urban political structures not neutral examples: ◦ ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Urban political structures not neutral Examples:
◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation”
◦ Metropolitan governments opposed by African-American leaders
◦ Bussing in school districts opposed by ethnics and suburban whites
![Page 4: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
◦ Zoning regulations
often used to exclude poor
![Page 5: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
First Theme◦ Participants in the political process anticipate that
major changes in: governmental structures, boundaries, decision making processes
◦ Produce policy changes that would be for or against their interests
![Page 6: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Second Theme◦ Most important urban political issues now involve
more than the central cities suburbs & the exurbs metropolitan-level structures of government federal government
◦ Contemporary politics of the central city and the entire metropolitan region are intertwined, not separate
![Page 7: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Third Theme◦ Key issues at stake involved changes in either
channels through which citizens would have political access to key decision matters
◦ Or direct social access to important amenities of urban life
◦ Examples: quality education housing transportation
![Page 8: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fourth Theme ◦ Federal government has become a key participant
in urban and metropolitan politics ◦ Washington influences decisions on housing,
education and intra-urban transportation◦ Above issues previously were viewed as
exclusively local prerogatives
![Page 9: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Abrupt change imposed from above (the national level)◦ Change in rules of the game – as opposed to
change in government ◦ Fidel Castro’s abolition of the mayor-council system
(modeled on the US.) of government for Havana ◦ Reorganization in Buenos Aires following the
constitutional reform of 1994 ◦ Creation of the Metropolitan District in Caracas
upon adoption of a new constitution (1999)
![Page 10: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Incrementalism has predominated ◦ Three historical periods of urban/metropolitan
politics Age of political machines Progressive movement Period of the dependent city
![Page 11: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-69): bringing the federal government in (Great Society)
Ronald W. Reagan (1981-89) distancing the federal government from the cities
![Page 12: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Other Regular Subdivisions◦Town/Township◦School District
![Page 15: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Special District◦ Tri-State
Port Authority
◦ Services Metropolitan New York (N.Y.; N. New Jersey; W. Connecticut)
![Page 16: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Political Power: the ability to influence public decisions
Critical Dimensions of political power ◦ Context of Power◦ Structure of Power
Public Power and Private power
![Page 17: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Quaker Philadelphia & Puritan Boston ◦ Priority on
individual and private sector
◦ Priority to the leadership in the public sector
Sam Warner: The Private City (Philadelphia
![Page 18: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Priority to private sector following the Civil War ◦ Wealth increasingly concentrated in 1890’s◦ Wilson administration (1913 – 1920)
Role of government increased Heavy handed national security policies leads to
election of conservative Republican Warren G. Harding
Social and economic Darwinism Ascendant in 1920’s
![Page 19: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt Great Society of Lyndon Johnson Reagan Revolution resurrects support for
smaller government◦ Government problem – not solution◦ Bush I and Clinton continue the policies◦ More leeway to capitalist institutions under
George W. Bush Differential Impacts of Privatization
◦ Affluent◦ Less fortunate
![Page 20: Urban political structures not neutral Examples: ◦ Ethnic leaders viewed civil service reforms as “the curse of the nation” ◦ Metropolitan governments](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb91a28abf838c9fdc4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Concern with the negative consequences of Bush administration’s reliance on private sector
Affinity for plight of underclass in the cities Greater confidence in the capabilities of
government