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• Product suggestions: As an introduction to electricity, I provide my students with these two CLOSE reading passages with guided questions. CLOSE reading will provide your students with the background knowledge necessary to make teaching ELECTRICITY much easier for you and your students. Students are given simplistic terms and meanings in this short reading passage and are asked to pick out key terms and important concepts. Once students complete the CLOSE passages, they can move to the Conductor Vs. Insulator exploration activity. I have students work in groups to complete this activity. I provide each group with a “C” battery, a light bulb (in the form of Christmas lights that I have cut), a conductive wire (stripped at the ends), and the items on the Conductor Vs. Insulator table. Students test each item to determine whether it’s a conductor or insulator.
• Follow this activity with my ELECTRICTY BUNDLE! It includes EVERYTHING that you will need to teach electricity. ☺
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PHYSICAL SCIENCE lessons and activities!
Static ElectricityElectrical energy is present when electrons (-) move. There are two types of electricity, static and current. Static electricity is the accumulation of extra electrons on an object. Have you ever jumped on a trampoline and been shocked when you touch the metal side? If so, then you have experienced static electricity through conduction (when two objects touch).
When two objects rub together via friction (like your body and the trampoline), electrons move from one object to another. Your body picks up electrons from the trampoline mat, thus creating a net (negative) charge. In other words, your body contains more electrons that protons, so it becomes NEGATIVELY charged.Because the law of attraction states that OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT, the electrons from your body attract to the positive charges on the metal frame of the trampoline. When these charges connect, a static discharge takes place. You may experience this static discharge as a shock.
Another example of static electricity is lightning. When clouds move in the sky, they rub together andtransfer electrons between one another. Thoseelectrons then connect with protons (like protons in atree) on the ground through induction. Induction takesplace when electrons and protons connect withoutphysically touching. It’s like they jump to one another!
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
Static ElectricityDirections:1. Read the passage.2. Use a highlighter to highlight key terms in the passage.3. Complete the sections below:
Vocabulary Review:Write a definition for each term below:
Static Electricity:Friction:Conduction:Induction:Static Discharge:Law of Attraction:
Reading Comprehension:Answer each question below:
a. How do objects become electrically charged?_______________________________
b. Why does a person sometimes experience a “shock” when touching the metal side of a trampoline? ____________________________________
c. What are other examples of static electricity (other than the examples in the reading passage)? _____________________________________
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
Static ElectricityDirections:1. Read the passage.2. Use a highlighter to highlight key terms in the passage.3. Answer the questions below:
Vocabulary Review:Write a definition for each term below:
Static Electricity: the accumulation of electrons (negative charges)
Friction: when electrons are transferred when objects rub together
Conduction: when electrons and protons connect via touchInduction: when electrons and protons connect without touchingStatic Discharge: the result of electrons connecting with protons
Law of Attraction: the attraction of charges with opposite charges
Reading Comprehension:Answer each question below:
a. How do objects become electrically charged? When two object rub together and electrons are transferred. An accumulation of electrons results in becoming “charged.”
b. Why does a person sometimes experience a “shock” when touching the metal side of a trampoline? Their body contains an excess of negative charges (electrons). When they come in contact with positive charges, a shock can occur.
c. What are other examples of static electricity (other than the examples in the reading passage)? Balloon rubbing on a persons head (hair stands up), clothes sticking together in the dryer, etc.
answer key
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
Current ElectricityElectrical energy is present when electrons(-) move. There are two types of electricity,static and current. Current electricity takesplace when electrons flow through a closed path.We call this closed pathway a circuit. The mostbasic circuits are made of a few things:
1) A power source: the power source will supply the circuit with a flow of electrons (like a battery or wall outlet).
2) A conductive path for electrons to flow (like a copper wire): The best conductors of electricity are metals, like copper, gold or silver. Most conductive materials will be wrapped in an insulator to protect from electrical shock or extreme heat.
3) A Load or device that is powered via electricity (like a light bulb or buzzer): The electrons flow from the load and head to the opposite side of the power source (like the positive terminal of a battery or the neutral slot in a wall outlet).
4) A switch: controls the flow of electrons. The switch can open the circuit, which causes electrons to stop flowing OR the switch can close the circuit, which causes electrons to flow.
There are two types of current electricity, alternatingcurrent and direct current. Alternating current (AC) is the electricity we get through our walls. With alternating current,
the current flows in one direction and then reverses, switching back and forth. Direct current (DC) is like the current we get from a dry cell battery. In DC current, the flow of electricity is always in one direction.
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
Current ElectricityDirections:1. Read the passage.2. Use a highlighter to highlight key terms in the passage.3. Complete the sections below:
Vocabulary Review:Write a definition for each term below:Current Electricity:Power Source:Conductor:Insulator:Load:Switch:Alternating Current:Direct Current:
Reading Comprehension:Answer each question below:
a. What components make a circuit?_________________________________
b. What is the difference between a conductor and insulator? _______________________________
c. How are direct and alternating currents different?_______________________________
d. Predict what might happen to a closed electrical circuit if a switch OPENS the circuit.___________________
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
Current ElectricityDirections:1. Read the passage.2. Use a highlighter to highlight key terms in the passage.3. Answer the questions below:
Vocabulary Review:Write a definition for each term below:Current Electricity: the flow of electrons through a circuitPower Source: provides a steady flow of electronsConductor: a material through which electrons flow easilyInsulator: a material that prevents electrons from flowingLoad: device that uses electricity for powerSwitch: controls the flow of electronsAlternating Current: when current reverses/alternates back and forthDirect Current: when electric current flows in one direction
Reading Comprehension:Answer each question below:
a. What components make a circuit? Power source, conductive wire, load, and switch
b. What is the difference between a conductor and insulator? Conductors allow electrons to flow, whereas insulators prevent electrons from flowing
c. How are direct and alternating currents different? Direct current flows in one direction and alternating current switches direction (reverses)
d. Predict what might happen to a closed electrical circuit if a switch OPENS the circuit. Electricity will stop flowing
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
answer key
Conductors Vs. InsulatorsExploration Activity
A conductor is a material that allows electrons to flow easily. Some materials, like a copper wire are great conductors of heat and electricity. However, some materials prevent electrons from flowing. We call these materials insulators.
Predict which items in the table are conductors (c) or insulators (i).
Explore: Use the materials provided to you (light bulb, wire and battery) to create a simple circuit. Next, connect the materials at your station to your circuit to determine whether each material is a conductor or insulator. *Your light bulb should light when conductors are connected to your circuit. However, when insulators are connected, the light bulb will not light.
Place objects from list below in your circuit pathway
Item Hypothesis Results
Paper clip
Pencil
Cloth
Aluminum foil
Toothpick
Penny
Crayon
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
Conductors Vs. InsulatorsExploration Activity
A conductor is a material that allows electrons to flow easily. Some materials, like a copper wire are great conductors of heat and electricity. However, some materials prevent electrons from flowing. We call these materials insulators.
Predict which items in the table are conductors (c) or insulators (i).
Explore: Use the materials provided to you (light bulb, wire and battery) to create a simple circuit. Next, connect the materials at your station to your circuit to determine whether each material is a conductor or insulator. *Your light bulb should light when conductors are connected to your circuit. However, when insulators are connected, the light bulb will not light.
Place objects from list below in your circuit pathway
Item Hypothesis Results
Paper clip C
Pencil I
Cloth I
Aluminum foil C
Toothpick I
Penny C
Crayon I
answer key
ANSWERS WILL VARY
© The Trendy Science Teacher 2017
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