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_Refj�X k"/,uVM 0 x!,'4 O,P _e2. O. Galor (2000); 707.

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_q9" d(a@* +!,LcA" k�I +,Mq9,&9 0 t2VT"%&' C/,y> Qt2VT"%&' .&T,* Qk�I3. Malley and Katsimi (2003).4.. Flam and Helpman (1987).5. Open Economy.6. Rosen (1974).

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�!(P1* %&&6>

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yH ='()1-k ym Rf

yL =)k ym Rg

DM,I +#'"#',- Q) RDM,IX D="E$" ,' 0 q9" +3*4/! +#'"#',- /,&6* #:-,&' k>) C/,rW�#L* q1 1>"!/"0 +N,I Q3*4/!#? +,M/"(-,B v,V> .I%=" �#$,' _q$,= 3M"(B RD="E$"X

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1. Acemoglu and Robinson (2005).

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XLD = yL- q2 Rj

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VLD = q2+ ln (yL-q2) Ree

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VLD " -.2+ ln (yL-q2/" -.1+ ln (yL-q1)=V

LF Ref

�qP"! 7&M"(B - n,9"#' RefX .T!,6* t] ,'

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q1-q2Reg

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b-a,' q9" #'"#' Q3HHI1* �,lc-" "/ �/,B 3&T(> +,MN,I �#L* .I

�,' q9" #'"#' C"!/"0 7y] 16A"0M=[k 2(-

b-a+(1-k)]q1 Re�

ym �9(c* 3*4/! `cA0    +#'"#',- /,&6* /! C"#&&a> #[" %c$,= +"#' k"(>1* Re�X .T!,6* 5"3*4/!#? +,M/"(-,B 3*4/! D="E$" QqZ&Z] /! _!#I O!,bc9"    !(P1* .cP"! .:- q',[�#L* ¡b] .' trA 5" #>D&' k(HI" ,M/"(-,B %=" "#=5 Q!/"3- C"!/"0 +,Y,Z> #' +#[" ¢&M

�.y&c- /! G3-".c$,= t=,V> q&b&I,' 1>"!/"0 +,MN,I+3+) =

q1k(b-a) £

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1. Adam et al. (2008).2. Rose and Yellen (1989).3. Meade (1992).4. Johnston and Chinn (1996).5. Hye and Mashkoor (2010).

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1. Ariz and Nippani (2010).

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