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APEH Name:_______________________________________D-Day ReviewPoints Possible: 300 pts per section 1-3
APEH Comprehensive Review Study Guide – Part 1
*Directions:1. Using your Comprehensive Review Packet, go through each section of the materials and
review all the materials2. Under the headings on this study guide, write 2 or more items of bulleted information
that will serve as a visual reminder of what you have reviewed or learned3. For sections that you already know well, you may write only sparse information4. For sections that you need to review more thoroughly or did not already know about,
write additional details provided in the packet5. Anywhere you see “additional details,” be sure to provide those, since those are
suggested areas of emphasis about which the AP exam tends to have essays topics6. Fill in open parentheses ( ) with dates, and add your own when needed7. Turn this in for a completion grade after our pre-invasion breakfast on May 14 (D-Day)
Part 1 (FRQs/Background – 18th Century Expansion, pp. 4-50)
2011 FRQ Study Guide (most frequently asked questions in the past 10 years):o Which kinds of questions do you feel most prepared to answer with specific
examples and backing source materials?
o Which kinds of questions do you feel least prepared to answer with specific examples and backing source materials?
Periods & Dates in European Historyo Which periods do you feel most comfortable in your knowledge of these
events/time periods?
o Which periods do you feel least comfortable in your knowledge of these events/time periods?
Contrasting the Renaissance and Later Middle Ages:
The Renaissance
Politics among the Italian City-States
Humanism
Renaissance Art
Northern Renaissanceo Christian Humanism
o Northern Renaissance Art
Women and the Renaissance (additional details)
New Monarchso Background
o France
o England
o Spain
o Habsburg Empire (Holy Roman Empire)
Commercial Revolution
Age of Exploration and Conquest (“Old Imperialism”)o Causes
o Portuguese exploration
o Spain
o Spanish Empire
o “Old Imperialism” in Africa and Asia
o Slave Trade
o Columbian Exchange
Protestant Reformationo Causes
o Martin Luther
o Conflict over Lutheranism
o Spread of Protestantism
o Calvinism and its spread
o Reformation in England
o Church of England Edward VI
Mary Tudor
Elizabeth I
Mary Queen of Scots
o Impact of Reformation on Women (additional details)
Contrasting Protestant and Catholic Doctrine
Catholic Counter Reformationo SAINT PAUL
o Council of Trent
o Baroque Art
o Results of the Reformation
Religious Wars ( )o “30 FEDS”
o Catholic Crusade under Philip II
o French Civil Wars
o Henry IV (of Navarre)
o Thirty Years’ War ( )
o Treaty of Westphalia ( )
o EF-CHIP
o Reformation Results in Germany
o English Civil War James I
Charles I
English Civil War (Puritan Revolution; Great Rebellion) ( )
Interregnum ( )
The Restoration ( )
Absolutism in Western Europe ( )o Absolutism
o French Absolutism Henry IV
Louis XIII
o Louis XIV (additional details)
o Mercantilism (additional details)
o Wars of Louis XIV
o Decline of the Spanish Empire
The Baroque (additional details)
The Dutch Style
Rococo
Constitutionalism in Western Europeo Definition
o Petition of Right ( )
o English Civil War, Interregnum and Restoration
o Glorious Revolution ( ) (additional details)
o Cabinet System
o United Provinces of the Netherlands
o Sweden Absolutism in Eastern Europe
o HOP vs. RAP
o Austrian Empire
o Prussia: House of Hohenzollern
o Russia/Muscovy
Ivan IV, “Ivan the Terrible”
Peter the Great
Scientific Revolution: 16th and 17th Centurieso 16th Century Scientists/Contributions
o 17th Century Scientists/Contributions
o Scientific Revolution Impact
o Memory Device for Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenmento Background
o John Locke
o The French Philosophes
o Economic Theory
o Women in the Enlightenment
o Later Enlightenment
o Classical Liberalism
o Significance of the Enlightenment: Leads to…
Enlightened Despotismo Overview
o Frederick the Great
o Catherine II of Russia (“the Great”)
o Austria Maria Theresa
Joseph II
o France Louis XV
Louis XVI
Economic Expansion in the 18th Centuryo Background/Open Field System
o Agricultural Revolution
o Enclosure Movement
o Impact
o Population Explosion after 1750
o Cottage Industry
Atlantic Economy in the 17th and 18th Centurieso Characteristics
o British Empire
o Decline of Dutch Republic in Atlantic Trade
o Colonial Wars: Britain vs. France
o Changing Society in the 18th Century
o American Revolution (!)
APEH Name:_______________________________________D-Day ReviewPoints Possible: 300 pts per section 1-3
APEH Comprehensive Review Study Guide – Part 2
Part 2 (French Revolution – World War I, pp. 51-99)
The “Age of Montesquieu”
( )
The “Age of Rousseau”
( )
The “Age of Voltaire”
( )
Long term causes
Short term causes
National Assembly ( ) – “Age of Montesquieu”
Legislative Assembly ( )
National Convention ( ) – “Age of Rousseau”
Thermidorian Reaction ( )
The Directory ( )
French Social Classes in the Revolution & Empire: 1799-1815 (study these)
Napoleonic Era ( ) – “Age of Voltaire”
Empire Period ( )
Congress of Vienna ( )
Balance of Power: 1689-1815 (2nd Hundred Years’ War)
Industrial Revolutiono Roots of the Industrial Revolution
o Proto-industrialization (cottage industry)
o Reasons favorable to England
o Transportation Revolution
o Continental Europe Industrializes after 1815
o Social Implications from Industrial Revolution
o Working class injustices, gender exploitation, standard of living issues
19th Century Politics: 1815-1848
The “Age of Metternich”(1815-1848)
The “Age of Realpolitik”(1848-1871)
The “Age of Mass Politics”(1871-1914)
Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
Concert of Europe
Conservatism
Post-war conservative repression ( )
France: King Louis XVIII
Russia: Decemberist Uprising, 1825
Liberalismo Definition:
o Classical Liberalism
o Liberalism in Economics
Utilitarianism
Nationalism
National revolutionary movements: 1815-1829
Revolutions of 1830o France: July Revolution (1830)
o Italy (1831-1832)
o Germany (1830-1833)
o Prussia
o Belgium
o Poland Reform in England
Labor Reform
Revolutions of 1848
Franceo “February Revolution”
o “June Days” Revolution
o Election of 1848
o Italy
o Austria
o German States
o Frankfurt Parliament
Socialism
o Early French Socialists
o Scientific Socialism or Marxism
Romanticism ( )
Romanticism Enlightenment
o Forerunners of romanticism
o Romantic Poetry
o Romantic Literature
o Romantic Art
o Music
Urbanization in the Late 19th Centuryo Second Industrial Revolution: last half of 19th Century
Urbanization
o Public Health Movement
o Urban planning & public transportation
o Changes in social structure as a result of industrial revolution
Life at the fin-de-siecle (end of the century)o “Belle Epoque”
The Bacterial Revolution
Charles Darwin
Sigmund Freud
The New Physics
Realism
Impressionism
Post-Impressionism
THE AGE OF REALPOLITIK ( )o Characteristics
o Crimean War ( )
o Second French Republic
o The Second Empire (or Liberal Empire)
o Italian Unification Count Cavour
Giuseppe Garibaldi
o German Unification
Otto von Bismarck
Bismarck’s Wars of Unification
o Austro-Hungarian Empire: Ausgleich (1867)
THE AGE OF MASS POLITICS ( )
o The German Empire ( ) Kaiser Wilhelm I
Bismarck as Chancellor
Wilhelm II
o Third French Republic
Dreyfus Affair
o Great Britain
Reforms under Prime Minister Gladstone
Reform groups in the 1880s and 1890s seeking extension of Democracy
o Women’s Suffrage Movement in England
o The Irish Question
o Austria-Hungary
o The “Eastern-Question” Pan-Slavism
Congress of Berlin ( )
o Socialist Movements
Revisionism
Socialist impact on politics in late-19th and early-20th centuries
o Russia Alexander II
Emancipation Act ( )
Industrialization of Russia
Critics of Alexander II late in his reign
o Alexander III
o Nicholas II Russo-Japanese War ( )
Revolution of 1905
19th Century Political Study Guide (By Periods), pp. 86-91 o STUDY THESE TABLES! THEY ARE INCREDIBLY USEFUL!
IMPERIALISM
o Definition
o “Old Imperialism”
China
Egypt
New Imperialism began in the 1870so Major causes
Scramble for Africa (details by country)
New Imperialism in Asia
o Responses to Western Imperialism of Asia
Japan
WORLD WAR I Long-term causes
o Rival Alliances
o Anglo-German Arms Race
o Imperialism and increased tensions
o Nationalism created a “powder keg” in the Balkans
Immediate causes of World War I
Two opposing alliances
Eastern Front
“Total War”
Diplomacy during the War
End of War ( )
Paris Peace Conference, 1919o Big Four
o Versailles Treaty, 1919
Results of WWI
RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONo Nicholas II
o Birth of Socialism in Russia
Mensheviks
Bolsheviks
February Revolution (additional details)
October Revolution (additional details)
Russian Civil Waro Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. “Whites” (counter-revolutionaries)
o “War communism”
APEH Name:_______________________________________D-Day ReviewPoints Possible: 300 pts per section 1-3
APEH Comprehensive Review Study Guide – Part 3
Part 3 (Age of Anxiety – Russia in Review, pp. 100-151)
AGE OF ANXIETY ( )
Modern Philosophyo Critics of pre-war world who anticipated many of the post-war ideas
o Post-war thinkers who expanded on earlier pessimism
o Existentialism
o “New Physics”
THE ARTS o Functionalism in Architecture
o Painting
o Music
o Movies
o Radio
DEMOCRATIC POLITICS IN THE 1920s Germany: Weimar Republic
o John Maynard Keynes
o Problems facing the Weimar Republic
o The Road to recovery in Weimar Germany
France
Great Britain
The Great Depression ( )
TOTALITARIANISM (additional details necessary throughout this section, since it is so frequently covered on the AP exam)
o Definition/Characteristics
Russia under Vladimir I. Lenin
NEP – New Economic Policy ( )
o Power struggle after Lenin’s death in 1924
USSR under Stalino The 5-year plans
o Women
o Great Terror ( )
Fascist Italyo Causes for rise of fascism
o Benito Mussolini
o Corporate State (syndicalist-corporate system)
o Reasons why Mussolini’s Fascist Italy never became truly totalitarian/all powerful
o Women
o Fascist accomplishments
o Fascist failures
NAZI GERMANYo Roots of Nazism
o Adolf Hitler
o Fall of the Weimar Republic
Third Reich ( )o Hitler consolidates power
o Persecution of Jews
o German economic recovery
Nazi society: was there really a social revolution?
WORLD WAR II Failure of collective security
Road to World War IIo Anschluss
o Sudetenland
o German invasion of Czechoslovakia
o Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
o Germany invades Poland
Highlights of World War IIo Blitzkrieg
o Fall of France
o Battle of Britain
o Tripartite Act, 1940
o German Invasion of Soviet Union
o Atlantic Charter
o The Grand Alliance
o Turning Points in the war
Diplomacy during the war (additional details)o Yalta Conference, 1945
o Potsdam Conference, July 1945
o Results of the War
COLD WAR AND RECOVERY: 1945-1968 Roots of the Cold War
o Yalta Conference, 1945
o Potsdam Conference, 1945
U.S. point of view
Soviet Union point of view
Partition of Germany
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Berlin Crisis ( )
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
o Soviet Response?
Eastern Bloc
Czechoslovakia
USSR under Nikita Khrushchev ( )
o De-Stalinization
o Gosplan
o Anti-Soviet Ferment
o Results of De-Stalinization (1956) Poland
Hungarian Uprising
Cold War in the 1950so China
o Korean War ( )
o Warsaw Pact
“peaceful coexistence”
o Geneva Summit, 1955
o Sputnik, 1957
Cold War in 1960so U-2 incident
o Berlin Wall built in 1961
o Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
o Fall of Khrushchev, 1964
Soviet Union and Cold War under Leonid Brezhnev ( )
o “Prague Spring” and the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968
Alexander Dubcek
Brezhnev Doctrine
o Ostpolitik Willy Brandt
o Détente
SALT I
Helsinki Conference, 1975
End of Détente
o “Solidarity” in Poland
Cold War in the 1980so Atlantic Alliance
o Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) – “Star Wars”
End of the Cold War (additional details)o Mikhail Gorbachev
Perestroika
Glasnost
Reduction of East-West tensions
Revolutions of 1989
o Poland
o Hungary
o Germany: Berlin Wall
o Bulgaria
o Czechoslovakia
o Romania
Fall of the Soviet Union (additional details)o Long term causes
o Coup in Moscow, 1991
NATIONALISM SINCE WORLD WAR II Decolonization
o Asia
o India
o Vietnam
o Arab Nationalism
Africao Egypt
o Algerian Crisis (mid-1950s)
o Sub-Saharan Africa
British Commonwealth of Nations
Civil War in Yugoslaviao Cause
o Ethnic cleansing
o Kosovo Crisis, 1999
Nationalism in Western Europe
o Terrorist organizations
Xenophobia
THE ECONOMIC MIRACLE (post WWII)o Political restructuring
o Causes
o Creation of the “Welfare State”
EUROPEAN UNITYo Council of Europe
o Schuman Plan, 1950
European Economic Community (EEC)o Treaty of Rome, 1957
o European Union (EU)
o Maastricht Treaty, 1991
Economic Crises of the 1970so 1973, OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
o “Stagflation”
SOCIETY AFTER WORLD WAR II Change in class structure and social reform
o Consumerism
The youth movement and Countercultureo Counter-Culture
Student Revolts in the late 1960so Causes
o French student revolt, 1968
Women’s Issues (additional details)
Women’s Rights Movemento Simone de Beauvoir
o Betty Friedan
**DONE WITH THE OBJECTIVE CONTENT!**
Now study pages 125-150 to get additional information that could be useful for FRQ topics!
(An essay topic on either women’s history or Russia is quite likely, so know these sections like crazy!)