Meteorological Programs in Support of Nuclear Power Plants, 1980.

10. US Environmental Protection Agency, “Guideline on Air Quality Models”, Report No. EPA-450/2-78-027R, Table 9-3, pp 9-21, 1986.

11. Oliverio, M., Updated Site Specific Atmospheric Dilution Factors For Use in Safety Analysis, NTS Report No.; N-03611.1-965074 R0, October, 1996.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



APPENDIX B: PUBLIC RADIATION SAFETY

B1.0 GENERAL

Exposure of the surrounding population is kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) by:

a) Ensuring that the public dose limits set by the CNSC are not exceeded.

b) Controlling the routine releases of radioactive material to the environment so that the Derived Release Limits (DRLs) are not exceeded and so that the actual releases are kept within a target value which is a small percentage of the DRLs.

c) Prohibiting any permanent habitation within the Bruce Power site.

d) Excluding all unauthorized persons from the Bruce Power site.

B2.0 LEGAL DOSE LIMITS

The radiation dose limits for members of the public for nuclear facilities, as set by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) and recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection per ICRP 60 (1990), are given in Table B-1.

The dose limits given in Table B-1 apply to the sum of the doses received from all routes, e.g., airborne, liquid and direct radiation exposure.

Table B-1 Radiation Dose Limits

Organ Annual Dose Limits

Whole-Body 1.0 x 10-3 Sv [0.1 rem]

Skin 5.0 x 10-2 Sv [5.0 rem]

Lens of an Eye 1.5 x 10-2 Sv [1.5 rem]

Hands and Feet 5.0 x 10-2 Sv [5.0 rem]

B3.0 METHOD OF CALCULATING DRL VALUES

The amount of radioactive material that may be released from a nuclear station is governed by the maximum dose limits established by the CNSC. It is necessary to convert these dose limits, which are given in sieverts (1 sievert = 100 rem), to allowable release rates. To do this, an environmental transport model as developed by Gorman (1986), and shown in Figure B-1, is used.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Appendix B (Continued)

The model employs the concept of compartments where each compartment is numbered and the quantity of activity in compartment i is denoted Xi. Transfer of activity from compartment i to compartment j is characterized by a transfer parameter Pij such that the amount transferred under steady-state conditions from compartment i to compartment j is PijXi.

The magnitude of the quantity represented by any compartment j is:

ii ijj XPX ∑=

where the summation is, over all compartments, i, transferred into compartment j.

To calculate the Derived Release Limit (DRL) for a particular radionuclide and critical group, the value of X9/X0 is divided into the relevant dose limit. X9 is the dose rate received by an individual [compartment 9] and X0 is the release rate from the source [compartment 0].

[ ][ ]11

09

1

/limit dose annualDRL −−

−

⋅⋅⋅=

BqsaSvXXaSv

(The calculations have been performed in SI units with a conversion to Ci or Ci-Mev at the end of the process.)

The process of calculating the DRL is broken down into the following six steps:

1. Identify the critical groups and exposure pathways, preferably from site-specific surveys. Exposure pathways for adults may differ from those for infants.

Note: There may be more than one critical group, and various radionuclides may be limited by various critical groups.

2. Develop appropriate expressions relating the release rates X0 [air] and X0 [water] to the dose rates to an individual, X9 based on the above equations.

3. Select appropriate values for the transfer parameters that are relevant to the critical group under consideration. The value of these parameters may be based on site-specific data or on the default values provided by Gorman (1986).

4. Calculate the DRLs based on the whole body dose limit. The calculations must be done separately for adults and for infants.

5. For those radionuclides for which organ or skin dose may be limiting, separate DRL calculations should be performed.

6. For each radionuclide, select the smallest of the calculated DRLs from Steps 4 and 5 above.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Figure B-1

Environmental Transfer Model


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



B4.0 GASEOUS EFFLUENTS

The DRL critical group for gaseous releases of unidentified particulates is the adult on the nearest farm. The DRL values are based on the production and consumption of fruit, vegetables and animal produce, and on external exposure pathways. For releases of unidentified particulates, the DRL value for the most restrictive radionuclide (Cs-137) is used.

The DRL values have units of Becquerels (or Curies) per unit time, and they are a conservative estimate of the maximum permissible average release rates which ensure compliance with the maximum permissible dose limits for the public. For airborne emissions, an averaging time of one week is used.

B5.0 LIQUID EFFLUENTS

There are no direct releases to water from the CMLF. Active liquid wastes are disposed of through the active liquid waste management system at Bruce A (an alternate release path is available, see Section 5.2), whose DRL is being used for this purpose. Inactive liquid waste, such as sanitary sewage effluent from all building washrooms/showers and active laundry effluent, are sent via the site Sewage Collection System to the Sewage Processing Plant.

In determining the critical group for waterborne emissions, factors considered include consumption of lakewater, fish, and fruit and vegetables irrigated with lakewater. Dilution of the radioactive effluents by the lake is also considered. For H-3 (oxide), infants in the Baie du Dore are the critical group. For almost all other radionuclides, adults in the Baie du Dore are the critical group. For releases of unknown radionuclides, the most restrictive beta/gamma emitting nuclide is used. Cs-134 is the most restrictive radionuclide primarily due to the fish ingestion pathway. For waterborne emissions, an averaging time of one month is used.

B6.0 DERIVED RELEASE LIMITS

The DRLs for Bruce Power were prepared by N4 Research Associates Inc. The DRL values have been established as though each radionuclide was the only one being emitted. However, the simultaneous release of several radionuclides, via both airborne and waterborne pathways, cannot be ignored.

Furthermore, for a multi-facility site such as the Bruce Power site, the total exposure of members of the public from releases from various source facilities must be considered. Therefore, a target which is a small percentage of the DRL (currently 1 percent) has been established by Bruce Power for each radionuclide group. A measure of the facility’s radioactive emissions performance indices compared to Bruce Power’s targets is presented in the Quarterly Technical Report for each station and the CMLF.

The overall environmental impact of releases of radioactivity from Bruce Power is nearly negligible and is summarized in the Annual Summary and Assessment of Environmental Radiological Data, prepared by Bruce Power’s Regulatory Affairs and Environment Division, Environment Management Section.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




B7.0 RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Beyond the Bruce Power site boundary, a program of monitoring and sampling of the environment is conducted by both federal and provincial government agencies.

In addition to this program, Bruce Power carries out a routine program for the Bruce Power site as a whole. This environmental surveillance program has been previously authorized by the AECB (Pilar, 1983; Lamarre, 1998) and is summarized in Table B-2. The monitoring sites are shown in Figure B-2.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67



Table B-2 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program

Sample Frequency Sampling Location Sample Collection/Preparation Analyses Where Analyzed Air (Inhalation) Monthly (continuous) 10 Environmental Monitoring Sites Molecular Sieve Tritium BP Air (Inhalation) Quarterly (continuous) 16 Locations Passive Samplers Tritium BP Air (Inhalation) Monthly (continuous) 3 Environmental Monitoring Sites Molecular Sieve Carbon-14 BP Air (Inhalation) Quarterly (continuous) 9 Locations Passive Samplers Carbon-14 BP Air (Inhalation) Monthly (continuous) 10 Environmental Monitoring Sites Particulates (Gross Beta) BP Air (Immersion) Quarterly 10 Environmental Monitoring Sites & Sludge Area TLD External Gamma OPG Precipitation Monthly 10 Environmental Monitoring Sites Buckets Tritium BP Ground Water Semi-annual 6 Locations at 3 Levels, 4 Locations at 2 Levels Tritium BP Drinking Water - Lake Huron Twice Daily Kincardine, Port Elgin, Southampton Weekly Composite Tritium BP Drinking Water - Lake Huron Twice Daily Kincardine, Port Elgin, Southampton Monthly Composite Gross Beta BP Drinking Water - Lake Huron Monthly MacGregor Point Park Tritium BP Drinking Water - Lake Huron Monthly MacGregor Point Park Quarterly Composite Gross Beta BP Drinking Water - Wells Monthly 13 Locations - Shallow, Deep Wells, Lake near Wells Tritium BP Drinking Water - Wells Monthly 3 Locations - Shallow, Deep Wells, Lake near Wells Gross Beta BP Drinking Water - Wells Monthly 2 Locations - Shallow, Deep Wells, Lake near Wells Quarterly Composite Gross Beta BP Drinking Water - Wells Monthly 5 Locations - Shallow, Deep Wells, Lake near Wells Quarterly Composite Gamma Scan BP Drinking Water - Wells Quarterly 13 Deep Wells Tritium BP Milk Weekly 3 Cow Farms, 1 Sheep Farm Monthly Composite Tritium, Carbon-14 BP Milk Weekly Composite of Cow Milk, Sheep Milk Separately Weekly Composite Gamma Scan BP Fruit (mostly apples) Annual 20 Locations Tritium, Carbon-14 BP Streams Monthly 4 Streams Tritium BP Streams Monthly 4 Streams Quarterly Composite Gross Beta BP Vegetables Annual 10 Locations (alternates available) Tritium, Carbon-14 BP Grains Annual 6 Lots (alternates available) Tritium, Carbon-14 BP Sediment Annual 7 Locations 4 Samples per Location Gamma Scan BP Fish Annual Bruce A and Bruce B Outfalls, Baie du Dore 12 Fish per Location Tritium, Carbon-14, Gamma Scan BP Honey Annual 3 Farms Tritium, Carbon-14, Gamma Scan BP Animal Feed Annual 3 Farms Carbon-14 BP Eggs Semi-annual 1 Location Carbon-14 BP Meat Annual 2 Locations Carbon-14 BP Deer Annual 1 Carcass (BNPD Site) Tritium, Carbon-14, Gamma Scan BP Soil (garden and shoreline) Annual 6 Locations (alternates available) Gamma Scan BP Service Water and Steam Monthly Bruce Energy Centre Tritium BP Service Water and Steam Monthly Bruce Energy Centre Quarterly Composite Gross Beta BP Tomatoes Quarterly Bruce Energy Centre - Tomatoes Tritium, Carbon 14, Gamma Scan BP

Misc. Produce Quarterly Bruce Energy Centre - Grain, Alcohol Tritium BP

NOTE: OPG is Ontario Power Generation’s Health Physics Lab. BP is Bruce Power’s Health Physics Lab. The air (immersion) quarterly sample will also be analyzed at Bruce Power’s Health Physics Lab starting in early 2003.


NK37-SR-00531.1-00002 Rev 002 June 2007 of 67




Figure B-2 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program


00531.1-00002 - central maintenance and laundry · pdf filenk37-sr-00531.1-00002 rev 002 june...

Documents