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בס״ד לﬠילוי נשמת שרה בן מנחSukkah: Dofen Akumah Perek 1. Daf 4A & 17A 1. Mishna 17A: “If [the roof of] a house is breached and he placed a sukkah covering over it…” 1.1. Less than 4 amos OK because of Dofen Akumah Why? What’s the definition of Dofen Akumah? 2. Explanation of Dofen Akuma according to Rashi on 17A (Pesulah…): 2.1 First Explanation: 2.1.1 DeChashvinan Lschach Kehilu MinHadofen The wall and the roof combine (the end of the roof is the meeting place of the wall and the schach) i.e. the wall has an inclination of 90 degrees 2.1.2 UBeAvira Leika Lememar ¤My question… why not Gud Asik? Possible answer according to the Ritva can’t combine 2 principles 2.1.3 Conclusion: Since the invalid material is part of the wall there’s no disqualifying separation between the wall and the schach, however one cannot fulfill the mitzvah living beneath the invalid material 2.2 Second Explanation: 2.2.1 VEEni Mefaresh Rashi rejects the possibility that Dofen Akumah means that is like we view the wall slanting at a diagonal angle, towards the schach... DeIm ken name gam gave avir neima achi! 3. Gemara 4A: “Bana itzteva… UMinHatzad..” 3.1 From the edge of the platform to the opposite wall < 4 amos OK because of Dofen Akumah 3.2 What’s the chidush (we learned in the Mishna 17A)? In 17A the walls are ok (less than 20 amos) in 4A we could say since the walls are more than 20 amos maybe Dofen Akumah does not apply, kamashmalan that yes! (Rashi) ¤My question…why the baraita is not the Mishna?, it’s a bigger chidush! 4. Explanation of Dofen Akumah according to Rashi on 4A (Pachot…): 4.1 We view the schach raised above 20 amos as a continuation of the wall bent in a 90 degree angle. i.e. The roof become an extension of the wall. Figure A Figure B Figure C

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בס״ד  מנח בן שרה נשמת לעילוי  

Sukkah: Dofen Akumah Perek    1.  Daf  4-­‐A  &  17-­‐A  

 1.-­‐  Mishna  17-­‐A:    “If  [the  roof  of]    a  house  is  breached  and  he  placed  a  sukkah  covering  over  it…”  

1.1. Less  than  4  amos  è  OK  because  of  Dofen  Akumah  Why?  What’s  the  definition  of  Dofen  Akumah?  

 2.-­‐  Explanation  of  Dofen  Akuma  according  to  Rashi  on  17-­‐A  (Pesulah…):              2.1  First  Explanation:                    2.1.1  DeChashvinan  Lschach  Kehilu  MinHadofen                                                The  wall  and  the  roof  combine  (the  end  of  the  roof  is  the  meeting  place  of  the  wall  and  the  schach)  i.e.  the  wall  has  an  inclination  of  90  degrees  

                   2.1.2  UBeAvira  Leika  Lememar       ¤My  question…  why  not  Gud  Asik?  è  Possible  answer  according  to  the  Ritva  can’t  combine  2  principles  

                 2.1.3  Conclusion:  Since  the  invalid  material  is  part  of  the  wall  there’s  no  disqualifying  separation  between  the  wall  and  the  schach,  however  one  cannot  fulfill  the  mitzvah  living  beneath  the  invalid  material                    2.2  Second  Explanation:                    2.2.1  VEEni  Mefaresh  

Rashi  rejects  the  possibility  that  Dofen  Akumah  means  that  is  like  we  view  the  wall  slanting  at  a  diagonal  angle,  towards  the  schach...  DeIm  ken  name  gam  gave  avir  neima  achi!    

 

3.-­‐  Gemara  4-­‐A:    “Bana  itzteva…  UMinHatzad..”          3.1  From  the  edge  of  the  platform  to  the  opposite  wall  <  4  amos  è  OK  because  of  Dofen  Akumah          3.2  What’s  the  chidush  (we  learned  in  the  Mishna  17-­‐A)?  è  In  17-­‐A  the  walls  are  ok  (less  than  20  amos)  in  4-­‐A  we  could  say  since  the  walls  are  more  than  20  amos  maybe  Dofen  Akumah  does  not  apply,  kamashmalan  that  yes!  (Rashi)  

¤My  question…why  the  baraita  is  not  the  Mishna?,  it’s  a  bigger  chidush!    4.-­‐  Explanation  of  Dofen  Akumah  according  to  Rashi  on  4-­‐A  (Pachot…):          4.1  We  view  the  schach  raised  above  20  amos  as  a  continuation  of  the  wall  bent  in  a  90  degree  angle.  i.e.  The  roof  become  an  extension  of  the  wall.                

Figure  A  

Figure  B  

Figure  C  

       4.2  The  Ritva  brings  another  explanation  found  in  other  Rishonim  (Ran,  Maggid  Mishna)  but  not  printed  in  the  Gemara:  Rashi  explains  that  the  opposite  wall  is  bent  diagonally  towards  the  platform,  so  the  entire  sukka  become  valid!  So  one  could  sit  under  the  schach  that  is  above  20  amos.  This  opinion  is  similar  to  the  one  Rashi  rejected  (2.2).    The  Ritva  brings  another  interpretation  according  to  Tosfos  similar  to  Rashi  (4.1)                    5.-­‐  The  Rambam  on  4-­‐A  versus  17-­‐A          5.1  On  the  case  of  4-­‐A  (Sukkah  higher  than  20  amos)  Dofen  Akumah  means  that  we  view  the  walls  as  touching  the  bench,  and  the  distance  from  the  bench  to  the  schach  is  less  than  20  amos  (similar  to  what  the  Ritva  brings  in  the  name  of  Rashi  in  4.2  figure  D)          5.2  On  the  case  of  17-­‐A  (Roof  of  a  house)  Dofen  Akumah  means  the  wall  has  been  made  crooked  (bent  90  degrees),  so  the  bricks  in  the  ceiling  (not  valid  as  schach)  are  considered  part  of  the  wall  (similar  to  our  Rashi  and  to  what  the  Ritva  brings  in  the  name  of  Tosfos  see  2.1.1  figure  A)          5.3.  Can  we  eat  outside  the  bench?  The  way  the  Kesef  Mishe  learn  the  RAMBAM,  no!,  he  says  the  RAMBAM  maybe  goes  like  the  RAN  against  Rashi  in  regard  to  the  comparison  with  the  overhang  and  our    case.    But…  Why  the  Rambam  does  not  say  on  17-­‐A  like  on  4-­‐A  (figure  E)?  

 

Figure  E  

Because  there  that  part  of  the  ceiling  (see  arrow)  is  not  valid  as  schach!  

6.-­‐  The  Shulcham  HaRuch  cites  both  cases  of  Dofen  Akumah.  He  rules  (632:1)  that  one  should  not  sleep  under  the  Dofen  Akumah,  if  it  is  more  than  4  TEFACHIM  in  wide  (less  than  4  Tefachim  of  schach  pasul  or  less  than  3  Tefachim  of  air  are  allowed  in  the  schach).  

PURIM  KATAN  SAMEACH!  

Figure  D