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Topical Review for Final: MCGeneral History
1) Which document is an example of a primary source?1) a textbook on Russian history 2) an encyclopedia article on religions of the Middle
East
3) a novel on the Age of Exploration 4) the diary of a survivor of a Nazi death camp
• The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights• Article from Mohandas Gandhi’s Indian Opinion• Excerpt from the letters of Catherine the Great2) These three documents are considered
1) secondary sources 2) examples of oral traditions
3) primary sources 4) statements of different religious beliefs
Early People & the Neolithic Revolution3) One reason for the development of an early civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys was that
1) the location protected the people from land invasion 2) periodic flooding left rich soil, which was ideal for farming 3) these rivers provided a direct trade route between Europe and Asia 4) these rivers flowed into the Mediterranean Sea
4) The early civilizations of the Nile River Valley, Mesopotamia, and the Yellow River Valley were similar because they were1) industrialized societies 2) monotheistic
3) dependent on fertile land 4) dependent on each other for trade
“If a seignior (noble) has knocked out the tooth of a seignior of his own rank, they shall knock out his tooth. But if he has knocked out a commoner’s tooth, he shall pay one-third mina of silver.”
-Code of Hammurabi5) Which idea of Babylonian society does this portion of the Hammurabi code of law reflect?
1) all men were equal under the law 2) fines were preferable to corporal punishment
3) divisions existed between social classes 4) violence was always punished with violence
Religions & Philosophies6) Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in
1) the central authority of the Pope 2) a prohibition of the consumption of port
3) reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths 4) monotheism and ethical conduct
7) According the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that1) the ruler should be chosen democratically 2) the evil in humans must be eliminated 3) ancestor worship should be discontinued 4) individuals should know and do what is expected of them
8) In Japan, the martial arts, the tea ceremony, and flower arranging best reflect the influences of1) imperialism and militarism 2) Buddhism and Shintoism
3) capitalism 4) mercantilism
9) One similarity between the Five Pillars of Islam and the Ten Commandments is that both1) support a belief in reincarnation 2) promote learning as a means to salvation 3) encourage the use of statues to symbolize God
4) provide a guide to proper ethical and moral behavior
10) One way in which Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism are similar is that each1) accepts the supreme authority of the Pope 2) rejects the Old Testament as part of the Bible 3) is a branch of Christianity
4) was once the official religion of the Byzantine Empire
11) The Koran, jihad, and the hegira are most closely associated with the practice of1) Islam 2) Judaism
3) Shinto 4) Buddhism
12) The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by1) following the Ten Commandments 2) worshiping Allah as the one true god
3) learning to give up selfish desire 4) being baptized and confirmed
13) Traditional animistic beliefs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are based on
1) a desire for wealth 2) a written tradition
3) an appreciation for the forces of nature 4) a willingness to accept Christianity
14) Jewish religions and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by1) Ramadan and the concept of reincarnation 2) the Torah and the Diaspora
3) the New Testament and the Four Noble Truths 4) the Koran and the code of bushido
15) Mansa Musa’s journey to Mecca in the 1300’s is evidence that1) the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa 2) most African leaders were educated in the Middle East 3) European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa 4) Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire
16) The Eightfold Path, the Four Noble Truths, and the concept of nirvana are associated with the religion of1) Islam 2) Jainism
3) Shinto 4) Buddhism
Rise & Fall of Great Empires17) A major impact of Ancient Greece and Rome on Western Civilization was that
1) the Greeks and Romans succeeded in achieving a classless society, which was later copied in Western Europe 2) Greek sculpture and Roman architecture were much admired and copied in the 18th and 19th centuries 3) Greece and Rome transmitted Islamic philosophy to the areas they conquered 4) Greek and Latin are still widely spoken in universities throughout the West
18) The Ancient Romans’ most significant contribution to Europe has been in the area of1) economics 2) poetry
3) drama 4) law
19) An immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire was1) a renewed interest in education and the arts 2) a period of disorder and weak central government 3) an increase in trade and manufacturing 4) the growth of cities and dominance by the middle class
20) The Ancient Athenians are credited with1) inventing and using the wheel 2) eliminating slavery
3) establishing governments that had democratic elements
4) inventing the printing press21) Which ancient civilization established the basis of western democracy?
1) Phoenician 2) Egyptian
3) Sumerian 4) Greek
22) The political system of the Ancient Roman Empire was characterized by1) a strong central government 2) rule by a coalition of emperors and religious leaders 3) universal suffrage in national elections 4) a strict adherence to constitutional principles
23) The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta1) was primarily concerned with the health of their people 2) was a powerful military state 3) granted universal suffrage to their people 4) placed great emphasis on literature and the arts
24) An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia was the1) Orthodox Christian religion 2) use of the Latin alphabet
3) beginning of democracy 4) factory system
25) The adoption of the Eastern Orthodox religion and the Cyrillic alphabet by the Russian people occurred as a result of1) territorial expansion during the reign of Catherine the Great 2) the westernization policies of Peter the Great 3) contact with Byzantine culture in the 10th century 4) the influence of the Crusaders during the Middle Ages
26) After the fall of Rome, the eastern portion of the Roman Empire became known as the1) Persian Empire 2) Byzantine Empire
3) Mongol Empire 4) Gupta Empire
27) A major effect of the decline of the Roman Empire was that Western Europe1) came under the control of the Muslims 2) was absorbed by the Byzantine Empire
3) returned to a republican form of government 4) entered a period of chaos and disorder
28) During the centuries of dynastic rule, the Chinese rejected other cultures as inferior to their own. This situation illustrates the concept of1) ethnocentrism 2) imperialism
3) social mobility 4) cultural diffusion
29) Alexander the Great’s conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to the1) spread of Hellenic culture 2) adoption of a feudal system
3) establishment of representative democracy 4) spread of Islamic culture throughout Europe
African Trading Kingdoms30) One similarity between the Ancient African kingdoms of Egypt, Ghana, Mali and Songhai is that all of these
kingdoms were located1) in mountainous terrain 2) in coastal areas
3) on major trading routes 4) in rain forest areas
31) Mansa Musa’s journey to Mecca in the 1300’s is evidence that1) the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa 2) most African leaders were educated in the Middle East 3) European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa 4) Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire
Byzantine Empire32) “Western Europe owed a debt of gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of
Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task.”Which Empire is referred to in this quotation?1) Hellenistic 2) Mongol
3) Byzantine 4) Ottoman
33) An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia was the1) Orthodox Christian religion 2) use of the Latin alphabet
3) beginning of democracy 4) factory system
34) Which empire introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Cyrillic alphabet to Russia? 1) Mongol 2) Byzantine
3) British 4) Gupta
Islamic Empires / Spread of Islam35) A major feature of the Golden Age of Moslem culture was the
1) political and economic isolation of the Arab world 2) development of the foundations of modern
science and mathematics
3) adoption of democratic government 4) persecution of Jews and Christians
36) Which factor helps explain the scientific and literary achievements of the Muslims during their Golden Age (A.D. 800-1300)?1) expansion of trans-Atlantic trade 2) innovations introduced by the Europeans during the Renaissance 3) cultural diversity accepted by many Islamic governments 4) legal equality of all people in the Islamic empire
37) Mansa Musa’s journey to Mecca in the 1300’s is evidence that1) the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa 2) most African leaders were educated in the Middle East 3) European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa 4) Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire
38) Which activity occurred during the Golden Age of Muslim culture?1) destruction of books containing Greek and Roman ideas 2) beginning of pilgrimages to Mecca 3) opposition to freedom of thought and to foreign ideas by rulers 4) major discoveries in mathematics and science
39) The contributions of the Golden Age of Islamic civilization include1) advances in mathematics 2) irrigation systems
3) polytheistic beliefs 4) gunpowder and guns
Medieval Europe40) In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
1) lower living standards for industrial workers 2) decreased economic rivalry between kings
3) increased political power for the clergy 4) development of towns and cities
41) “All things were under its domain...its power was such that no one could hope to escape its scrutiny.”Which European institution during the Middle Ages is best described by this statement?1) the Guild 2) Knighthood
3) the Church 4) the nation-state
42) The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by1) the manor system and the importance of land ownership 2) absolute monarchies and strong central governments 3) decreased emphasis on religion in daily life 4) extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
43) Feudal societies are generally characterized by1) an emphasis on social order 2) a representative government
3) many economic opportunities 4) the protection of political rights
44) In Europe, a long-term effect of the Crusades was1) the strengthening of the feudal system 2) the adoption of Islamic religious practices
3) an increased demand for goods from the East 4) increased European isolation
45) The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with1) human scientific achievements 2) religious themes
3) materialism 4) classic Greek and Roman subjects
46) Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?1) Europeans maintained a lasting control over much of the Middle East 2) Islamic influence dominated Europe 3) Europeans developed tolerance of Non-Christian religions 4) trade between Europe and the Middle East was expanded
47) What were two indirect results of the Crusades?1) trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was strengthened 2) trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was strengthened 3) trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was weakened 4) trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was weakened
48) In Europe during the Middle Ages, the force that provided unification and stability was the1) central government in Rome 2) military alliance between France and Germany
3) federation of the craft guilds 4) Roman Catholic Church
49) In European feudal society, an individual’s social status was generally determined by1) birth 2) education and training
3) individual abilities 4) marriage
50) Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?1) free market 2) socialism
3) manorialism 4) command
51) A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to1) establish Christianity in western Europe 2) capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers
3) unite warring Arab peoples 4) strengthen English dominance in the Arab world
Feudal Japan52) Korea greatly influenced the development of early Japan by
1) acting as a bridge for ideas from China 2) providing Japan with the technology for industrialization 3) serving as a barrier against Chinese aggression 4) protecting Japan from early European exploration
53) In Japan between 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the1) military conquest of China 2) development of extensive trade with the
Americas
3) formation of cultural links with Europe 4) virtual isolation of the country from the outside
world 54) The code of bushido of the Japanese samurai is most similar to
1) belief in reincarnation and karma of Hindus 2) practice of chivalry by European knights 3) teachings of Judaism
4) theory of natural rights of the Enlightenment writers
55) A valid generalization about early Japanese culture is that Japan1) had a strong influence on the development of culture in Korea 2) spread Shinto throughout Asia 3) maintained a uniquely individual culture while borrowing much from other cultures 4) imported almost all of its cultural ideas from China, resulting in nearly identical cultures
Mongol Empire56) The Mongols played a significant role in Russian history by
1) supporting Czar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution 2) supporting the rule of Ivan the Terrible 3) ending the reign of Catherine the Great 4) isolating Russia from Western Europe during the early Renaissance
European Renaissance57) In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism was
1) a belief in the supremacy of the state in relation to individual rights 2) a rejection of ancient civilizations and their cultures 3) an emphasis on social control and obedience to national rulers 4) an appreciation for the basic worth of individual achievement
58) Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?1) the social structure became very rigid 2) creativity in the arts was encouraged 3) the political structure was similar to that of the Roman Empire 4) humanism decreased in importance
59) “Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep…time was when learning was only found in the religious orders…learning has passed to secular princes and peers.” This quotation best describes the1) Renaissance 2) decline of the Roman Empire
3) Crusades 4) rise of Christianity
60) Which statement describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on Western Europe?1) the philosophy of humanism brought about a decrease in the power of the Roman Catholic Church 2) art began to reflect an increased emphasis on religious themes 3) nationalistic movements among the minority ethnic groups in the region declines 4) the feudal system was developed to provide stability in a decentralized political structure
61) The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that both were1) stimulated by a spirit of inquiry 2) supported by the working class 3) limited to Italy, France, and Germany
4) encouraged by the successes of the French Revolution
62) One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in Northern Italy was that the region had1) a wealthy class that invested in the arts 2) a socialist for of government
3) limited contact with the Byzantine Empire 4) a shrinking middle class
63) European society during the Renaissance differed from European society during the Middle Ages in that during the Renaissance1) the Church was no longer influential 2) the emphasis on individual worth increased
3) economic activity declined 4) art no longer contained religious themes
64) Which idea about leadership would Niccolo Machiavelli most likely support?1) leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve their goals 2) leaders should fight against discrimination and intolerance 3) leaders should listen to the desires of the people 4) elected leaders should be fair and good
Reformation & Counter-Reformation65) Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses were a call for
1) religious revolt against the German princes 2) reforms within the Roman Catholic Church
3) greater papal authority 4) crusades to spread Christianity
66) In Western Europe, a major immediate effect of the Reformation was a
1) renewed domination of the Catholic Church over the German states 2) greater tolerance of religions other than Christianity 3) decrease in educational opportunities for the middle class 4) decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic Church
67) During the Renaissance, which development contributed most to the Protestant Reformation?1) interest in Ancient Greece and Rome 2) advances in mathematics and science
3) questioning of traditional authority 4) attention to realism and detail
68) Which was a result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?1) the Catholic Church accepted the dominance of the new Protestant religions in Italy, France, and Germany 2) Spain became a predominately Protestant nation 3) Catholic Church leaders refused to make any changes in church practices 4) the power of the Catholic Church in Europe was weakened
69) Which factor helped most to bring about the Protestant Reformation?1) the Catholic clergy had lost faith in their religion 2) Islam was attracting many converts in Western Europe 3) kings and princes in Northern Europe resented the power of the Catholic Church 4) the exploration of the Americas led to the introduction of new religious ideas
70) The Protestant Reformation represents a turning point in European history because it1) allowed religious reformers to escape
persecution 2) standardized all religious writings
3) ended religious unity in Western Europe 4) forced most of Europe’s monarchs to become
Protestants71) “Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will
hot recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.” —Martin Luther, Diet of Worms (1517)
When Martin Luther said “my conscience is captive to the Word of God,” he was referring to his belief in1) the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies 2) imprisoning those who disagreed with Church
teachings
3) maintaining the unity of the Church 4) the need for nepotism
72) Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because 1) the Pope’s right to sell indulgences was strengthened 2) Luther soon became the leader of Germany 3) the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew 4) the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states
73) In Spain, an effect of the Inquisition during the 16th century was to1) prevent the introduction of Protestant religions 2) reintroduce Moorish culture to the Iberian Peninsula 3) encourage the development of the Industrial Revolution 4) implement the ideas of the Renaissance in major cities
Age of Exploration74) In Latin America, the Maya and the Aztec civilizations were similar in that they
1) showed little evidence of urbanization 2) lacked a strong central government 3) developed complex mathematical and calendar
systems
4) used military weapons superior to those of Europeans
75) A study of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations of Latin America would show that these civilizations1) developed advanced and complex societies before the arrival of the Europeans 2) established extensive trade with Pacific Rim nations 3) were strongly influenced by their contact with Asian and African civilizations 4) were relatively large, but not well organized
76) Which was a result of the Commercial Revolution1) decline in population growth in Europe 2) shift of power from Western Europe to Eastern
Europe
3) spread of feudalism throughout Western Europe 4) expansion of European influence overseas77) The Commercial Revolution in Western Europe led directly to the
1) development of a socialist economy 2) establishment of the Guild System
3) weakening of the power of the middle class 4) expansion of world trade
78) Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution1) manorialism 2) communism
3) bartering 4) market economy
79) Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three?1) Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another 2) European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new territories 3) warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power 4) advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible
80) The Native American population of Mexico in 1492 has been estimated at 25 million; the population in 1608 has been estimated at 1.7 million. This decrease in population was mainly a result of1) crop failures brought on by poor weather conditions 2) emigration of Native Americans to Europe and Africa
3) wars between various native groups 4) diseases introduced by the Spanish
81) In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large numbers of the native people led to1) a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas 2) the removal of most Spanish troops from the
Americas
3) the importation of slaves from Africa 4) improved health care in the colonies
82) One reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires rapid is that1) these empires had no standing armies 2) the Spanish had better weapons than the Aztecs and Incas did 3) the Spanish greatly outnumbered the Aztecs and Incas 4) the Aztecs and Incas joined together to fight the Spanish
83) Which was a characteristic of the policy of mercantilism followed by Spanish colonial rulers in Latin America?1) the colonies were forced to develop local industries to support themselves 2) Spain sought trade agreements between its colonies and the English colonies in North America 3) the colonies were required to provide raw materials to Spain and to purchase Spanish manufactured goods 4) Spain encouraged the colonies to develop new political systems to meet colonial needs
84) The influence of African culture on some areas of Latin America was largely a result of the1) American Revolution 2) building of the Panama Canal
3) success of Communist Revolutions 4) Atlantic slave trade
85) In many Latin American nations, a major effect of colonial rule has been the1) concentration of power in a small group of
landowners 2) minor political role of the military
3) equal distribution of wealth among social classes 4) economic control held by the Indian population
86) According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be1) acquired as markets and sources of raw materials 2) considered an economic burden for the colonial power 3) grated independence as soon as possible 4) encouraged to develop their own industries
87) Which statement best illustrates the contradictory actions of the Catholic Church in colonial Latin America?1) the Jesuits destroyed the temples of the Native Americans, but allowed them to continue their religious rituals 2) the Church expressed concern over the mistreatment of Native Americans, but supported the encomienda system 3) the Church moved many Native Americas from Spanish territory to Portuguese territory, but encouraged the
importation of African slaves 4) the Pope endorsed the Treaty of Tordesillas, but outlawed further exploration
88) The printing press, the astrolabe, and the Mercator projection were technological advances that contributed to the1) exploration and overseas expansion of the
colonial empires 2) unification of Germany and Italy in the late 1800’s
3) growth of industry in Latin America during the late 1900’s
4) spread of Islam in the 700’s and 800’s Global Absolutism
89) Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by1) abolishing all social class distinctions 2) becoming constitutional monarchs
3) preventing wars with neighboring nations 4) introducing western ideas and customs
90) Westernization in Russia came about largely through the1) efforts of Peter the Great and his successors 2) invasion of Russia by Sweden 3) desire of the United States to seek new markets 4) acceptance of the policies of the Eastern Orthodox Church
91) “God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge…and to be judged (by) none…And the like power have kings;…”Which idea is described by this passage?1) theory of divine right 2) enlightened despotism
3) Social Darwinism 4) constitutional monarchy
Scientific Revolution92) Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on
1) the experiences of past civilizations 2) experimentation and observation
3) emotions and feelings 4) the teachings of the Catholic Church
93) During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they1) relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers 2) favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions 3) received support from the Catholic Church 4) examined natural laws governing the universe
94) Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?1) The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened. 2) The scientific method was used to solve problems. 3) Funding to education was increased by the English government. 4) Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.
European Enlightenment95) Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in
1) changing the relationship between people and their government 2) supporting the divine right theory 3) debating the role of the church in society 4) promoting increased power for European monarchs
96) The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of1) socialism 2) imperialism
3) the natural rights of man 4) the divine right monarchies
97) The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed the government decisions should be based on1) fundamental religious beliefs 2) the concept of divine right of kings
3) laws of nature and reason 4) traditional values
98) Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?1) god has chosen all government rulers 2) independence is built by military might 3) a capitalist economic system is necessary for democracy 4) the power of the government is derived from the governed
99) During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they1) relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers 2) favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions 3) received support from the Catholic Church 4) examined natural laws governing the universe
100) Speaker A: The story of history is the story of class struggles. Revolution is necessary to overthrow the ruling class and eventually create a classless society in which no one will be exploited.
Speaker B: The royal power is absolute and the prince need render account of his acts to no one. Where the word of a king is, there is no power. Without this absolute authority, the king could neither do good nor repress evil.Speaker C: Government should leave business alone. It should let the natural law of supply and demand determine what gets produced, how much gets produced, who does the work, the price of goods, rates of pay, and all other economic questions.Speaker D: Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. It is the duty of every government to preserve and protect these natural inalienable rights.Which speaker expresses the views of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau?1) A 2) B
3) C 4) D
French Revolution101) One important result of the French Revolution was that
1) France enjoyed a lengthy period of peace and prosperity 2) the church was restored to its former role and power in the French government 3) political power shifted to the bourgeoisie 4) France lost its spirit of nationalism
102) A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-Revolutionary governments1) are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them 2) refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology 3) attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion 4) fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people
103) The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he would 1) adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation 2) restore Louis XVI to power
3) provide stability for the nation 4) end British control of France
104) Which statement is a valid generalization about the immediate results of the French Revolution of 1789?1) the Roman Catholic Church increased its power and wealth 2) the revolution achieved its goal of establishing peace, democracy, and justice for all 3) the revolution had little impact outside France 4) the French middle class gained more power
Latin American Independence105) Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, leaders of Latin American independence movements, were inspired by
successful revolutions in1) the Untied States and France 2) the Soviet Union and China
3) Cuba and Costa Rica 4) Egypt and Kenya
106) One similarity in the leadership of Latin Americas Jose de San Martin, Toussaint l’Ouverture, Bernanrdo O’Higgins, and Pedro I was that each leader1) opposed United States intervention in Haiti 2) led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of his nation 3) opposed membership of his nation in the League of Nations 4) established an absolute monarchy in his nation
107) Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three?1) nations of Latin America won independence 2) revolutions occurred in North America and France 3) the Napoleonic wars weakened Spain’s power 4) Creoles and matzos became discontented with Spanish rule
Global Nationalism“A country is not merely a geographic territory. A country is also the idea given birth by the geographic territory. A country is a sense of love that unites, as one, all the sons and daughters of that geographic territory…”
--World History: A Story of Progress108) This quotation supports the idea of
1) totalitarian rule 2) absolute monarchy
3) mercantilism 4) nationalism
109) In a number of European countries in the 1800’s, which situation occurred as a result of the influence of the French Revolution?1) increase in religious conflict 2) rise of nationalistic movements
3) decentralization of governmental power 4) economic depression
110) Which quotation best reflects a feeling of nationalism?1) “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” 2) “A person’s greatest social obligation is loyalty to the family” 3) “For God, King, and Country” 4) “Opposition to evil is as much a duty as is cooperation with good”
111) Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has1) land suited to agriculture 2) adequate industry to supply consumer demands
3) a moderate climate with rivers for irrigation 4) common customs, language, and history
112) The best example of the success of nationalism in Europe is the1) development of socialism in France 2) Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
3) establishment of the Common Market 4) unification of Germany
Industrial Revolution113) Which condition is most necessary to the process of industrialization in a society?
1) dependence on subsistence agriculture 2) creation of a one-crop economy
3) availability of investment capital 4) capture of foreign lands
114) According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the1) granting of more political liberties to all people 2) struggle between classes in society 3) wars and conflicts between national leaders
4) increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization
115) A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles’ Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat1) would need foreign help to achieve its
revolutionary ends 2) had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain
economic rewards
3) should allow the capitalists to control the means of production
4) must unite to overthrow the capitalist class
116) A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the1) concentration of workers in urban areas 2) increased desire of the wealthy class to share its
power
3) formation of powerful craft guilds 4) control of agricultural production by governments
117) -Europeans sought new markets for their goods.-Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs.-European middle class gained political power.What was the major cause of these changes in Europe? 1) Industrial Revolution 2) rise of feudalism
3) Congress of Vienna 4) French Revolution
Meiji Restoration118) Before Commodore Matthew Perry’s expedition to Japan in 1853, Japan was most influenced by
1) Russia’s need for warm water ports 2) the introduction of advanced technology from the
United States
3) France’s quest for new colonies 4) China’s religion, art, and writing
119) In Japan, the Meiji Restoration resulted in the1) division of the nation between the European
powers 2) modernization of the nation’s industry
3) abolition of the position of emperor 4) government being controlled by the samurai
120) An immediate result of Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit to Japan in 1853 was1) an alliance between Japan and Russia 2) the development of trade between Japan and the West 3) a war between Japan and the United States 4) the continued isolation of Japan
121) The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan in 1853 signaled the end of Japanese1) cultural contacts with the West 2) policies of isolationism
3) militarism in Southeast Asia 4) trade relations with the United States
122) A major goal of the Meiji government in Japan was to1) isolate Japan from other nations 2) achieve political union with China 3) establish Japan as an industrial power 4) encourage colonization of Asia by Western nations
123) Which statement best describes events in Japan during the period of the Meiji Restoration?1) Japan sought to isolate itself from world affairs. 2) Rapid industrialization and economic growth occurred. 3) Local lords increased their power over the Japanese emperor. 4) Agriculture was taken over by the government.
Imperialism124) A primary purpose for building the Suez Canal was to
1) encourage Jewish settlement in nearby Palestine 2) increase trade between the Middle East, Europe and Asia 3) reduce the time needed for travel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea 4) allow Indian merchants to reach the east coast of Africa
125) Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800’s?1) new nations were based on old tribal boundaries 2) the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded 3) the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers 4) African unity was encouraged
126) After 1880, European nations sought colonies in Africa primarily because the Europeans were1) in need of land for their surplus populations 2) competing of raw materials and markets 3) determined to bring Christianity to the Moslem world 4) interested in completing their geographic knowledge of the world
127) The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that1) Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans 2) Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help 3) imperialism was opposed by most Europeans 4) Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples
128) The Sepoy Mutiny in India, the Boxer Rebellion in China, and the Islamic Revolution in Iran were similar in that they1) restored power to the hereditary monarchies 2) attempted to reject the traditional cultures in
these countries
3) resisted foreign influence in these countries 4) reestablished the power of religious leaders
129) During the 19th century, Europeans were able to divide China in Spheres of Influence mainly because the1) Chinese were eager to adopt western culture 2) Europeans had technologically superior military
forces
3) Europeans were willing to adopt Chinese customs
4) Chinese lacked raw materials and resources 130) The Boxer Rebellion of the early 20th century was an attempt to
1) eliminate poverty among the Chinese peasants 2) bring western-style democracy to China
3) restore trade between China and European nations
4) remove foreign influences from China131) British control over South Africa, French control over Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are
examples of1) isolationism 2) appeasement
3) nonalignment 4) imperialism
132) In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economies.Which term refers to the situation described in this statement?1) socialism 2) isolationism
3) imperialism 4) monotheism
133) In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economies.This statement describes a situation that resulted from the1) industrialization of Europe and the need for raw materials 2) desire of Europeans to spread communism throughout the world 3) European belief in human rights for all people 4) requests of developing nations for modern machines and technology
Take up the White Man’s burden—Send forth the best ye breedGo bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need;To wait, in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.
--Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”134) The phrase “White Man’s burden” in this excerpt refers to the
1) negative attitude of Europeans toward peoples of the non-Western world 2) advantages Europeans would gain by colonizing Africa, Asia, and Latin America 3) positive role of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa and Asia 4) challenges non-Europeans faced when trading with the Europeans
135) Both the French and the British were interested in controlling Egypt in the mid-19th century because Egypt had1) control of the spice trade 2) an industrial-based economy
3) vital mineral resources 4) a strategic location
136) During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to1) provide jobs for the colonists 2) obtain raw materials needed for industrialization
3) impress the colonists with their technological knowledge
4) help missionaries spread Christianity 137) The borders that were established for many African nations during the late 1800’s were based primarily on
1) natural geographic barriers 2) easy access to natural resources
3) territorial claims of colonial rulers 4) cultural differences between ethnic groups
138) An analysis of the Russo-Japanese War and the Boer War shows that one reason nations go to war is to 1) assist oppressed people 2) spread religious beliefs
3) satisfy imperialist goals 4) honor provisions of a treaty
139) Which statement best expresses the motive for 19th-century European imperialism?1) Living space was needed for the excess population in Western Europe. 2) European leaders believed imperialism was an effective method of reducing the number of wars. 3) European nations would benefit from some aspects of the conquered nation’s culture. 4) Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial powers.
World War One140) In 1917, Bolshevik leaders in Russia sought peace with Germany because the new Russian government
1) decided to join forces with Germany and the Central Powers 2) needed to concentrate its troops and resources on its war with Turkey 3) wanted to retain power and avoid German occupation 4) needed to control the Baltic Sea and wanted a warm water port
141) In Eastern Europe after World War I, the greatest obstacle to national unity in many nation-states was the1) great ethnic diversity found in the region 2) economic dependence of Eastern Europe on Japan 3) acceptance of democratic traditions by most Eastern Europeans 4) expansion of United States influence in the region
142) Which statement best describes the relationship between World War I and the Russian Revolution?1) World War I created conditions within Russia that helped trigger a revolution 2) World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring confidence in the Czar 3) the Russian Revolution inspired the Russian people to win World War I
4) World War I gave the Czar’s army the needed experience to suppress the Russian Revolution
143) A major cause of World War I was1) a decline in the policy of imperialism 2) the existence of opposing alliances
3) an increase in acts of aggression by England 4) the spread of communism throughout Europe
144) Why was the Balkan region referred to as the “Powder Keg of Europe” prior to World War I?1) The aggression of the Ottoman Empire was disrupting the balance of power. 2) Yugoslavia was invading its neighboring countries. 3) Nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries were increasing. 4) The area was the leading supplier of military equipment to the rest of the world.
145) The major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was that the treaty led to1) an era of peace and international good will in Germany 2) a stable Germany that was both democratic and strong 3) an increase in Germany’s desire to regain its power and prestige 4) a leadership position for Germany in the League of Nations
146) “Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!”“Germany Declares War on Russia and France!”“Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!”Which event is referred to in these headlines?1) Franco-Prussian War 2) Crimean War
3) World War I 4) Cold War
Russian Revolution147) Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?
1) investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits 2) the role of government in the economy is restricted by law 3) government agencies are involved in production planning 4) entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government
148) Which situation resulted from the Russo-Japanese War of 1905?1) Japan lost its status as a world power 2) the Japanese Emperor encouraged reforms in
Russia
3) dissident groups challenged the power of the Russian Czar
4) Russia gained control of China and Japan 149) Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and his decision to form collectives are examples of
1) strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union through forced communism 2) a more friendly foreign policy toward China 3) methods of dealing with the United States during the Cold War 4) programs to westernize, educate, and enlighten the population
150) A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the1) defeat of Germany in the Russian campaign 2) marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German
princess
3) existence of sharp economic differences between social classes
4) appeal of Marxism to the Russian nobility 151) One action taken by both V.I. Lenin and Joseph Stalin was
1) attempting to bring democracy to Russia 2) jailing or murdering potential opponents 3) supporting the Russian Orthodox Church 4) providing economic aid to Japan after World War I and World War II
152) The term that best describes the position of Jews in Czarist Russia is1) political elite 2) persecuted minority
3) landed gentry 4) military leaders
153) Which characteristic was common to both Russia under the Czars and the Soviet Union under Josef Stalin?1) a lack of concern about territorial expansion 2) support of artistic and literary freedom 3) encouragement of free enterprise 4) persecution of political dissenters
154) Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in 1917 primarily because the Bolsheviks pledged to
1) establish and maintain collective farms 2) redistribute land and make peace
3) keep crop yields low 4) limit the income of the nobility
155) Which statement best describes a relationship between World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution?1) World War I created conditions in Russia that helped trigger a revolution. 2) World War I postponed the revolution in Russia by restoring confidence in the Czar. 3) Opposing Russian forces cooperated to fight the foreign invaders. 4) World War I gave the Czar’s army the needed experience to suppress the revolution.
Between World Wars156) In the 1920’s and 1930’s, the rise of totalitarian governments in Germany, Italy, and Spain was largely the
result of1) the success of the Communists in establishing a command economy in the Soviet Union 2) severe economic and social problems that arose in Europe after World War I 3) the active support of the United States 4) movements demanding the return of the old monarchies
157) The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles after World War I helped lay the foundation for the1) rise of fascism Germany 2) uprisings during the French Revolution
3) division of Korea along the 38th parallel 4) Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
158) Between the Meiji Restoration and World War II, Japan tried to solve the problem of its scarcity of natural resources by1) exporting agricultural products in exchange for
new technology 2) establishing a policy of imperialism
3) building nuclear power plants 4) cooperating with the Soviet Union to gain needed
resources 159) Fascism in Europe during the 1920’s and 1930’s is best described as a
1) demonstration of laissez-faire capitalism that promoted free enterprise 2) form of totalitarianism that glorified the state above the individual 3) type of economic system that stressed a classless society 4) set of humanist ideas that emphasized the dignity and worth of the individual
160) Which policy shows that appeasement does not always prevent war?1) British policy toward Germany in Munich during
the 1930’s 2) French policy in Indochina in the 1950’s
3) United States policy toward Cuba in the early 1960’s
4) Iraqi policy toward Iran in the 1980’s 161) What was one reason the Nazi programs and policies of the early 1930’s appealed to many people in
Germany?1) the people were frustrated with their current economic and political situation 2) Germany had been denied membership in the United Nations 3) a coup d’etat had forced communism on the German people 4) the German people feared that the French of the British would soon gain control of the Polish corridor
162) The imperialist policies followed by Japan after World War I were based on a desire to1) convert people to Shinto 2) acquire markets for its oil industry
3) compete with Chinese trade policies 4) obtain natural resources for manufacturing
163) One reason the Fascist governments of Benito Mussolini and Adolph Hitler came to power in Italy and Germany was that these nations1) were threatened by the United States 2) supported civil liberties for all
3) failed to join the League of Nations 4) faced economic and political difficulties
World War Two164) Which was a characteristic of Germany under Adolph Hitler and the Soviet Union under Josef Stalin?
1) an official foreign policy of isolationism 2) governmental control of the media 3) public ownership of business and industry 4) the absence of a written constitution
165) World War II is often considered to be a turning point in history because1) the League of nations demonstrated that an international organization could maintain world peace 2) the war brought an end to dictatorships as a form of government 3) European domination of the world began to weaken as nationalism in colonies increased 4) religious and ethnic differences were no longer a source of conflict between nations
166) Which reform took place in Japan after World War II?1) Japan’s industrial capability was greatly reduced 2) the Emperor’s position was abolished
3) Japan became a representative democracy 4) labor unions were declared illegal
167) A major factor in the economic recoveries of Japan and West Germany after World War II was their1) desire to avoid an invasion from China 2) acceptance into the United Nations
3) ability to produce nuclear weapons 4) need to replace destroyed factories
168) Which is one major reason the Holocaust is considered a unique event in modern European history?1) Jews of Europe have seldom been victims of persecution. 2) Civilians rarely were killed during air raids on Great Britain. 3) Adolph Hitler concealed his anti-Jewish feelings until after he came to power. 4) The genocide was planned in great detail and required the cooperation of many people.
Cold War169) The economic policies of the Soviet Union traditionally emphasized the production of
1) automobiles for export 2) building materials for luxury housing
3) consumer goods 4) heavy industrial goods
170) Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?1) investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits 2) the role of government in the economy is restricted by law 3) government agencies are involved in production planning 4) entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government
171) One reason the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact was to1) ease the transition to democracy 2) help institute capitalism in Eastern Europe 3) limit the threat of invasion from Western Europe
4) challenge the economic successes of the Common Market
172) Communist governments were established in most nations of Eastern Europe shortly after World War II because1) the region had a long tradition of strong communist parties 2) communist governments were able to significantly increase agricultural productivity 3) the Soviet Union used military and diplomatic pressures to install their governments 4) members of the Communist party won free elections in these nations
173) During the Cold War Era (1945-1990), the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because of1) the peacekeeping role of the United Nations 2) pressure from nonaligned nations 3) the potential for global nuclear destruction 4) increased tensions in the Middle East
“From Stetin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I might call the Soviet Sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence, but to very high, and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow."
-Winston Churchill174) What is the main idea of this quotation?
1) The Soviet Union has expanded its influence throughout Eastern Europe 2) The Soviet Union has helped the nations of Eastern Europe improve their standard of living 3) The democratic nations of Western Europe have stopped the expansion of Soviet influence in the world 4) The Soviet Union will support communist revolutions in Southeast Asia
175) The Soviet Union’s reaction to the 1968 revolt in Czechoslovakia was to1) permit limited political and economic reforms in Czechoslovakia 2) withdraw Soviet troops from Eastern Europe 3) send Soviet troops to occupy Czechoslovakia 4) bring the matter to the attention of the United Nations
176) The expansion of communism into Eastern Europe was a direct result of1) the Crimean war 2) the Napoleonic Wars
3) World War I 4) World War II
177) The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations since 1948 was often considered part of the Cold War primarily because1) the policy of detente evolved from this conflict 2) communist governments were established in many Arab nations 3) the leadership of Joseph Stalin strongly influenced the policies of Saddam Hussein 4) the United States supported Israel and the Soviet Union supported several Arab nations
-Berlin Blockade (1948-1949)-Premier Khrushchev’s visit to the United States (1959)-Cuban missile crisis (1962)-Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)-Joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission (1975)-Russian invasion of Afghanistan (1979)178) What does this list of events suggest about the Cold War Era?
1) throughout the period, the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to solve conflicts 2) the level of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union varied 3) economics played a key role in causing conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union 4) the United Nations was instrumental in reducing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union
179) In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) and Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of Perestroika both sought to1) increase spending of nuclear weapons 2) strengthen central planning
3) increase production through individual enterprise 4) reduce the influence of middle-class farmers
Chinese Communist Revolution180) In the People’s Republic of China, which factor best reflects Marxism?
1) communal work teams on farms 2) ownership of small farms by individuals
3) small family-owned businesses in villages 4) foreign influence on the economy
181) The Great Leap Forward in China and the five-year plans in the Soviet Union were attempts to increase1) private capital investment 2) religious tolerance
3) individual ownership of land 4) industrial productivity
182) A major goal of the Cultural Revolution in China during the 1960’s was to1) restore China to the glory of the Han Dynasty 2) reemphasize Confucian traditional values
3) weaken communist ideas 4) eliminate opposition to Mao Zedong
183) After World War II, the Chinese Communists were successful in their revolution mainly because the1) United States refused to support the Nationalists 2) communists had the support of the peasants
3) communists had more technologically advanced weapons
4) nationalist had been defeated by Japan 184) In China, the Great Leap Forward was an attempt to
1) promote democratic reform 2) end the private ownership of land
3) strengthen economic ties with Europe 4) increase agricultural and industrial production
185) Deng Xioaping’s economic reforms in China differ from the previous economic policies of Mao Zedong in that Deng’s reforms1) discourage private ownership of businesses 2) promote further collectivization 3) include elements of capitalism 4) decrease trade with the United States
186) In China, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution promoted by Mao Zedong were similar in that both plans1) ended dynastic rule 2) disrupted industrial development
3) encouraged capitalism 4) guaranteed human rights
Colonial Independence / Collapse of Imperialism187) Which factor most limited the development of African nationalism?
1) European support of an educational system based on local traditions and language 2) the prior experience of Africans with economic self-sufficiency 3) political boundaries imposed by Europeans that had little relationship to African tribal boundaries 4) the European practice of making decisions based on local customs
188) One way in which Kwame Nkurmah, Jomo Kenyatta, and Kenneth Kaunda are similar is that they all1) supported the United Nations military action in the Persian Gulf War
2) played a major role in independence movements in Africa 3) rejected financial aid from the World Bank 4) opposed the Pan-African movement
189) Which statement best describes the political situation in Africa after World War II?1) increased nationalism led to independence for many African nations 2) France and West Germany sought to establish colonies in Africa 3) European nations increased their control over their African colonies 4) the United Nations opposed the idea of self-determination for African nations
190) Mohandas Gandhi is best known for his1) use of passive resistance to achieve Indian
independence 2) desire to establish and Islamic nations
3) opposition to Hindus holding political office 4) encouragement of violence to end British rule
191) Which action best illustrates Mohandas Gandhi’s concept of civil disobedience?1) a British army outpost was bombed as a protest against the British presence in Northern Ireland 2) citizens in the United States went to jail for violation segregation laws 3) French citizens wrote letters to their government to oppose arms sale to Iraq 4) supporters of Ferdinand Marcos attempted a coup d’etat against the Philippine government
192) Since the 1950’s, India has experienced conflict with both Pakistan and China over1) United Nations peacekeeping efforts in the region 2) India’s increasing trade with Korea
3) borders and related territorial issues 4) the interpretation of common religious works
193) One reason India gained its independence from Great Britain in 1947 was that1) Great Britain was defeated in World War II 2) the Treaty of Versailles required Great Britain to give up its colonies 3) Great Britain did not have the resources to maintain an empire after World War II 4) India had supported the Axis Powers during World War II
194) One similarity between the Sepoys in India, the Boxers in China, and the Mau Mau in Kenya is that these groups1) tried to drive Europeans out of their countries 2) depended on Western support for their success
3) adopted Marxist economic and political principles 4) sought independence through nonviolence
195) With which nation are Pol Pot, the Khmer Rouge, and genocide associated?1) Korea 2) Japan
3) Myanmar (Burma) 4) Cambodia (Kampuchea)
196) In some African nations today, ethnic rivalries erupt when1) political differences are motivated by ancient
resentments 2) trading companies hire nonunion workers
3) scarce funds halt the exploration for mineral resources
4) groups share a common heritage 197) The caste system is still practiced in India today primarily because it is
1) encouraged by village customs and traditions 2) enforced by the military
3) supported by Christian and Muslim teachings 4) mandated by law
198) During the Cold War period, India’s foreign policy was committed to1) supporting communism in Asia 2) rejecting democracy in Pakistan
3) nonalignment with the world powers 4) isolationism in international commerce
Conflict in the Middle East199) The main course of the Arab-Israeli conflicts from 1948 to 1973 was the clash between
1) Islamic Fundamentalism and Orthodox Judaism 2) Arab socialism and Israeli capitalism 3) Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism
4) Israeli technology and Saudi Arabian economic goals
200) In Iran, the Revolution of 1979 and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism resulted in1) an increase in woman’s rights 2) the westernization and modernization of the
nation
3) a return to many traditional customs 4) the introduction of a democratic form of
government 201) During the late 1980’s and early 1990’s the greatest threat to the stability of the nations of Egypt, Algeria,
and Morocco was the1) rising standard of living of their citizens 2) economic reforms taking place in Eastern Europe
3) rise of Islamic Fundamentalism 4) lack of financial aid from the United States
202) In 1979, the signing of the Camp David Accords by Egypt and Israel indicated that1) nationalism was no longer a force in middle Eastern politics 2) the differences between Shiite and Sunni Moslems had been settled 3) former enemies were able to negotiate 4) the Soviet Union dominated Middle Eastern affairs
203) A major factor that continues to contribute to terrorist activities in the Middle East is1) a decrease in crude oil prices on the world
market 2) the Palestinian effort to establish a homeland
3) the presence of United Nations forces in Syria 4) the worldwide rejection of violence as a means to
end conflict 204) The actions of most Islamic fundamentalists show that they support
1) a Zionist movement 2) equal rights for women
3) traditional Muslim teachings 4) a renewed attempt at modernization
Apartheid in South Africa205) In the Republic of South Africa, the primary goal of the African National Congress (ANC) has been to
1) eliminate communist influence 2) rule as the majority political party
3) create a united Africa 4) promote homeland areas for Blacks
206) In the 1980’s, global concern for Blacks in the Republic of South Africa led many nations to1) impose economic sanctions on South Africa 2) demand that Whites return to their European
homelands
3) sent troops to South Africa 4) support policies of Apartheid
207) In which way has the end of apartheid had a positive economic effect on South Africa?1) Black South African managers have increased industrial productivity throughout the nation 2) the introduction of communism has led to a more equal distribution of income 3) many foreign companies have resumed trading and investing in South Africa 4) all profits of South Africa’s industries are now reinvested out of the country
208) Which statement best characterizes the period of apartheid in South Africa?1) the majority of the population had the right to vote 2) the Boers attempted to conquer Nigeria 3) many racist ideas of the ruling minority were adopted into laws 4) French was declared the official language of the nation
209) A major problem currently facing the Republic of South Africa is the1) continuation of attacks from neighboring Zimbabwe 2) move toward the creation of a theocratic state 3) struggle for power between different groups within South Africa’s black majority 4) continued international economic embargo against South Africa
210) Since the end of apartheid in South Africa, what has been one of the major challenges to the current government?1) establishing diplomatic relations with Europe 2) resolving regional and ethnic rivalries
3) guaranteeing religious freedom for all groups 4) improving transportation throughout the country
211) Collapse of Communism212) During the presidency of Mikhail Gorbachev, which problem faced the Soviet Union?
1) ethnic minorities demanded the right of self-determination 2) agricultural production grew faster than food consumption 3) the nations of Eastern Europe insisted that the Soviet Union keep troops in Eastern Europe 4) Western European nations refused to trade with the Soviet Union
213) During the 1980’s, Mikhail Gorbachev introduced Perestroika in the Soviet Union to1) improve the economy and decentralize decision making 2) abandon arms treaties with the United States and Western Europe 3) tighten government controls over the communication media 4) suppress the growing nationalist movements in Eastern Europe
214) The revolt in Hungary (1956), the demonstrations in Czechoslovakia (1968), and the formation of solidarity in Poland (1980’s) are similar in that they1) were movements in restore the power of the aristocracy 2) were tolerated by the communist leaders, who accepted the need for change 3) represented a challenge to communist leadership 4) represented attempts to rid these countries of western ideas and influence
215) One result of the collapse of the Soviet Union has been that1) some former republics have reorganized the Warsaw Pact 2) ethnic violence has broken out in some regions 3) an era of peace and stability has emerged in most of the former republics 4) the republics have made an east transition to a market economy
“The Soviet Union Splits into 15 Republics”“Yugoslavia Experiences Internal Conflict”“Germany Reunifies”216) Which conclusion do these three headlines suggest?
1) communism remains an important force in Europe 2) many Western European nations are experiencing civil war 3) international sanctions strengthen a nation’s ability to govern 4) the forces of nationalism can either divide of unite a nation
217) Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the major problems in Eastern Europe and Russia have primarily resulted from the1) high rate of illiteracy found in most of these nations 2) refusal of government leaders to allow foreign investments 3) switch from a command economy to a free-market economy 4) unwillingness of the industrialized nations to provide advisors
218) The destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is symbolic of the1) end of the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe 2) declining power of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
3) fall of the Weimar Republic 4) collapse of the European Union
Political Unrest in Latin America219) In many Latin American nations, the leadership roles assumed by the military and by the Roman Catholic
Church evolved from1) Native American beliefs 2) the development of the triangular trade 3) the effects of matriarchal societies 4) Spanish colonial rule
220) During the last ten years, what has occurred in many of the nations of Latin America?1) successful communist revolutions 2) an increase in the number of popularly elected
leaders
3) a growing dependence on Cuba for economic support
4) a return to their former colonial status 221) Brazil’s establishment of an equal partnership with foreign investors and Venezuela’s control of its highly
profitable oil industry are examples of1) Neocolonialism 2) new imperialism
3) economic nationalism 4) Fascism
222) At the present time, which is a major economic problem for many Latin American governments?1) increased settlement in rural areas 2) low rates of inflation
3) inability to pay foreign debts 4) lack of a chief executive
223) A major problem facing many Central American nations is that their nation’s wealth is1) generally invested in consumer industries
2) controlled by a small group of landed elite 3) distributed throughout the large middle class 4) held mainly by government agencies
224) In Latin America during the 1960’s and 1970’s, which group became increasingly active in promoting human rights?1) wealthy landholders 2) Roman Catholic clergy
3) successful industrialists 4) military leaders
Post-Cold War “Hot Spots”225) Recent events in the former nations of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia reflect a nationalist trend of
1) dividing nations along ethnic lines 2) encouraging multiethnic cooperation 3) uniting nations with similar interests
4) supporting the development of a command economy
226) Disputes over India’s control of Kashmir, Jammu, and Punjab are examples of the continuing problem of1) territorial claims based on religion 2) Chinese claims to this region
3) terrorist actions by Serbian refugees 4) the policy of nonalignment 227) One reason North Korea has been the focus of worldwide attention in the mid-1990’s is because of its
1) nuclear weapons development programs 2) commitment to increasing political freedoms
3) development of a strong and expanding economy 4) efforts to revive communism in Eastern Europe
228) Since the end of the Cold War, Cuba has experienced1) the loss of a major source of its foreign financial
support 2) increased economic growth from expanded trade
3) expanded political influence in Latin American affairs
4) greater independence from Communist China Global Interdependence
229) In France, a person drinks coffee imported from Brazil, works at a computer made in Japan, and uses gasoline from Saudi Arabia in a German automobile. This situation illustrates the concept of1) empathy 2) scarcity
3) interdependence 4) world citizenship
230) Global problems of uneven economic development, environmental pollution, and hunger reflect the need for1) a return to policies of economic nationalism 2) increased military spending by all nations
3) a reduction in foreign aid provided by industrialized nations
4) increased international cooperation 231) In recent years, a major success of the European Union (EU) has been the
1) creation of a single military force 2) rejection of national sovereignty
3) adoption of a single language 4) elimination of trade barriers
232) The major reason the Mexican Government strongly supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that this agreement would1) raise tariffs on United States products entering Mexico 2) reduce Mexico’s economic dependence on Europe 3) promote investment and economic growth in Mexico 4) stimulate trade between Asia and Latin America
233) Modern Japan must trade to maintain its industry and living standard because Japan has1) a limited amount of investment capital 2) little access to the sea
3) a lack of communication systems 4) few mineral resources
234) The principal aim of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union is to1) keep communism out of the Western Hemisphere 2) reduce environmental pollution 3) increase economic cooperation between the member nations 4) eliminate global terrorism
Modern Issues: Economic Trends235) In many Latin American nations, reliance on the production of a single cash crop has led to
1) economic dependence on other nations 2) rapid repayment of foreign loans
3) a high per capita Gross National Product 4) development of a strong industrial economy
236) Which fact about China has been the cause of the other three?1) the economy of China has trouble providing for all the needs of the people 2) the Chinese government has set limits on the number of children families may have 3) Chinese cities have a severe shortage of housing 4) China’s population exceeds one billion
237) Which conclusion is valid concerning the food shortages some nations of Africa and Asia during the 1970’s and 1980’s?1) misuse of the land has destroyed many rich food-producing
regions 2) too few people in Africa and Asia are involved in food
production 3) acid rain has been the major cause of crop failures 4) European nations stopped shipping food to these regions
238) The main idea of this cartoon is that Japan1) practices free trade 2) restricts foreign imports
3) has a policy of balanced trade 4) imports most of its ships
Modern Issues: Science & Technology239) In Mexico and India, the Green Revolution has been successful because it has
1) promoted democratic reform 2) increased agricultural productivity 3) introduced western culture and values 4) established economic equality among the people
240) The major goal of the Green Revolution has been to1) decrease the use of modern farm machinery 2) decrease population growth
3) increase agricultural output 4) increase the number of traditional farms
Modern Issues: The Environment241) A major environmental problem affecting Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia has been
1) air pollution 2) Deforestation
3) disposal of nuclear waste 4) acid rain
242) Many scientist believe that the greenhouse effect is the result of1) overgrazing on land in developing nations 2) using large amounts of gasoline, oil, and coal in developed nations 3) testing nuclear weapons in violation of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 4) using natural fertilizers to increase crop production
243) A major factor contributing to the destruction of the Amazon rain forests is the1) movement of people from rural to urban areas 2) attempt of native peoples to end illegal drug
traffic
3) need for more farmland 4) spread of Christianity
Modern Issues: Human & Women's Rights What harms the victim most is not the cruelty of the oppressor, but the silence of the bystander.
-Elie Wiesel244) In this quotation, the author is suggesting that
1) totalitarian governments generally support civil liberties 2) nations of the world must always condemn human rights violations whenever they occur 3) ethnic cleansing is not an issue to be addressed by the United Nations 4) demonstrations against human rights violations are of limited value United States Adopts Economic Sanctions Against South Africa Chinese Dissidents Imprisoned After Student Protest Kurds Forced To Flee Northern Iraq
245) These headlines are similar in that each refers to the issue of1) imperialist expansion 2) peasant revolts 3) human rights violation 4) isolationist policies
246) The Tiananmen Square massacre in China was a reaction to1) Deng Xiaoping?s plan to revive the Cultural Revolution 2) student demands for greater individual rights and freedom of expression 3) China’s decision to seek Western investors 4) Great Britain’s decision to return Hong Kong to China
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187) _____188) _____189) _____190) _____191) _____192) _____193) _____194) _____195) _____196) _____197) _____198) _____199) _____200) _____201) _____202) _____
203) _____204) _____205) _____206) _____207) _____208) _____209) _____210) _____211) _____212) _____213) _____214) _____215) _____216) _____217) _____218) _____
219) _____220) _____221) _____222) _____223) _____224) _____225) _____226) _____227) _____228) _____229) _____230) _____231) _____232) _____233) _____234) _____
235) _____236) _____237) _____238) _____239) _____240) _____241) _____242) _____243) _____244) _____245) _____246) _____247) _____248) _____249) _____250) _____