Name ______________________________ Date ________________ Period __________

Take Home Test :Evolution, Classification, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Animal Behavior and Ecology

1. In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because ofa. mutations.b. chance.c. natural selection.d. genetic equilibrium.

2. Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Earth before the oceans formed?

a. volcanic activityb. bombardment by comets and asteroidsc. an atmosphere of poisonous gasesd. an atmosphere containing oxygen gas

3. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved isa. natural selection.b. artificial selection.c. artificial variation.d. survival of the fittest.

4. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

a. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.b. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.c. the greatest number of offspring.d. adaptations best suited to the environment.

5. Lamarck’s theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in a species appear as a result of

a. continual increases in population size.b. the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.c. an unchanging local environment.d. the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.

7. What situation might develop in a population having some plants whose flowers open at midday and other plants whose flowers open late in the day?

a. behavioral isolationb. geographic isolationc. temporal isolationd. genetic drift

8. The situation in which allele frequencies of a population remain constant is calleda. evolution.b. genetic drift.c. genetic equilibrium.

d. natural selection.

9. The genetic equilibrium of a population can be disturbed by a. movement into and out of the population.b. a small population size.c. mutations.d. all of the above

10. Which statement is in agreement with Darwin’s theory of evolution?a. More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.b. The organisms that are the fittest are always the largest and strongest.c. The number of offspring is not related to fitness.d. Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.

11. Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests thata. species change over time.b. extinct species are not related to living species.c. different species can interbreed.d. animals that look alike are the most closely related.

12. Sharks, dolphins, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and appendages that enable them to move through water. These similarities are the result of

a. coevolution.b. convergent evolution.c. asexual reproduction.d. adaptive radiation.

13. A change in a sequence of DNA is called aa. recombination.b. polygenic trait.c. single-gene trait.d. mutation.

14. Why did the development of sexual reproduction speed up the process of evolution?

a. Sexual reproduction occurs more rapidly than asexual reproduction.b. The offspring of sexual reproduction are identical to their parents.c. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variety.d. Sexual reproduction limits genetic variety.

15. The process by which two species, for example, a flower and a pollinating insect, evolve in response to each other is called

a. convergent evolution.b. adaptive radiation.c. coevolution.d. punctuated equilibrium.

16. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of

a. the needs of the organisms.b. a common ancestor.c. the struggle for existence.d. the inheritance of acquired traits.

17. A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone

a. adaptive radiation.b. coevolution.c. punctuated equilibrium.d. mass extinction.

18. When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is

a. not predictable.b. disruptive selection.c. directional selection.d. stabilizing selection.

19. The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is called its

a. diversity.b. fitness.c. adaptation.d. evolution.

20. The first organisms on Earth were most like today’sa. bacteria.b. eukaryotes.c. multicellular organisms.d. DNA molecules.

21. Which of the following is NOT a way in which natural selection affects the distribution of phenotypes?

a. directional selectionb. stabilizing selectionc. disruptive selectiond. chance events

22. Lamarck proposed that organismsa. have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection.b. have an innate tendency to become more simple as time passes.c. inherit all of the adaptations they display.d. belong to species that never change.

23. The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called

a. temporal isolation.b. geographic isolation.c. behavioral isolation.d. genetic equilibrium.

24. A factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species isa. reproduction at different times.b. geographic barriers.c. different mating behaviors.d. reproductive isolation.

25. When individuals at only one end of a bell-shaped curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is

a. directional selection.b. stabilizing selection.c. disruptive selection.d. genetic drift.

26. One necessary condition for the evolution of the first life on Earth wasa. the presence of DNA.b. abundant oxygen in the atmosphere.c. the presence of photosynthetic organisms.d. the presence of liquid water.

27. Gene shuffling includes the independent movement of chromosomes during meiosis as well as

a. mutations from radiation.b. changes in the frequencies of alleles.c. crossing-over.d. mutations from chemicals.

28. The two main sources of genetic variation area. genotypes and phenotypes.b. gene shuffling and mutations.c. single-gene traits and polygenic traits.d. directional selection and disruptive selection.

29. The Galápagos finch species are an excellent example ofa. speciation.b. genetic equilibrium.c. stabilizing selection.d. selection on single-gene traits.

30. In humans, the pelvis and the femur, or thighbone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are no longer used; therefore they are known as

a. fossils.c. acquired traits.b. vestigial structures.d. examples of natural variation.

31. The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called

a. the Hardy-Weinberg principle.b. the founder effect.c. directional selection.d. stabilizing selection.

32. When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?

a. acquired characteristicsb. reproductive isolationc. survival of the fittestd. descent with modification

33. On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observeda. completely unrelated species on each of the islands.b. species exactly like those found in South America.c. somewhat similar species with traits that suited their particular

environment.d. species completely unrelated to those found in South America.

34. In many kinds of organisms, most heritable differences are due toa. mutations during gamete formation.b. chemicals in the environment.c. gene shuffling during gamete formation.d. the effects of radiation.

35. Which of these is the best to determine evolutionary relationships? a. Embryologyb. Fossil Evidencec. DNA Analysis d. Homologous Structures

37. A group of closely related species is a(an) a. class.b. genus.c. family.d. order.

38. Which of the following lists the terms in order from the group with the most species to the group with the least?

a. order, phylum, family, genusb. family, genus, order, phylumc. phylum, class, order, familyd. genus, family, order, phylum

39. Organisms whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan belong in the kingdom a. Fungi.b. Eubacteria.c. Plantae.d. Archaebacteria.

40. Multicellular organisms with no cell walls or chloroplasts are members of the kingdom

a. Animalia.b. Protista.c. Plantae.d. Fungi.

41. When an animal goes into a slowed state of metabolism and activity due to cold climate and low food supply it is called _________________________.

a. estivationb. hibernationc. irritationd. excretion

42. When an animal goes into a slowed state of metabolism and activity due to very hot conditions it is called _________________________.

a. estivationb. hibernationc. irritationd. excretion

43. Which of the following is an innate behavior? a. learning to open a jarb. relating the sound of a bell with food because the two are presented

togetherc. a moth is attracted to a light source at nightd. a monkey learns to push a lever in its cage in order to receive a food

reward

44. Which of the following is an example of a courtship ritual? a. a male wolf growls and shows his teeth as a dog approachesb. a male blue jay sings a song repeatedly in the presence of females of the

same speciesc. a female cat attacks any animal that comes near her offspringd. a duckling follows the mother duck everywhere she goes in the barnyard

45. Which of the following is an example of a gymnosperm (also known as a conifer)?

a. mossb. ferns c. apple treesd. pine trees

46. Which of the following is an example of an angiosperm?a. mossb. ferns c. apple treesd. pine trees

47. Which of the following is an example of a bryophyte?a. mossb. ferns c. apple treesd. pine trees

48. Plants contain several structures that make them well adapted to the lives they lead. Which structure below is an adaptation for capturing sunlight?

a. leavesb. rootsc. xylem and phloemd. a waxy coating and guard cells

49. Which structure below is an adaptation designed to help the plant obtain water? a. leavesb. rootsc. xylem and phloemd. a waxy coating and guard cells

50. Which structure below is an adaptation designed to help the plant avoid water loss from leaf surfaces?

a. leavesb. rootsc. xylem and phloemd. a waxy outer coating and guard cells

51. How are the reactions of photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration related?

a. They both require carbon dioxide as a reactant b. The products of one reaction are the reactants in the other reactionc. They both make large amounts of ATP (energy) as a byproductd. They both make large amounts of glucose as a product

52. Which of the following organisms do not use glycolysis? a. animalsb. bacteria c. plantsd. none of the above

53. What is the most important product of photosynthesis? a. ATPb. Waterc. Glucosed. Oxygen

54. What is the most important product of cellular respiration? a. ATPb. Waterc. Glucosed. Oxygen

55. What organisms do not use ATP as an energy source? a. animalsb. bacteria c. plantsd. none of the above

56. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?a. sunlightb. temperaturec. pHd. all of the abovee. none of the above

57. Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor?a. sunlightb. temperaturec. pHd. all of the abovee. none of the above

58. Which type of growth pattern is seen mostly in laboratory conditions and is characterized by no disease, unlimited food supply, and optimal (the best) conditions for the organism’s growth?

a. a Logistic Growth Curve (S-Shaped Curve)b. an Exponential Growth Curve (J-Shaped Curve)c. a Stable Growth Patternd. a Fluctuating Growth Pattern

59. Which of the following are conditions describe the Tundra?a. cold, dry, small flowering seasonal vegetation, and soil containing a

permafrost layerb. warm, humid, large amounts of rainfall, heavy vegetation, and nutrient

poor soil c. hot and cold extremes, very dry, little vegetation, sandy soil d. experiences all seasons, deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter,

moderate rainfall, rich soil

60. Which of the following are conditions describe Tropical Rain Forests?a. cold, dry, small flowering seasonal vegetation, and soil containing a

permafrost layerb. warm, humid, large amounts of rainfall, heavy vegetation, and nutrient

poor soil c. hot and cold extremes, very dry, little vegetation, sandy soil d. experiences all seasons, deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter,

moderate rainfall, rich soil

61. What are the causes of Global Warming?a. Holes in the Ozone Layerb. Overuse of Pesticidesc. Burning Fossil Fuelsd. Exposure to UV rays

For the following questions choose one or more of the following letter choices to answer each question below. You can use the letters more than once.

A) Animalia B) Plantae C) Protista

D) Fungi E) Eubacteria F) Archaebacteria

62. Which kingdom contains only autotrophs?

63. Which TWO kingdoms only contain heterotrophs?

64. Which TWO kingdoms contain prokaryotes?

65. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?

66. Which kingdoms belong to domain Eukarya?

67. Which is thought to be the most ancient Kingdom (the first to evolve on Earth)?

Short Answer Questions68. Why was this experimental setup by Miller and Urey important to the theory of

evolution? What were the scientists trying to show?

70. Linnaeus developed a classification system with 7 levels. List the seven levels in order from the most broad (biggest) to the most specific (smallest).

71. What do plants require (these things are called reactants) for the process of photosynthesis to take place?

72. What are the two things that are made in photosynthesis (these things are called products)? Which is the most important?

73. Now, write the equation for cellular respiration. Write what each chemical formula means underneath (for ex. CO2 = Carbon Dioxide). Explain what it means to say carbon is “recycled” between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Use the Dichotomous key below and the fin placement diagram for the next two questions.

Characteristics1a Barbels (whiskers) are seen near the mouth. Go to 2.1b No barbels are seen. Go to 3.2a Adipose fin is between the dorsal and caudal fins.

Channel Catfish

2b No adipose fin is seen. Common Carp3a The dorsal fin is single and the same texture. Go to 4.3b Two (2) or more dorsal fins are seen or may look connected with 2 different textures (spiny v/s soft).

Go to 5.

4a The dorsal fin is continuous along the body and the body is snake-like.

American Eel

4b The dorsal fin is triangular and the body is not snake-like.

American Shad

5a Mouth hinge is underneath the eye. Go to 6.5b Mouth hinge is the anterior side (in front) of the eye.

Go to 7.

6a The head gently slopes, and the caudal fin is forked.

Walleye

6b The head has a slight bump and the dorsal fin begins farther back.

Largemouth Bass

7a The dorsal fin has about 5 spines. There is a colored band along the ventral side of the fish.

White Crappie

7b The dorsal fin has about 10 spines. The body is rounded in shape.

Blue Gill

Fin Placement Examples for Dichotomous Key

74. Use the key above to identify the Fish below. The Fish is ______________________

75. Use the key above to identify the Fish below. The Fish is ______________________

76. What are some negative impacts of global warming?

77. What is the Greenhouse Effect? Is it helpful or harmful? How is it different than Global Warming?

78. A bird and a crocodile live in close association with each other. The crocodile opens his mouth and the bird cleans the food particles from his mouth and teeth. The crocodile gets his daily dental hygiene and the bird is provided with food. What type of relationship is this an example of?