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18
Incremental interpretation at verbs: restricting the domain of subsequent reference Gerry T.M. Altmann * , Yuki Kamide Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK Received 12 March 1999; received in revised form 13 August 1999; accepted 10 September 1999 Abstract Participants' eye movements were recorded as they inspected a semi-realistic visual scene showing a boy, a cake, and various distractor objects. Whilst viewing this scene, they heard sentences such as `the boy will move the cake' or `the boy will eat the cake'. The cake was the only edible object portrayed in the scene. In each of two experiments, the onset of saccadic eye movements to the target object (the cake) was signi®cantly later in the move condition than in the eat condition; saccades to the target were launched after the onset of the spoken word cake in the move condition, but before its onset in the eat condition. The results suggest that information at the verb can be used to restrict the domain within the context to which subsequent reference will be made by the (as yet unencountered) post-verbal grammatical object. The data support a hypothesis in which sentence processing is driven by the predictive relationships between verbs, their syntactic arguments, and the real-world contexts in which they occur. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Parsing; Thematic roles; Eye movements 1. Introduction Most theories of language comprehension assume, at least tacitly, a distinction between the identi®cation of the entities taking part in the event (or state) described by a fragment of the language, the identi®cation of the roles that are played out in that event, and the assignment of speci®c roles to speci®c entities. For example, on hearing a sentence such as `the boy will pick up the ornate red vase', the meanings of the noun phrases the boy and the ornate red vase determine which things in the Cognition 73 (1999) 247±264 COGNITION 0010-0277/99/$ - see front matter q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S0010-0277(99)00059-1 www.elsevier.com/locate/cognit * Corresponding author. Tel.: 144-1904-434-362; fax: 144-1904-433-181. E-mail address: [email protected] (G.T.M. Altmann)

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