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Unit 5: Heredity and Genetics

+Essential Questions How do cells grow and divide?

How is genetic material passed from parent to offspring?

What are the patterns of inheritance and how can this be used to predict traits in offspring?

What are the different variations in traits? How are these variations inherited?

What happens when something goes wrong with regards to genetic traits?

How can the rate of genetic traits inherited be calculated?

What is DNA and what role does it have in our body?

What are some current trends in DNA research?

+Day 1: Cell Division

Required Readings: 3.19

Learning Objectives: To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material

accurately To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in

cells with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their parent cells

To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals

and flowering plants To understand the need for a special cell division in the

formation of haploid gametes

+Starter

Create a KWL table for genetics and heredity Know Want to know Learned

Fill in the “K” and “W” columns

You will fill in the “L” column at the end of each lesson, and can write any more questions that you may have from the current lesson

Time: 15 minutes

+Activity 1

Watch the video on mitosis

Write down questions you have while you are watching it

Time: 25 minutes

+Activity 2

Create a model using the pipe cleaners and yarn to show what happens in the cell cycle

Include the image as well as a written description for the following phases: Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Time: 40 minutes

+ Interphase

- Cell growth- Synthesis of DNA- Replication of organelles- Prepares for mitosis- Cell spends most of its time in

interphase

+ Prophase

- Chromosomes condense into 2 identical chromatids, joined at the centromere

- Nuclear envelope begins to break down

- Spindles form at the centrioles- Centrioles move to opposite ends of

the cell

+ Metaphase

- Spindles attach to the centromere of the chromosomes

- Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell

+ Anaphase

- Individual chromosomes are pulled apart and taken to opposite ends of the cell

+ Telophase

- Nuclear envelope begins to form around chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell

- Cell elongates and prepares for cytokinesis

+ Cytokinesis

- Cell pinches off in the middle to form 2 new identical daughter cells

- Literally means “splitting cytoplasm”

+Closing Activity and Homework

Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column

Next lesson we will look at meiosis and comparing mitosis with meiosis. Be sure to read over section 3.19 again

+Day 2: Cell Division (60 minutes)

Required Readings: 3.19

Learning Objectives: To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material

accurately To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in

cells with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their parent cells

To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals

and flowering plants To understand the need for a special cell division in the

formation of haploid gametes

+Starter

What are the stages in mitosis and what happens in each stage?

When/why does mitosis occur?

What is the purpose of meiosis?

What are the products of meiosis?

Where do mitosis and meiosis occur?

Time: 15 minutes

+Activity 1

Create a diagram depicting what happens during meiosis

Include a written explanation of what is happening

Time: 30 minutes

+Activity 2

Look at the picture on the following slide that compares mitosis and meiosis

What are some similarities between the two processes?

What are some differences?

Time: 10 minutes

+Closing and Homework

Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column

Complete your meiosis diagram if not completed

+Day 3: Mendel

Required reading: Supplemental text from wiki

Learning Objectives: To learn about Mendel’s experiments with garden pea

plants To understand the Law of Independent Assortment and the

Law of Segregation To predict the probability of genetic crosses using Punnett

squares

+Starter

Take a look at the data that was collected from Mendel’s experiments.

What can you conclude with regards to the following: The ratio of traits in the offspring What trait is dominant? Recessive? How do you know? What different traits were studied?

Time: 15 minutes

+Activity 1 Create a vocabulary square for each of the following words

Allele Dominant Recessive Law of Independent Assortment Law of Segregation Trait Inherited Heterozygous Homozygous Phenotype Genotype

4 squares: Word Definition (in your own words) Picture Sentence using the word

Time: 30 minutes

+Activity 2

Punnett squares are used to predict the probability of genetic traits in offspring

The genotype is the genetic make up of the trait, and the phenotype is the physical characteristic the trait produces

Example – Flower colourGenotype Phenotype Hetero/homozygous

PP Purple flower Homozygous

Pp Purple flower Heterozygous

Pp White flower Homozygous

+Activity 2 (cont’d)

Construct a Punnett square to show the possible outcomes for the following crosses: PP x pp Pp x pp Pp x Pp

What are the genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring?

What are the phenotypic ratios for the offspring?

Time: 15 minutes

+Activity 3

Complete the “Albinism” and “Coin Toss” activities in the Genetics packet

Time: 20 minutes

+Closing and Homework

Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column

Mendel’s data

+Day 4: Patterns of Inheritance

+Day 5: Variation and Inheritance

+Day 6: Inheritance and Karyotyping (60 minutes)

+Day 7: Human Genetic Traits

+Day 8: Inherited Medical Conditions

+Day 9: X & Y Chromosomes

+Day 10: DNA

+Day 11: DNA (60 minutes)

+Day 12: Test