the chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How do Covalent bonds form
![Page 2: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals
![Page 3: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
◦Most nonmetals can bond with another atom of the same element
![Page 4: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
◦The force that holds atoms together in a covalent bond is the attraction of each atom’s nucleus for the shared pair of electrons
![Page 5: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A MOLECULE IS A NEUTRAL GROUP OF ATOMS JOINED BY COVALENT BONDS.
![Page 6: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
◦Except for Hydrogen, the number of covalent bonds that nonmetals form equals the number of electrons needed to make a total of 8, hydrogen only needs 2, Figure 15, page 167
![Page 7: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
◦Double and triple bonds can form when atoms share more than one pair of electrons, double 2 pairs, triple 3 pairs. Figure 16, page 168
![Page 8: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IS a compound that is composed of molecules that are covalently bonded
Molecular Compounds
![Page 9: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
◦Have lower melting points and boiling points and they do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Math skills, page 169
![Page 10: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Less heat is needed to break a covalent bond, that’s why most molecular compounds are liquids or gases at room temperature
![Page 11: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Do not conduct electricity because no charged particles are available to move. Even when they are liquids they are poor conductors
![Page 12: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Unequal Sharing of electrons
![Page 13: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
◦Atoms of some elements pull more strongly on shared electrons than do atoms of other elements. As a result, the electrons are pulled more toward one atom, causing the bonded atoms to have slight electrical charge.
![Page 14: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
These charges are not as strong as ions
![Page 15: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Polar bonds: A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unevenly
![Page 16: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Non-polar bond: covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally.
See figure 17, page 170
![Page 17: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
◦A molecule with non-polar bonds will itself be non-polar. But, a molecule may contain polar bonds and still be non-polar overall.
Polar bonds in molecules
![Page 18: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
◦A carbon dioxide molecule is a non-polar molecule because it’s a straight line shape. In contrast a water molecule is polar because of its bend shape. The bent shape allows the O end to have a slight negative charge and the H₂ end to have a slight positive charge
![Page 19: The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons, usually between 2 nonmetals](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e755503460f94b763cb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
◦Attraction between molecules ◦Polar molecules require more energy to break the bond than non-polar molecule