निज़ाम ए अमल.pdf

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1

fuT+kke&,&vey

eqvfYyQ+

ekSykuk vCnqy gkfen d+knjh cnk;w¡uh

vuqoknd

eqgEen ruohj [+kku d+knjh

izdk'kd

rktqy Q+gwy vdsMeh] cnk;w¡


2

lHkh vf/kdkj lqjf{kr

flyflyk ua0 115

fdrkc % fuT+kke&,&vey

eqlfUuQ+ % ekSykuk vCnqy gkfen d+knjh cnk;wuh

vuqoknd % eqgEen ruohj [+kku d+knjh]

[+kkfne vkLrkuk vkfy;k d+knfj;k] cnk;w¡

izFke laLdj.k (fgUnh) % 1435 fg0@2014

izdk'kd % rktqy Q+gwy vdsMeh]

eksgYyk ekSYoh Vksyk] cnk;w¡] (;w-ih-)

forj.k drkZ % tkes uwj] nsgyh&6

[+oktk cqd fMiks] nsgyh&6


3

leiZ.k

eSa viuh bl vnuk lh dkfo'k dks

vkfyes jCckuh 'kghns&cx+nkn gt+jr 'ks[+k

vYykek mlSnqygd+ d+knjh(vySfgjZgek)

ds

ukedjrk gw¡ ftudh bLykgks&vks&rjfc;r vkSj jguqekbZ us

fy[kus&i<+us dk 'kÅj iSnk fd;k-

eqgEen ruohj [+kku d+knjh


4

vT+kZ&,&ukf'kjrktqy&Q+qgwy ,dsMeh [+kkud+kgs vkfy;k d+knfj;k cnk;w¡ 'kjhQ+ dk ,d

T+kSyh bnkjk gS tks rktnkjs vgys&lqUur gt+jr 'ks[k+ vCnqy gehn eqgEenlkfye d+knjh (t+scs lTtknk [+kkud+kg d+knfj;k cnk;w¡ 'kjhQ+) dh ljijLrh esavT+es&eqgde vkSj vEys&iSge ds lkFk rgd+hd+] rLuhQ+] rtZqek vkSjuJ&vks&b'kkv~r ds eSnku esa ljxesZ&vey gS- ,dsMeh ds t+sjs ,greke vcrd vchZ] mnZw] fgUnh] bafXy'k] xqtjkrh vkSj ejkBh t+ckuksa esa rd+jhcu 110fdrkcsa eUt+js&vke ij vk pqdh gSa tks 'kghns&cx+nkn ekSykuk mlSnqygd+ d+knjhdh fuxjkuh vkSj mudh d+k;nkuk dksf'k'kksa vkSj esgurksa dk urhtk gS- vkidh'kgknr ds ckn vc uJ&vks&b'kkv~r ds ;g lkjs mewj cgEn fyYykglkgct+knk&,&fxjkeh ekSykuk vrhQ+ d+knjh cnk;wuh dh fuxjkuh esa cgqLuks&[+kwchvatke ik jgs gSa- t+sjs&ut+j fdrkc blh flyflys dh ,d dM+h gS-

rktqy&Q+qgwy ,dsMeh dh ,d [+kqlwfl;r ;g Hkh gS fd blus gj gYd+s vkSjgj rCd+s dh fnypLih vkSj t+:jrksa ds is'ks&ut+j b'kkv~rh f[+knekr vatke nhgSa] [+kkfyl bYeh vkSj rgd+hd+h dqrqc] vnch vkSj 'ksv~jh fuxkfj'kkr] vkeyksxksa dh rjfc;r&vks&bLykg ds fy, vklku t+cku esa fjlkby] vdkfcjscnk;w¡ dh lhjr o lokusg] ckfry vQ+dkj&vks&ut+fj;kr ds jíks&bCrky vkSjelyds gd+ ds blckr esa d+nhe&vks&tnhn fjlkby vkSj x+Sj eqfLye fcjknjkusoru ds fy, bLyke ds rvk#ZQ+ ij eq'rfey lqY>k gqvk nkorh vkSj rcyhx+hfyVªspj x+jt+ fd ,dsMeh bu reke eSnkuksa esa c;d&oD+r rgd+hd+h] rLuhQ+hvkSj b'kkv~rh f[+knekr vatke ns jgh gS-

bfCrnk gh ls rktqy&Q+qgwy ,dsMeh ds eUlwcs esa ;g ckr Hkh 'kkfey Fkh fd[+kkuoknk&,&d+knfj;k cnk;w¡ 'kjhQ+ vkSj [+kkuoknk&,& d+knfj;k ls okcLrkmyek&vks&e'kkb[+k dh vt+he 'kf[+l;kr] muds mywe&vks&evkfjQ+ vkSj mudhg;kr&vks&f[+knekr ls ekStwnk uLy dks jks'kukl djok;k tk,] cQ+fT+yghrvkyk ,dsMeh us bl flEr esa Hkh dke;kc dksf'k'ksa dh gSa- fygkt+k is'ks&ut+jfdrkc Hkh blh flyflys dh rdehy dk ,d fgLlk gS] tks enlkZ d+knfj;k ds,d ykbd+ eqnfjZl dh esgur dk urhtk gS-

jCcs&d+nhj&vks&eqD+rfnj ls nqvk gS fd ,dsMeh dh f[+knekr dq+cwy Q+jek;s]gesa T+;knk ls T+;knk nhuh f[+knekr djus dh rkSQ+hd+ vrk Q+jek;s vkSj gekjsb'kkv~rh eUlwcksa dh rDehy esa vklkfu;k¡ iSnk Q+jek;s-

eqgEen vCnqy d+¸;we d+knjhtujy lsØsVªh rktqy&Q+qgwy ,dsMeh

[+kkfne [+kkud+kg d+knfj;k] cnk;w¡


5

Q+gfjLrmUoku l-ua-

bfCrnkb;k (ekSykuk vrhQ+ fe;k¡ d+knjh) 7

rvk#Q+s&eqlfUuQ+ ('kghns cx+nkn gt+jr ekSykuk mlSnqygd+ d+knjh) 11

eqd+nek & (ekSykuk eqgEen vCnqy gkfen d+knjh eqbZuh cnk;wuh) 15

iSnkb'k] cPpksa dh rjfc;r] vd+hd+k ox+Sjk 21

vgknhls&vd+hd+k 23

cPps dh rjfc;r o nw/k fiykbZ 24

vkSykn ds lkFk eqgCcr o 'kQ+d+r 26

bZeku&vks&bLyke 28

igyk #dqu bZeku 28

vd+kbn 30

rkSghn] f'kdZ dh rjnhn (vk;kr rtZqek] vgknhl) 32

fnyksa dh lQ+kbZ dk fuT+kke (vk;kr o vgknhl) 35

dqjku ethn 42

brkv~rs ufCo;k 49

d+;ker 50

tUur&vks&nkst+[+k 51

ftLekuh rgkjr (lQ+kbZ) dk fuT+kke (vk;kr] vgknhl) 52

bcknr&vks&uekT+k (vk;kr rtZqek] vgknhl) 61

rQ+lhy vkSd+krs uekT+k 66

lqUur o ufQ+y uekt+ksa dk eq[+rlj c;ku 79

X+kqLy o nQ+u e¸;r o uekt+s tukt+k 83

vT+kyk o d+Lckr dh rUt+he vkSj tqes dh vgfe;r 87

bZnSu dh uekt+ 91

ftLekuh bcknr dk fut+kes vey ;kuh jkst+k 94

Q+ft+Z;r jksT+kk] ejht+ksa] eqlkfQ+jksa dks #[+lr] nhu esa vklkfu;k¡ 95

ekyh bcknr dk fut+kes&vey ;kuh t+dkr 100

elkbys t+dkr 104


6

mUoku l-ua-

gt (vk;kr rtZqek] vgknhl) 107

elkbys gt 114

gqd+wd+qybckn dk fuT+kkes&vey (vk;kr rtZqek] vgknhl) 120

gt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk jft+;Yykgq vUgk dk vge bj'kkn 130

egdek d+T+kk ('kjbZ vnkyr) ;k fut+kes 'kjbZ dh t+:jr 135

bfÙkgkn&vks&bfÙkQ+kd+ cSuqy eqfLyehu 146

gqT+kwj ekSyk, dk;ukr dk ov~t+ rkYyqd+kr esa ,rnky j[kks 147

gqdwer&vks&lYrur ds bLykeh mlwy ;k 155

mldk fut+kes vey[+kqyQ+k&,&bLyke dh ft+Unxh 169

gt+jr l¸;nuk flíhd+s vdcj jft+0v0 169

gt+jr l¸;nuk Q+k:d+s vkt+e jft+0v0 172

gt+jr l¸;nuk mleku x+uh jft+0v0 176

gt+jr l¸;nuk ekSyk vyh bcus vch rkfyc jft+0v0 178

gt+jr l¸;nuk beke glu jft+0v0 179

eUlcs d+T+kk (d+kT+kh) vkSj bldh ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ 181

nkors gd+ dk fut+kes vey (vk;kr rtZqek] vgknhl) 184

enkfjl o [+kkud+kgksa dk fuT+kkes vey 189

bLyke dk frtkjrh fut+ke (vk;kr rtZqek] vgknhl) 191

fjck (lwn) (vk;kr rtZqek] vgknhl) 201

fut+kes fojklr 203

vk[+kjh xqt+kfj'k 216

q q q


7

bfCrnkb;k'kgt+knk&,&rktnkjs vgys lqUur gT+kjr

vYykek vrhQ+ fe;k¡ d+knjh eíkft+Yygqyvkyh

[+kkuoknk&,&d+knfj;k mLekfu;k cnk;w¡ vkSj enjlk vkfy;k d+knfj;k

ds Q+jt+Unksa us gj nkSj esa feYyr&vks&et+gc dh ,slh fxjk¡ d+nz f[+knekr

vatke nh gSa ftudks rkjh[+k dHkh ut+jvankt+ ugha dj ldrh- rgjhds

vkt+knh 1857bZ0 dk eSnkus&ftgkn gks ;k fQ+ruk&,&bLekbZfy;k o ogkfc;k

dh ljdwch ([+kkRes) dk elyk] feYyr dh 'khjkt+kcUnh gks ;k rlOoqQ+ks&

:gkfu;r] gj txg vcuk, enjlk vkfy;k d+knfj;k u flQ+Z ;g fd

lQ+s&vOoy esa ekStwn feysaxs cfYd d+k;nkuk fdjnkj vnk djrs gq, ut+j

vk;saxsA blh rjg rcyhx+s&bLyke ds eSnku esa Hkh viuh rd+jhj o rgjhj

ds t+fj;s Q+jt+Unkus enjlk vkfy;k d+knfj;k us og dkjgk,&uqek;k¡

(dkjukes) vatke fn;s tks rkjh[+k dh is'kkuh ij lqugjs gjQ+ksa esa fy[ks gq,

gSa-

bUgh d+kfcys Q+Ò+ 'kf[+l;kr esa ls ,d [+kkuoknk&,&d+knfj;k ds p'eks

fpjkx+ gt+jr ekSykuk eqgEen vCnqy gkfen cnk;wuh jfgek gqYykg (oQ+kr

1390 fg0@1970 bZ0) gSa- ekSykuk cnk;wuh us feYyrks&et+gc dh og

vt+he f[+knekr vatke nh gSa fd ftudh cqfu;kn ij ekSykuk dks mEer

dHkh Q+jkeks'k ugha dj ldrh- ekSykuk cnk;wuh us viuh el:Q+rjhu

ft+Unxh esa cgqr lh fdrkcsa fy[kha- t+sjs&ut+j fdrkc ßfut+ke&,&veyÞ

mu gh esa ls ,d gS-

bl fdrkc esa ge ekSykuk dk rQ+lhyh vrk#ZQ+ Hkh 'kk;s dj jgs gSa

ftlls d+kjbZu (i<+us okys) dks vUnkt+k gksxk fd ekSykuk dks vYykg

rvkyk us dSlh mEnk lykfg;rksa ls uokt+k Fkk vkSj ekSykuk us mu

lykfg;rksa dk D;k [+kwc bLrseky fd;k-

ekSykuk dh nhxj rlkuhQ+ (fdrkcsa) dh rjg ;g fdrkc Hkh cgqr

vgfe;r dh gkfey gS- blfy, bldks voke o [+kokl rd igq¡pkus dh


8

dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gS- bl fdrkc ds uke gh ls bldh vgfe;r dk

vUnkt+k fd;k tk ldrk gS- eqlyeku dh ft+Unxh dk fut+ke tks dq+jvku

o lqUur ls lkfcr gS mldks vklku ycks&ygts esa ;dtk fd;k x;k gS-

txg&txg dq+jvkuh vk;kr vkSj vgknhls ucfo;k ds gokys Hkh fn;s x;s

gSa- mlywc vxjps [+krhckuk gS exj fnypLi gS-

iSnkb'k ls ekSr rd dk lQ+j dSlk gksuk pkfg,\ vYykg vkSj mlds

jlwy dh jt+k dSls gkfly gksxh\ ,d vke ft+Unxh dks bLykeh ft+Unxh

dSls cuk;k tkrk gS\ bu reke lokyksa ds tokckr ekSykuk cnk;wuh us

bl fdrkc esa cgqr gh lyhd+s ls rgjhj fd;s gSa- fdrkc dh vgfe;r

vkSj bQ+kfn;r dk vUnkt+k bl ij rgjhj rd+kjht+ ls Hkh yxk;k tk

ldrk gS- gj rCd+s vkSj gj eDrcs&fQ+Ø ds vkfyeks&is'kok us bl fdrkc

dh it+hjkbZ (rkjhQ+) dh vkSj bldks iwjh d+kSe fcy[+kqlwl ukStokuksa ds

fy, csgn eqQ+hn d+jkj fn;k- bu rd+kjht+ ls bl ckr dk Hkh vUnkt+k

yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd ekSykuk cnk;wuh dh 'kf[+l;r vokeks&[+kokl esa

fdl d+nj ed+cwfy;r dh gkfey Fkh vkSj vkidh rlkuhQ+ dks fdruh

d+æks&efUt+yr dh fuxkg ls ns[kk tkrk Fkk-

bl fdrkc esa bl gd+hd+r dks mtkxj djus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS fd

flQ+Z bLyke gh ,slk fut+kes&vey ns ldrk gS tks bUlkuh ft+Unxh ds gj

'kksv~cs esa dkjvken lkfcr gksrk gS vkSj vkt Hkh bldh t+:jr gS fd ge

bLykeh rkyhekr ls fj'rk et+cwr djsa vkSj viuh ft+Unxh dks bLykeh

ft+Unxh esa <ky ysa- vkt feYyrs bLykfe;k ftl d'ked'k dk f'kdkj gS

mldk gy Hkh bLykeh rkyhekr ij vey djus esa gh iks'khnk gS- vkt

Hkh vxj mEers&eqfLyek eqvfYyes&dk;ukr uwjs eqtLle eqgEen jlwyqYykg

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh rkyhekr vkSj dqjvkuh fgnk;kr ij vey

iSjk gks tk, rks nqfu;k ,d ckj fQj 'kkSdrs&Q+k:d+h dk ut+kjk dj ldrh

gS-

mEers eqfLyek ds fcxM+rs gkykr dks ns[krs gq, ekSykuk cnk;wuh us ;g

fdrkc rLuhQ+ Q+jekbZ Fkh rkfd feYyr dh bLykg gks lds vkSj bLykeh

ft+Unxh vke gks vkSj blh tT+cs ds is'ks&ut+j ge ;g eqQ+hn fdrkc tnhn


9

vkcks&rkc ds lkFk 'kk;s dj jgs gSa-

;g fdrkc 1936 bZ0@1355 fg0 esa igyh ckj t+ekus ds rd+kt+s ds

eqrkfcd+ bldh rckv~r vey esa vkbZ Fkh- exj vc ge bldks tnhn

rd+kt+ksa (ekStwnk gkykr) ds eqrkfcd+ 'kk;s dj jgs gSa-

dqN rjrhc tnhn (ubZ rjrhc) ds ckjs esa&q eqlfUuQ+ us tgk¡ dq+jvkuh vk;kr dk ft+Ø fd;k Fkk ogk¡ flQ+Z lwjr

ds uke ij bfDrQ+k fd;k Fkk] geus bl lwjr ds vk;kr uEcj Hkh ft+Ø

dj fn;s gSa-

q fdrkc esa tgk¡ gnhl 'kjhQ+ ft+Ø dh x;h Fkh ogk¡ flQ+Z fdrkc dk

uke jd+e Fkk] geus reke vgknhl dh tnhn vUnkt+ esa r[+kjht dj nh

rkfd d+kjh dks vly ek[+kT+k rd igq¡pus esa vklkuh gks-

q ckt+ eqd+kekr ij eqlfUuQ+ us fdrkc dk uke Hkh ft+Ø ugha fd;k Fkk

geus mu ed+kekr dh Hkh r[+kjht dj nh gS-

q eqlfUuQ+ us tks Q+gfjLr rS;kj dh Fkh geus mldks gT+Q+ djds mldh

txg viuh rjQ+ ls tnhn Q+sgfjLr rS;kj dh gS-

q tgk¡ geus viuh rjQ+ ls fdlh bckjr dk bt+kQ+k fd;k gS mldks ,d

e[+klwl czsfdV esa dj fn;k gS rkfd vly ls bfEr;kt+ jgs-

q ge vius eqf[+yl nksLr tukc lkfd+c jt+k d+knjh lkgc (ikfdLrku)

ds csgn e'kdwj gSa fd mUgksaus bl fdrkc dks LdSu djok ds gesa Hkstk

ftlls bl fdrkc dh b'kkv~r esa vklkuh gqbZ] D;ksafd blls d+Cy gekjs

ikl dqrqc[+kkuk d+knjh esa tks uqL[+kk Fkk oks ukfd+l Fkk- vYykg rvkyk

mUgsa vtzs&tt+hy vrk Q+jek;s-

ge ;gk¡ ;g ckr vt+Z djuk t+:jh le>rs gSa fd gt+jr 'ks[+k

vYykek mlSnqygd+ d+knjh vySfgjZgek dk ;g mlwy cu x;k Fkk fd vki

[+kkud+kgs cjdkfr;k vkSj [+kkud+kgs d+knfj;k ds t+sjs ,sgreke eqUvfd+n

gksus okys vkjkl esa fdlh u fdlh fdrkc dk 'kk;kus&'kku btjk djok;k

djrs Fks vkSj bl rjg vius b'kkv~rh eUlwcksa dh rdehy esa ljxeZs&vey

Fks- vc vkidh 'kgknr ds ckn ge vius bl b'kkv~rh eUlwcs dks blh

rt+Z ij d+kbe j[ksaxs rkfd uJ&vks&b'kkv~r dk ;g flyflyk tkjh jgs-


10

;gk¡ bl ckr dk ,rjkQ+ t+:jh gS fd ;d+huu 'ks[+k lkgc dh 'kgknr

ds ckn bnkjk ftu gkykr ls nks&pkj gqvk og d+kfcys&c;ku ugha] ;g lc

rktnkjs vgyslqUur gt+jrs vd+nl 'ks[+k vCnqy gehn eqgEen lkfye

d+knjh dh fgEer&vks&lcz vkSj nqvkvksa dk urhtk gS fd ge vius

b'kkv~rh lQ+j dks tkjh j[ks gq, gSa-

gesa bl ckr dk Hkh ,rjkQ+ gS fd 'ks[+k lkgc dh 'kgknr ds ckn

gekjs b'kkv~rh dke esa dksbZ u dksbZ [+kkeh ;k deh t+:jh ut+j vk;sxh

ftlesa gekjh dksrkgh vkSj de bYeh dks n[+ky gS-

jCcs&d+nhjks&eqD+rfnj ls nqvk gS fd gekjh dksrkfg;ksa dks njxqt+j

Q+jek;s] gesa bYeks&vey ls vkjkLrk Q+jek;s vkSj ,dsMeh ds b'kkv~rh

eUlwcksa dh rdehy esa vklkfu;k¡ iSnk Q+jek;s-

eqgEen vrhQ+ d+knjh

[+kkud+kgs vkfy;k d+knfj;k] cnk;w¡


11

rvk#Q+s&eqlfUuQ+vt+& vkfyes&jCckuh 'kghns&cx+nknekSykuk mlSnqygd+ d+knjh cnk;wuh

gt+jr ekSykuk eqgEen vCnqy gkfen d+knjh cnk;wuh (foyknr 1318fg0@1900 bZ0) bCus (iq=) ekSykuk gdhe vCnqy d+¸;we d+knjh t¸;nvkfye] 'kksyk&c;ku [+krhc] feYyh d+kbn] eqlfUuQ+ vkSj lkfgcs&rt+Z'kk;j Fks- vkidh rkyhe enjlk vkfy;k d+knfj;k cnk;w¡] enjlk 'kElqymywecnk;w¡ vkSj enjlk bykfg;kr dkuiqj esa gqbZ- vlkrt+k (mLrkns fxjkeh) esamLrkT+kqy&myek ekSykuk eqfgCc vgen d+knjh cnk;wuh] ekSykuk gkfQ+t+c[+'k d+knjh vko¡yoh] ekSykuk eq¶+rh bczkghe d+knjh cnk;wuh] ekSykukeq'rkd+ vgen dkuiqjh] ekSykuk vCnqLlyke Q+ylQ+h vkSj gt+jrsvkf'kd+qjZlwy ekSykuk eq¶+rh vCnqy d+nhj d+knjh cnk;wuh ds uke d+kfcysft+Ø gSa-

ljdkj lkfgcqy bD+rnkj gt+jr 'kkg vCnqy eqD+rfnj d+knjh cnk;wuhdqfílk fljZgq ls btkt+r&vks&f[+kykQ+r gkfly dh-

vkius viuh veyh ft+Unxh dk vkx+kt+ enjlk 'kElqymywe ds uk;ceksgrfee (izcU/kd) dh gSfl;r ls fd;k] fQj vius cM+s HkkbZ eqtkfgnsvkt+knh ekSykuk vCnqy ekftn d+knjh cnk;wuh ds lkFk feYyh vkSj d+kSehrgjhdkr esa 'kkfey gks x;s vkSj d+;kes ikfdLrku dh ftíks&tqgn esauqek;k¡ fdjnkj vnk fd;k- vky bf.M;k lqUuh dkUÝ+sal cukjl esa 'kjhdgq, vkSj ukft+e uJ&vks&b'kkv~r dh gSfl;r ls bl rgjhd dks et+cwrfd;k- rd+lhe ds ckn ikfdLrku fgtjr dj x,] ogk¡ eqgkftjhu dhckt+ vkckndkjh ds fy, eqf[+ylkuk ftíks&tqgn dh- 1948 bZ- esa eqcfYyx+s&bLyke ekSykuk vCnqy vyhe flíhd+h esjBh dh d+;knr esa ikfdLrku dsfy, bLykeh nLrwj (d+kuwu) dk [+kkdk eqjRrc fd;k vkSj blds fuQ+kt+dk eqrkYck ysdj ckfu&,&ikfdLrku eqgEen vyh ftUukg lkgc lseqykd+kr dh- d+kSes ikfdLrku dh nhuh jguqekbZ ds fy, ßtehv~rmYek&,&ikfdLrkuÞ dk d+;ke vey esa vk;k] vki bfCrnk ls tehv~rds ljxeZ #dqu jgs] ckn esa ßtehv~r mYek&,&ikfdLrkuÞ ds lnj


12

eqUr[+kc fd;s x, vkSj viuh oQ+kr rd bl vksgns ij Q+kbt+ jgs-lÅnh vjc] felz] bZjku] bZjkd+] ycuku] 'kke] cSrqy&ed+fnl] :l]phu] cjrkfu;k] vejhdk vkSj fLoVt+jyS.M lesr nqfu;k ds cs'kqekjeqYdksa dk nkSjk fd;k vkSj rCyhx+s& bLyke dk vt+he Q+jht+k vatkefn;k-

1963 bZ0 dh rgjhd ßrg¶+Q+qt+s&[+kRes&ucqOorÞ esa ukewl fjlkyr ds,d eqgkfQ+t+ks&eqtkfgn dh gSfl;r ls d+k;nkuk fdjnkj vnk fd;k- ftldsurhts esa djkph vkSj lD[kj tsy esa d+Sn&vks&cUn dh lÅcrsa cnkZ'r dha-d+kn;kfu;r fd fQ+rus ls vkyes&bLyke dks :'kukl djkus ds fy, vjceqekfyd ds myek&vks&T+kksv~ek ls eqykd+krsa dha vkSj muls [+kRes ucqOor dsflyflys esa Q+ros gkfly fd;s-

1952 bZ0 esa lÅnh gqdwer dh tkfuc ls efLtns ucoh dh rkSlhv~(c<+kus) ds cgkus xqEcns&f[+kt+jk dks eqUgfne ('kghn) djus dk eUlwckcuk;k x;k] ml oD+r gt+jr ekSykuk vCnqy gkfen cnk;wuh us ßtehv~rmYek&,&ikfdLrkuÞ ds IysVQ+keZ ls rg¶+Q+qt+s xqEcns f[+kt+jk vkSj l;kursvklkj eqckjdk dh ,d vkyexhj eqfge pykbZ] ftlds rgr ikfdLrkuesa eq[+rfyQ+ btykl fd;s x;s- fQj gt (1371 fg0@1952 bZ0) ds ekSd+sij ekSykuk vCnqy gkfen cnk;wuh dh t+sjs&d+;knr ßtehv~r mYek&,&ikfdLrkuÞ dk ,d uqekbUnk oQ+n fgtkt+ jokuk gqvk- ogk¡ oQ+n useqrkfYyd+k vge vQ+jkn (gt+jkr) ds vykok ml t+ekus ds oyhvgnseqefydr (ckn esa lÅnh ckn'kkg) vehj lÅn fcu vCnqy vt+ht+ lseqykd+kr djds vius eqrkfyckr is'k fd;s- ftlds urhts esa lÅnh gqdwerbfUgnkes&xqEcns f[+kt+jk ds bjkns ls ckt+ jgh-

1952 bZ0 dh bl dke;kc rgjhd ds ckn 1961 bZ0 esa fQj ekSykukus lgkck o vgys&cSr ds eqUgfne 'kqnk et+kjkr dh rkehjs&ukS vkSj xqEcnsf[+kt+jk ds rg¶+Q+qt+&vks&l;kur ds fy;s vkyexhj eqfge pykbZ- igysvkius dqcwj&vks&et+kjkr ij dq+Ccksa ds 'kjbZ tokt+ ij ,d Q+rok eqjRrcfd;k- fQj fgUnqLrku] ikfdLrku vkSj caxykns'k (tks ml oD+r e'kfjd+hikfdLrku Fkk) dk nkSjk djds ogk¡ ds eksv~rcj myek&vks&e'kkb[+k us blQ+ros ij nLr[+kr fd;s-

fQj vkius vkyes&vjc vkSj bZjku dk nkSjk fd;k vkSj ogk¡ ds


13

ljdnkZ myek ls bl Q+ros ij rLnhd+sa vkSj rd+jht+kr gkfly dha-vkius lÅnh gqdwer ls eqrkYck fd;k fd dq+Ccksa vkSj et+kjkr dsbfUgnke ij jksd yxkbZ tk, vkSj tks et+kjkr eqUgfne dj fn;s x, gSamudks vt+ljs ukS (ubZ) rkehj djds muds Åij drcs yxk, tk;sa-ekSykuk dk Q+rok fgUn&vks&ikd ds myek dh rLnhd+kr vkSj lÅnhgqdwer ls eqrkfyckr dks ;dtk djds cuke ßtkesv~ Q+rokÞ djkph ls'kk;s fd;k x;k- fQj bl Q+ros dk vjch rtqZek fd;k x;k vkSj mlij myek&,&vjc dh rd+kjht+ vkSj rLnhd+kr gkfly dh xbZa- ekSykukcnk;wuh us 'kkg lÅn ds uke ,d [+kr fy[kk ftlesa mudks vkyes&bLykeds tT+ckr ls vkxkg djrs gq, vius eqrkfyckr is'k fd;s- bl rekeeokn dks ;dtk djds vjch t+cku esa ßvytokcqy e'dwj vykvlvyfry dq+cwjÞ ds uke ls 'kk; fd;k x;k-

et+kjkr lgkck o vgys&cSr dh fgQ+kt+rks&l;kur dh bl rgjhddks vkyexhj cukus vkSj vkyes&bLyke dh jk; vkEek geokj djus dsfy, vkius vkyes&bLyke dk nkSjk fd;k- ;g lQ+j 17 ebZ 1961 bZ0dks djkph ls 'kq: gksdj 30 tqykbZ 1961 bZ0 dks djkph gh esa [+kRegqvk- deks&cs'k <kbZ ekg ds lQ+j esa vkius eDdk eqdjZek] enhukequOojk] tík (lÅnh vjc)] v+eku (mnqZu)] cSrqy&ed+fnl] cS:r(fycuku)] nfe'd+ ('kke)] d+kfgjk] LdUnfj;k (felz)] cx+nkn] utQ+]djcyk (bjkd+) vkSj rsgjku] d+e] e'kgn] vLQ+gku] [+kjklku (bZjku)dk nkSjk fd;k- bu fcykn ds myek&vks&e'kkb[+k vkSj vekbnhus eqefydrls eqykd+krsa dh vkSj viuh rgjhd ds gd+ esa mudh fgek;r gkfly dh-bl lQ+j dh #nkn ßeqekfyds vjfc;k vkSj bZjku dk lQ+jukekÞ dsuke ls 1961 bZ0 esa djkph ls 'kk;s gqbZ gS- lQ+jukes ds eqrkY, lsvkyes&bLyke ds myek&vks&T+kksv~ek ds njE;ku ekSykuk vCnqy gkfencnk;wuh dh vgfe;rks od+v~r vkSj mudh bl rgjhd dh vkyexhfj;rdk vUnkt+k gksrk gS-

eSnkus fl;klr vkSj eSnkus f[+krkcr ds lkFk rLuhQ+&vks&rkyhQ+ dseSnku esa Hkh viuh lykfg;rksa ds uqd+w'k NksM+s] tks eq[+rfyQ+ nhuh vkSjfl;klh ekST+kwvkr ij vkt Hkh d+kSe&vks&feYyr ds fy;s e'kv~ys&jkg gSa-tks rlkuhQ+ vc rd gekjs bYe&vks&eqrkY, esa vkbZ gSa og gLcs&t+Sy gSa&


14

1- Q+ylQ+k&,&bcknkrs bLykeh (ercwvk rktqyQ+qgwy ,dsMeh] ebZ 2012 bZ0)2- rlghgqy&vd+kbn (rktqyQ+qgwy ,dsMeh bldks ̂ vd+kbn vgyslqUur* dsuke ls mnwZ vkSj fgUnh nksuksa t+ckuksa esa 'kk;s dj pqdh gS-)3- fuT+kkes&vey4- fdrkc&vks&lqUur x+Sjksa dh ut+j esa5- bLyke dh ft+jkv~rh fut+ke6- bLyke dk evk'kh fut+ke7- eqjD+d+k&,&dkaxzsl (ercwvk 1938 bZ0)8- e'kfjd+ dk ekT+kh o gky9- bfUr[+kkckr ds t+:jh igyw10- vytokcqy e'dwj (ercwvk rktqyQ+qgwy ,dsMeh 2013)11- bLykfed fiz;T+kZ (vaxzst+h)12- gqjers&lwn13- rkLlqjkrs nkSjk&,&:l14- rkLlqjkrs nkSjk&,&phu15- eq'khj&my&gqTtkt16- fc'k&f'k;T+e vkSj bLyke17- nkor&,&vey (;g fdrkc mnwZ esa gS- rktqyQ+qgwy ,dsMeh us bldksmnwZ ds vykok bafXy'k] fgUnh] xqtjkrh] ejkBh esa Hkh 'kk;s dj fn;k gS)18- tT+ckrs&gkfen fgLlk vOoy o nkse (etewvk&,&dyke ukv~rks&eukfd+c)19- lQ+jukek eekfyds vjfc;k o bZjku

ekSykuk us mywes&bLykfe;k dh rjoht&vks&b'kkv~r ds fy;s ,dvt+he eUlwcs ds rgr djkph esa ßtkfe;k rkyhekrs&bLykfe;kÞ d+kbeQ+jek;k-

1390 fg0@1970 bZ0 esa oQ+kr ikbZ- vkidh uekt+s&tukt+k 'ks[+kqy&e'kkb[+kl¸;n 'kkg eq[+rkj v'kjQ+ v'kjQ+h thykuh jgerqYykfg rvkyk vySfglkfgcs lTtknk ljdkjs dyk¡ fdNksNk 'kjhQ+ us i<+kbZ vkSj vius d+kbednkZbnkjs ßtkfe;k rkyhekrs&bLykfe;kÞ esa lqiqnsZ&[+kkd fd;s x,- d+;kesikfdLrku ds fy;s vkidh ftíks&tqgn ds ,rjkQ+ esa 1999 bZ0 esa gqdwersikfdLrku us vkids uke dk Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k gS-

q q q


15

eqd+nekt+ekuk ftls csgrj eqvfYye dgk x;k gS] og gj d+kSe dks lcd+ ns

jgk gS fd vius vUnj oyoyk&,&vey iSnk djs] iSnkb'kh rkd+rksa dks

dke esa ykdj vkxs c<+ks] eqnkZ tT+ckr dh ctk; bYeks&vey ls og

tT+ckr iSnk djks ftuls ft+Unxh dh :g rkt+k gks-

eqgfD+d+d+huks&eqLr'kfjd+hu (vaxzst+ ys[kd) Hkh viuh fnekx+h o t+guh]

vd+yh o fQ+Øh d+qOorksa ls ,slk jkLrk ekywe djuk pkgrs gSa tks ed+lwns

vlyh rd igq¡pk ns- pwafd md+wys&bUlkuh (bUlkuh vD+ysa) eq[+rfyQ+ gSa

blfy, rgd+hd+kr ds urkbtks&rtcsZ Hkh tqnk&tqnk lwjrksa esa :uqek gksrs gSa-

vkt ,d tekv~r ,d ut+fj;k d+kbe djrh gS nwljk fxjksg dy

mlds f[+kykQ+ d+kuwu cukrk gS-

bl reke ftíks&tqgn ds ckn bUlku ds lkeus oks gd+hd+r vk tkrh

gS ftldk uke et+gc ;k [+kqnkbZ d+kuwu gS- ;gh oks d+kuwu gS tks bUlkuh

r[+k¸;qykr (fQ+Øksa) ls cqyUn vkSj et+cwr gS vkSj ftls vklekuks&t+ehu

ds jc us bUlkfu;r ds fy;s vk[+kjh gQ+Z ds rkSj ij rtoht+ Q+jek;k-

et+gc uke gS bUlku dh ft+Unxh dks et+cwr vkSj geokj djus dk-

et+gc vxj ,d rjQ+ v[+kykd+ks&vknkr nq#Lr djrk gS rks nwljh tkfuc

rjD+d+h ds oks reke iks'khnk [+kt+kus crkrk gS tgk¡ t+kfgjh vk¡[k ugha igq¡p

ldrh- et+gc bUlku dks tkSgjs dkfey cukuk pkgrk gS- ,slk et+gc tks

ft+Unxh ds fdlh [+kkl 'kksv~cs dks nq#Lr dj lds] cfd+;k mewj (dkeksa)

esa jguqekbZ ds ykbd+ u gks] dke;kc ugha gks ldrk- u vD+y ck&vklkuh

dqcwy dj ldrh gS- et+gc ds fy;s t+:jh gS fd og nqfu;k ds lkeus

eqdEey fut+kes vey is'k djs rkfd bUlku ml nLrwj ij pydj

dke;kc gks vkSj ed+lwns g+;kr rd igq¡p lds- ;g bT+t+r flQZ+ dq+jvkus


16

djhe vkSj lhjrs ucfo;k dks gkfly gS fd mlus nqfu;k ds lkeus mEnk

jguqekbZ is'k Q+jekbZa-

vkt rgd+hd+ djus okys ftl gd+hd+r dh ryk'k esa ljxnkZa gSa]

uch&,&djhe lYyYykgq vySfg olYye 1300 lkS cjl igys bu reke

eqf'dykr dk gy is'k Q+jek pqds- eqlyekuksa ds m:t&vks&rjD+d+h dh

rkjh[+k xokg gS eDdk ds ckfn;k u'khu ftudh bfCrnkbZ gkyr Q+qd+jks&Q+kd+s

ls ycjst+ Fkh vkSj tks gt+jrs [+kRes fjlkyr :g+h ygqy fQ+nk ds

Q+St+s&lksgcrks&eb~;r vkSj viuh d+qOors vey dh cnkSyr gSjrvaxsT+k

rjfD+d+;k¡ dj x;s] mUgksaus dq+jvkuh fut+kes vey ij pydj t+ekus ls

rlyhe djk fy;k fd og vius ikl eqdEey d+kuwus g;kr j[krs gSa vkSj

bLyke gh lgh rjfD+d+;kr dk ejdt+ gS- dqjvku djhe vkt Hkh nqfu;k

dks i;ke ns jgk gS fd og lkjs tgku dk eqfLyg (bLykg djus okyk) gS

vkSj vius vUnj nqfu;k ds fy;s bYeks&vey dk [+kt+kuk j[krk gS-

bl ,yku ds ckn gj fnekx+ esa loky iSnk gksxk fd og fut+ke D;k

gS\ ;gh loky gekjh bl rkyhQ+ (fdrkc) dk eqgfjZd gqvk- et+hn cjvk¡

vkyhtukc uokc lj fut+ker tax cgknqj lkfcd+ ot+hjs fl;kfl;kr

gSnjkckn ndu] uokc elwn tax] MkW0 l¸;n jkl elwn lkgc ot+hjs

rkyhekr Hkksiky] vkyhejrcr feLVj 'kq,sc dqjS'kh eq'kh#y&egke fj;klrs

Hkksiky] uokc eqgEen bLekbZy [+kk¡ lkfcd+ izks&okbl pk¡lyj eqfLye

;wfuoflZVh vyhx<+ tSls eksgrje gt+jkr ds bj'kkn us etcwj fd;k fd

eSa ,d ,slh tkesv~ rkyhQ+ is'k d:¡ tks vk;kr&vks&vgknhl dh jkS'kuh

esa ft+Unxh ds gj 'kksv~cs ij gkoh gks vkSj ;g bYt+ke Hkh nQ+k gks tk,

myek&,&mEer tks eokn is'k djrs gSa og ;k rks bl ntkZ eqx+yd+ gksrk

gS ftls le>uk nq'okj gks ;k dke dh ckrsa de gok'kh t+kbn- ;k ft+Unxh

ds fy;s eqdEey 'kDy esa dksbZ ,slk fut+kes vey is'k ugha fd;k tkrk

ftls gekjs fnyks&fnekx+ dqcwy dj ldsa-

jkr&fnu ds d+kSeh o et+gch v'kx+ky (dkeksa) ds ckbl bl d+nj

vge rkyhQ+ dk eqdEey gksuk ukeqefdu ugha exj nq'okj t+:j Fkk-

[+kqnk&,&d+kfnjks eqD+rfnj dk Q+T+y gh 'kkfeys gky gqvk fd xqft+'rk ekgs


17

fl;ke esa ;g rkyhQ+ eqjRrc gks xbZ-

gekjh gj rgjhd dk nkjks&enkj dq+Oors vey ij gS- eqlyeku fdlh

t+ekus esa dqjvku vgdke dh ctkvkojh] brkv~rs ucoh esa t+cZqy&feLy

Fks- og bLykeh fut+ke dh rjohtks&rcyhx+ esa vius vey ls cfu;kus&

ejlwl dh rjg d+kbe gks tkrs Fks-

vkt ge bu okfd+vkr dks fd+Lls&dgkfu;k¡ le>dj Q+jkeks'k dj nsrs

gSa vkSj vius vUnj ekt+h ds gkykr ls fdlh fd+Le dh rCnhyh ugha djrs-;d+hu dhft;s ge jkst+ejkZ ftl brkv~rks eqgCcr dk nkok djrs gSa og

bfErgku vey dk eksgrkt gS- eqgCcr jLeh pht+ ugha cfYd eqgCcr ukegS jt+k&,&egcwc ds fy;s viuh gLrh Q+uk dj nsus dk-

;gk¡ bl gd+hd+r dks Hkh le> ysuk pkfg, fd bUlku ds uqD+rk&,&[+k;kyesa v'k;k&,&vkye ds eqQ+hn gksus dh nks lwjrsa gksrh gSa ;k rks og v'k;k

[+kqn gh ed+lwn fcT+t+kr gksa tSls x+Yyk ftldh gj gkyr esa t+:jr gksrhgS ;k ct+krs [+kqn rks eqQ+hnks&dkjvken u gksa ysfdu v'k;k&,&ejX+kwc cg

ds gqlwy dk t+fj;k gks ldrh gSa tSls #i;k fd mlls ek;qgrkt eqgS;kfd;k tkrk gS- bUlku dh lkjh dksf'k'ksa bu nks fd+Leksa ds gkfly djus esa

el:Q+ gSa- ;gh gky usfd;ksa dk gS] ckt+ usfd;k¡ ed+lwn fcT+t+kr gSa tSls&lPpkbZ] bUlkQ+] 'kQ+d+r] brkv~r ox+Sjk vkSj ckt+ muds gkfly djus dk

okLrk tSls uekt+ dk d+;ke&vks&dqÅ+n ;k jkst+s esa rdZs&fx+t+k ox+Sjk-mewfe;r ds lkFk dgk tk ldrk gS fd v[+kykd+h [+kwfc;k¡ ed+lwn fcT+t+kr

gSa vkSj et+gch bcknrsa muds rglhy dk t+fj;k-bcknrksa dh x+jt+ ;g gS fd bUlku ij mudk uqek;k¡ vlj vkSj

veyh Q+k;nk eqjRrc gks- uekt+ bl gSfl;r ls vnk dh tk, fd d+Ycesa [+kkSQ+&vks&[+kf'k;r iSnk gks] [+kqnkrlhZ vk;s] fdcz&vks&u[+kor dh ctk;

bUlkuh gennhZ o eqgCcr ds tT+ckr iSnk gksa] Q+okfg'k ds bjfrdkc ls,grjkt+ gks- D;k ;g equkflc gS ge uekt+ rks i<+sa vkSj nwljh cqjkb;k¡

rdZ u djsa] jkst+k j[ksa vkSj lcz&vks&fgYe dh ctk; X+kqLlk o cnfet+kthc<+ tk,- Q+g'kdykeh] x+hcr&vks&fdT+c c;kuh ls dke fy;k tk,]

t+dkr vnk dh tk, vkSj nwljs vge gqd+wd+s bckn ls :xnkZuh gks- Q+jht+k&,&gt ds ckn Hkh d+Yc [+kkSQ+s bykgh ls [+kkyh gks] bfUdlkjh o eqgCcr


18

dh txg cqX+T+kks&bukn ds tT+ckr iSnk gksa\

ru ijojh [+kqYd+ Q+T+kw¡ 'kqn t+ fj;kt+r

tqT+k xehZ vQ+rkj unkjn jet+k¡ gsp

bl ckc esa gqT+kwjs vuoj :gh ygqyfQ+nk dh rkyhe rks ;g crkrh gSa

fd flQ+Z x+hcr ls jkst+k] uekt+] oqT+kw lc dqN Q+kfln gks tkrs gSa-

bLyke us ftl d+nj Hkh vkekyks&bcknkr eqd+jZj fd;s gSa mudh x+jt+

bUlku ds v[+kykd+ks&vknkr dh nq#Lrh vkSj mlds vUnj eYdwrh flQ+kr

iSnk djuk gS- bcknrsa bUlku dks ed+lwns g;kr rd igq¡pkus ds fy;s

csgrjhu jkLrk crkrh gSa- vxj eqlyeku vgdkes bLyke ds ikcUn gksdj

vius vUnj og flQ+kr iSnk djsa ftuds fy, bLyke vk;k vkSj nqfu;k

esa mUgsa eqerkt+ dj x;k rks ;d+huu ekv~jQ+rs bykgh gkfly gksxh vkSj

ge rjfD+d+;s :gkuh vkSj bLykgs&ckfruh (fny dh bLykg) dh ml esjkts

deky ij igq¡p tk;saxs ftldk ge ls oknk fd;k x;k Fkk&

1- ßQ+eu dkuk ;jtw fyd+k v jfCcgh Q+y;v+ey v&e&yu lkfyguÞ

(vydgQ+ 110)- tc rd bcknrksa ds lkFk nwljs reke [+klkbys&gLuk iSnk

u gksa mudk lgh urhtk gkfly ugha gks ldrk-

esjs bu ek:t+kr ij vgknhls 'kjhQ+k dh jkS'kuh esa x+kSj Q+jekb;s&

2- ßftl 'k[+l dks mldh uekt+ us ukilUnhnk vkSj ed:g ckrksa ls u

jksdk mls vYykg ls vkSj Hkh T+;knk nwj dj fn;kÞ-

(vg;k, myweqíhu ft0 1] lq0 100)

3- ßcgqr ls ,sls d+;ke djus okys gSa fd mudh uekt+ ls mudks ctqt+

dks¶+r vkSj rdyhQ+ ds dqN gkfly ughaÞ-


4- ßcUns ds fy;s mldh uekt+ esa ls ogh gS tks mlus le>dj fd;kÞ-


5- ßcs'kd uekt+ [+kkdlkjh vkSj rokT+ks vkSj fxj;k&vks&t+kjh vkSj 'keZlkjh

gSÞ- (vg;k, myweqíhu ft0 1] lq0 100)

6- ßtks 'k[+l d+kSyu veyu >wB ugha NksM+rk vYykg rvkyk dks mldk

[kkuk ihuk NksM+us dh t+:jr ughaÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 1903)


19

vgknhls 'kjhQ+k ds eqrkY, ls ;g urhtk fudyrk gS fd tks uekt+]

jkst+k ed+lwn fcT+t+kr gSa tc rd bcknkr dh lgh dSfQ+;rks&fyT+t+r u

iSnk gks] bUlku [+klkbys jt+hyk (cqjh vknrksa) dks rdZ u djs og bcknkr

dh :g ugha ik ldrk- ;gh lcc gS fd ge uekt+] jkst+k] gt o t+dkr

dh vnk;xh ds ckotwn mu cjdkr ls eg:e gSa ftudk dqjvku djhe

vkSj vgknls ucfo;k us eqT+nk (gqDe) lquk;k Fkk-

fcyk'kqck eqfLye dh ft+Unxh vxj dqjvkuh fut+kes vey dh ikcUn

gks rks dke;kch o dkejkuh mlds d+ne pwesxh] fudyus okyk lwjt mlds

eukfd+c i<+rk gqvk rqywv~ gksxk- tc rd eqlyekuksa esa :g+s&g+;kr ekStwn

jgh og nqfu;k dh gj feYyr ls vkxs Fks] nqfu;k mudh 'kkfxnZ vkSj og

eqvfYye Fks- mudh veyh ft+Unxh rkjh[+k dk ges'kk tyh muoku cuh

jgh- mUgksaus viuh gh ft+Unxh dks nq#Lr ugha fd;k cfYd vkyes&bUlkfu;r

dh fd+Ler dks iyV fn;k- fcyk'kqck vkt Hkh muds ;gk¡ ;g reke [+kt+kus

vkSjkd+s&dqrqc esa egQ+wt+ gSa- ft+Unxh dh bLykg&vks&rjD+d+h dk gj 'kksv~ck

cntkZ vdey ekStwn gS- t+:jr veyh bd+nke vkSj dqjvkuh vk;kr o

vgknhl ds eqrkY, dh gS- d+kSesa vYQ+kt+ ls ugha cfYd vey ls curh gSa-

nqfu;k ds et+kfgcs bLykeh fut+kes vey ls eqreRrk gks jgs gSa vkSj

cs[+kcj eqlyeku vius ?kj dh nkSyr ls eg:e gksdj le> jgs gSa fd

muds ikl dksbZ nLrwjs g;kr ekStwn ugha- dk'k gekjs ukStoku bLyke ds

t+jhZa mlwy dk cx+kSj eqrkYvk Q+jek;sa rks mUgsa ekuuk iM+sxk fd nqfu;k esa

tks Hkh rgjhdkr iSnk gks jgh gSa og bLyke dk crk;k gqvk lcd+ gS-

eqlyekuksa dh t+:fj;krs ft+Unxh ij x+kSjks&fQ+Ø djrs gq, eSaus bl

fdrkc dh rkyhQ+ 'kq: dh] reke t+:jh muokukr dks vk;kr&vks&vgknhl

vkSj elkby ds lkFk tek dj fn;k rkfd i<+us okyksa dks lgwyr vkSj

bLykeh fut+kes vey ls okd+fQ+;r iSnk gks lds- bcknkr o Q+jkbT+k ox+Sjk

ds muokukr esa ,d gn rd rokyr gks xbZ] exj ;g og vge

t+:fj;kr gSa ftudh eqlyekuksa dks gj oD+r gktr gS fQj ;g fd

ckj&ckj bl fd+Le dh rkyhQ+kr dk 'kk;s djuk vklku ugha-

vk[+kjh ek:t+k&


20

eqvfYyQ+ dh ;g esgur b'kkvr&vks&rckv~r dh lÅcrksa ds ckotwn

vkidh f[+kner esa gkft+j gS- vxj vgys bYe] enkfjlks&edkfrc] vke

o [+kkl eqlyekuksa us bvkur Q+jekbZ rks nwljh eqQ+hn rlkuhQ+ is'k djus

dk ekSd+k gkfly gks ldsxk- [+kqnk&,&d+kfnjks&eqD+rfnj bl esgur dks dqcwy

vkSj Q+d+hj dks vey dh rkSQ+hd+ vrk Q+jek,-

eqefdu gn rd bl fdrkc esa iwjh esgur o tk¡ lkst+h o ,gfr;kr

ls dke fy;k x;k] eqefdu gS fdlh txg c'kjh x+Yrh gks tk;s- vxj

,slh dksbZ lwjr ukt+jhu dks ekywe gks rks Q+d+hj dks eqRryk Q+jek,¡] nwljh

b'kkv~r esa bLykg dj nh tk,xh-

eqvfjZ[+kk 11 ft+yfgTtk 1354 fg0 eqrkfcd+ 6 ekpZ 1936 bZ0 njs lQ+j

mTtSu o lwjr rgjhj uewn

Q+d+hj eqgEen vCnqy gkfen d+knjh eqbZuh cnk;wuh

[+kkfne nk#RrluhQ+ ekSYoh eqgYyk] cnk;w¡


21

iSnkb'k] cPpksa dh rjfc;r] vd+hd+k oX+kSjkbLyke ,d ,slk fut+kes&vey dk uke gS ftlesa bUlku dh iSnkb'k

ls ysdj ekSr rd dk fut+kes&vey ekStwn gS- bl fjlkys dh rkyhQ+ dk

ed+ln Hkh ;gh gS fd vOoy ls vkf[+kj rd Q+jkbt+ o bcknkr]

,rd+knkr] mlwyks&Q+jkbt+ vkSj eqfLye dh ft+Unxh dk gj muoku vcokc

ds ekrgr vk;krs dqjvkfu;k vkSj vgknhls ucfo;k dh jkS'kuh esa vk

tk, vkSj tks t+:jh r'kjhgkr vkSj elkby gksa mudks is'k dj fn;k tk;s

rkfd gj 'k[+l bl ,d fjlkys dks i<+dj bLykeh fut+kes&vey ls

okfd+Q+ gks tk,- vc ge cpiu dh ft+Unxh ls fjlkys dk vkx+kt+ djrs

gSa-

iSnkb'k& tc fdlh eqlyeku ds ?kj cPpk iSnk gks rks mlds ugykus/kqykus ds ckn nkfgus dku esa vt+ku] ck;sa esa bd+ker (rdchj) ^g¸;k

v+yy Q+ykg+* ds ckn ^d+nd+k efrLlyk* dgsa

gt+jr l¸;nuk beke glu jft+;Yykgq vUgq ds dku esa ljdkjs

fjlkyr&evkc lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us vt+ku o bd+ker Q+jekbZ-

vxj ?kj dk dksbZ cqT+kqxZ dgs rks T+;knk csgrj gS- cPps ds dku esa lc ls

igyh tks vkokt+ igq¡ps oks [+kqnk dk uke gks-

myek us vt+ku o bd+ker ds vykok nqvk;sa Hkh i<+us ds fy, ud+y

Q+jekbZ gSa&

nqvk,sa&vYykgqEet&v+ygq cjZu rfd+;u o vacrgq fQ+y bLykes uckrk gluk-

;kuh ,s vYykg! rw bldks usd vkSj ikd dj vkSj bLyke esa vPNh

rjg ijofj'k ik,-

mbZT+kqgq fcYykfgl&len feu 'kfjZ g+kflfnu bt+k g+ln


22

;kuh bl cPps dks vYykg dh iukg esa nsrk gw¡ tks gln djus okyksa

dh cqjkbZ vkSj gln ls ikd vkSj csfu;kt+ gS-

vYykgqEek bUuh m+bZ+T+kqgq fcdk o T+kqfjZ¸;rqgq feu'k&'kSrku

;kuh [+kqnkoUnk! bl cPps vkSj bldh uLyksa dks 'kSrku dh 'kjkjrksa ls

egQ+wt+ jgus ds fy, rsjh iukg esa nsrk gw¡-

vd+hd+k& vd+hd+k djuk lqUur gS- bLyke ls igys t+ekuk&,&tkfgfy;resa Hkh bldk nLrwj Fkk- ml oD+r tkuoj dk [+kwu cPps ds lj ls yxk;k

tkrk Fkk- bLyke pwafd bl fd+Le dh [+kjkfc;ksa dks nwj djus vk;k] bl

fy, gqT+kwj ikd us tkfgfy;r dh cqjh jLeksa dks feVkdj tks vPNh ckrsa

Fkha mudks ckd+h j[kk- ?kj ds cqT+kqxZ dks pkfg;s fd oks vt+ku ox+Sjk nsdj

'kgn ;k [ktwj] Nqvkjk pckdj cPps ds rkyw esa yxk ns- iSnk gksus ds ckn

ls lkrosa fnu vd+hd+k djuk pkfg;s- vxj fdlh otg ls lkrosa fnu u

gks lds rks 14osa ;k 21osa fnu djs- yM+ds dh rjQ+ ls nks cdjs ;k nks esa<s]

nqacs] yM+dh dh tkfuc ls ,d- tkuoj dq+ckZuh dh rjg lgh o rUn#Lr

vkSj Q+ckZ gksuk pkfg,- ljdkjs nks vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

gt+jr beke glu vySfgLlyke ds vd+hd+s esa nks esa<s dq+ckZu fd;s- gqT+kwj

l¸;nk Q+kRek jft+;Yykgq vugk dks gqDe fn;k cPpksa dk lj eq.Mk dj

ckyksa ds ge ot+u pkanh [+kSjkr dj nsa- vd+hd+s dk tkuoj cki [+kqn ft+cg

djs] vxj dksbZ x+Sj Hkh dj ns rks tkbt+ gS-

ft+cg djrs oD+r ;g nqvk i<+s&

vYykgqEek gkft+fg vd+hd+rq bCuh (Q+yk¡) ;k fcfUr (yM+dh dk uke) negk

fcnek&fg o yg+eqgk fcyg+fefg o vt+eqgk fcvt+fefg o tYnqgk fctfYnfg

'kv~jUgk fc'kv~jgh vYykgqEet&v+ygk fQ+nkvu ys&bCuh (;k) fybcufr

feuUukj fcfLefYykfg vYykgq vdcj-

vxj yM+dk gS rks Q+yk¡ dh txg mldk uke ysa] yM+dh gS rks mldk

uke ysa- vd+hd+s dk xks'r ,d frgkbZ [+kSjkr djns] ckd+h nks frgkbZ dPpk

rd+lhe djns ;k idk dj vgckcks&fj'rsnkjksa dks f[kyk,- ek¡] cki] nknk]

nknh] ukuk] ukuh ;s yksx tks xks'r ugha [kkrs gSa bldh x+jt+ Q+d+r bl

d+nj gS fd vius cPps dh tku dk fQ+n;k o ln~d+k Fkk] [+kqn vius lnd+s


23

esa ls fcyk t+:jr D;ksa [kk;sa] ysfdu 'kjv+u euk ugha gS- tkuoj dh gìh

u rksM+uh pkfg,-

lkrosa fnu uke j[kuk Hkh lqUur gS- gqT+kwj ikd lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye vkSj vkids lgkck ds ukeksa ij uke j[kuk pkfg,- ?kklh] cq¼w]

uRFkw] [+kS:] dYyw ox+Sjk tSls cqjs ukeksa ls cpuk pkfg,- [+kjkc ukeksa dks

gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye rCnhy Q+jek fn;k djrs Fks- uke

dk vlj uke okys ds vUnj gksrk gS- vtc ugha fd mEnk vkSj cqjs ukeksa

dk vlj cPps dh vknkr ij iM+s-

vxj bUlku dh gSfl;r gks rks bl ekSd+s ij nkor dj ldrk gS tks

euk ugha- ,sls ekSd+s ij lwnh d+t+Z ysdj rd+jhckr djuk ekv~fl;r

(xqukg) gS-

vgknhls&vd+hd+k&1- glu] leqjk ls fjok;r djrs gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

Q+jek;k yM+dk vius vd+hd+s ds cnys fxjoha jgrk gS- lkrosa fnu mldh

rjQ+ ls tkuoj ft+cg fd;k tk, vkSj mldk uke j[kk tk, vkSj lj

ewaMk tk,- (tkesv~ f=fet+h] gnhl ua0 522)

2- gt+jr lyeku fcu vkfej t+ch fjok;r djrs gSa fd eSaus vk¡gt+jr

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls lquk vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

Q+jek;k yM+ds dh iSnkb'k ds lkFk vd+hd+k gS- mldh rjQ+ ls [+kwu cgkvks

vkSj ckyksa ox+Sjk dh xUnxh nwj djks- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 5472)

xUnxh nwj djus dk gqDe blh elfygr ls Q+jek;k fd cPpk ek¡ ds

isV esa ftu xUnfx;ksa ds lkFk Fkk mlh dks ysdj ckgj vkrk gS] tc rd

lkQ+ u fd;k tk,xk xUnxh jgsxh- blhfy, X+kqLy o [+kruk ox+Sjk dk gqDe

fn;k x;k-

3- vcwnkÅn o ulkbZ esa ;w¡ gh vk;k gS fd gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k ftlds ;gk¡ cPpk iSnk gks rks eSa ilUn djrk gw¡ fd mldh

tkfuc ls dqckZuh dh tk,] yM+ds dh rjQ+ ls nks cdfj;k¡ vkSj yM+dh dh

rjQ+ ls ,d cdjh- (lquu ulkbZ] gnhl ua0 4217)

[+kruk& [+kruk Hkh f'kvkjs&bLykeh gS- csgrj ;gh gS fd NksVh mez esa


24

[+kRuk fd;k tk,- Q+qd+gk us gqDe fn;k gS fd tks yksx [+kRuk u djk;sa muls

ckn'kkgs&bLyke eqd+kfryk (tax) djs- blds fy, dksbZ [+kkl oD+r eqd+jZj

ugha gS] vycRrk vxj 'kq: esa gh [+kRuk dj fn;k tk;s rks cgqr lh

chekfj;ksa ls NqVdkjk gks tk;sxk-

cPps dh rjfc;r o nw/k fiykbZ&cPpksa dh rjfc;r dk elyk bl nkSj esa eq[+rfyQ+ lwjrksa ds lkFk

rkYyqd+ j[krk gS ftu ij rfCljs dk ;g ekSd+k ugha- gesa flQ+Z bl d+nj

vt+Z djuk gS fd okYnSu ds fy;s cPpksa dh rjfc;r dk t+ekuk gh og

t+ekuk gksrk gS vxj mldks lgh jkLrs ij yxk;k tk, rks cPps dkjvken

gks ldrs gSa- bl flyflys esa okYnSu ds fy, lcls T+;knk t+:jh elyk ;g

gS fd og cPpksa ds lkeus viuk [+kqn csgrj uewuk is'k Q+jek;sa rkfd

cPpksa dh rjch;r ij nksgjk vlj gks- ,d dke ls ek¡&cki cPps dks euk

djsa vkSj [+kqn ml ij vey u djrs gksa] bl lwjr esa cPpk fQ+rjru

[+k;ky djsxk fd vxj ;g pht+ cqjh gksrh rks lcls igys ek¡&cki D;ksa

mls rdZ D;ksa ugha djrs-

cPpksa ds fny ij ek¡&cki bfCrnk (cpiu) ls tks uD+'k d+kbe djsaxs og

ges'kk jgsxk- vxj muds fny esa okYnSu us usd ckrsa Mky nha rks lvknrs

nhuh o nqfu;oh budks gkfly gksxh vkSj vxj x+Q+yr ls vkSykn fcxM+ xbZ]

cqjksa dh lksgcr esa iM+h jgh rks t+:j [+kqnk dh ukQ+jekfu;k¡ djsxh-

cPpk tc t+cku [kksys rks lcls igys vYykg dgyok;sa vkSj vkfgLrk

vkfgLrk mldks usd o cn ls okfd+Q+ djsa- ckr&ckr ij cPpksa dk ekjuk

x+yr gS- ctk; eksgey (fQ+T+kwy) vkSj csvly rksrk eSuk dh dgkfu;k¡

lqukus ds et+gch] v[+kykd+h o bLykgh rkjh[+kh fd+Lls lquk;s tk;sa rkfd

mlds fny esa bfCrnk ls tks'ks&et+gc] ikls&x+Sjr] vT+e&vks&bLrd+yky]

cgknqjh] vYykg dh Q+jek¡cjnkjh] eqgCcrs ucfo;k ds tT+ckr iSnk gksa]

vxj bl jax ij cPpksa dh rjfc;r dh tk, rks fQj ;g cPps vkx

pydj d+kSe ds csgrjhu Q+jt+Un dgyk, tk ldrs gSa- dksbZ Ldwy ;k

enjlk cPpksa dh bLykg ml oD+r rd ugha dj ldrk tc rd okYnSu

viuh ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ vnk u djsa-


25

jT+kkv~r (nw/k fiykbZ) vk;kr&rtZqek& tks 'k[+l viuh vkSykn dks iwjh eqír rd nw/k fiyokuk

pkgs rks mldh [+kkfrj ek;sa viuh vkSykn dks iwjs nks cjl

nw/k fiyk;sa ftldk og cPpk gS] mlij nLrwj (d+kuwu) ds

eqrkfcd+ ek¡vksa dk [kkuk&diM+k nsuk ykft+e gS-fdlh dks rdyhQ+

u nh tk, exj ogha rd fd mldh xqatkb'k gks- ek¡ dks cPps

dh otg ls uqd+lku u igq¡pk;k tk,- nw/k fiykus dk uku&vks&

uqQ+d+k (eqvkot+k) tSlk vlyh cki ij gS oSlk okfjl ij gS-

vxj oD+r ls igys nw/k NqVkuk pkgsa rks mu ij dqN xqukg ugha-

vxj (nk;k dk) nw/k fiyokuk pkgks rks rqe ij dqN xqukg ugha

c'krsZ fd nLrwj ds eqrkfcd+ nsuk r; fd;k Fkk] muds gokys

djnks- vYykg ls Mjrs jgks] tku yks tks dqN rqe djrs gks [+kqnk

mldks ns[k jgk gS- (lwjg cd+jg % 233)

bu vk;kr esa jt+kv~r (nw/k fiyokbZ) ds elkby ox+Sjk c;ku fd;s

x;s- nw/k fiykus okyh vkSjr esa eqefdu gn rd reke ckrksa dk [+k;ky

j[kuk t+:jh gS fd mlds rkSj&rjhd+s dSls gSa\ gLc&vks&uLc D;k gS\

rkfd cPps ij bu mewj (ckrksa) dk vlj u iM+s- ftl rjg nw/k dh

[+kjkch dk vlj cPps dh lsgr ij gksxk mlh rjg vkeky dk vlj cPps

dh vknkr ij Hkh gksxk- nw/k fiykus dh eqír T+;knk ls T+;knk nks lky gS]

blds vgdke bl vk;r esa c;ku fd;s x;s- vxj ek¡ dks mT+j u gks rks

mlds ft+Ees nw/k fiykuk okftc gS- vxj rykd+ ds ckn bír xqt+j pqdh

rks fcyk mtjr nw/k fiykuk okftc ugha- nwljksa dh feLy vxj mtjr

ekaxs rks cki dks nsuk gksxh- vxj ek¡ nw/k fiykus ls bUdkj djs rks mldks

etcwj u fd;k tk,xk- gk¡ vxj fiykuk pkgs rks cki dks tkbt+ ugha fd

og nwljh vkSjr dk nw/k fiyok,- cki ds gksrs cPps dk [+kpZ cki ds ft+Ees

gS] mlds ckn vxj cPps dk eky gks rks mlls ojuk mlds vbT+t+k

(fj'rsnkj) ox+Sjk ds ft+Ees- eq'kfjdk o uljkfu;k vkSjr dk nw/k gjfxt+

u fiyok,¡-


26

vgknhl&1- gt+jr vul jft+0 jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k

tks 'k[+l nks yM+fd;ksa dk muds ckfyx+ gksus rd dQ+hy (ft+Eesnkj) jgk

d+;ker ds jkst+ eSa vkSj og 'k[+l bl rjg vk,axs tSls esjh mafXy;k¡ (;kuh

eSa vkSj og csgn d+jhc gksaxs)- (lg+h eqfLye] gnhl ua0 6695)

2- gt+jr bCus vCckl Q+jekrs gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

bj'kkn Q+jek;k ftlds gk¡ csVh gks mlus mldks u rks ft+Unk nQ+u fd;k]

u ft+Yyr dh gkyr esa j[kk] u csVksa dks ml ij rjthg nh] [+kqnk rvkyk

mldks tUur esa nkf[+ky djsxk- (lquu vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua0 5146)

rkyhe o vnc&1- gt+jr tkfcj fcu leqjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k fd vkneh dks viuh vkSykn dks vnc fl[kkuk

,d lkv~ [+kSjkr ls csgrj gS- ;kuh NksVh&NksVh usd ckrksa ij Hkh lokc

feysxk- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1951)

2- gt+jr v¸;wc fcu ewlk vius okfyn ls jkoh gSa vkSj og vius tí

ls] gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k fdlh okfyn us viuh

vkSykn dks usd vnc ls csgrj dksbZ rksgQ+k ugha fn;k- (tkesv~ frjfet+h]

gnhl ua0 1952)

vkSykn ds lkFk eqgCcr o 'kQ+d+r&3- lghgSu esa gt+jr vul jft+0 fjok;r djrs gSa fd gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye gt+jr bczkghe (lkgct+kns) dh fet+ktiqlhZ dks vcw ;wlqQ+

yksgkj ds ?kj (ftudh choh lkgct+kns dks nw/k fiykrh Fkha) r'kjhQ+ ys x,

vkius xksn esa ysdj pwek vkSj muds psgjs ij viuk psgjk vkSj ukd bl

rjg j[kh fd xks;k dksbZ 'k[+l fdlh pht+ dks lwa?k jgk gS] mlds ckn tks

fQj gekjk ogk¡ tkuk gqvk rks bczkghe gkyrs&ut+v~ esa Fks vkSj gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw cg jgs Fks] gt+jr bCus vkSQ+

us vt+Z dh ;k jlwyqYykg! vki jks jgs gSa\ Q+jek;k ,s bCu vkSQ+! ;g

jger dk vlj gS vkSj Q+jekus yxs vk¡[k vk¡lw cgkrh gS vkSj fny

x+exhu gksrk gS vkSj ge ogh djrs gSa ftlls gekjk jc jkt+h gksrk gS vkSj


27

,s bczkghe! ge rsjh tqnkbZ esa x+exhu gSa- (lgh cq[+kkjh gnhl ua0 1303)

cq[+kkjh esa cfjok;r gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS

,d ckj gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye tukc beke glu jft+;Yykgq

vUgq dks I;kj Q+jek jgs Fks] gkfcl dk Q+jt+Un vd+jv~ reheh us dgk

esjs rks nl Q+jt+Un gSa] exj eSaus muesa ls ,d dks Hkh dHkh ugha pwek] ;g

lqudj vkius mldh rjQ+ ns[kk vkSj Q+jek;k&

4- ßtks fdlh ij esgjckuh ugha djrk ml ij [+kqnk Hkh esgjckuh ugha

Q+jekrkÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 5997)

gt+jkr gluSu (g0 beke glu&gqlSu) vySfgeqLlyke dks xksn esa ysdj

Q+jekrs&

5- ß[+kqnkoUnk! bu nksuksa ij ut+js&dje Q+jekuk] D;ksafd eSa buds lkFk

esgjckuh ls is'k vkrk gw¡Þ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 6003)

6- gt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vugk Q+jekrh gSa esjs ikl

,d vkSjr ekaxus vkbZ] mlds gejkg nks cfPp;k¡ Fkha] exj esjs ikl flok;

,d [ktwj ds vkSj dqN u Fkk] eSaus mldks og [ktwj nsnh] vkSjr us

vk/kh&vk/kh [ktwj mu nksuksa esa rd+lhe djnh vkSj [+kqn dqN u [kk;k vkSj

mBdj pyh xbZ- eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh f[+kner esa bl

okfd+;s dks c;ku fd;k rks vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks

'k[+l bu yM+fd;ksa dh otg ls rdyhQ+ cnkZ'r djs vkSj muds lkFk usd

lqywd djrk gS rks ;g mlds fy, nkst+[+k dh vkx ls jksd vkSj inkZ gks

tk;saxh- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 5995)

fjlkys dk flyflyk&,&rjrhc ;g Fkk fd cpiu gh ds t+ekus esa

t+:jh&t+:jh elkby o vgdke ls okYnSu cPpksa dks ck[+kcj djnsa- vc

ge ;gk¡ bZeku ds ckc ds rgr t+:jh vjdku ox+Sjk dk c;ku djsaxs-

ftl rjg gj pht+ ds mlwy gksrs gSa bLyke ds Hkh mlwy&vks&vjdku

gSa ftu ij mldh cqU;kn d+kbe gS- tc rd budk oqtwn lkfcr u gksxk

bLyke lkfcr u gksxk- bl vt+heq''kku fd+ys ds tks cqU;knh lqrwu gSa igys

mudks le>uk vkSj ;kn djuk t+:jh gS-


28

bZeku&vks&bLykebZeku&vks&bLyke dks vxjps vgys yqx+r nks tqnk&tqnk y¶+t+ Bgjrs

gSa] exj urhtk nksuksa dk ,d gS- blh fy, 'kjhv~r esa ,d dh txg nwljs

dks cksyk tkrk gS- tks eqlyeku gS mls eksfeu Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj tks eksfeu

gS mls eqfLye Hkh dgrs gSa- bZeku fny ls rLnhd+ djus dk uke gS vkSj

bLyke t+kfgjh vkeky ds ctk ykus dk-

;w¡ rks ,d 'k[+l flQ+Z ßyk bykgk bYyYykg eqgEenqjZlwyqYykgÞ i<+us

ls nkf[+kys bLyke gks tk,xk] ysfdu nwljs dYeksa ls bZekuh d+qOor T+;knk

gksrh gS ftlds eqrkfYyd+ viuh&viuh txg vgknhl ntZ gksaxh-

bLyke dh cqU;kn ik¡p pht+ksa ij gS&

(1) dYek r¸;ck i<+uk] [+kqnk dks ,d vkSj rUgk gksus dks ekuuk]

gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds jlwy gksus dh rLnhd+ djuk-

(2) uekt+ i<+uk-

(3) t+dkr nsuk-

(4) g+t djuk-

(5) ekgs&jet+ku ds jkst+s j[kuk- vc bUgh vjdku dks vkxs c;ku

fd;k tkrk gS-

igyk #dqu bZekudYek&,&r¸;c& ßyk bykgk bYyYykg eqgEenqjZlwyqYykgÞ & ugha gSdksbZ ekcwn d+kfcys&ijfLr'k (bcknr) exj flok; vYykg ds- eqgEen

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye mlds jlwy gSa-

dYek&,&'kgknr& ßv'kgnq v¡Yyk bykgk bYyYykg o v'kgnq vUukeqgEenu vCnqgw o jlwyqgÞ & eSa xokgh nsrk gw¡ fd bcknr ds d+kfcy

vYykg gh gS vkSj eqgEen lYyYykgq vySfg olYye mlds cUns o jlwy

gSa-

dYek&,&rEthn& ßlqCgkuYykfg oygEnq&fyYykfg oyk bykgk bYyYykgqoYykgq vdcj oyk g+kSyk oyk dq+Oork bYyk fcYykfgy vfyf¸;y vt+heÞ&

ikdh o gEn [+kqnk&,&rvkyk dks gS vkSj dksbZ ekcwns cjgd+ ugha exj mlh

dh ,d t+kr ds vkSj vYykg rvkyk lcls cM+k gS- u fdlh ls dq+Oor


29

vkSj u fdlh rjQ+ #tw gS] exj vYykg dh rjQ+ tks cM+h vt+er

okyk gS-

dYek&,&rkSghn& ßyk bykgk bYyYykgq og+ngw yk 'kjhdk ygq ygqyeqYdq o&y&gqy gEnq o gqok v+yk dqfYy 'kSbu d+nhjÞ & dksbZ ekcwns cjgd+ctqT+k [+kqnk dh t+kr ds ugha] og ;drk gS mldk dksbZ 'kjhd ugha] mlhdh lYrur o gqdwer gS] mlh ds fy, rkjhQ+ gS vkSj og gj pht+ ijd+kfnj gS-

dYek&,&rethn& ßlqCgkuYykfg o&fc&gfEnfg lqCgkuYykfgy vt+heo&fc&gfEnfg vLrx+fQ+#Yykfg jCch feu dqfYy T+kafcao o vrwcq bySgÞ &vYykg gh dks ikdh gS vkSj ogh rkjhQ+ dk gd+nkj gS- [+kqnk, vt+he dsfy, ikdh gS ogh d+kfcys rkjhQ+ gS- eSa vYykg ls vius lc xqukgksa dhcf[+'k'k dh nqvk ek¡xrk gw¡-dYek&,&jís dqÝ+& ßvYykgqEek bUuh vÅ+T+kq fcdk feu vu m'kfjdkfcdk 'kS;vao o vuk vv+yeq fcfg oLrx+fQ+#dk fyek yk vv+yeq fcfgrqCrq v+Ugq rcjZv~rq feuy dqfÝ+ of''kfdZ oy ev+klh dqfYygk o vlyErqo vfeUrq o vd+wyq yk bykgk bYyYykg eqgEenqjZlwyqYykgÞ & [+kqnkoUnk!eSa rsjs lkFk fdlh dks tku cw>dj 'kjhd djus dh ekQ+h o iukg ek¡xrkgw¡ vkSj rq>h ls rkfycs ex+fQ+jr gw¡] mu xqukgksa ls tks uknkfuLrk (Hkwys ls)ljt+n gq,] dqÝ+ks&f'kdZ vkSj lc xqukgksa ls rkSck djrk gw¡- eSaus bLyke

bf[+r;kj fd;k vkSj dgrk gw¡ fd ugha gS dksbZ ekcwn flok;s vYykg dsvkSj eqgEen lYyYykgq vySfg olYye [+kqnk ds jlwy gSa-dYek&,&bfLrX+kQ+kj& ßvLrx+fQ+#Yykgk jCch feu dqfYy T+kafc vt+uCrgqv&e&nu vkSj [+k&r&vu fljZu o v+ykfu;rao o vrwcq bySfg feut+t+afcYyt+h vv+yeq o feut+ t+afcYyt+h yk vv+yeq bUudk v+YykeqyX+kq;wfc o x+¶+Q+kfjT+T+kquwfc o d'kkfQ+y d+qywfc oyk g+kSyk oyk dq+Oork bYykfcYykfgy vfyf¸;y vt+heÞ & eSa vius mu reke xqukgksa ls tks d+lnu;k Hkwypwd ls ljt+n gq,] t+kfgj esa ;k lcls iks'khnk fd;s] [+kqnk lsex+fQ+jr pkgrk gw¡ vkSj [+kqnkoUnk rw iks'khnk pht+ksa dk tkuus okyk] xqukgksadk c[+'kus okyk vkSj fnyksa dk [kksyus okyk gS- dksbZ dq+Oorks&rkd+r ughagS exj jCcqy bTt+r lkfgcs vt+er gh dh rkd+r gS-


30

bu dYeksa ls eqlyekuksa ds fny esa rkt+xh o T+;knrh bZeku iSnk gksrh gS-bZeku&,&eqtfEey& ßvkeUrq fcYykfg dek gqok fc&vLek&bfg o flQ+kfrfgo d+fcYrq tehv+k vg+dkfefgÞ & eSa [+kqnk ij vkSj mlds vLek&vks&flQ+kr(ukeksa o rkjhQ+) ij bZeku yk;k vkSj eSaus mlds vgdke dks dqcwy fd;k-bZeku&,&eqQ+Lly& ßvkeUrq fcYykfg o eykb&dfrfg o dqrqfcfg o#lqfyfg oy ;kSfey vkf[+kfj oy d+fnz [+kSfjfg o 'kfjZfg feuYykfg rv+kykoy c&v+fl cv+ny ekSfrÞ & eSa [+kqnk ij mlds Q+fj'rksa] mldh fdrkcksa]jlwyksa] d+;ker ds fnu vkSj rD+nhjs&bykgh ij bZeku yk;k- mlds gksus lsigys [+kqnk tkurk gS vkSj bZeku yk;k ejus ds ckn ft+Unk gksus ij-

vd+kbnfiNys lQ+gkr esa bZeku&,&,rd+kn ds og dYes ftuesa vd+kbn dh

lc mlwyh o cqU;knh pht+sa vk xbZa] ntZ gks pqds gSa- exj ;gk¡ mudh ,dvySfgnk&vySfgnk ot+kgr dh tk,xh rkfd gj #dqu dh gd+hd+r ekywegks tk,-vYykg& bUlku gks'k laHkkydj viuh mu reke fQ+rjh rkd+rksa dst+fj;s tks mls vYykg rvkyk us vrk dha vkSj ftudh cnkSyr mldk#rck&vks&,t+kt+ vf'kZ;ksa (Q+fj'rksa) ls vQ+t+yks&vkyk gks x;k vkSjv'kjQqye[+kywd+kr Bgjk;k x;k- bl dkj[+kkuk&,&vkye dh gj ckr dks

tc le> ysrk gS rks mldh gd+hd+r esa fuxkgs d+Yc esa ;g dSfQ+;r iSnkgksrh gS fd ^gj 'k; vius cukus okys ds oqtwn dks iqdkjrh gS*] dHkh rksog ygygkrs gq, peuksa dks ns[kdj gSjku gks tkrk gS] dHkh lCt+k t+kjksaij mldh fuxkg gSjr ls te tkrh gS vkSj mldk fny jax&fcjax ds Qwyksadh egd ij ekby gksdj dgrk gS fd D;k t+ehu dh dq+Oor] ikuh dhrkd+r] ckx+cku dh esgur us ;g lCt+k yxk fn;k gS\ ogk¡ ls gVdj ogcgrs >juksa] mcyrs p'eksa] [+kkSQ+ukd leUnjksa ds mrkj&p<+ko dks ns[kdjlksprk gS fd D;k ;gh esjk ed+lns&vlyh gSa\ ;gk¡ Hkh mldk fnyeqRebu ugha gksrk rks og t+ehu ls fuxkgsa cpkdj rkjksa ls ckrsa djrk gS-vpkud mlds lkeus pedrk gqvk pkan uewnkj gksrk gS ftldh jkS'kuh esareke flrkjs viuh j¶+rkj dk rek'kk fn[kkrs gq, viuh efUt+ys lQ+j[+kRe djrs gSa vkSj ;g gd+ dks ryk'kus okyk iqdkjus yxrk gS& bUuh yk


31

mfg+Ccqy v&Q+&ySfu-x+jt+ lcdks ns[kdj vkSj gj rjQ+ uD+y&vks&gjdr ds ckn fQj ogh

,d 'k;s&bUlkuh fnekx+ks&d+Yc esa gjdr djrh gS fd bu lc e[+kywd+krls vjQ+k&vks&vkyk dksbZ rkd+r gS tks esjs nnZ dk enkok vkSj et+Z dh nokgS- d+Yc iqdkjrk gS fd og vYykg gS-

dqjkus djhe us bUlkuh le> ds eqrkfcd+ txg&txg jkst+ejkZ dhfelkysa nsdj [+kqnk ds oqtwn dh cs'kqekj nyhysa nh gSa- vc jgh ;g ckr fdvYykg D;k gS\ bls eq[+rlju ;w¡ le> yks vYykg rvkyk ges'kk lsekStwn gS] ges'kk jgus okyk gS- ;g ugha fd fdlh us mldks ekStwn fd;k]og ges'kk ls gS ges'kk jgsxk vkSj lc gkfnl (Q+kuh) gSa- ,d oD+r ,slkFkk fd dksbZ u Fkk fQj mldh d+qnjrks&gqDe ls ekStwn gks x,- vc fQj,slk oD+r vk,xk fd [+kqnk ds flok dksbZ ckd+h u jgsxk] tks d+nhe&vks&vt+yhgS ogh jgsxk& gqoy vOoyq oy vkf[+k# oT+t+kfg# oy ckfruq (vygnhn%3)

u og fdlh dk cki gS u mldk dksbZ cki gS- og fdlh dk eksgrktugha lc mlh ds rkcsv~&vks&Q+jek¡cjnkj gSa- vYykg dk dksbZ 'kjhd ugha]mlh dk oqtwn okftcqy oqtwn gS vkSj bl yk;d+ gS fd mldh bcknrks&cUnxhdh tk,- bUlku dh reke rnchjsa o t+guh o fQ+Øh bfrZd+k] rjfD+d+;kr&vks&

bZtknkr dh reke cqyUn&ijokft+;k¡ mldh dq+Oorks&dqnjr ds eqd+kcys esalrgh o det+ksj gSa-

bl eq[+rlj lh dSfQ+;r ds lkFk ,sls oqtwn dh dqN flQ+kr Hkh gSa vkSjog vius flQ+krh ukeksa ls iqdkjk tkrk gS- ft+Unxh] bYe] dq+njr] bjknk]lquuk] ns[kuk] dyke djuk] iSnk djuk ;g lc flQ+kr Hkh mldh d+nhegSa- tgkyr] >wB vkSj reke ,sch flQ+kr t+krs bykgh esa ugha vkSj u mudk gksuk eqefdu- og ftLe&vks&tkSgj ox+Sjk ls ikd gS- t+ekuk&,&ftgrls Hkh eqcjkZ (ikd) gS-

;g ckr fd og v'kZ ls Åij gS bldk eryc ;g ugha fd mldhftgr gS- v'kZ vkSj v'kZ ds vykok tks dqN gS og mldh e[+kywd+ gS- ogv'kZ ;k v'kZ ds vykok fdlh pht+ esa egnwn ugha- v'kZ esa e[+kywd+kr lsT+;knk uwjkfu;r gS bl rkSj ij v'kZ vkbZuk&,&t+gwj] vt+er&vks&fdfcz;kbZ

gS] ojuk v'kZ vkSj nhxj e[+kywd+ e[+kywd+ gksus ds fygkt+ ls cjkcj gSa-


32

d+Ycs&eksfeu esa Hkh mldh rtfYy;kr ekStwn gSa& ̂ ug+uq vd+jcq bySfg feugfCyy ojk* & ge mldh 'kgs jx ls Hkh T+;knk d+jhc gSa- (d+kQ+% 16)mldh uT+nhdh o dq+cZ dh xokg gS-

[+kqnk fdlh etew, dk uke ugha ftls bfRrgkns&lyklk cki] csVk]:g+qydq+nql ;k :g+] ekík tSls oqtwnksa dks d+nhe&fcT+t+kr ekudj rhuksa dsetew, dk uke [+kqnk j[ksa- u og fdlh esa gqywy fd;s gq, gS] u mldsfgLls gks ldrs gSa- eq[+rlj ;g gS fd vYykg rvkyk viuh t+kr&vks&flQ+kresa csfeLy gS] mldh [+kqnkbZ dh rd+lhe gS] u mldk dksbZ 'kjhd gS vkSju eís&eqd+kfcy-

rkSghn o f'kdZ dh rjnhnvk;kr (rtZqek)& (1) tks dksbZ [+kqnk ds flok nwljs ekcwn dks iqdkjsftldh og vius [+kqnk ds ikl dksbZ nyhy ugha j[krk rks mldk fglkc

ijofnZxkj gh ds ikl gS tks dkfQ+jksa dks Q+ykg ugha nsrk- (eksfeuwu% 117)(2) dg nks fd og vYykg ,d gS] vYykg csfu;kt+ gS] u mlls dksbZ iSnkgqvk] u og fdlh ls iSnk gqvk vkSj u dksbZ mldh cjkcj gS-

(b[+kykl% eqdEey)(3) rqEgkjk ekcwn [+kqnk, okfgn gS mlds flok dksbZ ekcwn ugha] cM+k jgedjus okyk gS- (cd+jg% 163)(4) vYykg dh bcknr djks fdlh pht+ dks mlds lkFk 'kjhd u djks-

(fulk% 36)(5) dg nks D;k ge vYykg ds flok mudks iqdkjsa tks gekjk u Hkyk djldrs gSa vkSj u gesa uqd+lku igq¡pk ldrs gSa- (buvke% 71)(6) vxj vklekuks&t+ehu esa [+kqnk ds flok dbZ ekcwn gksrs rks muesaQ+lkn gks tkrk- (vafc;k% 22)

f'kdZ ij rycs&cqjgku&(1) D;k [+kqnk dks NksM+dj mUgksaus vius ekcwn d+jkj fn;s gSa muls dgksykvks viuh nyhysa- (vafc;k % 24)(2) dkSu vkÝ+hfu'k dk vkx+kt+ djrk fQj mls ykSVkrk gS\ dkSu rqEgsavklekuks&t+ehu ls fjT+d+ nsrk gS\ D;k [+kqnk ds flok dksbZ ekcwn gS\ ,siSx+Ecj! muls dg nks fd vxj rqe lPps gks rks nyhy ykvks- (uEy% 46)


33

(3) u Bgjk vYykg ds lkFk nwljk ekcwn] ojuk cSBk jgsxk et+eweks&csdl

gksdj- (cuh blzkbZ % 22)

(4) dg nks vkvkS eSa lquk nw¡ tks rqe ij rqEgkjs [+kqnk us gjke dj fn;k

og ;g gS fd mlds lkFk fdlh dks 'kjhd u djks- (vuvke % 151)

(5) dgnks ;g gS esjk jkLrk cqykrk gw¡ vYykg dh rjQ+ le>cw>dj eSa

vkSj ftrus esjs rkcsv~ gksa- (;wlqQ+ % 108)

vgknhl (rtZqek)&(1) gt+jr evkt+ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa% eSaus gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye ls vt+Z fd;k& ,slk vEy crkb;s tks eq>s tUur esa nkf[+kydjs vkSj nkst+[+k ls nwj dj ns- Q+jek;k& rwus ,d cM+s vez (dke) dks iwNk];g vklku gS ftl ij [+kqnk vklku dj ns- [+kqnk dh bcknr djks vkSjmlds lkFk 'kjhd u dj] uekt+ i<+] t+dkr ns] jet+ku ds jkst+s j[k]

gTts&cSrqYykg dj- (tkesv~ frjfet+h & gnhl ua0 2616)(2) gt+jr tkfcj jft+;YykgqvUgq ls ejoh gS Q+jek;k jlwys&[+kqnk lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us nks ckrsa nks pht+ksa dh okftc djus okyh gSa- ,d 'k[+lus dgk ;k jlwyqYykg! og nksuksa ckrsa D;k gSa\ bj'kkn gqvk tks 'k[+l [+kqnkds lkFk 'kjhd djrk gqvk ej x;k og nkst+[+k esa nkf[+ky gksxk vkSj tks[+kqnk ds lkFk 'kjhd u djrk gqvk ejk og tUur esa nkf[+ky gksxk-

(lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 269)(3) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls fjok;r gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnkoUns cjrj Q+jekrk gS& bCus vkne us eq>s>qByk;k] ;g mlds fy, t+sck u Fkk] mlus eq>s cqjk dgk mls ,slk upkfg, Fkk esjs gd+ esa mldh rdt+hc (>wVh ckr) ;g dguk fd gjfxt+nksckjk ft+Unk u djsxk eq>dks tSlk fd bfCrnk dh] gkykafd ugha gS eq>

ij vOoy iSnkb'k nq'okj bvkns ls vkSj mldk eq>s cqjk dguk ;g gS fdvYykg us vius fy, csVk cuk;k] gkykafd eSa ,d csijokg t+kr gw¡ ftlusu tuk vkSj u tuk x;k vkSj u esjk dksbZ gelj gS-

(lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 4974)(4) gt+jr ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS jlwyqYykg lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eqlyeku dkfey bZeku okyk ugha gksrk tc


34

rd pkj ckrksa dk bd+jkj u djs- [+kqnk&,&ogngw yk 'kjhd dh xokgh]esjh fjlkyr dk bd+jkj bl lwjr ls fd [+kqnk us eq>s gd+ ds lkFk ecÅl(iSnk) Q+jek;k vkSj ekSr ij bZeku yk, vkSj ekSr ds ckn d+;ker vkSjd+æ (gJ ds fnu) ij- (tkesv~ f=fet+h gnhl ua0 2145)

(5) gt+jr bCus mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS Q+jek;k bLyke dh

cqU;kn ik¡p pht+ksa ij gS] [+kqnk,&og+ngw yk'kjhd dh xokgh] eqgEen

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh vfCn;rks&fjlkyr dk bd+jkj] uekt+

i<+uk] t+dkr nsuk] gt vnk djuk] jet+ku ds jkst+s j[kuk-

(lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 8)

(6) gt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa ,d ,sjkch us gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh ckjxkg esa vkdj vt+Z fd;k fd eq>s vki

,slk vEy crk;sa ftls bf[+r;kj djds tUur esa tkÅ¡- Q+jek;k [+kqnk dh

bcknr dj vkSj mlds 'kjhd u dj] Q+t+Z uekt+sa vnk dj] t+dkr nsrk

jg] jet+ku ds jkst+s j[k- mlus vtZ+ fd;k [+kqnk dh d+le ftlds d+Ct+s

esa esjh tku gS blesa deh ;k T+;knrh u d:¡xk- tc og 'k[+l pyk x;k

rks vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftls vPNk ekywe gks fd

og tUurh dks ns[ks rks mls pkfg, fd ml 'k[+l dks ns[k ys-


(7) gt+jr evkt+ fcu tcy jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa Q+jek;k x;k

tUur dh dqaft;k¡ xokgh nsuk bldk gS fd ugha dksbZ ekcwn flok; [+kqnk

dh t+kr ds- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 40)

vykers bZeku&gt+jr vch mekek jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS ,d 'k[+l us gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls iwNk bZeku D;k gS\ (;kuh bZeku dh

vyker D;k gS\) Q+jek;k tc HkykbZ rq>s Hkyh ekywe gks vkSj cqjkbZ ls

rw uk[+kq'k gks ml oD+r rw eksfeu gS- vt+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye xqukg D;k gS\ Q+jek;k tc rsjs fny esa dksbZ pht+ pqHks

rks mldks NksM+ ns (;kuh cqjh ekywe gks)-q q q


35

fnyksa dh lQ+kbZ dk fuT+kke([+kkSQ+s&bykgh o rd+ok)

eqlyeku ds fy;s t+:jh gS fd gj oD+r [+kqnk&,&ikd ds vgdke dk

[+k;ky djrk jgs] vkekys&lkfygk dk ikcUn gks] vius fny esa mldh rks

vt+er d+kbe djs] gj vEy esa Mjrk jgs- [+kqnk ls Mjus ds ;g ekv~uk

gSa fd cUnk mldh et+hZ dk rkcs gks] dksbZ dke mlds f[+kykQ+ u gks- oks

ckrsa ftuds u djus dk mls gqDe fn;k x;k ml ls cps] ;gh rd+ok gS-

flok; [+kqnk ds [+kkSQ+ ds e[+kywd+ dk [+kkSQ+ mlds fny esa u vk,-

vk;kr& 1- (tokcngh ds fy;s) [kM+s gksus ls Mjk vkSj u¶+l dks [+okfg'kksals jksdrk jgk rks mldk fBdkuk tUur gS- (lwjg ukft+vkr%40)

2- esjk gh [+kkSQ+ j[kks- (lwjg ugy%51)

3- vkSj vYykg ls Mj- (lwjg vgt+kc%37)

4- oks [+kqnk ds flok fdlh ls ugha Mjrs gSa vkSj mudk eqgkflc (fglkc

j[kus okyk) vYykg gS- (lwjg vgt+kc%39)

5- bZeku okys ogh gSa fd tc vYykg dk ft+Ø fd;k tkrk gS rks muds

fny Mj tkrs gSa- (lwjg vuQ+ky%2)

6- vkSj tc vk;kr frykor dh tk;sa rks oks vk;rsa mudk bZeku c<+k nsa-

(lwjg vuQ+ky%2)

7- vkSj Mjrs gSa vius jc ls vkSj vUns'kk j[krs gSa fglkc dh l[+rh dk-

(lwjg jkv~n%21)

8- D;k rqe bl ls Mjrs gks] gkykafd vYykg bl ckr dk T+;knk gd+nkj

gS fd ml ls Mjks- (lwjg rkSck%13)

9- rqe esa [+kqnk ds uT+nhd og T+;knk bT+t+r okyk gS tks eqRrd+h T+;knk gks-

(lwjg gqtjkr%13)


36

roDdqy (vYykg ij Hkjkslk)& eqlyeku dks crk;k x;k gS fd oks[+kqnk ij Hkjkslk djs] viuh lbZ&vks&dksf'k'k (dkeksa) ij gh ukt+k¡ u gks-

ftlus iSnk fd;k gS mlus vius cUns ds fy, fjT+d+ Hkh eqd+jZj dj fn;k

gS- roDdqy ds ;g ekv~uk ugha fd gkFk&iSj cka/kdj cSB tk,] cfYd [+kqnk

ij iwjh rjg roDdqy djs og t+:j vrk djsxk- tks cUnxkus [+kqnk mldh

brkvr&vks&eqgCcr esa efgo gks tkrs gSa vkSj fdlh ds lkeus nLrs loky

njkt+ ugha djrs [+kqnk muds ikl ftl rjg pkgrk gS fjT+d+ Hkstrk gS-

vk;kr& 1- rqe buls dg nks ogh esjk ijofnZxkj gS] mlds flok dksbZekcwn ugha] mlh ij Hkjkslk j[krk gw¡ vkSj mlh dh rjQ+ #tw djrk gw¡-

(lwjg jkv~n%30)

2- ml ij Hkjkslk j[k ftldks ekSr ugha vkSj rLchg dj mldh gEn ds

lkFk- (lwjg Q+qjd+ku%58)

vgknhl& 1- gt+jr lqgSc jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa jlwys [+kqnk lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eksfeu dk vthc gky gS] mlds okLrs gj dke

esa csgrjh gS vkSj ;g pht+ eqlyeku ds flok fdlh nwljs dks gkfly ugha

vxj mldks [+kq'kh gks rks 'kqØ djs] ;g Hkh mlds okLrs csgrj gS vkSj

vxj eqlhcr igq¡ps rks lcz djs ;g Hkh mlds fy, csgrj gS-

(lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 7500)

2- gt+jr mej fcu [+kRrkc jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq, lquk vxj rqe [+kqnk ij iwjk Hkjkslk djksxs

rks og rqedks blh rjg fjT+d+ nsxk ftl rjg ifjUnksa dks nsrk gS fd oks

lqcg dks Hkwds gksrs gSa vkSj 'kke dks isV Hkjs ykSVrs gSa- (fe'dkrqy elkchg]

gnhl ua0 5299] lquu bCus ekTtk gnhl ua0 4164)

3- gt+jr vch nqnkZ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k fjT+d+ cUns dks mlh rjg ryk'k djrk gS ftl rjg

ekSr <wa<rh gS- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 5312)

rlchg& [+kqnk dh rLchg&vks&rgehn cUns ij Q+T+kZ gS- dqjku gdhe vkSjvgknhls ucfo;k esa txg&txg rLchg dh rkdhn dh xbZ gS vkSj mlds

csgrj o equkflc vkSd+kr Hkh crk fn;s x;s gSa- vxj [+kqywls&fu;r vkSj


37

lPph [+kf'k;rks&[+kkSQ+ ds lkFk cUnk vius jc dh rLchg djrk jgs rks

t+:j mldk Q+St+ gkfly djsxk- vYQ+kt+s&rLchg ;g gSa&

ßlqCgkuYykfg oygEnq&fyYykfg oyk bykgk bYyYykgq oYykgq vdcj

oyk g+kSyk oyk dq+Oork bYyk fcYykfgy vfyf¸;y vt+heÞ

vk;kr (rtqZek)& 1- vius jc dh rLchg o gEn djks lwjt fudyusls d+Cy vkSj X+kq:c ls igys vkSj dqN jkr ds fgLls esa mldh rLchg djks

vkSj uekt+ksa ds ckn Hkh- (lwjg d+kQ+%40)

2- vkQ+rkc fudyus ls d+Cy vkSj Mwcus ls igys vius jc dh gEn ds

lkFk- mldh rLchg djks jkr ds oD+rksa esa- (lwjg rkgk%130)

3- rLchg fd;k djks rkfd rqe [+kq'k gks tkvks- (lwjg rkgk%130)

4- ,s iSx+Ecj! vius ijofnZxkjs vkyh ds uke dh rLchg fd;k djks ftlus

(reke e[+kywd+kr dks) cuk;k vkSj nq#Lr fd;k- (lwjg vv+yk%1]2)

5- il rLchg djks vius jc dh gEn ds lkFk vkSj lTnk djus okyksa esa

gks tkvks- (lwjg gtj%98)

6- rkfd rqe yksx bZeku ykvks vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy ij vkSj mldh

rkt+he&vks&rkSd+hj djks vkSj mldh rLchg lqcgks&'kke djks- (lwjg Q+rg%9)

7- il rLchg dj vius jc dh tks cM+k gS- (lwjg okfd+vk%74)

8- rLchg dj vYykg ds okLrs mlh dk gS tks dqN t+ehu&vks&vkleku

esa gS- (lwjg gnhn%1)

vgknhl& 1- lcls T+;knk eqtjZc dyke vYykg ds uT+nhd pkj gSa&

lqCgkuYykfg] oygEnq&fyYykfg] oyk&bykgk bYyYykgq] oYykgq vdcj

vYykg ikd ugha ft+jj djrk rq>dks ;g fd fdlh uke ds lkFk rw 'kq:

djs ;kuh [+okg igys lqCgkuYykg dgs ;k vYgEnqfyYykg ;k ykbykgk

bYyYykg-

2- gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS Q+jek;k gqT+kwjs vdje

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us ftlus yk&bykgk bYyYykgq ogngw yk

'kjhdk ygq ygqy eqYdq o&y&gqy gEnq o gqok v+yk dqfYy 'kSbu d+nhj]

fnu esa lkS ckj i<+k mldks nl X+kqyke vkt+kn djus ds cjkcj lokc

feysxk vkSj lkS usfd;k¡ mlds vkeky esa fy[kh tk;saxh vkSj blh rjg lkS


38

cqjkb;k¡ nwj dh tk;saxh- 'kSrku ls mldks iukg gksxh] ml fnu 'kke rd

ugha yk;k dksbZ vEy bl pht+ ls csgrj fd u nsxk mldks exj oks 'k[+l

fd vEy fd;k T+;knk ml ls- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 6403] lgh eqfLye

gnhl ua0 6842)

3- gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k ftlus lqCgkuYykfgy vt+he o fcgfEnfg i<+k mlds fy,

tUur esa [ktwj dk nj[+r yxk;k tkrk gS- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0

3464)

4- gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS Q+jek;k reke ft+Øksa esa

vQ+t+y ft+Ø yk bykgk bYyYykg gS vkSj vQ+t+y nqvkvksa esa vYgEnqfyYykg-

(tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 3383)

rLchg esa [+kqywl vkSj mldk urhtk&1- gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa Q+jek;k tc Hkh dksbZ cUnk

[+kqywl ds lkFk yk bykgk bYyYykg dgrk gS [+kqnk mlds fy, vklekuksa

ds njokt+s [kksyrk gS ;gk¡ rd fd og v'kZ ds d+jhc gks tkrk gS tc rd

dchjk xqukgksa ls cprk jgs- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 3590)

2- ftlus lqcgks&'kke lqCgkuYykfg o fcgfEnfg lkS ckj i<+k] ugha yk,xk

dksbZ vEy csgrj d+;ker esa ml pht+ ls fd yk,xk ;g 'k[+l exj og

fd fd;k mlus mldh ekfuUn ;k ml ij T+;knk fd;k- (lgh cq[+kkjh]

gnhl ua0 6405] lgh eqfLye gnhl ua0 2692)

rkSck&vks&bLrX+kQ+kj& bLyke nhus&fQ+rjr gS blfy, mldk gj gqDevius vUnj gd+kbd+ j[krk gS- pwafd cUnk c'kjh gSfl;r ls vke rkSsj ij

vPNkbZ vkSj cqjkbZ nksuksa dh dq+Oor j[krk gS] blfy, og vxj fdlh oD+r

'kgokrs&uQ+lkuh] [+kn'kkrs&'kSrkuh ds ckbl xqukgksa esa eqfCryk gks tk, rks

vc ;g ugha fd [+krkvksa dh ekQ+h ds fy;s dksbZ 'kDy gh ckd+h u gks-

bLykes eqd+íl us ,sls vkSd+kr ij gqDe fn;k bUlku vius xqukgksa ls

rkSck&vks&bLrx+Q+kj djs] mlds vYQ+kt+ Hkh eqv¸;u dj fn;s x,] vxj

rkSck ds ckn bUlku ml ekfl;r esa nksckjk vkywnk u gqvk rks fQj lkfyg

cUnksa esa tk feysxk vkSj [+kqnk&,&jgheks&djhe mlds fy, jgerks& fjt+oku


39

ds njokt+s [kksy nsxk-

rkSck vly esa rkSck&,&ulwg (fny ls) gksuh pkfg,- vktdy ds

t+ekus esa ge lSdM+ksa ckj rkSck djrs gSa vkSj fQj mlh ekfl;r (cqjkb;ksa)

esa eqfCryk gksrs gSa- vYykg rvkyk gekjh gkyrsa nq#Lr Q+jek,- vc t+Sy

esa rkSck&vks&bLrx+Q+kj ds eqrkfYyd+ pUn vk;kr o gnhl ntZ dh tkrh

gSa&

vk;kr& 1- [+krkvksa dh ekQ+h [+kqnk ls pkgks] vYykg c[+'kus okykesgjcku gS- (lwjg fulk%106)

2- ftlus dksbZ cqjkbZ dh ;k vius u¶+l ij T+kqYe fd;k fQj [+kqnk ls

ex+fQ+jr pkgh rks og [+kqnk dks x+Q+wj&vks&jghe ik,xk- (lwjg fulk%110)

3- vius jc ls ex+fQ+jr ekaxks fQj mlh dh rjQ+ rkSck djks-

(lwjg gwn%90)

4- ,s bZeku okyks! vYykg dh tukc esa [+kkfyl rkSck djks-

(lwjg rgjhe%8)

5- ogh vius cUnksa dh rkSck dq+cwy Q+jekrk vkSj [+krk,¡ ekQ+ djrk gS

vkSj tks rqe djrs gks tkurk gS- (lwjg 'kwjk%25)

vgknhl& 1- gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnk dh d+le eSa ,d fnu esa bLrx+Q+kj o

rkSck [+kqnk dh ckjxkg esa lRrj ls T+;knk ckj djrk gw¡- (lgh cq[+kkjh]

gnhl ua0 6307)

bl gnhl esa mEer dks jx+cr fnykuk ed+lwn Fkk] vki eklwe gksdj

lRrj ckj bLrx+Q+kj Q+jek;sa rks mEer dks T+;knk ls T+;knk rkSck&vks&bLrx+Q+kj

djuk t+:jh gS-

2- gt+jr vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk ls fjok;r gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us bj'kkn Q+jek;k cUnk ftl oD+r ,rjkQ+s&xqukg dj dj

fQj rkSck djrk gS rks vYykg rvkyk mldh rkSck dqcwy Q+jekrk gS-

(lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 4750] lgh eqfLye gnhl ua0 7020)

3- gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us bj'kkn fd;k tc eksfeu xqukg djrk gS rks mlds fny esa ,d


40

fl;kg uqDrk gks tkrk gS] vxj rkSck&vks&bLrx+Q+kj djrk gS rks mldk

fny lkQ+ dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj vxj xqukg T+;knk djrk gS rks og uqDrk

T+;knk gks tkrk gS ;gk¡ rd fd mlds fny dks ?ksj ysrk gS- il ;g gS jku

(t+ax) ftldk ft+Ø vYykg rvkyk us bl vk;r esa Q+jek;k& ßgjfxt+

ugha ;w¡ cfYd t+ax cka/kk gS muds fnyksa ij ml pht+ us fd og djrs FksÞ-

(tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 3334)

4- gt+jr bCus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k ftlus bfLrx+Q+kj i<+uk ykft+e dj fy;k eqd+jZj

djrk gS vYykg rvkyk mlds fy, raxh ls fudyus dh jkg dks vkSj gj

x+e ls [+kyklh vkSj fjT+d+ nsrk gS tgk¡ ls og xqeku Hkh ugha djrk-

(vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua0 1518] lquu bCus ekTtk] gnhl ua0 3819)

vkSykn dh rjQ+ ls bfLrx+Q+kj&vks&rkSck dk cnyk&1- gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq fjok;r djrs gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us bj'kkn Q+jek;k [+kqnk usd cUns dk ntkZ cfg'r esa cqyUn

djsxk] cUnk dgsxk ,s ijofnZxkj! ;g ntkZ dgk¡ ls gkfly gqvk\ bj'kkn

gksxk rsjs Q+jt+Un ds bfLrx+Q+kj dh cnkSyr-

(eqLuns vgen] ft-16@lq-356&57)

2- gt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eqnsZ dh gkyr d+cz esa Mwcus okys dh rjg gksrh

gS (;kuh mldk dksbZ gkFk idM+s) og Q+fj;knh cki] ek¡] HkkbZ vkSj nksLr

dh nqvk,sa igq¡pus dk eqUrft+j gksrk gS- tc nqvk mlds ikl igq¡prh gS rks

mldks ;g ckr nqfu;k&vks&ekQ+hgk ls T+;knk vPNh ekywe gksrh gS- cs'kd

[+kqnk (vtz) igq¡pkrk gS] d+cz okyksa dks t+ehu okyksa dh nqvk ds ckbl feLy

igkM+ksa ds- ft+Unksa dk eqnksZ ds fy;s gfn;k ;g gS fd og muds fy;s

bfLrx+Q+kj djsa- ('ksv~cqy&bZeku] ft-7&lq- 16)

eykbdk& Q+fj'rs [+kqnk dh e[+kywd+ gSa ftu ij gesa bZeku ykus dk gqDegqvk- og vius jc dh ukQ+jekuh ugha djrs tks dke muds fy, eqd+jZj

Q+jek fn;s x, gSa fcyk deks&dkLr mudks vatke nsrs gSa- og u enZ gS u

vkSjr- dqN rks og gSa tks flQ+Z rLchg&vks&rgehn ds vkSj dqN ugha djrs-


41

ckt+ dks [+kqnk us vafc;k&vks&eqlZyhu ij og+h (vYykg dk iSx+ke) igq¡pkus

ds fy, eqd+jZj Q+jek fn;k gS- bu Q+fj'rksa ds gd+ esa [+krk Hkwypwd ugha-

oks tks dqN [+kqnk dh rjQ+ ls igq¡pkrs gSa] mlesa ,gfreky dk egy gh ugha-

Q+fj'rksa ds eqrkfYyd+ dqN vk;kr ntZ dh tkrh gSa-

vk;kr (rtZqek)& 1- reke rkjhQ+ksa dk eqLrfgd+ [+kqnk gS ftlus t+ehuksvkleku cuk, vkSj mlus Q+fj'rksa dks i;kEcj cuk;k ftuds nks nks rhu

pkj pkj ckT+kw gS- cukoV esa tks pht+ pkgs c<+k nsrk gS- (lwjg Q+kfrj%1)

2- Q+fj'rs vius jc dh rLchg vkSj rkjhQ+ esa yxs gq, gSa- t+ehu okyksa

ds fy, xqukgksa dh ekQ+h pkgrs gSa- (lwjg 'kwjk%5)

3- tks 'k[+l [+kqnk vkSj mlds Q+fj'rksa] jlwyksa] ftczbZy o ehdkbZ dk nq'eu

gks il vYykg dkfQ+jksa dk nq'eu gS- (lwjg cd+jg%98)

4- gkykafd rqe ij gekjs eqgkfQ+t+ fdjkeu&dkfrchu eqd+jZj gSa tks dqN

rqe djrs gks og mudks ekywe jgrk gS- (lwjg bUQ+rkj%11)

5- (bUlku ds) vkxs ihNs [+kqnk dh rjQ+ ls fgQ+kt+r ds fy, Q+fj'rs

eqd+jZj gSa- (lwjg jkv~n%11)

6- [+kqnk mudks tks gqDe nsrk gS mldh ukQ+jekuh ugha djrs vkSj vgdke

dh rkehy djrs gSa- (lwjg rgjhe%6)

bu vk;krs&'kjhQ+k ls eq[+rlju Q+fj'rksa ds ckjs esa ekywe gks tkrk gS-

e'kgwj Q+fj'rksa esa gt+jr ftczbZy] gt+jr ehdkbZy] gt+jr blzkQ+hy]

gt+jr bt+zkbZy gSa ftuds vySfgnk&vySfgnk dke gSa- bLyke ls igys pan

tkfgyksa dk [+k;ky Fkk fd Q+fj'rs [+kqnk dh csfV;k¡ gSa- bl et+ewe (x+yr)

[+k;ky dh dqjvku ethn esa cvkSd+kr eq[+rfyQ+ rjnhn Q+jek nh xbZ gS-

ckt+ vQ+jkn bl t+ekus esa eykbdk ds oqtwn gh ls bUdkj djrs gSa og Hkh

x+Yrh ij gSa- vxj xaqtkb'k gksrh rks bl ckjs esa et+hn r'kjhg dh tkrh-

ftUukr& Q+fj'rksa ds vykok nwljs fxjksg dk uke ftUukr gS tks Q+fj'rksals feyrs tqyrs gSa-

dqrqcs&bykfg;k& rhljh pht+ ftl ij bZeku ykuk t+:jh gS [+kqnk dhog reke fdrkcsa gSa tks [+kqnk us dqjvku ethn ls d+Cy mrkjha- lgh vkSj

dkfey rknkn rks ugha crkbZ xbZ] vycRrk muesa e'kgwj pkj gSa%&


42

1- rkSjkr & gt+jr ewlk vySfgLlyke ij] 2- t+cwj & gt+jr nkÅn

vySfgLlyke ij] 3- bathy & gt+jr bZlk vySfgLlyke ij] 4- d+qjvku

djhe & gt+jr [+kRes fjlkyr eqgEen jlwyqYykg gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye ij ukft+y gqvk- bu pkjksa fdrkcksa ij bZeku ykuk t+:jh gS-

ysfdu bl pht+ dks Hkh le>rs tkvks fd dqjvku ethn ls igys ,d

fdrkc Hkh ,slh u Fkh ftlesa rgjhQ+&vks&rCnhyh u dj nh xbZ gks- gekjk

bZeku mu vklekuh fdrkcksa ij tks [+kqnk ds ;gk¡ ls bu gt+jkr ij

ukft+y Q+jekbZ xbZa] fcyQ+sv~y ;g bT+t+r flok; dq+jku ethn ds vkSj

fdrkc dks gkfly ugha fd og viuh vlyh o gd+hd+h 'kku ds lkFk

ekStwn gS-

vk;kr& 1- ,s eqgEen! dg nks ge vYykg ij bZeku yk, vkSj ml ijtks ge ij mrkjk x;k vkSj tks mrkjk x;k bczkghe o bLekbZy o bLgkd+

o ;kd+wc vkSj vkSykns&;kd+wc ij vkSj tks fn;k x;k ewlk vkSj bZlk vkSj

ufc;ksa dks muds jc dh rjQ+ ls- ge Q+d+Z ugha djrs fdlh ,d esa Hkh

vkSj ge rks mlh ds gqDe ds cjnkj gSa- (lwjg bejku% 84)

2- ,s bZeku okyks! bZeku ykvks vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy vkSj ml fdrkc

ij tks ml ij mrkjh xbZ vkSj ml fdrkc ij tks bl ls igys mrjh tks

[+kqnk vkSj mlds Q+fj'rksa] jlwyksa vkSj d+;ker ls bUdkj djs il oks cgqr

nwj HkVd x;k- (lwjg fulk% 136)

3- gekjs iSx+Ecj (lYyYykgq vySfg olYye) us eku fy;k tks mu ij

ijofnZxkj dh rjQ+ ls mrjk vkSj eqlyekuksa us Hkh- lcds lc bZeku ys

vk, vYykg vkSj mlds Q+fj'rksa vkSj mldh fdrkcksa vkSj iSx+Ecjksa ij-

(lwjg cd+jg% 285)

dqjku ethnvkyes bUlkfu;r dks nlZ nsus okyh vkf[+kj&vks&eqdEey fdrkc- ftl

pht+ us eqlyekuksa dks cjckn fd;k og dqjku djhe ls cs roTtqgh gS-

tks fdrkc lkjs tgku ds fy;s c'khj&vks&ut+hj gks] ftlds njokt+s fcyk

bfEr;kt+ gj d+kSe&vks&feYyr ds fy;s [kqys gq, gksa] ftlesa vkyes&bUlkfu;r

dh nhuh] nqfu;oh] v[+kykd+h] eqvk'kjrh] bYeh] frtkjrh o bfD+rlknh


43

t+:fj;krs&ft+Unxh ds gj 'kksv~cs dks eqdEey djus dk lkeku gks ml

lghQ+k&,&bykgh ds gd+kbd+&vks&ekywekr ls eqlyeku gh cs[+kcj gSa-

fcyk'kqck frykors dqjvku ikd Hkh ckbls&vtz&vks&lokc gS exj dq+jvku

djhe rks txg&txg rv+D+d+yksa&rv+Yyqeksa ox+Sjk dh d+q;wn yxk dj crk

jgk gS fd i<+us okyk mlds evkuh&vks&erkfyc esa x+kSj&vks&fQ+Ø djs-

gesa bldk rks 'kkSd+ gS fd dqjvku djhe mEnk&mEnk fx+ykQ+ksa esa egQ+wt+ jgs

;k dHkh eqlhcr&vks&rdyhQ+ ds oD+r vkSjkd+s&'kjhQ+k dh gok ns nh tk,-

;d+hu dhft, eqlyekuksa us [+kqnk ds bl vkf[+kj vkSj eqdEey lghQ+s ij

vEy djus ds ckn nqfu;k ds gj fgLls dks fgyk Mkyk- vkt Hkh vxj ge

viuh HkykbZ pkgrs gSa rks vgdkes dqjvkuh ls ck[+kcj gksdj ml ij

vEy djsa-

Q+T+kkbys dq+jvku o ekfgjhus&dqjvku&vgknhl& 1- gt+jr mleku jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe esa og 'k[+l gh csgrj gS ftlus dqjvku

dks lh[kdj (nwljksa dks) fl[kk;k- (;gk¡ lh[kus ls eqjkn dq+jku djhe ds

gd+kbd+ks&nd+kbd+ Hkh eqjkn gSa) (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 5027)

2- gt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk fjok;r Q+jekrh gSa

gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k dqjvku dk ekfgj mu

Q+fj'rksa ds lkFk gksxk tks usdwdkj cqT+kqxZ gSa vkSj tks dqjvku dks vVd&

vVd dj i<+rk gS vkSj ;g ckr ml ij fxjk¡ gS mls nksgjk vtz gS- (lgh

eqfLye] gnhl ua0 1862)

ekfgj rks vQ+T+ky gS gh exj vVd dj i<+us okys dks c&,rckjs

e'kD+d+r ds lokc gS-

d+qjvkus djhe dks rjrhy ls i<+us dk cnyk&1- gt+jr vCnqYykg fcu mej jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

Q+jek;k (d+;ker esa) i<+us okys ls dgk tk,xk fd dq+jvku i<+ vkSj p<+

tk (cfg'r ds ntksZa ij) vkSj ml rjg Bgj&Bgj dj i<+ tSls nqfu;k esa

i<+rk Fkk il rsjk ntkZ vkf[+kj vk;r ds uT+nhd gS fd rw mldks i<+sxk-

(tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2914] eqLuns vgen] ft-11@lq-403)


44

lkfgcs dqjvku ls ;gk¡ eqjkn og 'k[+l gS tks dqjvku djhe dh ges'kk

frykor vkSj ml ij vEy djrk gS-

2- gt+jr vch lbZn jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls fjok;r gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k jc rckjd rvkyk Q+jekrk gS ftldks ckt+

j[ks dqjvku esjh vkSj loky djus ls eSa mldks vkSj ek¡xus okyksa ls csgrj

nsrk gw¡- dykeqYykg dh cqT+kqxhZ reke dykeksa ls ,slh gS tSls [+kqnk dh reke

e[+kywd+ ij- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2926)

^feu 'kx+fygqy dqjvku* ls eqjkn ;g gS fd tks 'k[+l dqjku djhe

;kn djus vkSj mlds evkuh le>us esa e'kX+kwy jgs rks eSa mldks ek¡xus

okyksa ls T+;knk nsrk gw¡-

dqjvkus djhe ij vey djus okyksa dk ntkZ&evkt+ tqguh jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks

dqjvku dh frykor djs vkSj tks dqN mlesa gS ml ij vEy djs mlds

ek¡&cki d+;ker ds fnu rkt iguk, tk;saxs ftldh jkS'kuh vkQ+rkc ls

vPNh gksxh tks nqfu;k esa gekjs ?kjksa esa gS- (vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua0 1453)

tc rd dqjvku djhe ij vey djrs jgksxs xqejkg u gksxs&1- gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k dq+jvku ukft+y gqvk ik¡p rjhd+ksa ds lkFk& g+yky]

g+jke] eqg+de] eqr'kkcsg] belky- il gyky dks gyky tkuks vkSj gjke

dks gjke tkuks vkSj eqgde ds lkFk vEy djks] eqr'kkcsg ij bZeku j[kks

vkSj dqjvkuh felkyksa ls bcjr gkfly djks- (fe'dkrqyelkchg] g-ua-

182)

2- ekfyd fcu vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq fjok;r Q+jekrs gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eSa rqEgkjs vUnj nks pht+sa NksM+rk gw¡ tc rd

rqe mu nksuksa ls tqM+s jgksxs xqejkg u gksxs] vYykg dh fdrkc vkSj mlds

jlwy dh lqUur- (eqvÙkk ftYn 5 @ lq0 1323)

3- gt+jr bCus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa ftlus dq+jvku ikd dks

lh[kk vkS mlds ckn tks dqN dq+jvku esa gS mldh iSjoh dh rks [+kqnk nqfu;k

esa mldks fgnk;r ij lkfcr djsxk vkSj xqejkgh ls cpk,xk tc rd og


45

nqfu;k esa ft+Unk gS vkSj d+;ker esa Hkh cM+s fglkc ls mlds lkFk eqok[+T+kk

u gksxk- nwljh fjok;r esa gS ftlus fdrkcqYykg dh iSjoh dh u rks og

nqfu;k esa xqejkg gksxk vkSj u vk[+kjr esa ml ij vt+kc gksxk] mlds ckn

dqjvku djhe dh vk;r i<+h ftldk rtqZek gS& ̂ ftlus dqjvku ikd dk

bfÙkck fd;k og u rks xqejkg gksxk vkSj u cnc[+r gksxk*- (tkesmy mlwy

fQ+ vgknhlqjZlwy ft-1&lq-81)

4- gt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vez jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ugha gksrk rqe esa ls dksbZ dkfey bZeku okyk

(ml oD+r rd ugha gks ldrk) tc rd fd mldh [+okfg'kkr rkcs u gksa

mldh (dqjvku ethn ds) ftldks eSa ysdj vk;k- ('kjgqLlqUug ft-1&lq-

98)

vafc;k&,&eklcd+ vkSj bLyke& ;g gd+hd+r eqfLyek gS fd vafc;k,eklcd+ ds ntkZrs&vkfy;kr vkSj muds ejkfrc dh rLnhd+ djus esa

bLyke ls T+;knk fdlh us fgLlk ugha fy;k- eqlyeku ds vd+hns esa gj

eqd+íl uch dh bT+t+r vkSj ml ij bZeku ykuk Q+T+kZ d+jkj ns fn;k x;k-

gt+jr l¸;nuk vkne vySfgLlyke ls ysdj gt+jr bZlk elhg

vySfgLlykrks oLlyke rd ftl d+nj vafc;k vk, gekjk lc ij bZeku

gS- vafc;k dk dke cUnksa dks fljkrs&eqLrd+he fn[kkuk gS vkSj rkSghn dk

nlZ nsdj [+kqnk rd igq¡pkuk gS- bl mlwy esa reke vafc;k ,d gh rkyhe

nsus vk,] vycÙkk d+kSeksa ds gkykr&vks&t+:fj;kr ds fygkt+ ls [+kkl&[+kkl

fgnk;kr tqnk&tqnk jax esa is'k Q+jekrs jgs- ckt+ iSx+Ecjksa ij bZeku ykuk

vkSj ckt+ dk bUdkj djuk csnhuh vkSj dqÝ+ gS- eqlyeku dk ntkZ bl

erZcs esa Hkh lcls vkyk gS- og cuh blzkbZy dh rjg ugha gS fd vius

cki&nknk vafc;k, cuh blzkbZy ds vykok nwljs vafc;k dk bUdkj djs-

bLyke rks mu bYt+kekr dks Hkh nQ+k djrk gS tks mudh d+kSe us vius

eqd+íl vafc;k ij yxk j[ks Fks-

vc jgk ;g vez fd ckt+ dks ckt+ ij Q+t+hyr nh xbZ] ;g ,d

eq'kkfgnk gS fd gj bUlku vius vUnj eq[+rfyQ+qUukSv [+kqlwfl;kr j[krk

gS- gj 'k[+l ,d lk ntkZ ugha j[krk] fdlh esa dksbZ deky gksrk gS] fdlh


46

esa dksbZ tkSgj] ysfdu bLyke fdlh iSx+Ecj esa vnuk uqD+l dk Hkh d+kby

ugha-

1- mldk uke elhg bCus efj;e gksxk tks nqfu;k o vk[+kjr esa ckbT+t+r

vkSj eqd+jZc cUnksa esa gksxk vkSj xgokjs esa yksxksa ls ckrsa djsxk- (lwjg

vkys&bejku% 45&46)

2- gt+jr bczkghe ;gwnh o ulzkuh u Fks cfYd Q+jek¡cjnkj cUns Fks] f'kdZ

djus okyksa esa u Fks- (lwjg vkys&bejku% 45&46)

3- tks vYykg vkSj mlds jlwyksa ds lkFk dqÝ+ vkSj rQ+jhd+ djrs gSa vkSj

dgrs gSa fd ge ckt+ ij bZeku j[krs gSa vkSj ckt+ ls dqÝ+ djrs gSa vkSj

pkgrs gSa (dqÝ+&vks&bZeku) chp dk jkLrk bf[+r;kj djsa rks ;gh yksx

dkfQ+j gSa- dkfQ+jksa ds fy;s geus nnZukd vt+kc rS;kj dj j[kk gS vkSj

tks yksx vYykg vkSj mlds jlwyksa ij bZeku yk, vkSj muesa ls fdlh ds

ekcSu rQ+jhd+ u dh rks [+kqnk mudks vud+jhc vtz nsxk vkSj [+kqnk

x+Q+wj&vks&jghe gS- (lwjg fulk% 152)

gt+jkr vafc;k,&eklcd+ ds ntkZr vkSj vgknhls ufCo;k&gt+jr bCus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye ds vlgkc cSBs gq, vkil esa eqt+kdjk dj jgs Fks gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye fudy dj muds d+jhc vk, vkSj eqt+kdjk

lekv~r Q+jekrs jgs] ckt+ lgkck dgrs Fks cs'kd vYykg us gt+jr

bczkghe [+kyhyqYykg dks [+kyhy cuk;k] nwljs dgrs ewlk vySfgLlyke dks

dyhe fd;k] bZlk vySfgLlyke dks dfyerqYykg o :gqYykg cuk;k]

vkne vySfgLlyke dks lfQ+;qYykg fd;k- vki r'kjhQ+ ys vk, vkSj

Q+jek;k eSaus rqEgkjk dyke vkSj rkTtqc dks lquk] cs'kd bczkghe [+kyhyqYykg

gSa vkSj og ,sls gh Fks] ewlk uft;qYykg gSa vkSj og ,sls gh Fks] bZlk

:gqYykg gSa vkSj dfyerqYykg gSa vkSj og ,sls gh Fks] vkne lfQ+;qYykg

gSa og ,sls gh Fks] [+kcjnkj gks eSa vYykg dk gchc gw¡ vkSj bl ij Q+Ò+

ugha djrk- (fe'dkrqy&elkchg] gnhl ua0 5762)

fjlkyrs&eqgEefn;k&gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh t+krs&vd+nl ij [+kqnkoUns vkye


47

us ucqOor [+kRe Q+jek nh- vkids ckn dksbZ uch ugha vk,xk- gj fd+Le

dh ucqOor vki ij [+kRe gks pqdh- vc tks 'k[+l ucqOor ds fdlh fgLls

esa vius vkidks t+kfgj djsxk og dkfQ+j gS- vkidk nhu tqeyk vn;ku

dk ukfl[+k gS- (gj et+gc ckfry gS flQ+Z bLyke gd+ gS) vkidh fjlkyr

fdlh d+kSe o d+chys ds lkFk e[+klwl ugha] cfYd vki vkyexhj

eqvfYye cudj r'kjhQ+ yk, gSa ftlesa bUlku dh reke T+kq:fj;kr o

bLykgkr cntkZ&,&vre ekStwn gSa- bLyke dq+cwy djus ds ckn gj 'k[+l

dbZ fd+Le ds bLykeh gqd+wd+ gkfly dj ldrk gS- gj uch o jlwy vius

t+ekus esa vkidh csv~lrks fjlkyr dk bd+jkj ysrk jgk- vki tSlk

vkyes&bUlkfu;r esa u dksbZ gqvk vkSj u vkbUnk gks ldrk gS- cx+Sj

vkidh fjlkyr dk bd+jkj fd;s bUlku Q+ykg ugha ik ldrk- dqjvku

djhe dh cs 'kqekj vk;kr esa vkidh brkv~r dk gqDe fn;k x;k- ;gk¡

eq[+rlju pUn vk;kr (rtqZek) ekST+kwv~ ds rgr ntZ dh tkrh gSa&

1- (,s jlwy!) dg nks vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy dh brkv~r djks il vxj

u ekusa rks [+kqnk ukQ+jekuksa dks ilUn ugha djrk- (lwjg vkysbejku% 32)

2- ,s bZeku okyks! [+kqnk vkSj mlds jlwy dh brkv~r djks-

(lwjg fulk%59)

3- dg nks vxj rqe [+kqnk dks nksLr j[krs gks esjh bfÙkck djks rkfd rqe

dks [+kqnk nksLr j[ks- (lwjg vkysbejku% 31)

4- ,s bZeku okyks! [+kqnk vkSj mlds jlwy dh brkv~r djks vkSj mlds gqDe

ls ljrkch u djks rqe njk¡gky ;g fd lqu jgs gks- (lwjg bUQ+ky% 20)

vgknhl&1- gt+jr vcw gqjSjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa Q+jek;k d+le gS mldh

ftlds d+Ct+s esa eqgEen dh tku gS] bl mEer esa ls tks dksbZ ;gwnh o

ulzkuh esjh ucqOor dks lqudj ej tk, vkSj ml ij bZeku u yk, ftlds

lkFk eSa ecÅl gqvk gw¡ rks og nkst+[+k okyksa ls gksxk-


2- gt+j vcw ewlk v'kvjh jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k rhu 'k[+l ,sls gSa ftudk nksgjk vtz gS ,d


48

vgys&fdrkc esa ls tks vius uch ij Hkh bZeku yk;k vkSj eq> ij Hkh

bZeku yk;k] nwljs og X+kqyke ftlus [+kqnk dk gd+ Hkh iwjk fd;k vkSj vius

vkd+k dk Hkh] rhljk og 'k[+l ftlds ikl ykSaMh gks og mlls eqgCcr djs

mldks vnc fl[kkrk gks vkSj 'kjhv~r ds elkby fl[kkrk gks fQj mldks

vkt+kn dj ds fudkg djs rks mlds okLrs Hkh nks lokc gSa-


3- gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k esjh vkSj nhxj ufc;ksa dh felky ,d egy dh rjg

gS ftldh nhokj vPNh cukbZ xbZ vkSj ,d bZaV dh txg [kqyh gqbZ NksM+

nh xbZ] xnZ fQjus yxs ml egy ds ns[kus okys ,d bZaV dh txg [+kkyh

ns[kdj rkTtqc dj jgs Fks- il eSa gh ml bZaV dk iwjk djus okyk gw¡ vkSj

eq>h ij [+kqnk us bl cqU;kn vkSj fjlkyr dks [+kRe dj fn;k-(lgh cq[+kkjh] bu vYQ+kT+k ds lkFk ugha gS nsf[k;s gnhl ua0 3534&35]

lgh eqfLye] bu vYQ+kT+k ds lkFk nLr;kc ugha gqbZ nsf[k;s gnhl ua0 5959 ls 5964)

4- gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls fjok;r gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k ik¡p ckrsa eq>s ,slh nh xbZ gSa tks eq>ls d+Cy fdlh

dks ugha nh xbZa- eSa ,d eghus dh jkg rd vius nq'euksa ds fny ij

ng'kr ds lkFk Q+rg+ fn;k x;k gw¡ vkSj reke t+ehu esjs fy, efLtn cuk

nh xbZ- esjs ftl mEerh dks tgk¡ uekt+ dk oD+r vk tk, il og ogha

uekt+ i<+ ys] esjs fy, x+uher (ekys x+uher) gyky dh xbZ vkSj eq>ls

igys fdlh ij x+uher gyky u Fkh vkSj eq>s 'kQ+kv~rs&mT+ek vrk dh

xbZ- gj uch e[+klwl d+kSe dh rjQ+ Hkstk tkrk Fkk vkSj eSa reke bUlkuksa

ds fy, Hkstk x;k gw¡- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 335] lgh eqfLye gnhl

ua0 1163)

5- gt+jr vch lbZn jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls fjok;r gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eSa d+;ker esa reke vkSykns vkne dk ljnkj

gksaxk vkSj bl ij Q+Ò+ ugha djrk] ml fnu esjs gkFk esa fyoky&my&gEn

gksxk] ml fnu vkne vkSj muds ekflok ftl d+nj Hkh vafc;k gksaxs esjs

>aMs ds uhps gksaxs vkSj eSa gh lcls igys viuh d+cz ls mBw¡xk vkSj bl ij


49

Q+Ò+ ugha djrk- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 3615)

6- gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls

fjok;r djrs gSa gt+jr mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq vkids ikl vk, rks vkius

vt+Z fd;k fd ftl oD+r ge ;gwn dh gnhlsa lqurs gSa rks gedks vPNh

ekywe gksrh gSa] D;k vki [+k;ky djrs gSa fd muesa ls ckt+ dks fy[kw¡\

gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k D;k rqe ;gwnks&ulzkfu;ksa dh

rjg gSjku gks (eryc ;g gS fd D;k nhus bLyke esa dqN deh le>rs gks

tks nwljs nhu ds eksgrkt gks) cs'kd eSa rqEgkjs ikl jkS'ku vkSj lkQ+

'kjhv~r yk;k gw¡] vxj ewlk vySfgLlyke ft+Unk gksrs rks mudks flok;

esjh iSjoh ds dksbZ nwljh pht+ ykbd+ u Fkh- (eqLunsvgen] ft-23]lq-349)

brkv~r ufCo;k&Åij ntZ gqbZ vk;krks&vgknhl ls gt+jr [+kRes&erZcr :gh ygqyfQ+nk

ds Q+t+kbyks&[+kqlwfl;kr dh eq[+rflj dSfQ+;r ekywe gks xbZ- bl gd+hd+r

dks vPNh rjg t+gu&u'khu dj ysuk pkfg, fd egt+ t+ckuh o vknh ls

brkv~rs&ufCo;k dk vge Q+jhT+kk iwjk ugha gks tkrk] cfYd brkv~r ds

ekv~uk ;g gS fd eqlyeku vius vkeky&vks&vQ+vky esa gqT+kwj gkfn;s&vkye

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh g;krs 'kjhQ+k dk dqfYy;ru ikcUn gks

tk,] tc rd gqT+kwj dh t+krs&vd+nl ds lkFk vkeky esa brkv~r u djsxk

rdehy u gksxh- bl flyflys esa bj'kknkrs&vkfy;kr eqykfgt+k gksa&

1- gt+jr vCnqYykg fcu mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe esa ls dksbZ 'k[+l ml oD+r rd dkfey

eqlyeku ugha gks ldrk tc rd mldh [+okfg'kkr ftl pht+ dks eSa yk;k

gw¡ (mlds) rkcsv~ u gks tk;sa- ('kjgqLlqUug] ft-1]lq-98)

2- gt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k rqe esa ls dksbZ 'k[+l ml oD+r rd dkfey eqlyeku ugha gksrk

tc rd eSa mldks viuh vkSykn] cki vkSj reke yksxksa ls T+;knk egcwc

u gw¡- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua- 15] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua- 169)

3- gt+jr vCnqjZgeku vc d+jkn dh gnhl esa gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k lgkck us vkids oqT+kw dk ikuh eq¡g ij eyuk 'kq:


50

fd;k] vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us iwNk fdl pht+ us rqedks bl

Q+sv~y (dke) ij vkeknk fd;k\ vt+Z fd;k vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy dh

eqgCcr us rks bj'kkn Q+jek;k& t+:jh gS fd tc ckr dgs rks lp cksys

vkSj tc vekur lkSaih tk, rks rw vekur vnk djs vkSj gelk;ksa ds lkFk

vPNh gelk;xh djs-

(fe'dkrqy&elkchg] gnhl ua- 4990] 'kksv~cqy&bZeku ft-2] lq- 201)

d+;ker& ikapoha ckr ftl ij bZeku ykuk pkfg, ej dj mBuk gS] ogfnu tt+k&vks&lt+k dk gS- d+okuhus d+qnjr bj'kknkrs vafc;k ij ftUgksaus

vEy fd;k ml fnu mudks csgrj ls csgrj vtz feysxk] tks jkgs gd+ ls

gVs jgs mldh lt+k ik,axs- ml fnu vkleku&vks&t+ehu QV tk,axs] rkjs

fxj tk,axs] igkM+ jst+k&jst+k gksaxs] d+czksa ls eqnsZ ft+Unk fd;s tk,axs] eSnkus

d+;ker esa tek gksaxs] vPNs vkSj cqjs lc gh ml fnu [+kqnk ds lkeus gkft+j

gksaxs] ßfy&e&fuy eqYdqy ;kSeqYykfgy okfgnqy d+g~gkjÞ (lwjg x+kfQ+j%16)

dh lnk ls dq+ywc yjt+rs gksaxs-

bl gkSyukd fnu esa vafc;k o #lqy Hkh u¶+lh&u¶+lh iqdkjsaxs] ml

fnu [+kqnk rktnkjs enhuk gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks ;g bT+t+r

nsxk fd vki bUuk ygk Q+jek;saxs vkSj ;kSes eg'kj esa lcdh d+;knr

Q+jek;saxs- bl nqfu;k esa bUlku cs[+kcj gksdj le>rk gS fd eSa vius

vkeky&vks&vQ+vky dk eq[+rkj gw¡] ns[kus okyk dkSu gS\ exj [+kqnk ds

eqd+jZj dnkZ fuxgcku Q+fj'rs ,d&,d pht+ dh ns[kHkky esa gSa- d+;ker

dh gkSyukfd;ksa vkSj nksckjk ft+Unk gksdj fglkcks&fdrkc ds tk ctk

vt+dkj gSa mlh ds lkFk bu r[+k¸;qykr dh Hkh rjnhn dj nh xbZ gS fd

rqe nksckjk ft+Unk gksus dks vesz&eqEruv~ (cgqr eqf'dy) le> jgs gks- ge

;gk¡ pUn vk;kr (rtZek) gh ntZ djus ij bfDrQ+k djrs gSa&

1- blh feêh ls geus rqedks iSnk fd;k vkSj mlh esa rqedks ykSVk dj

yk;saxs- (lwjg rkgk% 55)

2- cfYd ge bl ij d+kfnj gSa fd mldh iksj&iksj vlyh fBdkus ij fcBk

nsa- (lwjg fd+;keg% 4)

3- D;k rqeus ;g [+;ky dj fy;k gS fd geus rqedks [ksyus ds fy;s iSnk


51

fd;k gS vkSj rqEgsa gekjs ikl ykSVdj vkuk ugha gS- (lwjg eksfeuwu% 115)

4- D;k ge vOoy (ckj) iSnk djus esa Fkd x, fd d+;ker esa nksckjk iSnk

ugha dj ldsaxs cfYd (vly ckr ;g gS fd) ;g yksx vt+ljs ukS iSnk

djus dh rjQ+ ls 'kd esa gSa- (lwjg d+kQ+%15)

5- geus bUlku dks feêh ds lr~ ls cuk;k fQj geus mldks fgQ+kt+r dh

txg (jges&eknj) uqRQ+k cukdj j[kk] fQj ge gh us uqRQ+s dk yksFkM+k

cuk;k] fQj yksFkM+s dh ca/kh gqbZ cksVh cukbZ] fQj cksVh dh gfì;k¡ cukbZa]

fQj ge gh us gfì;ksa ij xks'r e<+k] fQj ge gh us mldks nwljh e[+kywd+

cukdj [kM+k fd;k- (lqCgkuYykg)- [+kqnk cM+k gh ckcjdr gS tks cukus

okyksa esa csgrj cukus okyk gS fQj mlds ckn rqedks ejuk gS] fQj

d+;ker ds fnu mBk;s tkvksxs- (lwjg eksfeuh% 12 ls 16)

tUur&vks&nksT+k[+k& vPNs vkeky dh tt+k tUur gS ftlesa ges'kk jgukgksxk- ;g eksfeuks&eqfLye ds fy;s gS vkSj tks bl nqfu;k esa ,gdkes&[+kqnk

dk bUdkj vkSj dqÝ+ djrs jgs muds fy;s nkst+[+k gS-

bu nksuksa ed+kekr dh rQ+lhykr vk;krks&vgknhl esa T+;knk ls T+;knk

ekStwn gSa vxj eqlyekuksa dks ekywekr esa bt+kQ+k vkSj viuh nhuh o

nqfu;oh Q+ykg dk 'kkSd+ gks rks dqjvku djhe dks cx+kSj eqrkfyv+k Q+jek;sa

rks tUur o nkst+[+k dh r¶+lhykr ckvklkuh lkeus vk tk;saxh-

rd+nhj& eqd+íjkrs bykfg;k esa lc dqN eqd+jZj dj fn;k x;k] bl ijbZeku ykuk t+:jh gS- rd+nhj&vks&rnchj ds igyqvksa ij rfCljs dk egy

ugha blds fy;s flQ+Z bruk dkQ+h gS fd bUlku viuh lbZ o dksf'k'k ij

ukt+k¡ u gks cfYd c'kjh ftíks&tqgn djus ds ckn vius ekeykr d+t+k&

vks&d+æ ij NksM+ ns-

elyk& rd+nhj dks bl rjg le>uk fd [+kkfyd+ [+kSjks&'kj lc dqNeqd+jZj dj pqdk] fygkt+k vc tks vQ+vky ljt+n gksaxs mldk eq[+rkj

bUlku ugha vkSj u ml ij vt+kc gksuk pkfg,- [+kqnk&,&cjrj us bUlku

dks vD+y&vks&gks'k vrk fd;s] Q+geks&clhjr dh dq+Oor nh] cqjs&Hkys ds

bfEr;kt+ djus dh lykfg;r c[+'kh il vkeky dh tt+k&vks&lt+k bUlku

ds vQ+vky ij gS-


52

ftLekuh rgkjr (lQ+kbZ) dk fuT+kkebLyke us ftLekuh rgkjr o ikdht+xh dk tks fut+ke d+kbe Q+jek;k

og Hkh vius vUnj cgqr lh [+kqlwfl;kr j[krk gS- ;gk¡ frCch Q+ok;n

c;ku djuk ed+lwn ugha] vycÙkk bruk vt+Z djuk gS fd vkt ubZ

rgd+hd+kr okys Hkh vius rjhd+k&,&eqvkfytkr esa ikuh ds bykt ij t+ksj

ns jgs gSa vkSj bl bykt dks dgk tkrk gS ed+cwfy;r Hkh gkfly gks jgh

gS- ;g ,d cnsgh pht+ gS] vxj bUlku vius cnu dks ftLekuh bejkt+

ls egQ+wt+ djuk pkgrk gS rks mldks vius ftLe dh lQ+kbZ dh t+:jr

gksrh gS- ftLe dks ikuh ls /kksuk] lkQ+ djuk ;k X+kqLy djuk csgrjhu dke

gSa- bLyke ftl rjg :gkuh bejkt+ dk eqvkfyt gS] mlus ftLekuh

bejkt+ nwj djus ds rjhd+s Hkh eqLrfd+y vcokc ds lkFk d+kbe Q+jek;s

ftuesa oqT+kw o X+kqLy viuh&viuh txg ,sls vkeky gSa ftuesa rgkjr o

ikdh dh reke pht+sa vk tkrh gSa og et+gc tks :gkuh rgkjr pkgrk gks

dSls eqefeu Fkk fd og ftLekuh rgkjr ds muoku dks fr'uk NksM+ nsrk-

uekt+ ds fy;s oqT+kw dks ykft+eh d+jkj fn;k x;k-

owT+kw ds iwjs Q+jkbT+k&vks&lquu ij x+kSj djks rks irk pyrk gS fd 24

?kaVs esa iat oD+rk uekT+kksa ds fy, eq¡g] gkFk] psgjk ox+Sjk ds vkt+k dks

vPNh rjg /kksuk] ftLekuh lQ+kbZ ds fy, dqN de gS] fQj ikuh Hkh og

ftldk u rks j¡x cnyk gqvk gks vkSj u mlds t+kbd+s esa Q+d+Z vk;k gks

rkfd bejkt+ dk f'kdkj u gks-

Q+jkbt+ ls d+Cy vkyes bUlkfu;r gT+kjr lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us lquu dks eqd+íe j[kus esa bl gd+hd+r dks lkeus j[kk fd gkFk /kksrs

oD+r ikuh dks ns[k ys fd og fdl gkyr esa gS- dqYyh djus esa ikuh dk

et+k ekywe gks tk,xk] ukd ls ikuh dh cw ox+Sjk dk vUnkt+k djs fQj


53

ftLe ds fgLls ij vnuk futklr ckd+h j[kus dh btkt+r u gqbZ] cfYd

mldk /kksuk ;k lkQ+ djuk t+:jh d+jkj fn;k x;k- il tks yksx

eqlyekuksa dks efyPN vkSj uftl dgrs gSa og eqlyekuksa dh rgkjr ds

fut+ke dk eqvk;uk djsa vkSj x+kSj djsa fd ,d erZck X+kqLy djus vkSj

is'kkc] ik[+kkus ls ftLe vkSj diM+s xUns jgus esa ikdht+xh gksxh ;k bLykeh

rgkjr esa\

eq¡g dh lQ+kbZ ds fy, ljdkjs nks vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us feLokd dh rkdhn Q+jekbZ ftldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd vDlj lgkck

vius dkuksa esa feLokd yxk, jgrs Fks- vktdy foyk;rh czq'kksa dk

bLrseky vke gks x;k gS tks lsgr ds fy, uqd+lkunsg gSa vkSj et+gcu Hkh

uktkbt+ gSa] ,slk fjokt gqvk fd feLokd ds bLrseky dks Q+S'ku ds

f[+kykQ+ le>k tkrk gS gkykafd gqT+kwj ljojs&vkye lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us rks ;gk¡ rd Q+jek;k vxj eq>s viuh mEer dh e'kD+d+r dk

[+kkSQ+ u gksrk rks eSa feLokd dks gj oqT+kw esa ykft+e dj nsrk- nwljh txg

bj'kkn gqvk ftl oqT+kw esa feLokd dh tk, og lokc esa cx+Sj feLokd okys

ls lÙkj ntkZ c<+k gqvk gS-

vc eq[+rlju t+Sy esa oqT+kw ds T+kq:fj;krks&rjdhc dk ntZ djuk

equkflc gS- Q+jht+k&,&bcknr ls d+Cy t+:jh gS fd cnu] diM+k] tk;uekt+

ikd gks-

Å¡ph txg ij fd+Cyk&: gksdj cSBs vkSj oqT+kw djus ls d+Cy fcfLeYykg

dgs- lc ls vOoy rhu ckj nksuksa gkFkksa dks xêksa rd /kks,] fQj rhu

dqfYy;k¡ djds feLokd djs] rhu ckj ukd esa ikuh Mkys (rkfd cw dk

,glkl gks) ck;sa gkFk ls ukd lkQ+ djs] rhu ckj eq¡g /kks;s ftldh gn

is'kkuh ds ckyksa dh tM+ ls ysdj BksM+h ds uhps rd gS] ,d dku dh ykS

ls nwljs dku dh ykS rd lc txg ikuh cgk,] nksuksa vczqvksa (Hkoksa) ds

uhps ikuh cgk,] dksbZ ed+ke [+kq'd u jg tk,] fQj rhu ckj nkfguk gkFk

dqguh lesr] fQj ck;k¡ blh rjg rhu ckj /kks,- mafXy;ksa dk f[+kyky djs

mlds ckn elg djs] vkSjrsa NYyk ox+Sjk fgykdj ikuh igq¡pk,- mlds ckn

nksuksa ik¡o V[+kuksa rd igys lh/kk fQj mYVk] NqafXy;k dk f[+kyky Hkh djs]


54

[+kRe oqT+kw ij lwjg ^bUuk vUt+yuk* i<+s- ;g nqvk i<+uk Hkh eqLrgflu

gS& vYykgqEet&v+&y&uh feuRrOokchu otv+yuh feuy eq&r&rg&fgjhuk

otv+yuh feu b+ckfndl&lkfyghuk otv+yuh feuy&yt+huk yk [+kkSQ+qu

v+ySfge oykgqe ;g+t+uwu-

1- bl (efLtns dq+ck) esa ,sls yksx gSa tks [+kwc lkQ+&lqFkjs jgus dks ilUn

djrs gSa vkSj vYykg [+kwc lkFk lqFkjs jgus okyksa dks ilUn djrk gS-

(lwjg rkSck% 108)

2- ,s pknj yisVdj ysVus okys mBks vkSj [+kqnk ds vt+kc ls Mjkvks] vius

jc dh cM+kbZ c;ku djks vkSj vius diM+ksa dks ikd o lkQ+ j[kks vkSj

futklr ls vyx jgks- (lwjg eqnfLlj% 1 ls 5)

vgknhl& 1- ekfyd v'kvjh jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls eqfLye esa fjok;r gSgqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k& ̂ ikd jguk fuLQ+ bZeku gS*-


2- D;k eSa ,slh pht+ u crkÅ¡ ftlls [+kqnk rqEgkjh [+krkvksa dks eqvkQ+ djs

vkSj ntkZr cqyUn djs- lgkck us vt+Z fd;k gk¡! Q+jek;k iwjk djuk oqT+kw

dk (;kuh reke vkt+k ij vPNh rjg ikuh igq¡pk,) e'kD+d+r ds oD+r

(;kuh tkM+s dh f'kír esa) vkSj efLtnksa esa dljr ls d+ne j[kuk vkSj ,d

uekt+ ds ckn nwljh uekt+ dk bfUrt+kj djuk] ;g gS fjckr- (;s gnhl

vcw gqjSjg jft+0 vUgq ls ejoh gS] nsf[k;s lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua- 587)

ljgns bLyke ij nq'eukus bLyke ds eqd+kcys dh txg cSBus dks

^jckr* dgrs gSa ftldk ft+Ø dqjvku djhe dh bl vk;r esa gS%& ß;k

v¸;qgy yt+huk vk&e&uql&fc: o lkfc: o jkfcrwÞ (lwjg vkysbejku%200)

tks lokc ogk¡ feyrk gS ogh elkftn esa bfUrt+kj djus okyksa dks feyxk-

elkbys rgkjr ox+Sjk& vk;krks&vgknhls 'kjhQ+k ds ckn bldh t+:jrckd+h jg tkrh gS fd rgkjr ds t+:jh vgdke ntZ dj fn;s tk,¡ rkfd

eqlyeku rgkjr ds ekby ls ck[+kcj gks tk,¡] pwafd ukikdh futklr ls iSnk

gksrh gS blfy, lcls eqd+íe pht+ futklr dk gky ekywe dj ysuk gS-

futklr& nks fd+Le dh gS& gd+hd+h] gqDeh- gd+hd+h tSls is'kkc] ik[+kkuk]euh ox+Sjk- gqDeh tSls bUlku dk csoqT+kw gksuk] reke cnu dk X+kqLy esa


55

ukikd gks tkuk] vkSjr dk gST+k&vks&fuQ+kl dh gkyr esa gksuk-

blh rjg futklrs gd+hd+h dh nks fd+Lesa gSa& x+yht+k] [+kQ+hQ+k- x+yht+k

dh felkysa vkneh dk is'kkc] ik[+kkuk] x/ks dk is'kkc ;k ftu pkj ik;k

tkuojksa dk xks'r gjke gS mudk is'kkc] cgrk gqvk [+kwu] 'kjkc] euh-

;g futklr vxj ,d fnjge ds cjkcj diM+s ;k cnu ij gks rks bl

d+nj ekQ+ gS] uekt+ gks tk,xh- ysfdu diM+s vkSj ftLe dk fgLlk mlls

ikd dj ysuk csgrj gS-

ikuh dk c;ku& futklrs gqDeh dk nwj djuk vkleku ds cjls gq,ikuh] unh] ukys] p'es] dq¡vksa] rkykc] nfj;k ds ikuh ls nq#Lr gS- vxj

ikuh esa lkcqu] t+kQ+jku ox+Sjk bl rjg fey tk,¡ fd ikuh dk jax ;k

et+k ;k cw u cnys vkSj ikuh ds irys gksus esa Hkh Q+dZ+ u gqvk rks oqT+kw

dj ldrk gS vkSj vxj ikuh ij nwljh pht+s x+kfyc vk xbZa] jax] et+k]

cw gks rks ml ikuh ls oqT+kw o X+kqLy lgh u gksxk- taxyksa esa tk&ctk ckfj'k

dk ikuh tek gks tkrk gS vxj og FkksM+k gS vkSj ct+kfgj mlesa futklr

ugha ekywe gksrh rks ikd gS- oqT+kw] X+kqLy buls nq#Lr gS] oge&vks&'kd ij

ukikd ugha gksxk-

elkby dq¡vk& dq¡, esa tc futklr fxj tk, rks og ikuh ds fudkyusls ikd gks tkrk gS- eq[+rlju ;gk¡ pUn vgdke ntZ fd;s tkrs gSa&

dcwrj dh chV fxjus ls dq¡vk ukikd ugha gksrk- eqx+hZ] cÙk[+k dh chV]

dqÙks] fcYyh] cdjh ds is'kkc ls uftl gksxk] lc ikuh fudkysa-

vkneh] dqÙkk] fcYyh] cdjh ;k mlds cjkcj tkuoj dq¡, esa fxjdj

ej tk,¡ rks lc ikuh fudkysa-

dksbZ tkuoj NksVk gks ;k cM+k tSls dcwrj] pwgk ;k cdjh ox+Sjk dq¡,

esa fxjdj ej tk, vkSj Qwy&QV tk, rks lc ikuh fudkyk tk,xk-

pwgk] fNidyh fxj dj ejus ls rhl Mksy fudkysa-

cM+s p'es okys dq¡, ds ikd djus dk d+kSy eq¶+rk ck ;g gS fd nks

eqlyeku vkfny ftudks ikuh esa egkjr gks] rtoht+ djns (crk ns) fd

fQ+ygky blesa brus Mksy ikuh ekStwn gS] mlh d+nj ikuh fudkyus ls dq¡vk

ikd gks tk,xk-


56

cnu ;k diM+s ij futklr is'kkc] ik[+kkuk] euh] [+kwu ox+Sjk yx

tk, rks mldks ikuh ls /kks,] ftl oD+r futklr nwj gks tk, diM+k ikd

gks tk,xk-

bLratk& tc lksdj mBs rks igys nksuksa gkFk xêksa rd ikuh ls /kks Mkys-gnhl esa bldh rkdhn Q+jekbZ xbZ fd uk ekywe gkFk lksrs esa dgk¡&dgk¡

x;k gks- bLratk ikuh] <sys nksuksa ls dj ldrk gS- vly ed+lwn bLrats

dk ;g gS fd futklr fcYdqy nwj gks tk,- <sys ls bLratk djus esa

chekfj;k¡ Hkh tkrh gSa vkSj fQj ikuh ls bLratk djus ls ftLe vPNh rjg

lkQ+ gks tkrk gS- gìh] xkscj] [+kq'd yhn] dks;yk] 'kh'kk] iq[+rk bZaV]

ydM+h] [kkus dh pht+] dkx+t+ ls bLratk djuk euk gS-

ubZ rgt+hc ds nkSj esa dkx+t+ ls bLratk djuk Q+S'ku esa nkf[+ky gks jgk

gS tks d+rvu xqukg gS- blh rjg [kM+s gksdj is'kkc] ik[+kkuk djuk Hkh

euk gS- vxj dksbZ mT+kz gks rks et+kbd+k ugha- fd+Cyk : gksdj is'kkc]

ik[+kkuk u djs-

gST+kks&fuQ+kl o bLrgkt+k&toku vkSjr dks Q+qtZ ls tks ekewyh [+kwu vkrk gS mls gSt+ dgrs gSa-

vxj fdlh etZ+ ls gks mls bLrgkt+k dgrs gSa- cPpk gksus ds ckn tks [+kwu

vk, mldks fuQ+kl dgrs gSa- eqírs gSt+ de vt+ de rhu jkr] rhu fnu

vkSj T+;knk ls T+;knk nl fnu vkSj nl jkr gSa- vxj fdlh vkSjr dks rhu

jkr rhu fnu ls de [+kwu vk;k og gSt+ ugha cfYd bLrgkt+k gS- blh rjg

nl fnu] nl jkr ls T+;knk [+kwu vkrk jgk og Hkh bLrgkt+k gS- ukS cjl

ls de mez okyh yM+dh dks gSt+ ugha vkrk- vxj ;g [+kwu ns[ksa rks

bLrgkt+k gS- gSt+ okyh vkSjr uekt+] jkst+k vnk u djs- uekt+ dh d+t+k

ugha] vycÙkk ikdh ds ckn jkst+s d+t+k djs-

X+kqLyX+kqLy ds Q+okbn fxukus dk ;g ekSd+k ugha- ugkus ds Q+okbn ls gj

'k[+l eqRrfQ+d+ gS vkSj vc rks ubZ rgd+hd+kr dk t+ekuk gS] cM+s&cM+s

bejkt+ (et+Z) dk bykt rUgk X+kqLy ls fd;k tk jgk gS- ugkuk /kksuk

;d+huu bUlku dh lsgr dk eqgkfQ+t+ gS-


57

X+kqLy ds Q+T+kZ&X+kqLy esa rhu Q+t+Z gSa& (1) dqYyh djuk] lkjs eq¡g esa ikuh igq¡pkuk-

(2) ukd esa ikuh igq¡pkuk] (3) lkjs cnu ij ,d ckj ikuh Mkyuk-

lgy rjhd+k&,&eLuwuk ;g gS fd ugkus ls igys xêksa rd nksuksa gkFk

/kks,] cnu ij futklr gks rks mldks lkQ+ djs] bLratk djs] gkFkksa dks

/kks,] mlds ckn oqT+kw djs- vxj fdlh Å¡ph txg ij oqT+kw dj jgk gS rks

oqT+kw ds lkFk ik¡o Hkh /kks ys ojuk ik¡o X+kqLy ds ckn /kks,- oqT+kw ds ckn FkksM+k

ikuh ysdj viuk reke cnu rj djs vkSj lc txg ikuh igq¡pk,] dksbZ

ed+ke [+kq'd u jgs- fQj rhu ckj lj ij ikuh Mkys vkSj rhu nQ+k

nkfgus da/ks ij vkSj rhu ckj ck,¡ da/ks ij ikuh cgk,- X+kqLy ds ckn

viuh txg ls gVdj ik¡o vxj u /kks, gksa rks /kksys- X+kqLy ds oD+r fd+Cyk

: u gks] ikuh T+;knk u Qsads vkSj u ckrsa djrk jgs- cUn X+kqLy[+kkus esa

vxj cjguk ugk, rks nq#Lr gS- [kqyh gqbZ txg esa cjguk ugkuk ed:g

gS- X+kqLy dh fu;r Q+t+Z ugha-

feutqeyk rgkjrks&ikdh cnu lkr phts+ gSa&

1- lkjs lj ij cky j[ks ;k eqaMkys-

2- ycksa ds cky ycksa ds cjkcj j[kuk-

3- cx+y ds cky T+;knk ls T+;knk 40 fnu ds vUnj eqaMkuk pkfg,-

4- ukQ+ ds uhps ds cky lkQ+ djuk-

5- uk[+kqu dVokuk-

6- coD+r iSnkb'k ukQ+ dkVuk-

7- [+kruk djuk-

nk<+h& nk<+h enksZa dh vyker gS- mldk eqaMokuk ;k drjokuk ;k [+k'k[+k'khckjhd djkuk euk vkSj l[+r xqukg gS- vgknhls 'kjhQ+k esa nk<+h eqaMkus

vkSj gns&'kjbZ ls de j[kus dh lwjr esa l[+r eqekfu;r Q+jekbZ xbZ gS-

r;Eeqe& oqT+kw dk d+kbe ed+ke gS- bLyke us gj ckr esa vklkfu;k¡ iSnkdha] vxj ,d ehy rd vkus tkus esa ikuh u fey lds ;k chekjh esa

ikuh bLrseky djus ls tku dk [+krjk vkSj T+;knrh et+Z dk vans'kk gks ml

oD+r ctk; oqT+kw djus ds r;Eeqe dj ldrk gS- tc rd ikuh ls oqT+kw u


58

dj lds r;Eeqe djrk jgs-

r;Eeqe ds rhu Q+T+kZ& (1) r;Eeqe dh fu;r djuk- (2) ,d ckjt+ehu ;k [+kkd ij gkFk ekjdj eq¡g ij Qsjuk- (3) nwljh ckj nksuksa gkFkksa

ij dqgfu;ksa lesr Qsjuk-

r;Eeqe dh rjdhc ;g gS& nksuksa gkFk t+ehu ij ekjs vkSj lkjs eq¡gij Qsjs] nwljh erZck nksuksa gkFk ekjdj nksuksa gkFkksa ij e; dksgfu;ksa ds

Qsjs- vxj gkFk esa vaxq'rjh (vaxwBh) gks ;k vkSjr r;Eeqe dj jgh gks rks

og NYys vaxwBh dks [+kwc fgykdj mafXy;ksa esa f[+kyky djs] dksbZ txg

[+kkyh NksM+ u ns] ojuk r;Eeqe u gksxk- blls T+;knk vkSj D;k vklkfu;k¡

gks ldrh gSa\ 'kkjsv~ vySfgLlyke ds ckn fdlh dks gd+ gkfly ugha fd

vgdke esa rx+¸;qj (cnyko) djs-

t+ehu ds vykok jsr] iRFkj] xp ox+Sjk bu lc ij r;Eeqe nq#Lr

gS vkSj tks pht+sa feêh dh fd+Le ls ugha elyu lksuk] pkanh] rkack] ihry]

ydM+h ox+Sjk bu ij r;Eeqe nq#Lr ugha] vycRrk vxj lksuk pkanh feêh

esa feys gq, gksa ;k mu ij xnksZ&X+kqckj gks fd gkFk yxkus ls yx tk, rks

mu ij Hkh r;Eeqe gks ldrk gS- tks pht+s oqT+kw dks rksM+rh gSa mu gh ls

r;Eeqe Hkh VwVrk gS- vxj ikuh u feyus dh otg ls r;Eeqe fd;k vkSj

ikuh fey x;k rks r;Eeqe u jgsxk-

fdu pht+ksa ls X+kqLy Q+T+kZ gksxk&(1) euh dk 'kgor ls fudyuk-

(2) vT+kw ruklqy dk vkSjr ;k enZ ds ed+ke ij x+k;c gksuk-

(3) [+okc ls csnkj gksdj euh dk /kCck ns[kuk] [+okc ;kn gks ;k u gks-

(4) vkSjr ds v¸;kes gST+kks&fuQ+kl dk xqt+juk-

X+kqLy ds Q+T+kZ&(1) dqYyh djuk vkSj fcyk jkst+s x+jkjk djuk-

(2) ukd esa ikuh Mkyuk exj jkst+snkj ,gfr;kr djs-

(3) reke cnu ij ,d ckj ikuh cgkuk-

X+kqLy dh lqUursa&(1) nksuksa gkFk xêksa rd /kksuk-


59

(2) futklr tgk¡&tgk¡ gks mls /kksuk-

(3) X+kqLy ls igys oqT+kw djuk-

(4) reke cnu dk eyuk vkSj rhu ckj ikuh cgkuk-

oqT+kw ds Q+T+kZ&(1) is'kkuh lj ds cky teus dh txg ls BksM+h rd eq¡g dk /kksuk vkSj

,d dku ls nwljs dku rd /kksuk-

(2) nksuksa gkFk e; dksgfu;ksa ds /kksuk-

(3) pkSFkkbZ lj dk elg djuk-

(4) nksuksa ik¡o e; V[+kuksa ds /kksuk-

oqT+kw dh lqUursa&(1) fcfLeYykg dgdj oqT+kw djuk-

(2) nksuksa gkFk rhu ckj /kksuk-

(3) feLokd djuk-

(4) rhu erZck dqYyh] x+jkjk djuk-

(5) ukd esa rhu ckj ikuh Mkyuk-

(6) gj ckj rkt+k ikuh ysdj rhu ckj gj vT+kw (fgLls) dks /kksuk-

(7) oqT+kw dh fu;r djuk-

(8) nk<+h dk f[+kyky djuk-

(9) gkFk ;k mudh mafXy;ksa dk f[+kyky djuk-

(10) lkjs lj dk ,d ckj elg djuk-

(11) dkuksa dk elg djuk-

(12) tSlh rjrhc gS mlh rjg oqT+kw djuk-

(13) yxkrkj /kksuk] bruk oD+Q+k u gksuk fd /kks;k gqvk vkt+k [+kq'd gks

tk,-

oqT+kw ds eqLrgckr&(1) ckn fcfLeYykg v&Å+T+kq fcYykg i<+uk-

(2) gj vT+kw dk lh/ks igys /kksuk-

(3) fd+Cyk : cSBuk-

(4) gj vT+kw ds /kksrs oD+r dYek i<+uk-


60

(5) vaxwBh dks fgykdj ikuh igq¡pkuk-

(6) xnZu dk elg djuk-

(7) gj vT+kw dks eyuk-

(8) ew¡Nksa] iydksa dk f[+kyky djds rj djuk-

(9) fu;r djuk-

(10) cx+Sj fdlh dh enn ds oqT+kw djuk-

(11) oqT+kw dk cpk gqvk ikuh [kM+s gksdj ihuk-

(12) oqT+kw djds nks jdv~r i<+uk-

(13) ik¡pks oD+r dk rkt+k oqT+kw djuk-

(14) ckn oqT+kw dYek&,&'kgknr vkleku dh rjQ+ eq¡g djds i<+uk-

oqT+kw ds ed:gkr&(1) lks dj mBus ds ckn cx+Sj gkFk /kks, crZu esa Mkyuk-

(2) nqfu;k dh ckr djuk-

(3) rhu ckj ls T+;knk /kksuk ;k t+:jr ls t+k;n lQ+Z ([+kpZ) djuk-

(4) eq¡g ij ikuh ekjdj NhaVs mM+kuk-

(5) /kwi ds xeZ ikuh ls oqT+kw djuk-

(6) eq¡g /kksrs oD+r vk¡[kksa ox+Sjk dks t+ksj ls cUn djuk-

(7) uftl txg ij oqT+kw djuk-

(8) nkfgus gkFk ls ukd lkQ+ djuk-

(9) bLrats dh txg oqT+kw djuk-

(10) ck;sa gkFk esa ikuh ysdj dqYyh ds fy;s eq¡g esa ysuk ;k ukd esa

Mkyuk-

(11) oqT+kw ds crZu dks e[+lwl dj ysuk fd nwljk gkFk u yxk lds-

(12) vkt+k dks rhu ckj ls de /kksuk-

(13) ftl diM+s ls bLrats ds ckn cnu lkQ+ fd;k Fkk ml ls oqT+kw ds ckn

eq¡g gkFk [+kq'd djuk-

oqT+kw rksM+us okyh phT+ksa&(1) jhg+ (gok) dk [+kkfjt gksuk-

(2) [+kwu] ihi fudy dj cguk-


61

(3) eq¡g Hkjdj d+S (mYVh) gksuk-

(4) Fkwd esa [+kwu dk x+kfyc gksuk-

(5) bl rjg lgkjk ysdj lksuk fd vxj og gVkbZ tk, rks lksus okyk

fxj iM+s-

(6) u'kk [kkdj erokyk gksuk-

(7) #dw lTns okyh uekt+ esa ckfyx+ dk bruh vkokt+ ls g¡luk fd ikl

okyk lqu ys-

(8) pksV ;k fdlh lnes ls csgks'k gks tkuk-

(9) ikxy gks tkuk-

(10) enZ dh 'keZxkg dk vkSjr ls csinkZ Nw tkuk-

bcknr&vks&uekt+gj et+gcks&feYyr esa bcknr ds rjhd+s eqv¸;u gSa] ysfdu bcknr dh

tks lwjr bLyke us rtoht+ Q+jekbZ og nqfu;k tgku dh feYyrksa ls

uqek;k¡ vkSj fnyu'kha gS-

bcknr tSls vge Q+jht+s dh vnk;xh esa Å¡p&uhp ds fQ+d+kZokjkuk

ed:g tT+ckr 'kkfey dj fn;s x, Fks- jaxks&uLy ds bfEr;kt+kr] nkSyr

dh fd+Yyrks&dljr] vkd+k&vks&X+kqyke dh Q+kSfd+;r bcknr esa Hkh ,d dks

nwljs ls tqnk fd;s gq, Fkh-

vafc;k,&eklwehu us og+h&,&bykgh ds eqrkfcd+ tks rjhd+kgk, bcknr

eqd+jjZj Q+jek, muesa rCnhyh djnh xbZ] cfYd ckt+ rks og Fks tks cqr

ijLrh vkSj ygoks&ybc dks bcknr Bgjkus yxs- pqukaps eq'kfjdhus&eDdk

dkcs ds bnZ&fxnZ cjguk (uaxs) gksdj rkfy;k¡ vkSj lhfV;k¡ ctkdj pDdj

dkVus dks bcknr tkurs Fks] muds bl ckfry [+k;ky dks dqjvku ethn

us bl rjg t+kfgj Q+jek;k&

1- mudh uekt+ [+kkuk dkck ds fxnZ flQ+Z lhfV;k¡ vkSj rkfy;k¡ ctkuk Fkh-

(lwjg vuQ+ky% 35)

blh rjg nwljs ekSd+s ij ;w¡ Q+jek;k&

2- fQj muds tku'khu ,sls gq, ftUgksaus uekt+ t+k, (cjckn) djnh vkSj


62

[+okfg'kkr ds ihNs pyus yxs- d+jhc gS fd bldh lt+k ik,axs- (lwjg

efj;e% 59)

eryc ;g gS fd bLyke ls d+Cy nwljh feYyrksa us bcknr dh :g dks

Q+uk dj fn;k Fkk- fQj ;g Hkh x+kSjryc ckr gS fd nwljs et+kfgc dh

bcknr ds fy, ftl fd+Le dh 'knhn d+Sn yxkbZ xbZa gSa mudks gj bUlku

cnkZ'r Hkh ugha dj ldrk- nhus&fQ+rjr us tks rjhd+k&,&bcknr is'k

Q+jek;k og vxj ,d rjQ+ lqdwus&d+Yc] [+kqT+kw o [+kq'kw] [+kf'k;rs&bykgh]

rgkjrks&rd+ok] rt+fd;k&,&u¶+l dh tgk¡ rYd+hu djrk gS ogha ;g Hkh

crkrk gS fd uekt+ uke gS ljkik cUnxh&vks&b'd+ dk- uekt+ ds gj

#dqu esa vkf'kd+kuk okfygkuk eqgCcr ds uewus ekStwn gSa- d+;keks&#dw]

lTnk ox+Sjk ;g lc vkf'kd+kuk vUnkt+ gSa ftUgsa uekt+h bf[+r;kj djrk

gS- gd+hd+rs uekt+ Hkh ;gh gS fd cUnk bUrgkbZ [+kq'kw ds lkFk reke

[+;kykrs Q+kflnk ls vius fnekx+ dks ikd dj ds ekfyds gd+hd+h ds njckj

esa gkft+j gksdj mldh rekerj roTtg nhnkjs bykgh ds gqlwy esa yxk ns-

ml oD+r ckjxkgs mg+fn;r ds Q+;wT+k dh ckfj'ksa vk,axh vkSj dqjvku

gdhe ds bl Q+jeku ds eqrkfcd+ dke;kch gkfly gksxh-

ß;d+huu og bZekunkj dke;kc gq, tks viuh uekt+ksa esa [+kq'kw j[krs

gSaÞ- (lwjg eksfeuwu% 1&2)

fcyk'kqck ,slh uekt+ esjktqy&eksfeuhu gS tc rd bl fd+Le ds

gkykr uekt+h ij okfjn u gksa uekt+ dh cjdkr ls eg:eh jgsxh-

bLykeh uekt+ dh vnk;xh esa u rks og 'knhn dS+n j[kh xbZa tks nwljs

et+kfgc esa Fkha cfYd oqT+kw dk d+kbe&ed+ke r;Eeqe gqvk- l[+r chekjks&

t+bZQ+ ds fy;s d+;keks&dq+Ån dh ctk; b'kkjkr dk gqDe Hkh ns fn;k x;k-

uLyks&jax ds reke bfEr;kt+kr uekt+ esa feVk fn, x,- 'kkg&xnk] vkd+k&

vks&X+kqyke ,d lQ+ esa tek dj fn;s x, vkSj bUlkuh rUt+he dk 'kckuk

jkst+ nlZ fn;k x;k-

bLykeh uekt+ o bcknr dh vgfe;r dk ml oD+r lgh vUnkt+k gks

ldrk gS tcfd nwljs et+kfgc dh bcknkr dk xgjh ut+j ls eqrkYvk

fd;k tk,- vkt vxj eqlyeku uekt+ dh gd+hd+h fyT+t+r gkfly djsa


63

vkSj uekT+k dh :g muesa iwjh rjg ekStwn gks rks nkos ls dgk tk ldrk

gS fd bLyke dk ;gh ,d vdsyk #dqu eqlyekuksa ds bejkt+ dk bykt

dj ldrk gS-

vk;kr (rtZqek)&1- uekt+ i<+k djks] t+dkr fn;k djks vkSj tks #dw djrs gSa muds lkFk

rqe Hkh >qdk djks- (lwjg cd+jg% 43)

2- reke uekt+ksa dh (meweu) vkSj chp dh uekt+ dh ([+kqlwlu) fgQ+kt+r

j[kks vkSj vYykg ds vkxs vnc ls [kM+s jgks- (lwjg cd+jg% 238)

gnhl ls lkfcr gS fd lykrs&oqLrk ls eqjkn vlz dh uekt+ gS-

dkjksckjh gkyr ds fygkt+ ls ;g oD+r e'kX+kwfy;r dk Fkk bl fy, T+;knk

rkdhn Q+jekbZ xbZ-

3- (,s uch) fnu ds nksuksa fljs (;kuh lqcgks&'kke) vkSj vokbys 'kc uekt+

i<+k djks] D;ksafd usfd;k¡ xqukgksa dks nwj dj nsrh gSa- t+kfdjhu ds gd+ esa

gekjk ;g Q+jekuk ulhgr gS- (lwjg gwn% 114)

4- (,s iSx+Ecj!) vkQ+rkc <yus ls jkr ds va/ksjs rd (T+kqgj] vlz]

ex+fjc] b'kk) dh uekt+sa i<+ks vkSj dq+jvku i<+ks Q+ftj dks-

(lwjg cuh blzkbZ% 78)

;gk¡ dq+jvkuqy&Q+tz ls Q+ftj dh uekt+ eqjkn gS- t+oky ls x+Ld+ rd

uekt+ ds gqDe esa T+kqgj] vlz] ex+fjc] b'kk pkjksa uekt+sa nkf[+ky gSa] pwafd

lqcg dh uekt+sa jkr ds eqgkfQ+t+ Q+fj'rksa dh rCnhyh gksrh gS blfy, ml

dks e'kgwn Q+jek;k-

5- il vYykg dh rLchg fd;k djks tc 'kke djks vkSj tc lqcg djks-

mlh ds okLrs gEn gS t+ehuks&vkleku esa vkSj (rLchg fd;k djks) rhljs

igj vkSj T+kqgj ds oD+r- (lwjg :e%17&18)

;gk¡ rLchg ls eqjkn ;k rks [+kqnk dh rD+nhlks rfUt+;k vkSj mldh ;kn

esa e'kX+kwy gksuk gS ;k ik¡pksa uekt+sa D;ksafd uekt+ esa Hkh rLchgks&rD+nhl

gksrh gS- relwu ls eqjkn ex+fjcks&b'kk] rqlfcgwu ls Q+ftj] v+f'k;k ls

vlz vkSj rt+g:u ls T+kqgj eqjkn gSa-

6- vkSj nksLr j[krsa gSa uekt+ dks vkSj tks geus fn;k gS mlesa ls [+kpZ djrs


64

gSa- (lwjg cd+jg% 3)

7- vkSj yksxksa ls usd ckr dgks vkSj nq#Lr djks uekt+ dks vkSj t+dkr

nks- (lwjg cd+jg% 83)

8- vkSj vYykg us Q+jek;k eSa rqEgkjs lkFk gw¡ vxj rqe uekt+ d+kbe djrs

vkSj t+dkr nsrs- (lwjg ekbnk% 12)

vgknhl&(1) gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k cUns vkSj dqÝ+ ds njE;ku (gns Q+kfly) rdZ djuk

uekt+ dk gS- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2620)

bl gnhl esa rkjds&lykr ds fy;s obZn gS-

2- gt+jr vch mekek jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k ik¡pksa uekt+ksa dks i<+ks vkSj ekgs&fl;ke ds jkst+s j[kks

vkSj vius eky dh t+dkr vnk djks vkSj lkfgcs gqDe dh brkv~r djks

[+kqnk dh cfg'r esa tkvksxs- (tkes frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 616] eqLuns

vgen] ft-36&lq-487)

3- gt+jr mcknk fcu lkfer jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnk us ik¡p uekt+sa Q+t+Z dh gSa ftlus muds

fy, vPNk oqT+kw fd;k vkSj oD+r ij mudks vnk fd;k vkSj #dw iwjk fd;k

vkSj [+kq'kw fd;k mlds okLrs vYykg rvkyk dk vgn gS fd mls c[+'k ns

vkSj tks ,slk u djs mlds fy, [+kqnk dk vgn ugha [+okg c[+'ks ;k vt+kc

ns- (lquu vch nkÅn] gnhl ua0 425] eqLuns vgen] ft-37&lq-377)

uekT+k esa [+kqywl&gt+jr vch t+j jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa ,d fnu gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye tkM+s ds ekSle esa ml oD+r fudys tcfd iRrs >M+ jgs Fks-

vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us nj[+rksa dh nks 'kk[+ksa idM+ yha] iRrs

>M+us yxs] gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k& ,s vcwt+j! eSaus

vt+Z fd;k gkft+j gw¡ ;k jlwyqYykg- cUn&,&eqfLye uekt+ i<+s [+kkl

vYykg rvkyk ds fy;s il mlds xqukg blh rjg fxjrs gSa tSls ;g iRrs

>M+rs gSa- (eqLuns vgen] ft-35&lq-440&41)


65

otgqYykg dh d+Sn ds ekv~uk ;g gSa uekt+ esa [+kqT+kw o [+kq'k gks] fdlh

dks fn[kkus dh uekt+ u gks] fj;k (fn[kkos) ls [+kkyh gks rks ml uekt+ dh

cjdr ls xqukg iÙkksa dh rjg >M+us yxsaxs-

uekT+k fdl rjg i<+uh pkfg;s&gt+jr vcwgqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa ,d 'k[+l efLtn esa vk;k-

jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye efLtn ds ,d xks'ks esa cSBs gq, Fks-

uekt+ i<+us ds ckn og 'k[+l vk;k vkSj lyke fd;k] gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us tokc lyke fn;k vkSj Q+jek;k ykSV tk rsjh uekt+

ugha gqbZ- nksckjk tkdj ml 'k[+l us uekt+ i<+h] ckn uekt+ vkdj lyke

fd;k] vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us tokc lyke nsdj fQj Q+jek;k

ykSV rsjh uekt+ ugha gqbZ- tc uekt+ ds fy;s [kM+k gks rks (igys) vPNh

rjg oqT+kw dj fQj fd+Cyk : [kM+k gksdj rdchj dg] fQj dq+jvku esa ls

tks rsjs fy;s vklku gks mldks i<+] bfReuku ls #dw dj] mlds ckn lj

mBkdj [kM+k gks] mlds ckn bfReuku ls lTnk dj] mlds ckn lj mBkdj

bfReukus d+Yc ds lkFk cSB fQj bfReuku ls lTnk dj- ,d fjok;r esa

;g Hkh gS fd vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k fQj viuk lj

mBk ;gk¡ rd fd lh/kk [kM+k gks fQj blh rjg viuh dqy uekt+ esa dj-


;gk¡ ij cgqr lh vgknhl ntZ gks ldrh Fkha exj cotg rokyr

nwljs ekSds+ ds fy;s NksM+ nh xbZa- bu vgknhls 'kjhQ+k dh x+T+kksZ&x+k;r ;gh

gS fd uekt+ ds vjdku c[+kwch vnk djsa rks mudks nhuh o nqfu;oh

cjdkr gkfly gksaxh- tc rd uekt+ dk ;g vkye u gks uekt+ ds

gd+hd+h urkbt dk iSnk gksuk eqf'dy gS-

vkSd+kr&,&uekt+µ ihNs lqQ+gkr esa ge uekt+ ls eqrkfYyd+ vk;kr

tek dj vk, gSa] muesa ik¡pksa uekt+ksa dh Q+ft+Z;r vkSj vkSd+kr dk

eq[+rflj ft+Ø gS- bu lqrwj esa fdlh d+nz rQ+lhy ls gfn;k&,&ukft+jhu

djrs gSa rkfd vkSd+kr ds ckjs esa gj 'k[+l vklkuh ls ekywekr dj lds-

gt+jr vCnqYykg fcu mej jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k T+kqgj dk oD+r ml oD+r gksrk gS tcfd vkQ+rkc <y tk,


66

vkSj vkneh dk lk;k mlds rwy ds ekfuUn gks tk, tc rd vlz dk oD+r

u vk tk, vkSj vlz dk oD+r tc rd lwjt t+nZ u gks vkSj oD+rs uekt+

ex+fjc dk tc rd fd u x+k;c gks 'kQ+d+ vkSj uekt+ b'kk dk vk/kh jkr

rd vkSj uekt+s Q+tz dk rqywv~ Q+tz ls vkQ+rkc fudyus rd ftl oD+r

vkQ+rkc rqywv~ gks tk, rks uekt+ u i<+s blfy, fd bl oD+r 'kSrku

vius nks lhaxksa ds lkFk fudyrk gS- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 1388)

rQ+lhy vkSd+kr&,&uekt+Q+tz& fiNyh jkr dks lqcg gksus ls dqN igys iwjc esa vkleku ds fdukjsls Åij dh tkfuc mBrh gqbZ ykach lQ+snh t+kfgj gksrh gS mldks lqcgs&

dkft+c dgrs gSa- ;g lQ+snh feVdj fQj pkSM+h lQ+snh QSyh gqbZ ut+j vkrh

gS tks QSyrh pyh tkrh gS- FkksM+h nsj esa lkjk vkye jkS'kuks&equOoj gks

tkrk gS mldks lqcgs&lkfnd+ dgrs gSa- ;g pkSM+h lQ+snh tc t+kfgj gks rks

Q+tz dk oD+r vk tkrk gS vkSj vkQ+rkc fudyus rd ckd+h jgrk gS- t+jk

lk fdukjk&,&vkQ+rkc fudyk Q+tz dk oD+r [+kRe gks x;k-

T+kqgj& tc vkQ+rkc lj ds cjkcj igq¡pdj ifPNe dh tkfuc <y tk,T+kqgj dk oD+r 'kq: gks tkrk gS- mldh f'kuk[+r /kwi ds oD+r vklku gS]

gj 'k[+l igpku ldrk gS- elyu ;w¡ lef>;s tc lwjt fudyrk gS rks

mldh jkS'kuh edkukr ij iM+sxh] ml oD+r gj pht+ dk lk;k ifPNe dh

rjQ+ QSyk gksrk gS] ftruk&ftruk vkQ+rkc cqyUn gksxk gj pht+ dk

lk;k mÙkj dh lh/k esa vkrk gS vkSj nksigj <yrs gh iwjc dks eqM+us yxrk

gS- tc ns[kks fd lk;s dk #[+k iwjc dh rjQ+ gks x;k lef>;s oD+rs&T+kqgj

gks x;k- vkf[+kj T+kqgj dh gn ;g gS Bhd nksigj dks ftruk lk;k gks

mldks NksM+dj tc rd cd+kSy vgukQ+s&eq¶+rh ds eqrkfcd+ nksxquk u gks

T+kqgj ckd+h gS-

vlz& tc lk;k nksxquk gks x;k vlz dk oD+r vk x;k- elyu gkFk Hkjdh ydM+h cjkcj t+ehu esa xM+h gks Bhd nksigj ds oD+r mldk lk;k ,d

ckfy'r Fkk] tc ns[kks nks gkFk ,d ckfy'r lk;k ut+j vk, T+kqgj dk

oD+r ckd+h gS vkSj tc bruk lk;k vk x;k vlz dk oD+r 'kq: gks x;k-

vlz dk vkf[+kj oD+r lwjt Mwcus rd ckd+h jgrk gS] ysfdu tc rd


67

lwjt dh jkS'kuh ckd+h jgs] /kwi esa t+nhZ u ik, vlz i<+ ys rk[+khj u djs-

/kwi dh t+nhZ ds oD+r vlz i<+uk ed:g gS- vykok oD+rs&vlz vkSj uekt+

d+T+kk] ufQ+y ml oD+r u i<+s] mlh fnu dh vlz vkQ+rkc Mwcrs oD+r i<+

ldrk gS-

eX+kfjc& lwjt Mwcrs gh ex+fjc dk oD+r 'kq: gks tkrk gS vkSj tc rdifPNe esa vkleku ds fdukjs ij 'kQ+d+ dh lq[+khZ ckd+h jgs ex+fjc dk

oD+r jgsxk- uekt+s&ex+fjc esa bruh rk[+khj djuk fd rkjs [+kwc jkS'ku gks

tk,¡ ed:g gS-

b'kk& 'kQ+d+ vkSj lq[+khZ o lQ+snh tkrs gh fcyk roD+d+qQ+ b'kk dk oD+r'kq: gks tkrk gS- csgrj ;g gS fd frgkbZ jkr rd b'kk i<+ fy;k djs-

Q+ftj dh uekt+ bruh nsj dj dj i<+uk csgrj gS fd jkS'kuh QSy

tk, vkSj bruk oD+r ckd+h jgs fd cd+nz pkyhl vk;r Q+t+Z esa i<+ lds

vkSj Q+t+Z i<+dj bruk oD+r ckd+h jgs fd vxj uekt+ esa dksbZ [+kjkch gks

tk, rks igys uekt+ dh rjg mruh gh fd+jv~r ls nksgjk lds- xehZ ds

ekSle esa T+kqgj dks nsj esa vkSj tkM+s esa vOoy oD+r i<+s-

vT+kku& bLyke us Q+jhT+kk&,&bcknr dh vnk;xh ls d+Cy vt+ku dkst+:jh d+jkj fn;k] funk o ,syku esa ctk; eqf'jdkuk vkeky&vks&vrokj

ds rkSghnks&fjlkyr dk i;ke fn;k rkfd bUlku vius d+Ycks&fnekx+ esa

eqofgnkuk tT+ckr iSnk dj ds bcknr ds fy, gkft+j gks- ;g 'kkus&nkorks&

i;ke Hkh nhxj et+kfgc esa ugha fey ldrh-

vt+ku ds Q+t+kby vgknhls&'kjhQ+k esa cdljr ik;s tkrs gSa tks

eq[+rlju viuh txg ntZ gksaxs- vxj eqvfT+t+u dh vkokt+ esa vlj gks

rks ;g lnk vkleku&vks&t+ehu dks fgyk ldrh gS- gekjs eqvfT+t+uksa dks

vkSd+krs&uekt+ vkSj elkby ox+Sjk dk t+:jh bYe gksuk ykft+eh gS- tc

rd jkst+ejkZ ds elkby dk bYe u gksxk lgh vkSd+kr ij vt+ku Hkh u

gksxh- bl flyflys esa eqefydrs&vklfQ+;k ndu dk egdek&,&mewj

et+gch d+kfcys lrkb'k gS fd cx+Sj bfErgku ds eqvfT+t+uhu dk rd+#Zj

ugha fd;k tkrk- vxj gekjs vrjkQ+ esa Hkh bldk uT+e d+kbe fd;k tk,

rks equkflc gksxk- d+qjvku esa gS&


68

(rtZqek) ßtc rqe vt+ku nsdj uekt+ ds fy, cqykrs gks rks ;g (dq¶+Q+kj)

uekt+ dks g¡lh vkSj [ksy cukrs gSa] ;g yksx ukle> gSaÞ-

(lwjg ekbng% 58)

vgknhl&(1) gt+jr mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us bj'kkn Q+jek;k tc eqvfT+t+u ^vYykgqvdcj* dgs rks rqe esa ls gj

,d vYykgq vdcj dgs- tc og ^v'kgnq vaYykbykgk&bYyYyk* dgs rks

rqe Hkh ^v'kgnq vaYykbykgk&bYyYyk* dgks- tc ^v'kgnq vUuk eqgEenqj

jlwyqYykg* dgs rks rqe Hkh ^v'kgnq vUuk eqgEenqj jlwyqYykg* dgks- tc

^g¸;k vyl&lykg* dgs rks rqe ^yk g+kSy oyk dq+Oor bYyk&fcYykg dgks

vkSj tc ̂vYykgqvdcj* dgs rks rqe Hkh ̂vYykgqvdcj* dgks- tks 'k[+l

[+kqywls&d+Yc ls ^yk bykgk bYyYykg* dgsxk tUur esa nkf[+ky gksxk-


(2) gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l vt+ku lquus ds ckn bl nqvk dks i<+s rks

esjh 'kQ+kv~r mlds fy, okftc gksxh- (;kuh& vYykgqEek jCck gkft+fgn&

nv+ofrr&rkEefr oLlykfry d+kbefr vkfr eqg+Eenk fuy olhyrk oy

Q+t+hyrk ocv+lgq ed+kee&eg+ewny&yt+h o v+Rrg-)


(3) gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnkoUnk! vbEek dks

fgnk;r ns vkSj eqvfT+t+uksa dh ex+fQ+jr Q+jek-

(tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 207] eqluns vgen ft-14] lq- 485)

(4) gt+jr bCus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k ftl 'k[+l us [+kqnk ds okLrs 7 cjl vt+ku nh] fy[kh

tkrh gS mlds fy;s nkst+[+k ls [+kqyklh- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 206)

rgjhds elkftn& vxj bl oD+r gj lwcs o ft+ys ds vknkn Q+jkgefd;s tk,¡ rks irk pyrk gS fd gekjh x+Q+yr o ykijokgh ls gt+kjksa

efLtnsa ohjku iM+h gqbZ gSa- ubZ elkftn dh rkehj ls T+;knk t+:jr ohjku

elkftn dh vkcknh dh gS- ge vius gkFkksa elkftn dh csgqjerh djrs gSa


69

mlh dk ;g urhtk gksrk gS fd nwljs vius bx+jkt+ (ed+kfln) gkfly

djrs gSa- tc rd eqlyekuksa esa elkftn dh bT+t+rks&gqjer dk [+kqn tT+ck

iSnk u gksxk vx+;kjks&vtkfuc (x+Sjksa) ls fgQ+kt+rks&l;kur dk eqrkYck

fQ+T+kwy gS- elkftn dh lcls cM+h f[+kner ;g gS fd x+Sj vkckn elkftn

uekft+;ksa ls vkckn dh tk,¡] gekjs vbEek ,sls gksa tks jksT+kejkZ uekft+;ksa

dks elkbys nhfu;k ds lkFk&lkFk nwljs vge T+kq:fj;kr dk nlZ nsa vkSj

gekjh [+kjkfc;ksa dh bLykg ds oks rjhd+s tks bLykeh fut+kes&vEy esa ekStwn

gSa c;ku djsa- vxj ekewyh roTtg ls gj efLtn esa uekt+ksa ds ckn

eqlyekuksa dks mudh T+kq:fj;kr ls ck[+kcj fd;k tkrk jgs rks eqefdu ugha

fd mudh ft+Unxh esa rCnhyh u gks-

vxj rUt+he elkftn dk dke jLeks&uqekb'k ls gVkdj gd+hd+h lwjr

ds lkFk 'kq: fd;k tk, rks mlds urkbt cgqr tYn cjken gks ldrs gSa-

vQ+lksl fd ge viuh bcknrxkgksa ds fut+ke dh vgfe;r ls cs[+kcj

gSa- og dkSu lh nhuh o nqfu;oh t+:jr gS ftls elkftn iwjk ugha dj

ldrha- d+q:us&Åyk ('kq: ds nkSj) esa elkftn gh Fkha ftuesa Q+jht+k&,&bcknr

dh vnk;xh ds vykok eqlyekuksa dh T+kq:fj;kr dh rdehy gksrh-

rgjhds&elkftn dks xqfT+k'rk uewus ij vkxs c<+kus dh t+:jr gS] oukZ

lrgh vkSj oD+rh gaxkek&vkjkb;ksa ls elkftn dh gd+hd+h bx+jkt+ gjfxt+

gkfly ugha ldrha-

vk;kr (rtZqek)& (1) vYykg dh efLtnksa dks ogh vkckn j[krk gS tks[+kqnk vkSj d+;ker ij bZeku yk;k] uekt+ i<+rk vkSj t+dkr nsrk jgk]

[+kqnk ds flok fdlh ls u Mjk] ,sls gh yksx d+jhc gS fd fgnk;r ik;s gq,

yksxksa esa 'kkfey gks tk,¡- (lwjg rkSck% 18)

(2) mlls T+;knk t+kfye dkSu tks elkftn&vYykg esa [+kqnk ds ft+Ø djus

ls jksds vkSj elkftn ds mtkM+us dh dksf'k'k djs- ;g yksx bl d+kfcy

ugha fd elkftn esa ?kqlus ikrs exj Mjrs&Mjrs- muds fy;s nqfu;k esa

#lokbZ vkSj vk[+kjr esa cM+k vt+kc gS- (lwjg cd+jg% 114)

vgknhl& (1) gt+jr mleku jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftl 'k[+l us vYykg ds okLrs efLtn cukbZ


70

[+kqnk mlds fy;s cfg'r esa ?kj cukrk gS- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 1189)

(2) vch ewlk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k lokc ds ,rckj ls yksxksa esa cM+k og gS tks nwj ls uekt+ ds

fy;s pydj vk, vkSj tks muesa cbZn gks vkSj og 'k[+l fd tks beke ds

bfUrt+kj esa rk[+khj ls uekt+ beke ds lkFk i<+s] cM+k gS ntsZ esa ml 'k[+l

ls tks uekt+ i<+s vkSj lks tk,- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 651)

(3) il pkfg;s fd mlls dgs fd vYykg rq> ij (og 'k;) okil u djs]

cs'kd efLtnsa blds okLrs ugha cukbZ xbZa- (tkes frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 223]

uksV% ;g gnhl gt+jr cjhnk vlyeh ls ejoh gS-)

efLtn esa nkf[+ky gksus dh nqvk&(1) gt+jr vcw mlSn jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k

tc rqe esa ls dksbZ efLtn esa nkf[+ky gks rks ;w¡ dgs] [+kqnkoUnk! esjs fy;s

vius jger ds njokt+s [kksy ns vkSj tc okil vk, rks dgs] [+kqnkoUnk!

esa rq> ls rsjk Q+T+y pkgrk gw¡- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 1652)

(2) gt+jr vcw mekek jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l ?kj ls oqT+kw dj dj Q+t+Z dh uekt+

ds fy;s fudyrk gS rks mldk vtz gt djus okys ds cjkcj gS-

(lquu vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua0 558)

efLtn dh gqjer& tks 'k[+l lqus dksbZ 'k[+l efLtn esa xqe'kqnk pht+dks ryk'k djrk fQjrk gS il pkfg;s fd mlls dgs fd vYykg rq> ij

(og 'k;) okil u djs- cs'kd efLtnsa blds okLrs ugha cukbZ xbZa-


tekv~r& uekt+s&tekv~r dh rkdhn ftu gd+kbd+ ds ckbl Q+jekbZ xbZmudh rQ+lhy dk ;g ekSd+k ugha- rUt+hes&feYyr] bfÙkgknks&;xkaxr]

eqoírks&eqgCcr ds tT+ckr dks csgrjhu nlsZ&vEy uekt+ cktekv~r esa

ekStwn gS- 'kckuk jkst+ ik¡p oD+r eqlyekuksa dks ckjxkgs&mgfn;r esa gkft+j

gksdj] vehjks&Q+d+hj] lqYrkuks&[+kkfne dks ,d lQ+ esa ;dtk dj dj tks

:gs+&g+;kr uekt+s&tekv~r ds t+fj;s iSnk gks ldrh gS] og nwljksa dh x+yr

rd+yhn vkSj uqd+w'ks&d+ne ij eqrgfjZd gksus ls gjfxt+ gkfly ugha gks


71

ldrh- gj eqgYys ds ckf'kUnksa dks nkors&gd+ ds i;ke vkSj ejdt+s&bLyke

ij d+kbe djus ds fy;s jkst+kuk ds bfTrek dk tekv~r ls csgrj vkSj

D;k t+fj;k gks ldrk gS- fQj g¶+rkokjh bfTrek ;kuh uekt+s&tqek] ;s lkjs

'kgj ds eqlyekuksa dk og eqd+ílks&eksgrje Q+jht+k gS ftlds [+kqrckr esa

eqlyekuksa dks nhuh o nqfu;oh] v[+kykd+h o eqvk'kjrh] fl;klh o d+kSeh

x+jt+] bLykeh vgdkeks&T+kq:fj;kr dk nlZ fn;k tkuk ed+lwn gS-

uekt+s bZnSu dks 'kgjh vkcknh ds vykok nsgkrh o d+Lckrh ft+Unxh

xqt+kjus okyksa ls rkYyqd+kr ds bLrgdke] muds nq[k&nnZ] gkykrks&T+kq:fj;kr

ls ck[+kcj j[kus ds fy;s eqd+jZj fd;k x;k- vkt vxj BaMs fny ls lkspk

tk, rks ekywe gksrk gS fd nwljh d+kSesa gekjs bu Q+jkbt+ks&mlwy gh dks

lkeus j[kdj viuk ykbg;&vEy eqjfÙkc dj jgh gSa] exj ok;s cj&gky&ek

fd ge vius gd+kbd+ ls x+kfQ+y vkSj rkyhekrks&bj'kknkrs ucfo;k ls nwj

gksrs tk jgs gSa- dk'k! gesa vius vkd+k&vks&ekSyk :g+h ygqy fQ+nk ds

bj'kknkrs&vkfy;kr ij vey djus dk 'kkSd+ gksrk vkSj oD+rh gaxkek

vkjkb;ksa dh ctk; uekt+ dks uekt+s&cktekv~r ds veyh rkSj ij ikcUn

gks tkrs rks elkftnqYykg tks fdlh oD+r fdlh dh feYd ugha gks ldrha]

vfx+;kj dh mu ij nLr&cnZ D;ksa gksrh-

vgknhl (rtZqek)& (1) gt+jr bCus mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSagqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k uekt+s&tekv~r uekt+s&eqUQ+fjn

(rUgk) ls lÙkkbZl ntsZ c<+h gqbZ gS-


(2) gt+jr vcwgqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k eq>s ml t+kr dh d+le! ftlds d+Ct+s esa esjh tku gS

eSaus d+ln (bjknk) fd;k fd fdlh dks ydM+h tek djus dk gqDe d:¡] tc

og tek gks tk, rks uekt+ dk gqDe nw¡ vkSj fQj vt+ku dgh tk,] fQj

eSa ,d 'k[+l dks gqDe nw¡ fd og beker djk, vkSj eSa mu yksxksa dh rjQ+

tkÅ¡ tks uekt+ esa gkft+j ugha gq,] fQj muds ?kjksa esa vkx yxk nw¡- [+kqnk

dh d+le] vxj rkjdhu (uekt+ rdZ djus okys) esa ls fdlh dks ,d

xks'r dh Q+ckZ gìh ;k nks mEnk ?kM+ksa ds ikuh dh mEehn gksrh rks uekt+s


72

b'kk esa t+:j gkft+j gksrs- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 644)

bl d+nj obZn ds ckn Hkh gekjk tekv~r dh uekt+ ls nwj jguk cbZn

vt+ nkok&,&eqgCcrs bLykeh gS ftlds urkbt ge Hkqxr jgs gSa-

(3) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye dh f[+kner esa ,d ukchuk gkft+j gq, vkSj dgk fd efLtn rd

esjh jkguqekbZ djus okyk ugha] bl gkyr esa #[+lr nh tk, fd ?kj esa

uekt+ i<+w¡- gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us #[+lr ns nh- ftl oD+r

og 'k[+l pyk x;k rks Q+jek;k mldks cqykvks] tc okil vk x;k rks

Q+jek;k D;k rw vt+ku lqurk gS\ vt+Z fd;k gk¡- Q+jek;k rks efLtn esa

t+:j vk- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 1486)

vxj ,d jdv~r Hkh ikbZ rks gLcs&bj'kkns ucfo;k mlus tekv~r dk

lokc ik;k-

(4) ftlus uekt+ dh ,d jdv~r Hkh (tekv~r ls) ikbZ mlus uekt+ dk

lokc ik;k- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 1371)

beker& vksgn&,&beker ,d ,slh ft+Eesnkjh dk vksgnk gS ftlds fy;sQ+jkbt+ vkSj T+k:jh fgnk;kr gSa- cnfd+Lerh ls gekjs ;gk¡ ;g vge dke

Hkh finjh fojklr cu x;k gS] [+okg 'kjbZ ud+kbl Hkh gksa vkSj Q+jkbt+s

beker dh vgfy;rs et+gch ekStwn u gks fQj Hkh nkok&,&beker&vks&

f[+krkcr ds tT+ckr dkjQ+jek gksrs gSa-

beker esa lcls eqd+íe vkv+ye&fcLlqUug] bd+jk fcyfdrkc ;kuh

elkbys gnhl o vgdkes uekt+ lcls T+;knk tkuus okyk] lcls T+;knk

vPNk dqjvku i<+us okyk gks] eqÙkd+h&vks&ijgst+xkj gks- fQ+ytqeyk

eqlyekuksa esa T+kh bT+t+r gks- tc rd beke esa ;g flQ+kr u gksa og

beker dk vgy ugha- vc ;gk¡ ckt+ vgknhls 'kjhQ+k d+qjvkus djhe dks

fd+jv~r&vks&rjrhy ls frykor djus dh ntZ dh tkrh gSa&

(1) gt+jr vcwgqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k og 'k[+l ge esa ls ugha tks dq+jvku dks [+kq'kqygkuh

(vPNh vkokt+) ls ugha i<+rk- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 7527)

;g gnhl eqckjdk eq[+rfyQ+ jkfo;ksa ds ukeksa ls vkbZ gS] vYQ+kt+ ,d


73

gh gSa blfy, eqlfUuQ+ us flQ+Z ,d fjok;r ij bfDrQ+k fd;k-

(2) gt+jr lkv~n fcu vch od+kl jft+;Yykgq vUgq Q+jekrs gSa eSaus gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq, lquk ;g d+qjvku gqT+uks&x+e ds

lkFk ukft+y gqvk il ftl oD+r frykor djks rks jksvks] vxj jksuk u

vk, rks #ykvks vkSj vPNh vkokt+ ls i<+ks tks [+kq'kqygkuh ls u i<+s og

ge esa ls ugha- (lquu bCus ektg] gnhl ua0 1337)

vgknhls 'kjhQ+k ds vykok dq+jvku ikd Hkh lkQ+ rkSj ij Q+jek jgk gS&

ßo jfÙkfyy dq+jvkuk rjrhyk-Þ (lwjg eqt+fEey% 4)

lQ+ dh ikcUnh& beke dks pkfg;s fd uekt+ 'kq: djus ls igysuekft+;ksa dks lQ+ dh nq#Lrh dh rjQ+ ekby djs- vgknhls 'kjhQ+k esa

lQ+ksa dh nq#Lrh dh cgqr T+;knk rkdhn dh xbZ gS- vke rkSj ij ns[kk

tkrk gS fd yksx lQ+ksa esa txg [+kkyh NksM+ nsrs gSa] dHkh lQ+s&vOoy esa dqN

fgLlk [+kkyh gS rks dHkh nwljh vkSj rhljh esa txg ckd+h gS] ;g ckr

'kjv~u euk gS- vgknhl vkSj dqrqcs&fQ+D+d+g esa rlfo;k&,&lqQ+wQ+ (lQ+ksa

dh nq#Lrh) ds muoku ij T+;knk ls T+;knk vgknhl&vks&vgdke gSa-

tkfcj fcu lejk dh gnhl esa gS&

(1) D;k rqe [+kqnk ds lkeus Q+fj'rksa dh rjg lQ+sa ugha cka/krs\ geus vt+Z

fd;k Q+fj'rs fdl rjg lQ+sa cka/krs gSa] vius jc ds uT+nhd\ Q+jek;k

iwjk djrs gSa igys lQ+ksa dks vkSj lQ+ esa feydj [kM+s gksrs gSa-


(2) gt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

Q+jek;k viuh lQ+sa feyh gqbZ j[kks vkSj vkil esa feys gq, [kM+s gks- d+le

gS ml t+kr dh ftlds d+Ct+s esa esjh tku gS eSa ns[krk gw¡ fd 'kSrku lQ+ksa

ds njE;kuh txg esa HksM+ ds cPps dh rjg nkf[+ky gksrk gS-

(lquu vchnkÅn] gnhl ua0 667)

uekt+ ds 'kjkbr&fiNys lQ+gkr esa uekt+ dh vgfe;r o vkSd+kr ox+Sjk dh eq[+rflj

cgl dh xbZ gS] ysfdu tc rd 'kjkbrs&uekt+ ls okd+fQ+;r u gks

d+ne&d+ne ij nq'okfj;k¡ gksrh gSa] blfy, ;gk¡ mudk c;ku t+:jh ekywe


74

gksrk gS-

uekT+k ds lkr 'kjkbr&(1) uekt+h ds cnu dk ikd gksuk] gktrs X+kqLy gks rks ugk ys] oqT+kw u gks

rks oqT+kw dj ys] cnu ij utklr gks rks /kksdj ikd dj ys-

(2) cnu ds diM+ksa dk ikd gksuk-

(3) eqlYyk (tkuekt+) dk ikd gksuk-

(4) enZ dks t+sjs ukQ+ ls nksuksa ?kqVuksa lesr diM+s ls Nqikuk] vkSjr dks

flok; eq¡g ds nksuksa ik¡o] gFksfy;ksa dk Nqikuk-

(5) fd+Cyk : gksuk-

(6) fu;r djuk-

(7) oD+r dk gksuk] mldks igpkuuk-

uekt+ ds lkr vjdku ;k vUn:uh Q+jkbT+k&(1) rdchjs rgjhek (vYykgq vdcj) dguk-

(2) [kM+k gksuk-

(3) dq+jvku ethn dh dqN vk;rsa i<+uk-

(4) #dw djuk-

(5) lTnk (ukd vkSj is'kkuh yxkdj) djuk-

(6) d+knk&,&v[+khjk (vkf[+kj dk) esa vÙkfg¸;kr i<+us dh fed+nkj cSBuk-

(7) uekt+ ls vius d+ln vkSj Q+sv~ys&bf[+r;kjh ls fudyuk-

uekT+k ds X;kjg okftckr&(1) vygEn i<+uk-

(2) vygEn ds lkFk lwjr feykuk-

(3) gj Q+t+Z dks vius ekSd+s ij rjrhc ds lkFk vnk djuk-

(4) igyh nks jdv~rsa fd+jv~r ds okLrs eqd+jZj djuk-

(5]6) nksuksa d+kv~nksa esaa vÙkfg¸;kr i<+uk-

(7) vLlykeqvySdqe dg dj lyke Qsjuk-

(8) igyh nks jdv~rksa esa vygEn ds lkFk dksbZ lwjr ;k rhu NksVh vk;rsa

i<+uk-

(9) #dw o lTnk o nwljs vjdku dk bfReuku ls vnk djuk-


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(10) nks lTnksa ds njE;ku esa dqN cSBuk- ftu uekt+ksa esa vygEn o lwjr

ckvkokt+ i<+h tkrh gS ml esa vkokt+ ls i<+uk] ftu esa vkfgLrk mu esa

vkfgLrk i<+uk-

(11) nks jdv~r ds ckn vÙkfg¸;kr i<+us cSBuk] iS nj iS (,d ds ckn

,d) vjdku vnk djuk- okftckr ;gh gSa ckd+h lqUurs eqvfDdnk ;k

eqLrgc gSa-

uekT+k dh 12 lqUursa&(1) rdchjs Åyk gj uekt+ vkSj N% rdchjkr t+kbn bZnSu esa gkFk dkuksa

rd mBkuk-

(2) nkfguk gkFk ck,¡ gkFk ds Åij j[k dj cka/kuk-

(3) lqCgkuk dYykgqEek-----oyk bykgk x+S#d rd i<+uk (eqD+rnh ds fy;s)-

(4) ckn luk beke o eqUQ+fjn nksuksa dk vÅ+T+kq fcYykfg feu''kSrk

fujZthe i<+uk-

(5) vÅ+T+kq fcYykfg ds ckn fcfLeYyk fgjZgek fujZghe i<+uk-

(6) gj jdv~r esa fd+jv~r ls Q+kfjx+ gksdj #dw esa tkrs oD+r] lTnk djrs

oD+r] lTns ls lj mBkrs oD+r] nwljs lTns esa tkrs vkSj nwljh jdv~r ds

fy;s [kM+s gksrs oD+r vYykgqvdcj dguk-

(7) #dw esa lqCgkuk jfCc;y vt+he] lTns esa lqCgkuk jfCc;y vkv+yk

dguk-

(8) #dw ls lh/kk gksus esa vdsyk uekt+ i<+us okyk les v+Yykgqfyeu

gfenk vkSj jCcuk ydy gEn dgs- eqD+rnh flQ+Z jCcuk ydy gEn dgs-

(9) vOoy lTns ls mBdj tYls esa cd+nz rhu ckj lqcgkuYykg dgus ds

roD+d+qQ+ djuk-

(10) ckn r'kg~gqn (vÙkfg¸;kr) ds d+kv~nk v[+khjk esa nq:n 'kjhQ+ i<+uk-

(11) oyn+&n+kYyhu ds ckn vkfgLrk vkokt+ ls vkehu dguk-

(12) nq:n 'kjhQ+ ds ckn dksbZ nqvk (tks gnhlks&dq+jvku djhe esa vkbZ gks)

i<+uk-

uekT+k ds 45 eqLrgckr&(1) tc rdchj esa d+nd+k efrLlykr dgk tk, rks beke ml oD+r


76

rdchjs rgjhek fu;r ds lkFk cka/k ys-

(2) gkFk ds vaxwBs ls dku dh ykS Nw tk,-

(3) vkLrhu ls gkFk ckgj fudkyuk-

(4) igys nksuksa gkFk mBk, vkSj fQj rdchj dgs-

(5) vYykgqvdcj ds vfyQ+ esa [+kqnk dh mgfn;r o mywfg;r dk rlOoqj

djs-

(6) vYykg dk yke iqj i<+s-

(7) vdcj dh ^js* dks lkfdu i<+s-

(8) vYykgqvdcj dgrk gqvk gkFk cka/ks-

(9) rdchj esa beke tc g+¸;k vyLlykg lqus uekt+ ds okLrs mB [kM+k

gks-

(10) enZ nksuksa gkFk ts+js ukQ+] vkSjr lhus ij cka/ks-

(11) [kM+s jgus esa lTns dh txg ns[ks-

(12) nksuksa ik¡o esa pkj maxy dk Q+dZ+ j[ks-

(13) Q+ftj] T+kqgj esa roky (yEch lwjr)] vlz o b'kk esa vkSlkr

(njE;kuh lwjr)] ex+fjc esa d+lkj (NksVh lwjr) i<+s- cM+h vk;r ;k rhu

NksVh vk;rsa i<+uk rks Q+t+Z gSa-

(14) bl ls T+;knk i<+uk eqLrgc gS-

(15) Q+ftj ds Q+t+Z esa igyh jdv~r nwljh ls yEch gks-

(16) dq+jvku 'kjhQ+ gLcs d+okbn vjc i<+s-

(17) lQ+j esa ftl d+nj fd+jv~r vklku gks mlh d+nj i<+s-

(18) gj jdv~r esa vygEn ls igys fcfLeYykg i<+uk-

(19) eqefdu gn rd [kkalh jksduk-

(20) tekbZ u ysuk-

(21) beke dks bl d+nj cqyUn vkokt+ ls i<+uk fd de vt+ de igyh

lQ+ okys lqu ysa-

(22) #dw esa lj vkSj ihB lqjhu ds cjkcj jgs-

(23) #dw esa ik¡o ij ut+j j[ks-

(24) uekt+h #dw o lTns esa rhu ckj rLchg dgs-


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(25) enZ ckT+kw jku ls tqnk] vkSjr feykdj j[ks-

(26) #dw djds [kM+s gksus esa gkFk yVds j[ks-

(27) lTns djus esa igys T+kehu ij og vT+kw j[ks tks t+ehu ls d+jhc gks

elyu igys ?kqVus j[ks-

(28) lTns ls mBus esa tks vT+kw vkf[+kj esa j[kk Fkk ;kuh ukd vkSj ekFkk

igys mBk,-

(29) lTns esa gkFk dh mafXy;k¡ vkil esa feyh jgsa-

(30) nksuksa gkFkksa ds njE;ku lTnk djuk-

(31) lTns esa mafXy;k¡ fd+cyk #[+k j[kuk-

(32) ckT+kw isV ls] isV jku ls] ,d fi.Myh nwljh fi.Myh ls lTns ds oD+r

tqnk jgsa] vkSjr feykdj i<+s-

(33) is'kkuh vkSj ukd nksuksa lTns ds oD+r t+ehu ls yxkuk-

(34) lTnk djrs oD+r ukd dh rjQ+ fuxkg j[ks-

(35) lTns esa ik¡o dh mafXy;k¡ t+ehu ls u mBus ik,¡-

(36) cSBus esa nksuksa gFksfy;k¡ jkuksa ij j[kuk-

(37) lyke esa bl d+nj eq¡g Qsjuk fd eqD+rnh #[+klkj dh lQ+snh ns[kysa-

(38) lyke Qsjrs oD+r nksuksa eksa<ksa ij ut+j j[kuk-

(39) gkFk dh mafXy;k¡ uf'kLr esa T+kkuw ds fljs rd QSyk, j[kuk-

(40) d+kv~ns esa lhus dh tkfuc fuxkg j[kuk-

(41) beke gj lyke esa Q+fj'rksa vkSj m/kj ds eqD+rfn;ksa dh fu;r djs-

(42) eqD+rnh beke] Q+fj'rksa vkSj nwljs eqD+rfn;ksa dh fu;r djs-

(43) beke igyk lyke cqyUn] nwljk iLr djs-

(44) d+kv~ns esa mafXy;k¡] gkFk&ik¡o dh fd+Cyk #[+k j[kuk-

(45) mafXy;k¡ gLcs vknr dq'kknk j[kuk-

eqQ+flnkrs uekT+k& og dke ftu ls uekt+ Q+kfln ([+kRe) gks tk,xh%&(1) uekt+ esa lks x;k vkSj ,gryke gks x;k-

(2) fdlh vkSjr ij fuxkg iM+h vkSj ekík&,&euh fudy vk;k-

(3) uekt+ ds bf[+rrke ls igys d+lnu oqT+kw rksM+ fn;k] fdlh vT+kw ls [+kwu

cg fudyk-


78

(4) uekt+ esa dq+jvku 'kjhQ+ ns[k dj ,d vk;r ls T+;knk i<+uk-

(5) dqN [kk;k fi;k eq¡g ds vUnj dh pht+ pus dh cjkcj fuxy x;k-

(6) vEys&dlhj fd;k elyu fdlh us uekt+ ds vUnj nksuksa gkFk yxkdj

dksbZ dke fd;k ;k ,d #dqu esa rhu ckj eqlyly dksbZ gjdr dh] bl

fd+Le dh ckrsa vEys&dlhj dgykrh gSa-

uD+'kk eqQ+flnkrs d+kSyh ftu ls uekt+ ckfry gks tk,xh%&

(1) d+kv~ns ds flok fdlh gky esa reke djus dh fu;r ls lyke Qsjuk

pkgs x+Yrh ls gks ;k tkucw> dj-

(2) t+cku ls fdlh dks tokc nsuk-

(3) nnZ ;k eqlhcr ls cqyUn vkokt+ ds lkFk jksuk ftls nwljk lqu ys-

(4) fcyk t+:jr txg lkQ+ djuk ftl ls dksbZ y¶+T+k ;k gQ+Z fudy tk,

tSls v[+k] mQ+] vkg] gk;] vksg oxS+jk-

(5) ;g dYekr t+cku ls fudy tk,¡-

(6) fdlh us nqvk ekaxh mlds tokc esa vkehu dguk-

(7) nwljs dh Nhad dk tokc nsuk-

(8) beke ds vykok nwljs dks yqD+ek nsuk-

(9) beke dk vius eqD+rnh ds vykok nwljs ls yqD+ek ysuk-

(10) rkTtqc dh ckr ij lqcgkuYykg dguk-

(11) vPNh [+kcj lqudj vygEnqfyYykg dguk-

(12) x+e dh [+kcj ij bUuk fyYykg dguk-

(13) uekt+ ds vUnj vt+ku dk tokc nsuk-

(14) fdlh us dgk [+kqnk ds flok D;k vkSj dksbZ jc gS] mlds tokc esa

dYek i<+ fn;k-

(15) nqfu;k ds dke ds fy;s ykgkSy i<+uk-

(16) uekt+ esa fudkg ox+Sjk dh nqvk ek¡xuk-

(17) ,sls dq+jvku i<+uk ftl ls ekv~uk cny tk,¡-

uD+'kk ed:gs rgjheh&(1) csdkj dke djuk-

(2) mafXy;ksa dk rksM+uk] pV[+kkuk-


79

(3) gkFk bl rjg cka/kuk fd dqgfu;ksa rd mafXy;k¡ igq¡psa-

(4) cs t+:jr pkj T+kkuw (nksuksa iSj fcNkdj) cSBuk-

(5) [+kkd ds cpko ls ckj&ckj diM+k lesVuk-

(6) [+oke[+okg mafXy;k¡ vkil esa nkf[+ky djuk-

(7) fcyk t+:jr vkLrhu p<+kuk-

(8) #dw esa ctk; lqcgkuk jfCc;y vt+he ds lesv+Yykgqfyeu gfenk

dguk-

(9) cx+Sj lyke ds nwljk dke djds uekt+ ls ckgj gksuk-

(10) nksuksa ik¡o [kM+s dj dj eqM+ tkuk-

(11) fcyk t+:jr dksbZ lwjr ,d vk;r rd i<+ ds NksM+ nsuk-

(12) eq¡g Qsj dj ns[kuk ;k eq¡g Qsjuk-

(13) vk;rksa dks gkFk ;k rLchg ij 'kqekj djuk-

(14) fdlh okftc dk rdZ djuk-

bu lc lwjrksa esa uekt+ nksgjkuk okftc gS-

lqUur o ufQ+y uekT+kksa dk eq[+rlj c;kulqUur dh nks fd+Lesa gSa& eqLrgc vkSj eqvfDdnk- jkr&fnu esa lqUurs

eqvfDdnk dh ckjg jdv~rsa gSa ftudh rQ+lhy ;g gS& Q+ftj ls d+Cy 2]

t+ksgj ds Q+tZ+ ls igys 4 vkSj ckn esa 2] ex+fjc ds Q+t+Z ds ckn 2] b'kk

ds Q+t+Z ds ckn nks- tqes ds Q+t+Z ls igys 4 vkSj ckn esa 6- bu lc esa

Q+ftj ls igys lqUurksa dh cgqr T+;knk rkdhn gS- ;gk¡ rd fd fdlh

lqUur dh d+t+k ugha exj Q+ftj dh lqUurksa dh d+t+k Hkh gS- vlz ls d+Cy

Hkh 4 lqUursa gSa exj ;g eqvfDdnk ugha cfYd eqLrgc gSa- blh rjg b'kk

ds oD+r Q+t+Z ls d+Cy vkSj ckn Q+t+Z b'kk 4 eqLrgc gSa] [+okg i<+s ;k u

i<+s-

rjkohg& jet+ku ds eghus esa Q+t+Z b'kk ds ckn chl jdv~r rjkohglqUurs eqvfDdnk gS] bldh Hkh csgn rkdhn Q+jekbZ xbZ gS- bldk rdZ

djuk xqukg gS- nks&nks dh fu;r ;k pkj dh fu;r cka/ksgj pkj jdv~r

ds ckn FkksM+h nsj cSBdj ft+Øs bykgh ox+Sjk djsa vkSj t+Sy dh rLchg i<+sa%

lqcg+kuk ft+y eqfYd oy e&y&dwr- lqcg+kuk ft+y bT+t+fr oy fdfcz;k,


80

oy vt+efr oy tc:fr lqcg+kuy efyfdy g¸;qy d+¸;we- vYyt+h yk

;ukeq oyk ;ewrq lqCcwg+qu d+qn~nwlqu jCcuk o jCcqy eykbdrq o:Zg+-

rjkohg esa ,d dqjvku djhe [+kRe djuk csgrj gS T+;knk ftl d+nj

i<+ tk,¡ csgrj] ysfdu dq+jvku djhe dks bruk rst+h ls i<+uk fd gq:Q+

d+rk gksa (le> esa u vk,¡) xqukg gS-

mtjr& efLtn ds eqlfYy;ku dk ;g Q+t+Z gS fd og gq¶+Q+kt+ dh [+kqnviuh txg f[+kner djsa] ysfdu tks gq¶+Q+kt+ cx+Sj nke fy;s gq, frykor

ugha djrs og Hkh xqukg djrs gSa-

ufQ+y uekt+ksa esa bf[+r;kj gS fd [+okg cSBdj i<+s ;k [kM+s gksdj i<+s-

uekT+ks b'kjkd+& Q+ftj dh uekt+ i<+dj eqlYys ij cSBk jgs] nq:n'kjhQ+ ox+Sjk ;k dqjvku ethn frykor djrk jgs] vkQ+rkc fudydj

tc cqyUn gksus yxs rks pkj jdv~r nks lyke ls ;k nks gh jdv~r i<+s-

bl uekt+ esa ,d g+t ;k ,d mejs dk lokc gS- csgrj ;gh gS fd blh

rkSj ls uekt+ vnk djs- oD+r xqt+kjus ij Hkh i<+h rks dqN u dqN lokc

fey tk,xk-

pk'r dh uekT+k& tc vkQ+rkc [+kwc cqyUn gks tk, vkSj /kwi esa rst+hvk tk, ml oD+r de ls de nks jdv~r ;k T+;knk ls T+;knk i<+s rks vkB

;k ckjg jdv~r i<+s- bl uekt+ ds Hkh vgknhl esa Q+t+kby ntZ gSa-

vOokchu& ex+fjc ds Q+t+Z vkSj lqUurksa ds ckn N% jdv~r nks&nks dhfu;r ls i<+s-

rgTtqn& rgTtqn dh uekt+ esa gqT+kwj ikd lYyYykgq vySfg olYyecsgn ,greke Q+jekrs Fks- reke&reke jkr [kM+s jgrs] ik¡o eqckjd lwt

tkrs- ufQ+y uekt+ksa esa bl uekt+ dh csgn rkdhn gS vkSj lqUurs

eqvfDdnk gS- gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us dHkh bldks rdZ u

Q+jek;k- gqT+kwj ikd lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls rgTtqn dh 12 jdvkr

rd i<+uk lkfcr gS] de ls de 4 jdv~rsa vkSj T+;knk ls T+;knk 12 gSa-

lykrqRrlchg& vgknhl esa bldk Hkh csgn lokc ntZ gS- vxj gjjkst+ u gks rks g¶+rs esa ,d ckj] ;g Hkh u gks rks eghus esa] lky Hkj esa]

mez esa ,d ckj i<+ys- pkj jdv~r dh fu;r cka/k dj lqcgkuk&dYyk&gqEek


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vkSj lwjr i<+dj Q+kfjx+ gks rks #dw ls igys iUnzg ckj lqcgkuYykfg oy

gEnq fyYykfg oyk bykgk bYyYykgq oYykgq&vdcj dgdj #dw esa tk,-

#dw dh rLchg dgdj 10 nQ+k lqcgkuYykfg oy gEnq fyYykfg oyk

bykgk bYyYykgq oYykgq&vdcj i<+dj #dw ls mBs] lesv+Yykgq&fyeu

gfenk dgdj fQj nl ckj fiNyh ckj dh rjg lqcgkuYykfg oy gEnq

fyYykfg oykbykgk bYyYykgq oYykgqvdcj i<+s] fQj lTnk djs] lqcgkuk

jfCc;y vkv+yk ds ckn 10 ckj lqcgkuYykfg oy gEnq fyYykfg oyk

bykgk bYyYykgq oYykgq&vdcj i<+s- lTns ls mBdj fQj nl ckj i<+s]

fQj vÙkfg¸;kr i<+s] fQj blh rjg pkjksa jdv~rsa iwjh djs- tks lwjr pkgs

i<+s-

uekT+ks bLr[+kkjk& bl uekt+ dh Hkh vgknhl esa rjx+hcks&cjdkr vkbZgSa- u;s dke] lQ+j] 'kknh ox+Sjk ds ekSd+s ij bl uekt+ dk i<+uk

eqLrgflu (csgrj) gS- gekjs ;gk¡ lykflys d+knfj;k o eqD+rnfj;k eqbZfu;k

esa et+dwjk ckyk uekt+ksa ds vykok [+kkl&[+kkl ekewykr Hkh eqd+jZj gSa tks

csgn dke;kc gq, gSa- bl uekt+ dk rjhd+k ;g gS igys nks jdv~r uekt+

ufQ+y i<+s mlds ckn nq:n 'kjhQ+ i<+dj ;g nqvk i<+s%&

vYykgqEek bUuh vLr[+kh#dk fcbfYedk oLrd+fn#dk fcdq+njfrdk olvyqdk

feu Q+t+fydy vt+he- Q+&bUudk rqd+fí# oyk vd+fn# o rv+yeq oyk

vkv+yeq o vUrk v+Yykeqy X+kq;wfc- vYykgqEek bu dqUrk rv+Yyeq bu

gkt+y vefj [+kS#fYy Q+h nhuh o ev+k'kh o v+kfd+cfr vejh Q+d+fnjgq yh

o ;fLljyh lqEek ckfjd yh Q+hfg o bu dqUrk rv+Yyeq bu gkt+y ve#

'k#ZYyh Q+h nhuh o ev+k'kh o v+kfd+cfr vejh Q+lfjQ+gq v+Uuh olfjQ+uh

v+Ugq od+fnj byy [+kSfj gSlk dkuk lqEek vft+Z fcg-

bUuk gkt+y vefj ds y¶+t+ ij vius eryc dk c;ku djs vkSj ,d

nQ+k ;gh uekt+ i<+dj ftl dke ij usd fu;rh ls jk; d+kbe djsxk

cjdr gksxh- blds ckn nq:n 'kjhQ+ i<+rk gqvk lks tk,] 'kc esa erycks&

eqívk ds eqrkfYyd+ bYe gks tk,xk-

fu;r& fny ls fu;r djuk dkQ+h gS] ftlds lkFk gh rdchjs rgjhekdgh tk,- fny ls gj uekt+ dh fu;r vkSj t+cku ls mlds vYQ+kt+ vnk


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djuk pkfg;s- ftl t+cku esa pkgs vYQ+kt+s fu;r vnk djs] vPNk ;gh gS

fd vjch esa tks fu;r gS ogh djs- mlds vYQ+kt+ ;g gSa%&

uoSrq vu mlfYy;Yykgq rvkyk jdv~rl lqUurqy Q+ftzy ;kSe] lqUur ds

fy;s jdv~rl lqUurqy Q+yk¡ dgs vkSj Q+t+Z ds fy;s jdv~rqy Q+t+Z dgs-

ex+fjc esa lyklk jdv~kr Q+T+kqZy ex+fjc dgs- ;g vYQ+kt+s fu;r ogh dgs

tks mlds ekv~uk le>rk gks] ojuk ekewyh rkSj ij gj 'k[+l viuh

t+cku esa gj uekt+ dh mlds eqrkfcd+ fu;r djs-

fd+jv~r& fnu o jkr esa ik¡p uekt+sa gSa vkSj mu lc esa l=g jdv~rsaQ+t+Z gSa ftudh rjrhc ;g gS& Q+ftj] T+kqgj] vlz] ex+fjc] b'kk- bu Q+t+Z

dh jdv~rksa esa Q+ftj dh nksuksa jdv~rksa esa vygEn ds lkFk lwjr feykdj

i<+s] vlz dh igyh nks jdv~rsa Hkjh vkSj fiNyh [+kkyh ;kuh flQ+Z vygEn

i<+s- ex+fjc esa nks jdv~rsa Hkjh gqbZ i<+s- ;g gqDe beke vkSj eqUQ+fjn dk

gS- eqD+rnh beke ds ihNs [+kkeks'k jgs- vdsyk uekt+h Q+ftj] ex+fjc] b'kk

esa eq[+rkj gS [+okg ftgj djds i<+s ;k vkfgLrk-

uekt+ esa ,d lwjr dq+jvku dh i<+uk Q+t+Z gS vkSj cd+nz rhu NksVh

vk;rksa ds ;k ,d cM+h vk;r ds i<+uk okftc gS- flQ+Z ,d gh vk;r i<+

dj fdQ+k;r djuk xqukg gS- gkyrs lQ+j vksj mtyr esa ftl d+nj ekSd+k

gks mruk i<+ ldrk gS-

bfReuku dh lwjr ;g gksxh fd Q+ftj o T+kqgj esa (lwjg) gqtjkr ls

lwjg cq:t] vlz o b'kk esa njE;kuh lwjrsa vkSj ex+fjc esa ye;dqu ls

dq+y vÅ+T+kq fcjfCcu ukfl rd tks pkgs i<+s] fdlh [+kkl lwjr dks eqv¸;u

u djs- beke dks eqD+rfn;ksa dh fj;k;r vkSj muds jx+crks&'kkSd+ lc pht+ksa

ij ut+j j[krs gq, fd+jv~r djuk pkfg;s] u bruh rohy fd+jv~r gks fd

eqD+rnh ?kcjk tk,¡ vkSj u bl ntkZ eq[+rlj tks eqv¸;uk fed+nkj ls de

gks-

lTnk lgo& rdsZ okftc (okftc NwV tkus) ls lTnk lgo ykft+e gksrkgS vkSj lTnk djus ls uekt+ gks tkrh gS- ;g lTnk bl rjg djs fd

vkf[+kj dh vÙkfg¸;kr i<+dj lyke Qsjs vkSj igys lyke gh ds ckn nks

lTns djs- nksckjk vÙkfg¸;kr] nq:n 'kjhQ+] nqvk i<+dj nksuksa rjQ+ lyke


83

Qsjs vkSj uekt+ [+kRe djs- uekt+ esa tks pht+sa okftc gSa ,d ;k eqrvfín

okftckr rdZ fd;s rks ,d gh lTnk lgo dkQ+h gksxk] vycÙkk Q+t+Z ds

rdZ ls uekt+ tkrh jgrh gS-

fo=& fo= dh rhu jdv~rsa gSa tks b'kk ds Q+t+ksZa vkSj lqUurks&uokfQ+y dsckn eqUQ+fjn i<+h tkrh gSa- jet+kuqy eqckjd esa beke ds lkFk tekv~r

ls i<+uk pkfg;s-

d+T+kk uekT+ksa& tc fdlh 'k[+l dh uekt+ d+t+k gks tk, rks ;kn vkusij i<+ ys- fcyk fdlh mT+kz ds d+t+k i<+us esa nsj yxkuk xqukg gS- cgqr

lh uekt+sa eghuksa ;k lky dh d+T+kk 'kqnk gksa rks mudh d+t+k esa mtyr djs]

ftl oD+r ekSd+k ik, i<+ ys- fdlh us ,d g¶+rk Hkj uekt+ u i<+h vc

d+t+k i<+us yxk rks Q+t+Z djks fd ihj dh Q+ftj ls uekt+sa d+t+k gqbZ Fkha

vkSj ;d'kack (brokj) dh b'kk rd ,d uekt+ Hkh u i<+h og nks'kack

(ihj) dh Q+ftj dh fu;r bl rjg djs d+t+k i<+rk gw¡ ihj dh Q+ftj

Q+yk¡ rkjh[+k Q+yk¡ lky dh-

dbZ lky dh uekt+ksa dh d+t+k esa ;g lwjr djs fd Q+ftj dh d+t+k

esa Q+ftj dh uekt+sa ftruh esjs ft+Ees Fkh muesa tks lcls vOoy gS mldh

d+t+k i<+rk gw¡] blh rjg T+kqgj ox+Sjk-

X+kqLy o nQ+u e¸;r o uekT+ks tukT+kket+kehu dh rjrhc ds fygkt+ ls bl txg X+kqLy o nQ+u e¸;r vkSj

uekT+ks tukT+kk ds elkby vkSj rjdhc Hkh ntZ dh tkrh gS-

bUlku dk tc vkf[+kj oD+r gks] lk¡l ox+Sjk VwVus yxs] reke vkt+k

<hys iM+ tk,¡] duifV;k¡ cSB tk,¡ rks tkuuk pkfg;s fd vc ekSr dk

oD+r gS- fpr fyVk nsa] fd+cys dh rjQ+ eq¡g dj nsa] mlds d+jhc nqfu;k

dh ckrsa d+rv~u u djsa] cfYd ck vkokt+s cqyUn dYe&,&'kgknr i<+sa]

chekj ls u dgk tk, fd rw Hkh i<+] cfYd [+kqn flyflyk tkjh j[ksa rkfd

og lqudj dYek i<+us ds d+kfcy gS rks i<+uk 'kq: dj nsxk- bl oD+r

lwjg ;klhu Hkh i<+uk pkfg;s- gnhl 'kjhQ+ esa okfjn gS fd lwjg ;klhu

dh frykor ls eqnsZ dh l[+rh esa deh gks tkrh gS- tc :g ijokt+ dj


84

tk, rks eqnsZ ds gkFk iSj nq#Lr dj nsa] nksuksa gkFk viuh&viuh txg dj

nsa] eq¡ ds cUn djus ds fy;s tcM+ksa ij iêh cka/kuk csgrj gS- eq¡g ox+Sjk

cUn djrs oD+r fcfLeYykg o v+yk feYyfr jlwyqYykg i<+rs jgsa- X+kqLy

ox+Sjk esa nsj u djsa] tc rd X+kqLy u fn;k tk, eqnsZ ds ikl cSBdj

dqjvku 'kjhQ+ i<+uk euk gS-

X+kqLys e¸;r& csjh ds iÙkksa dks ikuh esa Mkydj xeZ djsa] dkQ+wj ikuh esa?kksy nsa] ftl r[+r ;k r[+rs ij e¸;r dks fyVkdj X+kqLy nsuk gS mldks

ykscku dk /kqvk¡ nsa] ,d diM+k ukQ+ ls T+kkuw rd Mky nsa] ftLe ds lkjs

diM+s mrkj fn;s tk,¡] e¸;r dks cjguk u djsa] cfYd ;g diM+k X+kqLy

ds oD+r iM+k jgs- igys bLratk djk,¡ vxj futklr gks rks <syksa ls ikd

dj nsa- X+kqLy nsus okyk eqnsZ ds lrj dks gkFk u yxk,- FkSfy;ksa ls cnu

lkQ+ fd;k tk,] bLrats ds ckn eqnsZ dks oqT+kw djk nsa] dqYyh u djk,¡] u

ukd esa ikuh Mkysa] xês rd gkFk /kqyk,¡] fQj eq¡g /kqyk;k tk, mlds ckn

nksuksa gkFk dksgfu;ksa lesr] fQj lj dk elg fQj nksuksa ik¡o V[+uksa lesr]

eq¡g vkSj ukd ds uFkuksa esa #bZ j[k nsa- oqT+kw ls Q+kfjx+ gksdj nk<+h vkSj lj

ds ckyksa dks [+kreh ox+Sjk ls lkQ+ dj nsa fQj eqnsZ dks ck;sa djoV fyVkdj

uhe xeZ ikuh rhu nQ+k lj ls ik¡o rd reke cnu ij Mkysa ;gk¡ rd

fd ikuh ck;sa djoV rd igq¡p tk,] fQj nkfguh ijoV ij fyVk;k tk,

vkSj blh rjg rhu ckj ikuh Mkyk tk,] fdlh [+kq'd diM+s ls eqnsZ dk

cnu lkQ+ dj nsa-

dQ+u& enZ ds okLrs rhu diM+s lqUur gSa%&(1) vt+kj ;k rgcUn-

(2) dqrkZ (dQ+uh)

(3) pknj

vkSjr ds fy;s ik¡p%&

(1) dqrkZ

(2) vt+kj

(3) lj cUn (f[+kekj vks<+uh)

(4) pknj


85

(5) lhuk cUn

vt+kj lj ls ik¡o rd gksrh gS vkSj pknj tks lcds Åij gksrh gS mls

iksB dh pknj dgrs gSa] og vt+kj ls ,d gkFk yach gksrh gS- dqrkZ xys

ls d+ne rd ysfdu vkLrhu o dyh ox+Sjk ugha gksrh flQ+Z xys dh txg

QkM+ nsrs gSa- lj cUn rhu gkFk yack gks] lhuk cUn Nkfr;ksa ls jkuksa rd

yEck pkSM+k j[ksa rkfd cnu ls fyiV tk,- ,d pknj blds vykok j[krs

gSa tks eqnsZ ij Mky nh tkrh gS ftl ckn esa fdlh eksgrkt ox+Sjk dks ns

nsa- ;g pknj dQ+u esa 'kkfey ugha gS-

dQ+u esa Hkh ykscku dh /kwuh ns nh tk,] [+kq'cw b= ox+Sjk yxk nsa]

gFksfy;ksa ox+Sjk vkSj mu tksM+ksa ij dkQ+wj ey nsa tks lTns esa j[ks tkrs gSa-

igys pknj fcNk,¡ fQj ml ij vt+kj] mlds Åij dqrkZ vkSj ml

ij eqnsZ dks fyVk,¡- dqrsZ dk xyk pkd dj dj eqnsZ dk lj mlesa ls

fudky ysa fQj vt+kj eqnsZ dh ck;sa tkfuc ls yisVh tk,] fQj nkfguh

rjQ+ ls- mlds ckn Åij okyh pknj igys ck;sa ls fQj nkfguh rjQ+ ls

yisVsa- /kTth ls lj vkSj ik¡o ds fgLls dks cka/k nsa] dej Hkh cka/k nh tk,-

vkSjr dks dQ+ukus dh 'kDy ;g gksxh b= dkQ+wj ox+Sjk yxk;sa fQj

pknj ij rgcUn ml ij dqrkZ fQj ml ij e¸;r dks fyVk;sa- dqrkZ iguk

dj lj ds cky ds nks fgLls djds nk;sa&ck;sa lhus ij Mky nsa] fQj ljcUn

lj vkSj ckyksa ij Mky nsa] fQj vt+kj ck;sa rjQ+ ls fQj nkfguh rjQ+

ls yisVsa] blds ckn lhuk cUn cka/k nsa] fQj pknj Åij okyh igys ck;sa

rjQ+ ls fQj nkfguh rjQ+ ls yisV dj rhu txg /kfTt;ksa ls cka/k nsa-

lhus ij 'ktjk ;k cqT+kqxksZa dk dksbZ rc#Zd Hkh j[k nsa- bldh lun Hkh

mlwyu vgknhl esa ekStwn gS-

uekT+ks tukT+kk& eqnsZ dks ugykuk] dQ+u nsuk] uekT+ks tukt+k i<+uk]nQ+u djuk eqlyekuksa ij Q+t+sZ fdQ+k;k gS- vxj nks ,d Hkh 'kjhd gks

tk,¡xs rks lcds ft+Ees ls Q+tZ+ mrj tk,xk-

tc eqnsZ dks X+kqLy ox+Sjk nsnsa rks beke e¸;r ds lhus ds eqd+kfcy [kM+k

gksdj uekt+ i<+k, ftlesa pkj rdchjsa gSa- vYykgqvdcj dgdj rLchg

i<+s] fQj rdchj dgdj nq:n 'kjhQ+ i<+s] rhljh ckj vYykgqvdcj dg


86

dj t+Sy dh nqvk&,&e¸;r i<+s%& vYykgqEex+fQ+j fy gf¸;uk o e¸;fruk

o 'kkfgfnuk o x+kbfcuk o lx+hfjuk o dchfjuk o t+&d&fjuk o mUlkuk

vYykgqEek eu vg+;Srgq feUuk Q+&vg+f;fg v+yy bLyke- o eu ro¶+Q+Srgq

feUuk Q+&r&o¶+Q+gq v+yy bZeku-

pkSFkh rdchj dgdj lyke Qsj ns-

vxj tukt+k ukckfyx+ dk gS rks%&

vYykgqEet&v+ygq yuk Q+q#rao ot&v+ygq yuk vtju otv+ygq yuk

T+kq[+kqjao&otv+ygq yuk 'kkfQ+v+ao&o eq'kQ+&Q+v+k- yM+dh gS rks vtv+ygq

dh txg vtv+ygk vkSj 'kkfQ+v+u dh txg 'kkfQ+v+ru vkSj eq'kQ+&Q+v+k

dh txg eq'kQ+&Q+v+ru i<+s-

nQ+u& d+cz nks fd+Le dh [kksnh tkrh gS cx+yh ;k lUnwd+h- ftl txg dhfeêh l[+r gS cx+yh [kksnrs gSa] ojuk lUnwd+h- d+cz bl d+nj xgjh gks fd

bUlku mlesa cSB lds- tc d+cz rS;kj gks tk, rks eqnsZ dks d+cz esa mrkjsa-

d+cz esa mrkjrs oD+r fcfLeYykfg o v+yk feYyfr jlwyqYykg i<+rs tk,¡-

e¸;r dk eq¡g fd+cys dh rjQ+ dj nsa- vkSjr dh e¸;r mrkjus esa inkZ

dj ysuk pkfg;s- d+cz dPph ;k iq[+rk nksuksa rjg dh cuk ldrs gSa- xaqcn

ox+Sjk cukuk Hkh tkbt+ gS rkfd t+k;jhu ogk¡ cSBdj dqjvku [+okuh ox+Sjk

dj ldsa-

ftl vkSjr dk [+kkfoUn ej tk, mldks pkj eghus nl fnu rd vius

'kkSgj dk lksx djuk pkfg;s- lksx ds ekuh lj ihVus ;k lhukdwch ds ugha

gSa] cfYd rdsZ&t+hur] cuko&flaxkj u djs] esganh ox+Sjk u yxk,] vkokt+

ls jksuk&fpYykuk d+rv~u euk gS-

rtght+ks&rdQ+hu ds ckn dq+jvku [+okuh] bZlkys lokc djuk eqnksZa ds

fy;s vesz&eqLrgflu gS [+okg rhtk] nlok¡] chlok¡] pkyhlok¡ fd;k tk,]

;g lc bZlkys lokc dh 'kDysa gSa] lgh vgknhl ls bZlkys lokc lkfcr

gS-

Q+kfrgk ox+Sjk ds tks rjhd+s fgUnqLrku esa eqjfOot gSa og T+;knkrj lgh

gSa- vxj rv¸;qus ;kSe oD+r ds lkFk Q+kfrgk u dh tk, rks fQj meweu

bZlkys lokc gh cUn gks tk,xk- bl lwjr esa ikcUnh jgrh gS] vycÙkk


87

d+fczLrku esa tkdj fny&yxh] et+kd+ vkSj ygoks&ybc ds rjhd+ksa esa

eqCryk u gksuk pkfg;s] og eqd+ke bcjr dk gksrk gS- bu ekewykr dh

vnk;xh lwnh d+t+Z ox+Sjk ls u gksuh pkfg;s- cqT+kqxksZa ds mlZ vkSj pjkx+k¡

ox+Sjk Hkh vgys lqUur ds uT+nhd tkbt+ks eqckg gS vkSj bldh Hkh vly

lkfcr gS- cqT+kqxksZa ds et+kjkr ij rokbQ+ksa vkSj nwljh vkSjrksa dk tkuk

;d+huu cUn djuk pkfg;s- lkfgcs d+cz dks viuk olhyk o t+fj;k cukuk

tkbt+ gS- d+cz ij gkFk yxkdj eyuk Hkh nq#Lr gS-

,jkl (mlksZa) ds ekSd+ksa ij vdkfcjs vkSfy;k vYykg dh lhjr vkSj

mudh ck vEy ft+Unxh] eqtkfgnkrks&fj;kt+kr] T+kqgnks&bÙkd+k] roDdqy]

lcz] vDys&gyky] bt+gkjs gd+ks&lnkd+r] vez&fcyek:Q+] ugh v+fuyeqUdj]

ft+Øks 'kx+y tSls vQ+vky ij gkft+jhu dks roTtg fnykbZ tk, rkfd

gt+jkrs lwfQ+;k dh g+;kr dk dq+ywc ij vEyh uD+'k d+kbe gks-

vT+kyk o d+Lckr dh rUT+khe vkSj tqes dh vgfe;ruekT+k ds muoku esa ge eq[+rlju uekt+ ds bfTrek dh cjdkr ij

b'kkjkr dj vk, gSa-

iatoD+rk uekt+ksa ds vykok uekt+s tqek g¶+rkokjh bfTrek gS ftlesa

'kgjh o eqgYys nkjh fut+ke dh nq#Lrh ed+lwn gS- bl uekt+ dks bZnqy

eksfeuhu Hkh Bgjk;k x;k- tkek efLtn esa T+;knk ls T+;knk bfTrek dh

x+jt+ ;g gS fd [+kqrckrs tqek esa eqlyekuksa dks vge T+kq:fj;kr ls ck[+kcj

fd;k tk,- vQ+lksl fd t+cku vjch ls csroTtgh dk urhtk ;g gS fd

[+kqrcksa ds vgdke ls eqlyeku cs[+kcj jgrs gSa vkSj bl vt+heq''kku

bfTrek dh gd+hd+h :g+ Q+uk gks jgh gS-

vxj [+kqrcksa dh vgfe;r ij x+kSj fd;k tk, rks ekywe gksrk gS fd

gt+jr [+kRes&fjlkyr :gh ygqyfQ+nk lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds t+ekuk&,&

vd+nl esa eqlyekuksa ds dq+ywc esa [+kqrckr gh bLykeh tks'kks&g+fe;r iSnk

djrs Fks vkSj vkidk ekewys 'kjhQ+ Fkk fd T+kq:fj;kr ds eqokfQ+d+ [+kqrcs

esa vgdke bj'kkn Q+jekrs- dqrqcs&vgknhl esa vkids eokbt+ks&[+kqrckr dh

r¶+lhykr ekStwn gSa ftu ls ekywe gksrk gS fd [+kqrcs esa gj fd+Le dh d+kSeh


88

o eT+kgch T+kq:fj;kr c;ku dh tkrha- gt+jkrs lgkck ij clk vkSd+kr

gqT+kwj vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh rd+kjhj dk ;g vlj gksrk

fd cs bf[+r;kj gks tkrs-

[+kqrck eqnkZ ftLeksa esa :gs g+;kr iSnk djus dk t+fj;k gS- vfcZ;r ls

ukokd+fQ+;r vkSj fQj bekeksa] [+krhcksa dk elkbys gkft+jk ls cs[+kcj gksuk

Hkh eqlyekuksa esa tewn (x+Q+yr) iSnk dj jgk gS-

mnwZ [+kqrckr dh cgl vlsZ ls tkjh gS] exj vc rd eqÙkfQ+d+k rkSj

ij bldk vkf[+kjh Q+Slyk ugha fd;k x;k- ckt+ rks bl elys esa ;gk¡ rd

r'kn~nqn bf[+r;kj fd;s gq, gSa fd vxj fdlh [+krhc us gkykr dh

vgfe;r o t+:jr ds ckbl vjch ds vykok nwljh t+cku esa dksbZ

fgnk;r dj nh rks mlds f[+kykQ+ gaxkek cjik fd;k tk,xk-

[+kqrck vly esa okv~t+ks&ulhgr dk uke gS] mldks tqT+os bcknr u

le>uk pkfg;s- vxj ,slk gksrk rks ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye nkSjkus [+kqrck feEcj ls mrjdj nwljs dke D;ksa Q+jekrs\ bldh

felkysa dqrqcs vgknhl esa txg&txg feyrh gSa-

gt+jr beke eqgEen jg0v0 [+kqrcs dks tqT+os bcknr ekuus ds

eqrkfYyd+ Q+jekrs gSa&

(rtZqek) ;kuh [+kqrck ,d ft+Ø gS vkSj fcyk oqT+kw vkSj ukikd

vkneh ds fy;s tc rd fd frykors dqjvku u gks ft+Øs bykgh

esa dksbZ eqekfuv~r ugha- [+kqrck u rks uekt+ dh feLy gS vkSj

mu mlds vtt+k esa ls gS] D;ksafd [+kqrck bl rjg fn;k tkrk

gS fd [+krhc fd+Cyk : ugha gksrk vkSj uekt+ ds fy;s ;g t+:jh

gS] uht+ [+kqrcs esa ckr djus ls [+kqRck Q+kfln ugha gksrk vkSj

uekt+ blds cjvDl gS- [+kqRck ljkik ov~t+ vkSj vez&fcy&

ek:jQ+ gS-

gt+jr l¸;nuk bekes vkt+e jg0v0 vjch vYQ+kt+ ds vykok

Q+kjlh t+cku esa [+kqRck nsus dks tkbt+ Q+jekrs gSa-

vkt vxj vjch gekjh t+cku gksrh rks nwljh t+cku esa [+kqRcs dh

gktr gh u gksrh] tc nwljs eqekfyd esa eqlyeku Q+kfrg dh gSfl;r ls


89

tkrs rks ogk¡ vjch t+cku ljdkjh o ykT+eh gks tkrh ftldk lh[kuk

t+:jh Fkk] blh otg ls vteh t+cku esa [+kqRck ugha fn;k x;k-

bl elys esa ,d 'kDy ;g Hkh gks ldrh gS fd vjch [+kqRcs ds lkFk

lkFk mnwZ esa t+:jh&T+k:jh vgdke tek fd;s tk,¡ ftudks [+krhc c;ku

djs rkfd vjfc;r ds Q+uk gksus dk vUns'kk Hkh u jgs vkSj [+kqRcs dh

vly x+jt+ Hkh iwjh gks tk, vkSj eqnkZ fnyksa esa gj g¶+rs g+;krs rkt+k iSnk

gks lds] ysfdu bl flyflys esa vxj vjfc;r dks eknwe ([+kRe) djus

dk tT+ck dkjQ+jek gqvk rks fcyk 'kqck og ,d ,slk ed:g r[+k¸;qy

gksxk ftls cnkZ'r ugha fd;k tk ldsxk-

Ldwyksa dh rkyhe vkSj vaxzst+h ds fjokt us vjch dks 'knhn uqd+lku

igq¡pk;k mldh fgQ+kT+kr Hkh eqlyekuksa dk Q+jht+k gS] D;ksafd bLyke us

t+cku esa Hkh og+nr d+kbe dh Fkh tks rd+jhcu nwljh t+ckuksa ds ckbl Q+uk

gks jgh gS] mls Hkh viuh txg rd+fo;r nsuh pkfg;s-

(rtZqek) ,s eqlyekuks! ftl oD+r uekt+s tqek ds fy;s vt+ku

nh tk, rks ft+Øs bykgh ds fy;s yidks vkSj ml oD+r cspuk

NksM+ nks ;g rqEgkjs gd+ esa csgrj gS c'krsZ fd rqe le>ks- tc

uekt+ [+kRe gks tk, rks t+ehu esa QSy tkvks vkSj [+kqnk dk Q+T+y

ryk'k djks vkSj dljr ls [+kqnk dh ;kn djks rkfd Q+ykg

ikvks- (lwjg tqek% 9&10)

vgknhl (rtZqek)&(1) gt+jr rkfjd+ fcu 'kgkc jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tqek gj eqlyeku ij

tekv~r ls okftc gS exj pkj 'k[+lksa ij& X+kqyke] vkSjr] cPps

vkSj ejht+ ij okftc ugha- (lquu vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua- 1067)

(2) gt+jr bcus elwn jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us mu yksxksa ds gd+ esa tks tqes esa ugha vkrs]

Q+jek;k eSaus d+ln fd;k fd ,d 'k[+l dks gqDe nw¡ fd og yksxksa

dks uekt+ i<+k, vkSj eSa mu yksxksa ds ?kjksa dks tyk nw¡ tks fcyk

t+:jr tqek vnk ugha djrs- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 1485)


90

(3) gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l vYykg vkSj d+;ker ij

bZeku j[krk gS il ml ij tqek ykft+e gS] exj ejht+]

eqlkfQ+j] vkSjr] cPps vkSj X+kqyke ij ugha- tks 'k[+l ygo

vkSj frtkjr esa e'kX+kwy jgk [+kqnk mlls eqLrx+uh gS- (lquu nkjs

d+ruh] ft-2] lq-3)

(4) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k reke fnuksa ls csgrj fnu tqes dk

gS] blesa vkne vySfgLlyke iSnk gq, vkSj blh fnu tUur esa

nkf[+ky fd;s x, vkSj blh fnu tUur ls ckgj fd;s x, vkSj

tqes ds fnu d+;ker cjik gksxh- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua-1977)

(5) gt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tqes ds fnu vlz ds ckn ls X+kq:c

vkQ+rkc rd ,d lkv~r ds eqryk'kh (ryk'k esa) jgk djks-

(tkes frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 489)

(6) gt+jr vch yckck fcu eUt+j jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa

gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tqes dk fnu reke

fnuksa dk ljnkj gS] vYykg ds uT+nhd bZnqyfQ+= o bZnqT+T+kqgk ls

Hkh T+;knk cM+k gS- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 1363)

tqes ds fnu dljr ls nq:n&gt+jr vch nqnkZ jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k eq> ij tqes ds fnu T+;knk nq:n i<+k djks] blfy;s

fd ml fnu Q+fj'rs nq:nksa dks esjs ikl is'k djrs gSa- gj og 'k[+l tks

nq:n Hkstrk gS eq> ij is'k fd;k tkrk gS] tc rd Q+kfjx+ gks- eSaus vt+Z

fd;k ckn folky Hkh\ Q+jek;k [+kqnk us t+ehu ij vafc;k ds tlnksa

(ftLeksa) dk [kkuk gjke dj fn;k] vYykg ds uch ft+Unk gSa vkSj fjT+d+

fn;s tkrs gSa-

(lquu bCus ektg] gnhl ua0 1637)

vgdke& uekt+s tqek nks jdv~r okftc gS- 'kjkbrs tqek ik, tkus dh


91

lwjr esa T+kqgj lkfd+r gks tkrh gS- tqes dh uekt+ ls igys X+kqLy dj ds

ikd&lkQ+ diM+s igu dj tkek efLtn esa tk,- vt+ku lqurs gh nqfu;k

ds dke NksM+ ns] [+kjhnks&Q+jks[+r rdZ dj ns-

vt+ku ds ckn beke feEcj ij tk,] eqvfT+t+u mlds lkeus eqd+kfcy

[kM+k gksdj vt+ku ns- ckt+ vQ+jkn us vkyes&bLykeh vkSj vgdkeks&elkby

ls gVdj nwljh jkg fudkyh vkSj bl flyflys esa tks dqN fd;k] [+kqnk

rkSQ+hd+ vrk Q+jek,-

eqvfT+t+u tc vt+kus lkuh [+kRe djys] beke [kM+s gksdj nks [+kqRcs ns

ftlesa vgdkeks&t+:fj;kr c;ku djs] lkebZu [+kkeks'kh vkSj x+kSj ls [+kqRck

lqusa] [+kqRcs ds oD+r lqUursa ox+Sjk u i<+sa- ckrphr Hkh ml oD+r euk gS-

,d 'kgj esa eqrvfín tqes tkbt+ gSa] exj Åyk vkSj eqLrgflu ;gh

gS fd efLtn tkek esa T+;knk ls T+;knk bfTrek ds lkFk uekt+s tqek vnk

dh tk,- dljrs nq:n dh vgknhl esa rkdhn Q+jekbZ xbZ gS-

bZnSu dh uekt+bLyke us ftl rjg :gkfu;kr o bcknkr dh rkyhe nh ogha eljZrks

'kknekuh ds rjhd+s Hkh eqd+jZj Q+jek,- f'kdksZ&fcnv~r vkSj ygoks&ybc ;k

nwljh vd+oke dh rjg bu [+kkl&[+kkl fnuksa esa vkQ+rkc ijLrh] ekgrkc

ijLrh ox+Sjk ls cpk;k vkSj gqDe fn;k fd eqlyeku rkSghn ds u'ks esa

lj'kkj gksdj viuh eljZr dk bt+gkj djsa- pqukaps gekjh eqljZr ds fy;s

bZnqyfQ+= o bZnqT+T+kqgk ds nks fnu eqd+jZj gq,-

uekT+k bZnqyfQ+=& bZnxkg tkus ls igys lqUur ;g gS fd dqN [kkdjfudys- lnd+k&,&fQ+= vnk djuk pkfg;s- fQ+rjs dk c;ku viuh txg

vk,xk- lc eqlyeku fdlh eSnku esa tek gksa] beke beker djs] nks

jdv~r uekt+ bZn i<+k,- rdchjs rgjhek dg dj fu;r cka/ks] lqcgkuk

dYyk gqEek ls oyk bykgk x+S#d i<+dj vkSj nksuksa dkuksa rd nksuksa gkFk

mBkdj vYykgqvdcj dgs fQj gkFk NksM+ ns] nksckjk vYykgqvdcj fQj

blh rjg rhljh ckj vYykgqvdcj dgdj nksuksa gkFk cka/k ys] fQj

fcfLeYykg dgdj vygEn vkSj lwjr i<+dj #dw dj ds [kM+k gks tk,]


92

fQj vygEn o lwjr ds ckn rhu rdchjsa dgdj #dw djs vkSj gLcs

ekewy nksuksa lTns dj dj r'kg~gqn oxS+jk i<+dj lyke Qsj ns- mlds ckn

beke nks [+kqrcs i<+s ftu esa vgdkes bZn] fQ+=k ox+Sjk et+dwj gksa rkfd

ftl fdlh ls dksbZ ckr jg xbZ gks og vc vnk djs-

cd+jbZn& cd+jbZn Hkh feLys bZnqyfQ+= ds gS- uekt+ nksuksa dh ;dlk¡ gS-cd+jbZn ds fnu dqN [kkdj u tk,] bZnxkg ls vkdj ed+nwj (gSfl;r) gks

rks dq+ckZuh djs ftlds vgdkes t+dkr ox+Sjk ds flyflys esa vk,axs-

;g bZn Hkh viuh gd+hd+r ds fygkt+ ls nqfu;k ds fy;s lcd+&vUnkst+

gS ftlesa crk;k x;k gS fe feYyrs bczkgheh ds ekuus okys gt+jr bLekbZy

o bczkghe dh lqUur ij [+kqnk o jlwy ds vgdke dh ctk vkojh esa gj

oD+r tkuh d+qckZuh ds fy;s rS;kj jgsa vkSj le> ysa fd eqgCcr ds nkos

ds ckn gj vt+ht+ ls vt+ht+ pht+ [+kqnk dh jkg esa dqckZu djuh iM+sxh]

ojuk bZn egt+ mEnk fyckl ;k [+kq'cw o eqvkUd+k (xys feyus) gh dk uke

ugha- bl bZn esa gekjs vbEek o [+krhc bZn dh gd+hd+r dks eqlyekuksa ds

t+gu u'khu djsa] egt+ tkuojksa dh dq+ckZuh ls gh eqgCcr ds Q+jkbt+ iwjs

ugha gksrs] cfYd [+kqnk vEy vkSj rd+ok pkgrk gS%& ßya¸;qukyqYykgk

yqgweqgk oyk fnekbgkÞ (rtZqek) vYykg dks gjfxt+&gjfxt+ budk xks'r

vkSj [+kwu ugha igq¡psxk- (lwjg gt% 37)

lgh vgknhl esa ;gk¡ rd okfjn gS fd gqT+kwj ikd lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye bu ekSd+ksa ij eqlyekuksa dh rUt+he Q+jekrs] vlkdjs bLykfe;k]

tS'kks&jt+kdkjkus bLyke dh tehv~rsa d+kbeks mLrokj dh tkrha- ljek, dh

Q+jkgeh dk uT+e gksrk-

lQ+j dh uekT+k& bLyke pwafd nhus fQ+rjr gS] mlus bUlku ijd+okuhu et+gc ukfQ+t+ Q+jekdj lgwyrsa Hkh iSnk dj nha- vkt ls rsjg

lkS lky d+Cy tcfd ekStwnk vklkfu;k¡ u Fkha] u rst+ j¶+rkj Vªsusa] eksVjsa]

gokbZ tgkt+ ox+Sjk Fks] cfYd [+kq'dh esa Å¡V] [+kPpj vkSj nfj;kvksa esa

df'r;k¡ tkjh Fkha- mu ijs'kkfu;ksa dks vxj bl oD+r lkspk tk, rks bLyke

dh u'jks&b'kkv~r] rcyhx+ks&fgnk;r] flyflyk frtkjr dh rjfD+d+;ksa dks

ns[kdj gSjr gksrh gS- bLyke us lQ+jh gkyr ds fy;s uekt+ esa d+lz dk


93

gqDe fn;k vkSj lQ+j dh eqlkQ+r ij d+lz djus ds vgdke tkjh fd;s-

ftl oD+r dksbZ eqlkfQ+j rhu efUt+y ;kuh 36 dksl (90 fdyksehVj)

ds lQ+j ds bjkns ls fudys rks 'kgj dh vkcknh ls ckgj gksdj eqlkfQ+j

gks tkrk gS- mlds fy;s gqDe ;g gS fd T+kqgj] vlz] b'kk dh Q+t+Z uekt+ksa

esa ctk; pkj ds nks jdv~rsa i<+s- bLyke us ftl rjg pkj jdv~rsa nks

jdv~rsa j[kha blh rjg eqlkfQ+j dks jkst+k ds b¶+rkj dh Hkh btkt+r nh]

?kj okil gksdj ;k tgk¡ iUnzg fnu Bgjuk gS jkst+ksa dh d+t+k djs- lqUurksa

o uokfQ+y esa d+lz ugha gS- vxj ekSd+k gks rks i<+s] eksgyr u feys rks NksM+

ns- tgk¡ rd gks lds oD+r feyus ij i<+ ysuk vPNk gS- ex+fjc ds Q+t+Z

vkSj fo=] Q+ftj ds Q+t+Z iwjs i<+s-

ekStwnk t+ekus esa [+okg rst+ j¶+rkj Vªsu gh ij D;ksa u lQ+j djs] lQ+j

dk gqDe jgsxk- jsy ds lQ+j esa vQ+t+y ;g gS fd tc og Bgj tk, rks

uekt+ i<+s] vxj njE;ku esa oD+r tkrk jgk gS ;k tgk¡ jsy Bgjsxh uekt+

u i<+ ldsxk rks fd+cys dk lgh #[+k ns[kdj i<+ ldrk gS- eksgrkr

gt+jkr myek bl uekt+ ds bvkns ds gqDe nsrs gSa-

chekj dh uekT+k& uekt+ ds fy;s 'kjv~ us vkSj Hkh fjvk;rsa eqd+jZjQ+jekbZa elyu chekj dh uekt+- Q+jht+k&,&bcknr dh vnk;xh esa chekj

dks #[+lr nh xbZ fd og 'knhn et+Z dh gkyr esa ctk; oqT+kw ds r;Eeqe

vkSj fQj vxj [kM+s gksus ds d+kfcy ugha cSBdj] vxj blds Hkh d+kfcy

ugha rks ysVdj- #dw o lTnk b'kkjs ls vnk djs-

q q q


94

ftLekuh bcknr dk fuT+kkes&vey;kuh jksT+kk

vktdy ds eqgfD+d+d+hu] vfrCck o MkDVj Hkh bl gd+hd+r dks

rLyhe djrs tk jgs gSa fd jksT+kk bUlku ds bejkt+ dk csgrj bykt gS-

bUlku ds cnu esa tc [+kwu dh fg+ír o rst+h gksxh rks og T+;knk ls T+;knk

[+okfg'kkrs uQ+lkuh esa eqfCryk gksxk- cnu dh d+qOor] fx+T+kk dh dljr

[+okfg'kkr dh eqgfjZd gksrh gS- vxj bu lc pht+ksa dks eksv~rfny

(njE;kuh) gkyr ij d+kbe dj fn;k tk, rks bUlku dh gkyr esa uqek;k¡

Q+d+Z iSnk gksxk- ftruh fx+t+k de [kkbZ tk,xh mruh gh bUlkuh lsgr esa

bt+kQ+k gksxk- bu lc t+:fj;kr dks cntkZ&,&vdey jkst+k iwjk djrk gS-

jkst+k ftLekuh bejkt+ (jksxksa) dk bykt djus ds vykok elkbcks&vkyke

dk vknh cukrk gS- rhl fnu ds jkst+ksa esa ftl rjg Hkwd&I;kl dh

rdyhQ+sa cnkZ'r dha] blh rjg jkst+k lcd+ nsrk gS fd vxj d+kSeks&et+gc]

eqYdks& feYyr dh f[+kner ds fy;s Hkwdk&I;klk jgdj Q+jht+k&,&f[+kner

vatke nsuk gks rks eqlyeku gj oD+r mlds fy, rS;kj jgs] uht+ ;g fd

tc rd bUlku ij Hkwd ox+Sjk dh rdyhQ+ u gksxh mls nwljksa dh eqlhcr

dk ,glkl u gksxk- jkst+k Xk+jhcksa] Q+d+hjksa] t+:jreanksa dh eqlhcrsa ;kn

fnykrk gS] fQj bls Hkh lkspks fd xeZ ls xeZ eqYd vkSj ekSle esa ?kaVksa

[kkuk&ihuk NksM+dj igys dh rjg pgkjpan eqlyly ,d eghuk bcknr

esa el:Q+ jguk D;k lPpkbZ dk esv~;kj ugha gS\

bLyke us jkst+snkj ds fy;s fj;k;rsa Hkh j[kha] chekj o cw<+s yksxksa ds

fy;s dqN #[+lrsa nha rkfd nhus fQ+rjr dh rkyhekr bl flyflys esa Hkh

okt+sg gks tk,¡-


95

Q+fT+kZ;r jksT+kk] ejhT+kksa] eqlkfQ+jksa dks #[+lrnhu esa vklkfu;k¡

vk;kr (rtZqek)& (1) ,s bZeku okyks! Q+t+Z fd;k x;k jkst+k rqe ijftl rjg rqels igys yksxksa ij Q+tZ+ fd;k x;k Fkk rkfd rqe rd+ok djks

vkSj og Hkh eqd+jZjk fnuksa esa- tks rqe esa ls ejht+ ;k eqlkfQ+j gks rks nwljs

fnuksa dh fxUrh iwjh dj ys vkSj ftudks [kkuk nsus dk ed+nwj gS muij

,d jkst+s dk fQ+n;k ,d eksgrkt dks [kkuk f[kykuk gS- tks 'k[+l usd dke

djuk pkgs ;g mlds gd+ esa csgrj gS vkSj le>ks rks jkst+k j[kuk rqEgkjs

fy;s csgrj gS- (lwjg cd+jg% 183&84)

nwljh vk;kr esa Q+jek;k&

(2) vYykg rks vklkuh iSnk djuk pkgrk gS vkSj l[+rh ugha pkgrk-

(lwjg cd+jg% 185)

eqck'kjr dk gqDe& jet+ku dh jkrksa esa chfo;ksa ls eqck'kjr djukrqEgkjs fy;s tkbt+ dj fn;k x;k- vkSjrsa rqEgkjk fyckl gSa vkSj rqe mudk

fyckl gks] [+kqnk us tku fy;k fd rqe pksjh ls viuk uqd+lku djrs Fks

il [+kqnk us rqe ij buk;r Q+jekbZ vkSj rqels njxqt+j dh rks vc

gefcLrj gks fy;k djks vkSj pkgks tks vYykg us rqEgkjs fy;s fy[k fn;k-

(lwjg cd+jg% 187)

[kkus&ihus dk oD+r& tc rd lkQ+ ut+j vkus yxs lqcg dh lQ+sn/kkjh dkyh /kkjh ls ml oD+r rd [kkrs&ihrs jgks- (lwjg cd+jg% 187)

jksT+ks dk oD+r& fQj jkst+k iwjk djks jkr rd (;kuh X+kq:c vkQ+rkcrd) (lwjg cd+jg% 187)

,rdkQ+ esa lksgcr dh eqekfuv~r& tc rd ,rdkQ+ ds fy;sefLtn esa cSBs gq, gks rks muls eqck'kjr u djuk] ;g [+kqnk dh gnsa gSa

muds d+jhc Hkh u tkuk- [+kqnk viuh fu'kkfu;k¡ cUnksa dks rd+ok gkfly

djus dh x+t+Z ls lkQ+&lkQ+ c;ku djrk gS- (lwjg cd+jg% 187)

vgknhls ucfo;k&(1) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg


96

olYye us Q+jek;k tc jet+ku vkrk gS vkleku ds njokt+s [kksy fn;s

tkrs gSa- ,d fjok;r esa gS tUur ds njokt+s [kksys vkSj tgUuqe ds njokt+s

cUn dj fn;s tkrs gSa] 'k;krhu d+Sn fd;s tkrs gSa- ,d fjok;r esa gS jger

ds njokt+s [kksy fn;s tkrs gSa- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 1899] lgh eqfLye

gnhl ua0 2495)

(2) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k ftl 'k[+l us jet+ku dk jkst+k bZeku vkSj lokc ds fy;s j[kk

mlds fiNys xqukg ekQ+ fd;s tk,axs vkSj tks rjkohg esa bZeku o lokc

gkfly djus ds fy;s [kM+k gqvk vkSj tks ySyrqy&d+nz esa bZeku o lokc

ds fy;s bcknr ds okLrs [kM+k gqvk mlds fiNys xqukg c[+'ks tk,axs-


(3) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k vkSykns&vkne ds gj vEy dk lokc nl xquk ls lkr

lkS rd- [+kqnk us Q+jek;k exj jkst+k esjs gh fy;s gS vkSj eSa gh tt+k

(buvke) nw¡xk- viuh [+okfg'kkr vkSj [kkus dks esjs fy;s NksM+rk gS-

jkst+snkj dks nks [+kqf'k;k¡ gSa ,d b¶+rkj ds oD+r vkSj ,d [+kqnk dh nhnkj

ds oD+r- jkst+snkj dh eq¡g dh [+kq'cw eq'd ls Hkh csgrj gS- jkst+k flij

(<ky ds ekfuUn) gS- tc jkst+s dk fnu gks rks rqe esa ls dksbZ jkst+snkj csgwnk

ckr u djs vkSj u cqyUn vkokt+ ls ph[+ks] vxj mldks dksbZ cqjk Hkh dgs

;k yM+us dk bjknk djs rks mldks pkfg;s fd dg ns eSa jkst+snkj gw¡- (lgh

cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 1894] 1904] lgh eqfLye gnhl ua0 2706&07)

bu vgknhls 'kjhQ+k ls ekgs jet+ku vkSj jkst+s dh Q+T+khyr ds lkFk

;g Hkh t+kfgj gks x;k fd jkst+k egt+ [kkus&ihus ds NksM+us dk uke ugha-

jkst+k uke gS viuh rekerj [+okfg'kkrks&fyT+t+kr ds rdZ dk- bZekuks&,grlkc

dh d+Sn lkQ+ rkSj ij crk jgh gS fd jkst+s [+kkfyl vYykg ds fy;s j[ks

tk,¡] ;g u gks fd jkst+k j[kdj csgwnk ckrsa u dh tk,¡] ckr&ckr ij

yM+kbZ&>xM+s gksa] [kkuk&ihuk rdZ djus ds lkFk] gkFk&ik¡o] vk¡[k] dku

x+jt+ reke vkt+k ls usd dke fy;s tk,¡] vk¡[k ukegje ij u Mkyh

tk,] ik¡o cqjs dke dh rjQ+ u mBsa] dkuksa ls cqjkb;k¡ u lquh tk,¡] rk'k]


97

xatQ+s] gkjeksfu;e] xzkeksQ+ksu] cktksa esa jkst+k xqt+kjuk jgers bykgh dks

vius ls nwj djuk gS- tks #i;k [ksy&dwn] fFk;sVj] flusek] tq,[+kkuksa esa

cjckn fd;k tkrk gS og lnd+krks&t+dkr ij lQ+Z fd;k tk,] x+jhcksa dh

benkn dh tk, rkfd vtzks&lokc esa bt+kQ+k gks-

Åij ntZ vk;kr esa jkst+s ds Q+t+kby vkSj oD+r ox+Sjk vk x, gSa]

exj vklkuh ds [+k;ky ls ;gk¡ eq[+rlju pUn vgdke jkst+k ntZ fd;s

tkrs gSa-

jet+ku dk pkUn ns[krs gh mlh 'kc esa 20 jdv~r rjkohg ckn Q+tZ+

o lqUur b'kk ck tekv~r i<+s vkSj beke ds ihNs dqjvku 'kjhQ+ dh

lekv~r djs] lqcg ls jkst+k j[ks- ;g jkst+k gj eqlyeku vkfd+y] ckfyx+

ij Q+t+Z gSa] budk eqfUdj dkfQ+j gS- jkst+s dk oD+r lqcg ls 'kq: gksdj

X+kq:c vkQ+rkc (ex+fjc) rd gS- tc vkQ+rkc Mwcus dk ;d+hu gks tk,

ml oD+r [ktwj ;k fdlh pht+ ls b¶+rkj djs- b¶+rkj ds oD+r ßvYykgqEek

ydk lqerq o v+yk fjfT+d+dk vQ+rjrqÞ dg dj b¶+rkj djs-

lgjh tgk¡ rd gks nsj djds [kk,] ysfdu bruh rk[+khj Hkh u djs fd

lqcg gks tk,-

uokfd+T+ks jksT+kk (jksT+kk rksM+us okyh phT+ksa)& ekgs eqckjd ds jkst+s esad+lnu dksbZ fx+t+k ;k nok [kk ih yh] fdlh vkSjr ls lksgcr dh ;k enZ

us iqNUus ([+kjkc [+kwu fudyok;k) yxk,] Q+ln [kqyok dj dqN [kk ih

fy;k] bu lwjrksa esa jkst+s ds bot+ ,d jkst+k vkSj d¶+Q+kjk nksuksa okftc

gksaxs- Hkwydj [kkuk ox+Sjk [kk&ih ysus ls d+t+k ;k d¶+Q+kjk dqN u vk,xk-

jkst+k rksM+us dk d¶+Q+kjk ;g gS fd nks eghus yxkrkj jkst+s j[ks] lkB

jkst+s u j[k ldrk gks rks lkB feLdhuksa dks lqcgks&'kke [kkuk f[kyk;s]

[kkus ds ctk, dPpk vukt Hkh ns ldrk gS ftl d+nj vukt rd+lhe

djrk gS vxj mldh d+her lkB Q+d+hjksa dks ns ns rks Hkh d¶+Q+kjk gks

tk,xk-

vxj dksbZ ,slk 'k[+l gS fd u jkst+s j[k ldrk gS] u ,d X+kqyke

vkt+kn dj ldrk gS] u feLdhuksa dks [kkuk f[kyk ldrk gS rks og [+kqnk

dh ckjxkg esa rkSck djs vkSj ;g fu;r djs tc bLrrkv~r (gSfl;r)


98

gksxh d¶+Q+kjk vnk d:¡xk- vxj bf[+r;kj gks tk, rks d¶+Q+kjk vnk djs-

jkst+snkj vxj vpkud ,slk chekj gks x;k fd jkst+k ugha rksM+rk rks

tku tkrh gS ;k 'knhn chekjh rjD+d+h djsxh] lk¡i dkV [kk;s] nok ugha

ihrk rks ej tk,xk] bu lwjrksa esa rksM+ Mkys xqukg u gksxk-

lQ+j dh gkyr esa tc uekt+ Hkh d+lz i<+rk gks ml oD+r b¶+rkj djs

ftldh ckn esa d+t+k djs- vxj lQ+jh eqf'dykr ijs'kkudqu ugha gSa vkSj

jkst+k j[k ldrk gS rks jkst+k j[k ys- gkyrs lQ+j esa vxj fdlh txg

iUnzg fnu d+;ke dh fu;r dj yh rks bl lwjr esa jkst+k j[ks- gkfeyk

vkSjr dks vxj viuh ;k cPps dh tku dk Mj gks rks ml oD+r jkst+k

b¶+rkj djs- gkyrs gSt+ esa Hkh jkst+k u j[ks] ckn esa d+t+k jkst+s j[ks- ,slk

cw<+k fd og jkst+s dh rkd+r ugha j[krk ;k ,slk dksbZ et+Z ykgd+ gks x;k

fd vPNk gksus dh mEehn ugha] dq+Oor t+kby (cgqr det+ksjh) gks jgh gS

,slk 'k[+l gj jkst+s ds bot+ ,d feLdhu dks lnd+k&,&fQ+= dh cjkcj

vukt ns fn;k djs blh dk uke fQ+n;k gS-

nl ;k X;kjg cjl dh mez okys yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa ls jkst+k j[kk;k

tk,- vxj iwjs jkst+s u j[k ldsa rks ftl d+nj eqefdu gks j[ksa- vknr ds

fy;s j[kokuk t+:jh gS-

,rdkQ+& ,rdkQ+ dk gqDe Hkh vk;krs et+dwjk ls t+kfgj gks pqdk gS-mldh rQ+lhy ;g gS jet+ku ds v[+khj v'kjs (vkf[+kjh nl fnuksa) esa

jet+ku dh chloha rkjh[+k X+kq:c vkQ+rkc ls igys efLtn esa nkf[+ky gks

vkSj 29 ;k 30 pkUn jkr ds fnu pkUn fn[kus ds ckn vius ?kj vk,]

efLtn esa ,rdkQ+ djs] vkSjr vius fy;s [+kkl txg vySfgnk eqd+jZj dj

ys- eksv~rfdQ+ (,rdkQ+ djus okyk) jkr&fnu efLtn gh esa jgs] nqfu;k

dh fQ+T+kwy ckrksa ds vykok ckrphr djs-

ySyrqy d+nz& jet+ku 'kjhQ+ esa ,d jkr cjdkr ds fygkt+ ls vthcks&x+jhc gS ftlesa bcknr djuk ,d gt+kj eghuksa dh bcknr ls csgrj gS-

21] 23] 25] 27] 29 jet+ku dh rkjh[+kksa esa ls dksbZ jkr gS- bldh

vyker ;g Hkh crkbZ xbZ gS fd mldh lqcg dks lwjt dh jkS'kuh e¼e

iM+ tkrh gS- bl 'kc esa eykbdk dk uqT+kwy gksrk gS] fjT+d+ dh rD+lhe


99

gksrh gS- [+kqnk Q+jekrk gS dksbZ ekaxus okyk ekaxs vkSj eSa nw¡] dksbZ ex+fQ+jr

pkgus okyk gS og ex+fQ+jr ryc djs eSa ex+fQ+jr d:¡] tks 'k[+l bl

jkr dh bcknr ls eg:e jgk og cM+h usv~erksa ls eg:e jgk-

uokfQ+y ds jksT+ks& uokfQ+y ds jkst+ksa esa Hkh cM+k lokc gS- vySfgnk&vySfgnk mudh rQ+lhy ds fy;s ;gk¡ xqatkb'k ugha- pUn [+kkl&[+kkl jkst+ksa

dk ;gk¡ ft+Ø fd;s nsrs gSa&

(1) eqgjZe dh uoha vkSj nloha rkjh[+k ds jkst+s dk cM+k vtz gS-

(2) cd+jbZn dh uoha ;kuh vQ+sZ ds jkst+s dk Hkh lokcs vt+he gS-

(3) 'kkcku dh iUnzgoha vkSj bZn ds ckn N% jkst+s j[kus dk Hkh cgqr cM+k

vtzks&lokc gS-

gnhl esa gS& ßftlus jet+ku ds ckn N% jkst+s j[ks xks;k mlus reke lky

jkst+s j[ks-Þ (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 2758)

myek us bldh r'kjhg ;w¡ dh gS fd ,d usdh dk lokc nl xquk gS-

jet+ku ds rhl jkst+s rhu lkS ds cjkcj gSa vkSj lky ds rhu lkS lkB fnu

gSa] jet+ku ds ckn N% jkst+s lkB fnu ds cjkcj gSa rks bl rjg xks;k lky

Hkj ds rhu lkS lkB jkst+s j[ks-

gj eghus esa 13] 14] 15 v¸;kes&cSt+ ds jkst+ksa dk Hkh cM+k vtz gS-

vke rkSj ij vxj lky Hkj esa jet+ku ds rhl jkst+s gh lgh ekv~uksa

esa bZekuks&,gfrlkc ds lkFk j[ks tk,¡ rks dkQ+h gS- tc jet+ku ds Q+t+hZ

jkst+s gh ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds bj'kkn ds eqrkfcd+

u gksa rks uokfQ+y dk D;k iwNuk-

q q q


100

ekyh bcknr dk fuT+kkes vey ;kuh t+dkrdq+jvku djhe us tgk¡ nkSyrks&ljek;k tek djus ds d+okuhu eqjfÙkc

fd;s ogha ljek;knkjksa ds lkFk x+jhcks&uknkj rCd+s dks 'kkfey dj fn;k-

x+jhcksa ds fy;s eky dk ,d fgLlk fudkyuk okftc o Q+t+Z d+jkj fn;k

ftl bfLrykgs&'kjhv~r esa t+dkr dgrs gSa- jd+e t+dkr dh oqlwyh o

rD+lhe ds fy;s cSrqyeky dk d+;ke t+:jh Bgjk;k x;k rkfd ,d fut+ke

ds ekrgr bfUrt+kekr fd;s tk,¡- cSrqyeky gh og vUtqeu gS tks x+jhcksa

dh T+kq:fj;kr dh ljcjkgh djs vkSj bl fut+ke esa X+kqjck 'kjhdks&nkf[+ky

gksdj viuh ft+Unxh dks l¡okj ldsa-

vkt vxj rgjhds&t+dkr vkSj cSrqyeky dh vgfe;r dk xgjkbZ ls

eqrkYvk fd;k tk, rks irk pyrk gS fd bLyke dh bl vT+kheq''kku

rgjhd esa nqfu;k ds x+jhc o uknkj rCd+s dh fgQ+kt+r dk vOoy ntsZ esa

lkeku ekStwn gS- dqjku gdhe vkSj vgknhls ucfo;k esa t+dkr dh

vgfe;r ij T+;knk ls T+;knk rkdhnh vgdke ekStwn gSa] ftudh x+t+ksZ&x+k;r

Q+d+r ;g gS fd gekjh ft+Unxh dk nkjksenkj X+kqjck ds fut+ke dh rdehy

gS- ;gh otg gS fd dqjvku gdhe esa tgk¡ uekt+ dk ft+Ø gS ogha t+dkr

dk- uekt+ vkSj t+dkr dks ykft+eks&eYT+kwe dj fn;k x;k- 82 txg uekt+

ds lkFk t+dkr dk ft+Ø Q+jek;k x;k-

vkt vxj eqYd esa gekjk dksbZ cSrqyeky gks tks gj ljek;knkj ls

t+dkr dh jd+e oqlwy djs rks jkst+&jkst+ ds pUnksa dk flLVe vkSj

vUtqeuksa dh eqrQ+fjZd+ --- lnk,¡ d+rv~u cUn gks tk,¡- gt+kjksa ckj

cSrqyeky dh rgjhdsa mBha tks t+hurs&fd+jrkl cu dj jg xbZa- D;k ;g

ugha gks ldrk fd pUn ,sls eq[+kfyl dkjdqu ftudh ft+Unxh dk tqT+k

flQ+Z rgjhds t+dkr vkSj d+;ke cSrqyeky gks- rtcsZ ds rkSj ij ,d ft+ys


101

esa dke 'kq: djsa vkSj ogk¡ ls ml oD+r rd u gVsa tc rd og fut+ke

eqdEey vkSj eqLrgde u gks tk,-

vQ+lksl fd gekjh gj rgjhd gaxkek vkjkb;ksa dh ut+j gks tkrh gS-

ge vius t+krh ed+ln ds fy;s rks eqYd esa eqrgfjZd gks ldrs gSa] ysfdu

bLyke ds mu csgrjhu mlwyksa dks d+kbe djus ij gekjh fgEersa iLr gks

tkrh gSa ftuls gekjh d+kSe dh rkehj gks lds- ;gh og det+ksjh gS ftlus

gesa vius ejdt+s&rjD+d+h ls nwj dj fn;k- x+jt+ fd bLyke eqd+íl dh

rgjhds t+dkr gekjs bejkt+ dk bykt gS- dk'k ge mlds gd+kbd+ ls

Q+k;nk gkfly dj ldsa-

vkt x+jhc] et+nwj vkSj ljek;knkjh ds njE;ku tks tax gks jgh gS

mldk bykt bLyke vius fut+kes&vEy esa t+kfgj dj pqdk- nkos ls dgk

tk ldrk gS fd bl tax dk [+kkRek mlh oD+r gksxk tcfd bLykeh mlwy

dks bf[+r;kj fd;k tk,] vxj nqfu;k bLyke ds iSx+ke dks le>rh vkSj

ml ij pyrh rks fc''kost+e gh dh t+:jr is'k u vkrh- lks'kfyT+ke]

dE;wfuT+ke] ysfut+e ox+Sjk dh rgjhdkr vkyes oqtwn gh esa blfy, vkbZa

fd ex+fjc us bLyke ds iSx+ke ls vk¡[ksa cUn djyha ;k vxj bLykeh

rkyhekr dk eqrkYvk fd;k Hkh rks muds lgh urkbt ij vey u fd;k]

ojuk dqjvkuh fut+ke vkSj gt+jr [+kRes fjlkyr eqgEen jlwyqYykg

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds vgdke ij vEy djus ds ckn bl fd+Le

dh rgjhdkr dh t+:jr gh ugha jgrh-

blh flyflys esa vxj vgdkes dqjvkuh vkSj Q+jkehus ucfo;k dk

cx+kSj eqrkYvk fd;k tk, rks bu gaxkeksa ds baLnkn dh csgrjhu 'kDysa

fudy ldrh gSa- dqjvku gdhe vkSj vgknhl 'kjhQ+k us ljek;k tek

djus vkSj mlds b[+kjktkr ds vySfgnk&vySfgnk vcokc d+kbe dj fn;s-

vkt fc''kost+e dks ukt+ gS fd mlus ,d ,slk rjhd+k nj;k¶+r fd;k

gS ftlls ljek;knkjksa dh dq+Oor lYc gks tkrh gS] ysfdu bl gd+hd+r ls

bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ljek;knkjh dh d+qOor xks gkFk ls fudy

tkrh gS exj nwljh rjQ+ tekv~r dks csbUrgk dqOor gkfly gksrh gS]

vxj bl dq+Oor dk x+yr bLrseky fd;k x;k rks bfUQ+jkfn;r ls T+;knk


102

gkSyukd urkbt iSnk gksaxs- pquk¡ps pkSng lkS lky ds t+ekus esa mlds ekStwnk

fut+ke dk ;g urhtk gS-

vd+fy;r ph[+k jgh gS fd vDlfj;r us mls cjckn dj fn;k- gj

og dke tks gns ,rnky ls xqt+j tk, mlds urkbt ed:g gksrs gSa-

bLyke us ml ljek;knkjh ds f[+kykQ+ d+ne c<+k;k ftlls d+kSe ds x+jhc

t+:jreUnksa dks Q+k;nk u igq¡ps- uht+ bLyke us gj ml ljek;s dks tks

fdlh ,d 'k[+l dh fefYd;r esa jgrk Fkk] d+kuwus fojklr tkjh Q+jekdj

ljek;knkj dks ejus ds ckn cgqr ls fgLlksa esa eqUd+fle dj fn;k- bLyke

cM+s ls cM+s ljek;s dh bl rjg rD+lhe djrk gS fd ,d gh oD+r esa cgqr

ls yksx Q+k;nk gkfly dj ldsa- bl rjg og rkd+r tks x+jhcksa dks

uqd+lku ig¡qpkrh og ,dne [+kRe gks tkrh gS- blds vykok bLykeh

d+kuwus fojklr esa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gS fd ,d fgLlk tks dqy tk;nkn

dh ,d frgkbZ ls T+;knk u gks ,sls fj'rsnkjksa ;k x+Sjksa ;k fjQ+kgs vke ds

dkeksa ds fy;s ofl;r djs ftudks vt+:, d+kuwus fojklr fgLlk u fey

ldrk gks] bl lwjr esa Hkh tk;nkn ls eq[+rfyQ+ vQ+jkn dks Q+k;nk

gkfly djus dk ekSd+k fn;k x;k-

fjlkys ds nwljs mUokukr lkeus gSa blfy, ge ;g cgl fdlh nwljs

ekSd+s ds fy;s eqYroh djrs gSa- ekST+kw ds ekrgr vk;krks&vgknhl ntZ dh

tkrha gSa%&

(1) ßtks yksx lksuk pkanh tek djrs gSa vkSj mldks [+kqnk ds jkLrs ij [+kpZ

ugha djrs rks mudks vt+kcs nnZukd dh [+kcj nsnks] tcfd mldks nkst+[+k

dh vkx esa rik;k tk,xk] fQj mlls mudh djoVsa vkSj ihBsa nkx+h

tk,axh vkSj (muls dgk tk,xk) fd ;g gS tks rqeus vius fy;s tek

fd;k Fkk rks vius vUnks[+rk (vkeky) dk et+k p[kksÞ- (lwjg rkSck%

34&35)

(2) ßnkSyr dh Q+jkokuh rqedks tc rd ygoks&ybc esa e'kX+kwy j[krh gS

d+jhc gS fd rqedks (urhtk) ekywe gks tk,Þ- (lwjg vÙkdklqj% 1&3)

bLyke us ml ljek;knkjh dh eqekfuv~r Q+jekbZ gS tks [+kqnk ds jkLrs

esa [+kpZ gksus dh ctk; vYekfj;ksa] frtksfj;ksa esa cUn dj nh tk,- d+kSe


103

rckg gky gks] x+jhc Q+kd+s ls ejsa exj mudh nkSyr u fudys-

t+dkr ls eqrkfYyd+ vgknhls 'kjhQ+k ntZ djus ls igys ;gk¡ eq>s og

gnhl 'kjhQ+ Hkh ;kn vkrh gSa ftls gt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq ud+y

Q+jekrs gSa&

(1) gt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq Q+jekrs gSa eSa ,d jkst+ gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye ds lkFk pyk tk jgk Fkk vki d+chyk&,&utjku dh

gkf'k;knkj pknj vks<+s gq, Fks- ;dk;d ,d vjc dk nsgkrh us vkdj

gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh pknj ikd dks rkd+r ls idM+ fy;k-

gqT+kwj ikd lYyYykgq vySfg olYye mldh xnZu ij fxj x,- eSaus ut+j

mBkdj ns[kk rks gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh xnZu eqckjd ij

l[+r fxj¶+r dh otg ls fu'kku iM+ x,- mlds ckn mlus dgk ,s

eqgEen! (lYyYykgq vySfg olYye) tks eky rqEgkjs ikl gS mlesa ls esjs

fy;s Hkh gqDe djks- gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k cs'kd esjs

ikl tks eky gS og vYykg dk gS mlds ckn mlus tks loky fd;k Fkk

og iwjk Q+jek fn;k- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 2429)

flQ+Z ;gh ,d gnhl ikd gekjh ulhgr ds fy;s dkQ+h gS- vkd+k,

dksuSu us x+jhcksa ds ekyh gqd+wd+ dks ljek;knkjksa ds lkFk fdl rjg d+kbe

fd;k vkSj X+kqjck (x+jhcksa) ds lkFk tks lqywd Q+jek;k vktds t+ekus esa

vxj lkby bl rkSj ij loky djs rks mls tsy dh dksBjh ;k ikxy[+kkus

esa fHktokus dk lkeku fd;k tk,xk-

(2) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls fjok;r gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftl 'k[+l dks vYykg us eky fn;k il mlus

t+dkr u vnk dh rks mlds fy;s mldk eky d+;ker esa lk¡i cuk fn;k

tk,xk ftldh vk¡[kksa ij nks fl;kg uqD+rs gksaxs] og lk¡i crkSj rkSd+ ds

mldh xnZu esa Mky fn;k tk,xk] fQj mlds eq¡g ds nksuksa fgLls idM+sxk

fQj dgsxk fd eSa rsjk eky gw¡] eSa rsjk [+kt+kuk gw¡- fQj ;g vk;r i<+h&

ßfQj u xqeku djsa ;g yksx fd cq[+y djrs gSa vY[+kÞ-


(3) gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa tc gqT+kwj lYyYykgq


104

vySfg olYye dh oQ+kr gqbZ vkSj gt+jr flíhd+ vdcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq

[+kyhQ+k gq, vkSj vgys vjc us dqÝ+ fd;k- gt+jr vcwcØ us mu yksxksa

ls tc yM+us dk bjknk fd;k rks gt+jr mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq us Q+jek;k

,s vcwcØ! rqe bu yksxksa ls fdl rjg yM+rs gks] gkykafd gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eSa gqDe fn;k x;k gw¡ fd yksxksa ls yM+w¡ ;gk¡ rd

fd og yk bykgk bYyYykg dgsa ;kuh bLyke yk,¡] fQj ftlus yk bykgk

bYyYykg dgk mlus cpk;k eq> ls viuk eky vkSj tku- exj lkFk gd+s

bLyke ds vkSj fglkc mldk vYykg ij gS il dgk vcwcØ jft+;Yykgq

vUgq us d+le gS vycÙkk yM+w¡xk ml 'k[+l ls fd Q+dZ+ djs njE;ku uekt+

vkSj t+dkr ds blfy;s fd t+dkr eky dk gd+ gS ;kuh tSls uekt+ gd+

u¶+l dk gS- d+le gS [+kqnk dh vxj u nsaxs eq>dks cdjh dk cPpk ftls

vnk djrs Fks jlwys [+kqnk dh rjQ+ rks yM+w¡xk eSa muls u nsus ij- gt+jr

mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq Q+jek;k oYykg dksbZ vez u Fkk exj eSaus ;g tkuk

fd vYykg us gt+jr vcwcØ dk fny [kksy fn;k gS (;kuh bYgke dj

fn;k) il eSaus Hkh tku fy;k fd bu yksxksa ls yM+uk gd+ gS- (;kuh tks

t+dkr vnk u djs] [+kyhQ+k mlls l[+rh ds lkFk t+dkr dk eky

fudyokrs Fks)- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 25] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 124)

elkbys T+kdkrT+kdkr fdl eky ij okftc gksrh gS\& ml eky ij tks c<+usokyk gks mldh fed+nkjs&eqv¸;u ij lky xqt+j tk, vkSj og eky viuh

t+:jr ls t+kbn viuk gks- c<+us dk eryc ;g gqvk fd vxj og eky

frtkjr esa yxk nsa rks lky Hkj esa dqN Q+k;nk gks tk,-

ftl 'k[+l ds ikl lk<+s ckou rksyk pkanh ;k lk<+s lkr rksyk lksuk

;k bl d+nj lksus&pkanh dk t+soj ;k bl d+nj #i;k] v'kjQ+h ekStwn gks

vkSj ,d lky rd ckd+h jgs rks lky xqt+jus ij mldks t+dkr nsuk

okftc gS-

lkS #i;s ij <kbZ #i;s t+dkr gksxh- ,d lkS nl ij Hkh <kbZ #i;s]

,d lkS chl ij ikSus rhu #i;s] lksus&pkanh dh fed+nkj ij t+dkr gksxh


105

mlh fed+nkj dks fulkc dgrs gSa-

lk<+s ckou rksyk pkanh jkbtqy&oD+r flDdk #i;s ls NIiu #i;s lk<+s

ukS vkus Hkj gksrh gS- tc bl d+nj #i;s ud+n ;k brus dk t+soj ;k blls

t+kbn gks rks lky xqt+jus ij mldk pkyhlok¡ fgLlk t+dkr fudkydj

Q+qd+jk dks ns ns-

T+ksoj pkUnh&lksus dk& cjru lksus&pkanh ds lPpk xksVk] BIik bu lcij t+dkr gS] [+okg bLrseky esa jgsa ;k egQ+wt+ j[ks jgsa- lky Hkj ds [kkus

dks tks x+Yyk tek dj fy;k tk, ;k iguus ds diM+s] cjru ox+Sjk lokjh

ds ?kksM+s] ?kj dk Q+'kZ ;k vkykr vgys gQ+kZ] dqrqc[+kkuk bu ij t+dkr

ugha- ,slk 'k[+l ftlds ikl nl gt+kj dk eky ekStwn gS] exj nl gt+kj

gh dk d+t+Znkj gS ml ij t+dkr ugha-

tokgjkr ox+Sjk frtkjr dh x+jt+ ls [+kjhns gksa rks lky xqt+jus ij

d+her ds fglkc ls t+dkr okftc gksxh- ftl 'k[+l ij t+dkr okftc gks

xbZ og lky xqt+jus ij t+dkr fudky ns- dqy eky esa pkyhlok¡ fgLlk

t+dkr nsuk okftc gS-

eqLrgd+hus t+dkr& ftlds ikl bl d+nj #i;k ;k lkekus frtkjrekStwn gks ftl ij t+dkr okftc gqbZ mldks t+dkr dk iSlk ysuk vkSj

[kkuk nq#Lr ugha- t+dkr nsrs oD+r vPNh rjg rgd+hd+ djys fd ;g

eqLrfgd+ gS ;k ugha] vxj ns nsus ds ckn mlds ekynkj gksus dk bYe gqvk

rks nksckjk t+dkr u nsuh pkfg;s- ftl txg jgrk gS ogk¡ ds Q+qd+jk o

elkdhu ;k og x+jhc tks fdlh ds lkeus gkFk ugha QSykrs ;k lkfgcs

fulkc ds x+jhc fj'rsnkj ;k og ryck ftuds ikl viuh t+:fj;kr dk

lkeku Hkh ugha gksrk] t+dkr mudks nh tk,] vycÙkk og ryck ftuds

ikl #i;k ekStwn gks og eqLrfgd+ ugha- t+dkr nsus esa eqefdu gn rd

iwjh ,gfr;kr djuh pkfg;s-

vktdy gekjh cnufT+e;ksa ;k fcuk rgd+hd+ fd;s [kkrs&ihrs eksVs rkt+s

ftuds ?kjksa esa dkQ+h ls T+;knk nkSyr ekStwn gks mudks Hkh t+dkr dh #d+we

ns nh tkrh gSa ;k ;g le>k tkrk gS fd ;g eqLrgd+hu dks rD+lhe djsaxs-

ugha dgk tk ldrk fd og fdruk nsrs gSa vkSj fdl d+nj ugha- t+dkr


106

nsus okyk [+kqn gh viuh txg iwjh rgd+hd+ ls t+:jreUnksa dks vius

,greke ls ns rks csgrj gS- cuh gkf'ke] vYoh] gt+jr vCckl] gt+jr

tkQ+j] gt+jr vd+hy vCnqy eqÙkfyc dh vkSykn dks t+dkr u ns-

fQ+rjk ;k lnd+k fQ+=& tks eqlyeku vkt+kn vkSj bruk ekynkj gSfd ml ij t+dkr okftc gks ;k ,slk 'k[+l ftlds ?kj esa vlckc ds

vykok bruk lkeku vkSj edkukr ekStwn gSa fd mudh ekfy;r ij t+dkr

okftc gksxh mldks bZn ds fnu lnd+k&,&fQ+= nsuk okftc gS- ,sls 'k[+l

dks lnd+k ;k t+dkr ysuk gjke gS- bl lnd+s dks lnd+k&,&fQ+= ;k fQ+=k

dgrs gSa-

lnd+k&,&fQ+= viuh rjQ+ ls NksVh vkSj ukckfyx+ vkSykn dh tkfuc

ls c'krsZ fd vkSykn ekynkj u gks- lnd+k&,&fQ+= esa xsgw¡ ;k mldk vkVk

;k lÙkw vaxzst+h rksy vLlh (80) ds lsj ls vk/kh NVk¡d ikSus nks lsj ot+u

gksrk gS] ,gfr;kru iwjs nks lsj ns-

vxj tkS ;k mldk vkVk ox+Sjk ns rks iwjs pkj lsj gj 'k[+l dh

tkfuc ls ns- ,d 'k[+l dk lnd+k ,d gh 'k[+l dks ns] [+okg vyx&vyx

yksxksa dks ns] nksuksa rjg nq#Lr gS-

T+kdkr& lnd+k&,&fQ+= dq¶+Q+kjk o lnd+k ut+j ds vykok tks dqN fdlhdks ns og lnd+k&,&ufQ+y gS- bu reke lnd+kr nsus ds cs'kqekj Q+t+kby

gSa ftudk ft+Ø bl eq[+rflj fjlkys esa eqf'dy gS] blfy;s t+:jh b'kkjkr

ij gh bfDrQ+k fd;k x;k-

q q q


107

gtvkyexhj bfTrek eqgCcrks&b'd+ dk vT+kheq''kku eqT+kkfgjk&,&eqoír&vks&eqgCcr dk fuT+kkes vey&

fdls [+kcj Fkh fd ,d ,slk f[+kÙkk tks nkns&x+Sj t+h t+jv~ ds uke ls

iqdkjk tkrk gks] ftl ed+ke ij nqfu;k ds et+kfgc #[+k djus ds ckn

ukdke okil pys x, gksa] ftldh cqr ijLrh reke tgku dh rkjh[+k esa

uqek;k¡ gkyr j[krh gks] ,d oD+r ,slk vk,xk fd [+kqnk dh jger ds

ckny Nk;s gksa vkSj fjt+okus bykgh dh ckfj'kksa ls f'kdksZ&dqÝ+ dk ;g

fgLlk vuokjks&cjdkr dk ljp'ek cu tk,xk-

gt+jr l¸;nuk bczkghe [+kyhyqYykg vyk ufcf¸;uk o vySfgLlykrks

oLlyke ds bErgkus vkf'kd+h dk nkSj vk;k vkSj bl vkf'kd+s lkfnd+ vkSj

vius [+kyhy dh dq+ckZuh ds fy;s ogh okfn;s&x+Sj T+kh t+jv~ (catj t+ehu)

rtoht+ gqbZ- gt+jr bczkghe vySfgLlykrks oLlyke jc dh et+hZ ikdj

e; vgyks&v;ky eDdk dh igkfM+;ksa dh rjQ+ vk x,- vkius vkSj

vkids Q+jt+Un us gt+jr vkne vySfgLlyke ds oD+r dh uhao fudkydj

pkj nhokjsa mBkbZa vkSj dkcs dks ,d dksBjh dh lwjr esa cukdj [+kqT+kw o

[+kq'kw ls vt+Z djuk 'kq: fd;k%&

(rtZqek) ß,s esjs ijofnZxkj! bl 'kgj dks veu okyk 'kgj cuk ns vkSj

mlds jgus okyksa dks tks vYykg vkSj ;kSes vkf[+kjr ij bZeku yk,¡ Qy

ox+Sjk [kkus dks ns-Þ (lwjg cd+jg% 126)

ßgekjs jc! gedks viuk Q+jek¡cjnkj cuk vkSj gekjh uLy esa ,d fxjksg

,slk iSnk dj tks rsjk gqDe ekuus okyk gks vkSj gesa bcknr ds rjhd+s crk

vkSj gekjs d+qlwjksa ls njxqt+j Q+jek- cs'kd rw gh njxqt+j Q+jekus okyk

esgjcku gS- ,s gekjs [+kqnk! bu esa bUgh esa ls ,d jlwy Hkst tks rsjh vk;rsa


108

i<+dj lquk, vkSj mudks fdrkcks&fgder dh ckrsa fl[kk, vkSj muds

fnyksa dh bLykg djs- cs'kd rw lkfgcs bf[+r;kj vkSj lkfgcs rnchj gS-

(lwjg cd+jg% 128&29)

gt+jr l¸;nuk bczkghe [+kyhy vySfgLlyke [+kqnk ds bj'kkn ds

eqrkfcd gt+jr gktjk vkSj gt+jr bLekbZy dks eDdk esa [+kqnk ij

roDdqy Q+jekdj NksM+ x,- gt+jr gktjk ikuh dh ryk'k esa nkSM+rh

fQjrh Fkha] ;gh vnk jCcqybT+t+r us ilUn Q+jekdj lQ+k o ejok ds

njE;ku esa nkSM+uk lkjh nqfu;k ds gkft;ksa ds fy;s eqd+jZj Q+jek fn;k-

gt+jr bczkghe us gt+jr bLekbZy dh dq+ckZuh ds okfd+;s dks eqrvfín ckj

#;k, lkfnd+k esa eqykfgt+k Q+jek;k] 'kSrku us bl bjkns ls gVkus dh

dksf'k'ksa dha] vkius eqrvfín ckj dadfj;ksa ls 'kSrku dks Hkxk;k- ;gha ls

gt esa dadfj;ksa dk Qsaduk t+:jh d+jkj fn;k x;k- gt ds ftl d+nj

ekewykr gSa og lc eqgCcrks&b'd+ ds eqt+kfgjs gSa tSlk fd ge fiNys

lQ+gkr esa t+kfgj dj pqds gSa-

bLyke ds mlwy vius vUnj gt+kjksa Q+okbn j[krs gSa] blh rjg

Q+jht+k&,&gt dh [+kqlwfl;kr Hkh nqfu;k tgku dh d+kSeksa ls tqnk vkSj

t+kfgj gSa- iatoD+rk uekt+ksa] tqek o bZnSu ds bfTrek esa ,d&,d ft+yk o

'kgj ds eqlyeku ;dtk gksrs Fks- t+:jr Fkh fd vkyes bLykeh dh

lkykuk dkUÝ+sal eqUvfd+n dh tk, ftlesa gj xks'k&,&eqYd ls ognr dk

jax fy;s gqvk vYykgqvdcj vYykgqvdcj yk bykgk bYyYykg oYykgq

vdcj vYykgqvdcj o fyYykfgy gEn ds ukjk&gk,&vkf'kd+h yxkrs gq,

,d gh tSlk Q+d+hjkuk fyckl igudj gt+jr bczkghe o bLekbZy dh

lqUurksa dks vnk djus ds fy;s cM+s ls cM+k nkSyreUn gÙkk fd ckn'kkgs&oD+r

dk Hkh ogh fyckl gks tks ,d Q+d+hj dk gS-

x+t+Z bl vkyexhj bfTrek esa ftldk uke g+t gS ml eqd+íl ed+ke

ij tgk¡ gt+jr bczkghe o bLekbZy bErgkukr nsdj ljQ+jkt+s tk pqds Fks

nqfu;k ds eqlyekuksa dks tek fd;k x;k vkSj muls g+t ds Q+jkbt+ks&

ekewykr vnk djk dj t+gu u'khu djk;k x;k fd rqe esa ls gj 'k[+l

dks gekjh [+kkfrj bLekbZy cuuk pkfg;s vkSj gt+jr bczkghe dh rjg rqe


109

cki cudj viuh vkSykn dks gekjh jt+k ds fy;s is'k djks-

nqfu;k ds gj xks'ks ds eqlyekuksa ds tek gksus dh ;g Hkh ,d cM+h

x+jt+ Fkh fd bdëk gksdj rcknyk&,&[+k;kykr djsa vkSj bvkurks&benkn

dk vgn okfld+ djsa] ,d eqYd nwljs eqYd ds nq[k&nnZ esa 'kjhd gksus dk

oknk djs] gjeSu dh T+;kjr vkSj Q+jht+k&,&gt ds ckn viuh reke

cqjkb;ksa] [+kjkfc;ksa dks nwj dj ds ikdks&lkQ+ gksdj okil tk,-

bLyke ls igys Hkh dkcrqYykg dk g+t fd;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu gt+jr

bczkghe o bLekbZy dh vkSykn dk nkok djus okyksa us bl ?kj dks cqr

ijLrh dk ejdt+ cuk j[kk Fkk- gt ds ekSd+s ij viuh rekerj

eq'kfjdkuk vknkrks&vrokj (x+yr <axksa) dks Q+jkbt+s gt esa nkf[+ky dj

pqds Fks- bLyke us feYyrs bczkgheh dh csgrj ckrksa dks bf[+r;kj dj ds

dq¶+Q+kjks&eq'kfjdhu dh dqfÝ+;k bZtknkrks&b[+rjkvkr dks [+kRe dj fn;k

vkSj tks g+t ds gd+hd+h bx+jkt+ Fks mls vt+ljs ukS (u;s rjhds+ ls)

bf[+r;kj Q+jek;k vkSj bl ij vYykg rvkyk dk bj'kkn gqvk%&

(rtZqek) ßvYykg ds fy;s yksxksa ij gt cSrqYykg Q+t+Z gS tks 'k[+l t+kns&

jkg (vkus tkus dk [+kpZ) dh bLrrkv~r (gSfl;r) j[ksÞ-

(lwjg vkysbejku% 97)

gj eqlyeku ij [+kqnk us Q+t+Z dj fn;k fd c'krsZ bLrrkv~r mez Hkj

esa ,d ckj rks t+:j gt dj ys-

(1) gt o mejs dh fu;r dj yh gks rks mldks iwjk djks] vxj (jkLrs

esa) jksd fy;s tkvks rks dqckZuh djks tSlh e;Llj vk, vkSj tc rd

dqckZuh vius fBdkus u igq¡p tk, lj u eqaMkvks- fQj rqe esa tks chekj

gks ;k lj dh rdyhQ+ esa gks rks (ml ij) fQ+n;k gS jkst+s ;k [+kSjkr ;k

dqckZuh- fQj tc ck veu gks tkvks rks tks 'k[+l uQ+k mBkuk pkgs mejs

dks gt ls feykdj rks tks dqN e;Llj vk, dqckZuh djs vkSj ftls

e;Llj u gks rks og rhu fnu ds jkst+s j[ks t+ekuk&,&gt esa vkSj lkr

tc rqe ykSVks- ;g iwjs nl gq,] ;g mlds fy;s gS ftlds ?kj okys efLtns

gjke ds ikl u gksa- (lwjg cd+jg% 196)

(2) vkSj vYykg ls Mjks vkSj tku yks fd vYykg l[+r vt+kc okyk gS


110

vkSj g+t ds pUn ekywe eghus gSa (;kuh 'kOoky o t+hd+knk vkSj 9 fnu

ft+ygTt ds] bu v¸;ke (fnuksa) esa tc pkgs vgjke cka/k ys] blls d+Cy

Hkh tkbt+ gS exj csgrj ugha) il ftlus ykft+e dj fy;k muesa gt dks

rks u vkSjr ls lksgcr djs u mnwys gqDeh vkSj u ut+kv~ (>xM+k)- v¸;kes

gt esa rks tks dqN usdh djksxs vYykg mldks tku ysxk- t+knsjkg ys fy;k

djks- cs'kd cM+k Q+k;nk [+kpZ ysus esa (loky ls) cpuk gS vkSj eq> ls Mjrs

jgks- ,s vd+yeUnks! rqe ij dqN xqukg ugha fd vius jc dk Q+T+y pkgks

(;kuh frtkjr ls Q+k;nk gkfly djus esa dqN xqukg ugha) tc vjQ+kr

ls ykSVks rks vYykg dks ;kn djks] e'kvjs gjke ds ikl (eqT+knYQ+k ds nksuksa

igkM+ksa ds njE;ku e'kvjs gjke gS) vkSj mldks bl rjg ;kn djks ftl

rjg mlus rqedks crk;k gS] blls d+Cy rqe ukokfd+Q+ Fks- fQj pyks tgk¡

ls yksx pysa vkSj vYykg ls xqukg c[+'kokvks- cs'kd [+kqnk c[+'kus okyk

esgjcku gS- tc gt ds vjdku iwjs dj pqds rks vYykg dk ft+Ø djks

ftl rjg ft+Ø (djrs Fks) vius cki&nknk dk] cfYd blls Hkh c<+dj

ft+Ø- (lwjg cd+jg% 197&200)

bu vk;kr esa gt ds eq[+rflj vgdke vk x, gSa ftudh rQ+lhykr

vgknhl ds ckn is'k ukt+jhu dh tk,axh-

vgknhl& (1) gt+jr vcw gqjSjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftlus vYykg ds okLrs g+t fd;k rks u

lksgcr djs viuh vkSjr ls vkSj u fQ+Ld+ djs rks ykSVrk gS ml fnu dh

rjg fd tuk mldh ek¡ us- ;kuh xqukgksa ls ikdks&lkQ+ gksdj ykSVrk gS-

(lgh cq[+kkjh& gnhl ua0 1521] lgh eqfLye& gnhl ua0 3291&92)

(2) gt+jr vcw gqjSjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k ,d mejk nwljs mejs dk dq¶+Q+kjk gS mu xqukgksa ds

fy;s tks bu nksuksa ds njE;ku gSa- gts ed+cwy dk cnyk flok; tUur ds

ugha- (lgh cq[+kkjh& gnhl ua0 1773] lgh eqfLye& gnhl ua0 3289)

uT+kj dk gt& (1) gt+jr vcw gqjSjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwjlYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh f[+kner esa ,d 'k[+l gkft+j gqvk] mlus

vt+Z fd;k esjh cgu us gt djus dh ut+j ekuh Fkh vkSj og ej xbZ-


111

gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k vxj ml ij d+t+Z gksrk rks

D;k rw vnk djrk] mlus dgk gk¡- rks Q+jek;k [+kqnk dk d+t+Z vnk dj fd

og ykbd+rj gS lkFk vnk djus ds- (lgh cq[+kkjh& gnhl ua0 6699] lgh

eqfLye& gnhl ua0 3251&52)

bl gnhl ls ekywe gqvk fd ut+j okys ds bfUrd+ky ds ckn oyh dks

pkfg;s fd mldh ut+j iwjh djs-

(2) gt+jr bcus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k& ,s yksxks! [+kqnk us rqe ij g+t dks Q+t+Z fd;k-

gt+jr vd+jv~ fcu gkfcl [kM+s gq, vkSj dgk ;k jlwyqYykg! D;k gj

lky\ Q+jek;k vxj eSa gk¡ dg nsrk rks okftc gks tkrk vkSj okftc gks

tkus ds ckn rqe ml ij u rks vEy djrs vkSj u bLrrkv~r (rkd+r)

gh j[krs- Q+t+Z gt ,d gh ckj Q+t+Z gS] tks blls T+;knk djs og ufQ+y

gksxk- (lquu ulkbZ] gnhl ua0 2621] eqLun vgen ft-4] lqQ+k ua-392)

bLrrkv~r (ekynkj gksus) ds ckotwn gt u djus okyksa dks rachg&(1) gt+jr ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS jlwys [+kqnk lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l t+knks&jkfgyk dk ekfyd gks fd ml

dks cSrqYykg rd igq¡pk, vkSj (fQj Hkh) gt u fd;k il ugha gS Q+d+Z ml

ij bl ckr esa fd ejs ;gwnh gksdj ;k uljkuh gksdj vkSj ;g bl okLrs

fd vYykg rvkyk us Q+jek;k okftc gS yksxksa ij [+kkuk&dkck dk g+t

djuk ml ij fd rkd+r j[ks jkLrs dh- (tkesv~ f=fet+h] gnhl ua0 812)

g+t esa rkthy (tYnh) djs&(2) gt+jr bcus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k tks gt dk bjknk djs mldks vnk;xh esa mtyr

(tYnh) djuk pkfg;s- (lquu vcw nkÅn] gnhl ua0 1732] eqLun vgen

ft-3] lqQ+k ua-436)

okYnSu dh rjQ+ ls gt djuk& gt+jr vch jt+huqy vd+hyhjft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds ikl ,d

'k[+l vk;k vkSj vt+Z djus yxk esjk cki cqM<k gS tks u rks gtks&mejk

dh rkd+r j[krk gS vkSj u lokj gksus dh- Q+jek;k vius cki dh rjQ+


112

ls gt&vks&mejk dj ys- (tkesv~ f=fet+h] gnhl ua0 930)

vT+kers eDdk& (1) gt+jr bcus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq fjok;rQ+jekrs gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us eDdk ds gd+ esa Q+jek;k

D;k [+kwc 'kgj gS rw vkSj eq>s cgqr egcwc gS vxj esjh d+kSe (d+qjS'k) eq>s

rsjs ikl ls u fudky nsrh rks eSa rsjs flok; dgha u jgrk-

(tkesv~ f=fet+h] gnhl ua0 3926)

nwljh txg Q+jekrs gSa&

(2) [+kqnk dh d+le! rw [+kqnk dh t+ehu esa lc ls csgrj gS vkSj [+kqnk dks

Hkh lcls T+;knk egcwc gS] vxj rsjh d+kSe eq>s u fudkyrh rks eSa rq> ls

u fudyrk- (tkesv~ f=fet+h] gnhl ua0 3925)

mEer dh HkykbZ dkcs dh rkT+khe esa gS&gt+jr v;k'k fcu vch jchv~rqy e[+kT+kweh fjok;r Q+jekrs gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ;g mEer ges'kk HkykbZ ds lkFk

jgsxh tc rd (dkcs) dh rkt+he djrs jgsaxs tks mldk gd+ gS vkSj tc

vt+er dks t+k, dj nsaxs gykd gks tk,axs-


gfFk;kj pykus dh eqekfuv~r&gt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq fjok;r djrs gSa eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq, lquk rqe esa ls fdlh ds fy;s ;g gyky

ugha fd og eDdk esa gfFk;kj mBk,- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 3307)

Q+rg eDdk ds fnu vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us tks[+kqrck fn;k mlds vYQ+kT+k Hkh d+kfcys eqrkYvk gSa&

cs'kd [+kqnk us eDdk dks cqT+kqxhZ nh] yksxksa dh otg ls cqT+kqxZ ugha gqvk

tks [+kqnk vkSj d+;ker ij bZeku j[krk gks mlds fy;s eDdk esa [+kw¡jst+h

djuk gyky ugha vkSj u mlds nj[+r dkVs tk,¡- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0

1833] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 3304)

gjes enhuk& (1) gt+jr vch lbZn jft+;Yykgq vUgq fjok;r djrs gSagqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k gt+jr bczkghe us eDdk dks

gje cukdj cqT+kqxhZ nh vkSj eSaus enhus dks gje cukdj cqT+kqxhZ nh (enhus


113

dh nksuksa flErsa) ogk¡ [+kw¡jst+h u dh tk, vkSj u yM+kbZ ds fy;s gfFk;kj

mBk;k tk, vkSj u enhus ds nj[+rksa dks >kM+k tk,] vycÙkk tkuojksa ds

fy;s (tkbt+ gS)- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 3336)

(2) gt+jr lkn jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us bj'kkn Q+jek;k eSa enhus ds nksuksa fdukjs ds lafxLrku ds njE;ku esa

nj[+rksa ds dkVus vkSj f'kdkj ekjus dks gjke djrk gw¡- enhuk muds okLrs

csgrj gS- mldks dksbZ 'k[+l csjx+crh ls u NksM+sxk exj vYykg rvkyk

cnysxk ml 'k[+l dks tks mlls csgrj gksxk- tks 'k[+l enhus esa jgdj ogk¡

dh l[+rh e'kD+d+r ij lkfcr d+ne jgk rks eSa d+;ker esa mldh 'kQ+kv~r

d:¡xk vkSj mldk xokg cuw¡xk- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 3318)

gqT+kwj dks enhus ls cgqr T+;knk eqgCcr Fkh&gt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa tc gqT+kwj ikd lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye lQ+j ls okil vkrs rks enhus dh nhokjksa dks ns[krs vkSj

vius Å¡V dks nkSM+krs vkSj vxj nkck ij lokj gksrs rks mldks enhus dh

eqgCcr esa rst+ pykrs fd tYn enhuk vk tk,-


enhus okyksa ls /kksdk djus dk cnyk&gt+jr lkn jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l enhus okyksa ls eØ djsxk og ?kqy tk,xk bl rjg

tSls ikuh esa ued ?kqy tkrk gS- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 1877] lgh


T+;kjrs enhuk& (1) gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftlusesjh T+;kjr bjknk djds dh og d+;ker ds fnu esjh gelk;xh esa gksxk

vkSj tks 'k[+l enhus esa jgdj ogk¡ dh lf[+r;ksa ij lcz djrk jgk] eSa

d+;ker esa mldk xokg vkSj 'kQ+hv~ gksaxk vkSj tks nksuksa gjeksa (eDdk

vkSj enhuk) esa ls fdlh gje esa ejk mldks [+kqnk veu okyksa esa mBk,xk-

(fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 2755] 'ksv~cqy bZeku] ft- 3] lq-488)

(2) gt+jr bcus mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejQ+wvu ejoh gS gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftlus gt fd;k vkSj gt djus ds


114

ckn esjs et+kj dh T+;kjr dh rks mldk T+;kjr djuk ,slk gh gS tSls esjh

ft+Unxh esa T+;kjr dh- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 2756] lquu dqcjk

ft- 5] lq- 246)

elkbys g+tvk;krks&vgknhl ls Q+jht+k&,&gt dh vt+er ox+Sjk dk gky ekywe

gks x;k- vc ;gk¡ eq[+rflj rkSj ij elkbys gt ntZ fd;s tkrs gSa rkfd

ukt+jhu dks vklkuh gks-

ftl 'k[+l dks [+kqnkoUns vkye lkfgcs&eqd+njr (rUn#Lr) djs vkSj

mlds ikl bruh nkSyr gks fd cky&cPpksa ds [kkus&ihus dk [+kpZ nsdj

jkLrs dk fdjk;k o t+:jh b[+kjktkr dk iwjk [+kpkZ gks og 'k[+l mez esa

,d ckj gt djs vkSj ;gh gt Q+tZ+ gS- tc ,slh gkyr gks tk, rks Q+kSju

gt vnk djs] nsj u djuk pkfg;s-

gt ds vjdku& ;w¡ rks cgqr ls gSa muesa ls t+Sy ds vQ+vky Q+t+Z gSa&(1) ,gjke cka/kuk-

(2) vjQ+kr ds eSnku esa Bgjuk-

(3) nloha rkjh[+k dks rokQ+s [+kkuk&,&dkck djuk ftuds cx+Sj gt ugha

gksxk-

(4) lbZ+ nkSM+uk-

okftckr& ftuds u djus ls gt rks ckfry ugha gksrk] vycÙkk d+qckZuhdjuk ykft+e gks tkrh gS og gLcs t+Sy gSa&

(1) ehd+kr ls ,gjke cka/kuk-

(2) dadfj;k¡ Qsaduk-

(3) X+kq:c vkQ+rkc rd eqT+knYQ+k esa Bgjuk-

(4) jkr dks eqT+knYQ+k esa d+;ke djuk-

(5) feuk esa Bgjuk-

(6) rokQ+s #tw o okilh-

(7) lj ds cky eqaMokuk ;k drjokuk-

buesa ,d pht+ Hkh vxj rdZ gks xbZ rks dq+ckZuh ykft+e gksxh-

egT+kwjkrs gt& og ckrsa ftudk djuk euk gS] tc gt ;k mejs dh


115

fu;r ls ,gjke cka/k ys rks mldks okftc gS fd%&

(1) vkSjr ds lkFk ftekv~ (gefcLrjh) djus vkSj nwljs xqukgksa ls cps-

(2) fdlh ls yM+s ugha-

(3) [+kq'dh ds tkuoj u f'kdkj djs-

(4) fdlh nwljs dks f'kdkj djus ds okLrs u dgs] u b'kkjs ls cryk,-

(5) [+kq'cw u yxk,-

(6) uk[+kqu u rj'kok,-

(7) eq¡g vkSj lj u <kads-

(8) lj vkSj nk<+h dks fdlh pht+ ls u /kks,-

(9) lj ds cky u drjok,] u eqaMok,-

(10) dqrkZ] Vksih] iktkek] vpdu] flys gq, diM+s u igus-

(11) lj ij vekek u cka/ks-

(12) ekst+s Hkh u igus-

(13) jaxhu eqvÙkj diM+k Hkh u igus-

mejk djuk lqUur gS- rokQ+s cSrqYykg djuk] lQ+k o eokZ ds njE;ku

nkSM+uk cl blh d+nj mejk gS-

lkekus lQ+j ds ckn gt ds fy;s tc fudys rks igys nks jdv~r

uekt+ ufQ+y i<+s- igyh esa vygEn] d+qy ;k&v¸;qgy dkfQ+:u] nwljh

jdv~r esa vygEn o d+qy gq oYykgq vg+n i<+s] mlds ckn vgyks&v;ky

dks #[+lr djs vkSj gj ,d ls dgs& bLrkSnm+Yykfg nhfudk o vekufrdk

o [+kokfrek v+&e&fyd- (rtZqek) rqEgkjk nhu rqEgkjh vekur [+kqnk ds

lqiqnZ djrk gw¡- [+kqnk [+kkRek c[+kSj djs-

?kj ds njokt+s ls fudydj dgs%&

fcfLeYykfg roDdYrq v+yYykfg yk gkSyk oyk dq+Oork bYyk

fcYykfg vYykgqEek fcdk vUr'kjrq o v+ySdk roDdYrq o

fcdk vv+rflErq o bySdk roTtgrq vYykgqEek T+kwnfuÙkd+ok

ox+fQ+jyh T+kach o oTtguh fyy[+kSfj ,&uek roTtgrq-

vknkcs ,gjke& tc ed+kes ;yeye tks vn~u ls vkxs gS lkeus vktk, rks X+kqLy djs] [+kr cuok,] uk[+kqu drjok,] flys gq, diM+s mrkj


116

ns] ,d rgcUn cka/k ys] ,d pknj vks<+ ys] [+kq'cw yxk,] lokjh ij lokj

gksdj g+t dh fu;r djs vkSj ck vkokt+ cqyUn dgs%&

yCcSd- vYykgqEek yCcSd- yk 'kjhdk y&dk yCcSd- bUuy&g+Enk

oUusv+&e&rk y&dk oy eqYd- yk 'kjhdk yd-

vknkcs nq[+kwys eDdk o rokQ+& eDdk eqv+T+t+ek ds d+jhc igq¡pdjX+kqLy djs- gt esa ukS txg X+kqLy djuk lqUur gS%&

(1) coD+rs ,gjke-

(2) nkf[+kyk eDdk eqvT+t+ek ds oD+r-

(3) rokQ+s T+;kjr ds oD+r-

(4) vjQ+kr esa tkus ls d+Cy-

(5) eqT+knYQ+k esa rhu X+kqLy-

(6) iRFkj ekjrs oD+r-

(7) rokQ+s fonkv~ (#[+lrh rokQ+) djus ls igys-

vyx+t+Z X+kqLy ds ckn eDdk eqvT+t+ek esa nkf[+ky gks ftl ed+ke ls

[+kkuk dkck ut+j vk, ;g nqvk i<+s%&

yk bykgk bYyYykgq oYykgq vdcj vYykgqEek vUrLlykeq o feUdLlykeq

o nk&j&dLlykeq rckjdrk ;k t+ytykfy oy bdjke- vYykgqEek gkt+k

cSfrdk vt+&erqgq o 'k&j&Q+rqgw o djZerqgw vYykgqEek Q+ft+ngq rv+T+khek

o ft+ngq r'kjhQ+u o rdjheu o ft+ngq eg+kcru o ft+n feu gTtru

fcjZu o djkeru vYykgqEeQ+rg+yh vcokck jgefrd onf[+kyuh tUur&dk

ov+ft+uh feu''kSrkfujZthe-

efLtns gjke esa ckc cuh 'kSck ls nkf[+ky gksdj rokQ+ djs vkSj 'kq:

esa ;g nqvk i<+s%&

vYykgqEek bZekfudk fcdk o rlnhd+u fc&fdrkfcdk o oQ+kvu fcv+gfndk

ofÙkckv+u fylqUufr ufcf¸;dk eqgEenu l-v-o-

[+kkuk dkck ds njokt+s ds eqd+kfcy igq¡p dj dgs%&

vYykgqEek gkt+y g+&j&eq gfeZdk o gkt+k bYyk feu vefudk o gkt+k

ed+key v+kbnk fcdk feuUukfj-

#dqus bjkd+h ij igq¡pdj i<+s%&


117

vYykgqEek bUuh vÅ+T+kq fcdk feu''kfDd o'k&f'kfdZ oy dqfÝ+ ofUuQ+kfd+

o'k&f'kd+kfd+ o lwby v[+kykfd+ o lwby eUt+fj fQ+y vgfy oy ekfy

oy o&y&fn-

eht+kc ds uhps vkdj dgs%&

vYykgqEek vt+yyfu rg+&rk vf'kZdk ;kSeu fyvt+yqy vft+Yyq vf'kZdk

vYykgqEek vlfd+uh fcdv~flu eqgEefnu l-v-o- 'kcZfru yk ft+ek v

cv+ngq v&c&nk-

#dqus 'kkeh ij dgs%&

vYykgqEet&v+ygq g+Ttu ec:jk o lv+;u e'dwju o T+kacu ex+Q+wju o

frtk&jru yu rcwjk ;k vT+khT+kq ;k x+Q+w# vx+fQ+j ojg+e o rtkoT+kq

v+Eek rv+ye bUudk vUry vbT+T+kqy vdje-

#dus ;ekuh dh nqvk&

vYykgqEek bUuh vÅT+kq fcdk feuy dqfÝ+ o vÅT+kq fcdk feuy Q+qd+fj o

feu vt+kfcy d+fcz o feu fQ+rufry g+;kfr oy eekfr o vÅ+T+kq fcdk

feuy f[+kT+kf; fQ+n&nqU;k oy vkf[+kjk-

#dqu o gtjs vlon ds njE;ku dh nqvk&

vYykgqEek jCcuk vkfruk fQ+nnqfu;k g&l&urao o fQ+y vkf[+k&jfr

gl&urao o fd+uk vt+kcUukfj o vt+kcy d+fcz-

rokQ+ ls Q+kfjx+ gksdj gtjs vlon vkSj njokT+ks ds njE;ku [kM+s gksdj

;g nqvk i<+s%&

vYykgqEek ;k jfCcy vrhfd+ vv+rfd+ jd+cfr feuUukj o vv+ft+uh feu

dqfYy lwb od+fuv+Uuh fcek jt+d+ruh o ckfjd yh Q+hek vkrS&ruh-

blds ckn nq:n'kjhQ+] bLrx+Q+kj ox+Sjk i<+dj nqvk,¡ ek¡xsa vkSj ed+kes

bczkghe ds vkxs nks jdv~r uekt+ ufQ+y vnk djs fQj gtjs vlon dk

ckslk ns- t+et+e [+kwc lSj gksdj fi;s- t+et+e ihrs oD+r Hkh dgs%&

vYykgqEet v+ygq f'kQ+kvu feu dqfYy l&d+fe o vv+frfuy v[+kykfl

oy ;d+hu-

fQj lQ+k dh rjQ+ jokuk gks tk,] lQ+k ij igq¡pdj tc [+kkuk dkck

ut+j vk, rks ;g nqvk i<+s%&


118

yk bykgk bYyYykgq og+ngw yk 'kjhdk ygq ygqy eqfYd o&y&gqy gEnq

;qgf; o ;qehrq o gqok g¸;q yk ;ewrq fc;fnfgy [+kSj o gqok v+yk dqfYy

'kSbu d+nhj- yk bykgk bYyYykgq og+ngw fln~d+k ov+ngq o uljk v+fCnfg

o vbT+T+kq tqUngq o gfT+ey vg+t+kfc og+ngq yk bykgk bYyYykgq eqf[+ylhuk

ygqíhuk oykS dfjgy dkfQ+:u-

lQ+k ij Hkh nqvk,¡ ekaxs] tc ejok dh rjQ+ jokuk gks rks ;g nqvk i<+s%&

jfCcx+fQ+j ojg+e o rtkoqt+k v+Eek rv+ye bUudk vUry vbT+T+kqy

vdje- vYykgqEek jCcuk vkfruk fQ+n~nqfu;k g+&l&urao o fQ+y vkf[+k&jfr

g+&l&urao ofd+uk vt+kcu&ukfj-

tc ?kj dh okilh dk bjknk djs rks vk[+kjh rokQ+s fonk djds eDdk

eqvT+t+ek ls pys-

T+;kjrs enhuk equOojk& T+;kjrs enhuk r¸;ck ds Q+t+kby xqft+'rkvgknhl esa ntZ dj pqds gSa- ckjxkgs enhuk dh gkt+jh ds 'kQ+ksZ&cqT+kqxhZ ij

egkfen (rkjhQ+sa) i<+us dk ekSd+k ugha] ojuk cgqr lh t+:jh ckrsa vt+Z dh

tk ldrh Fkha- ;g og eqckjd ed+ke gS ftlesa vkjke Q+jekus okys dh

t+krs vd+nl us eDdk dks reke vkye dk dkck cuk fn;k] ftlds ik,

vD+nl dh otg ls [+kkd dh d+Lesa [kkbZ xbZa lYyYykgq vySdk ;k

jlwyqYykg enhuk ikd dh gh og lj t+ehu gS fd vxj vk¡[kksa ds cy

fdlh dks tkuk ulhc tks tk, rks D;k dguk-

iwjs vncks&,grjke ls ;g rlOoqj djrs gq, fd ljdkjs fjlkyr

evkc lYyYykgq vySfg olYye esjh ud+yks&gjdr eqykfgt+k Q+jek jgs

gSa- lQ+j djs] nq:n 'kjhQ+ dljr ls i<+rk jgs] tc gjes enhuk r¸;ck

lkeus vk, rks okfygkuk vUnkt+ esa dgs%&

vYykgqEek gkt+k g+&j&ek jlwfydk Q+t v+ygq yh od+k;fr feuu&ukj o

vekue&feuy vt+kfc o lwby fglkc-

blds ckn X+kqLy dj ds 'kgj ds vUnj nkf[+ky gks vkSj vk;rs djhek%&

jfCc vnf[+kyuh eqn[+kyk flnfd+ao o v[+kfjtuh eq[+kfjtk flnfd+ao ot

v+Yyh feYynqudk lqYrkuu ulhjk- (lwjg cuh blzkbZy% 80) fQj efLtns

ucoh esa gkft+j gksdj nks jdv~r uekt+ feEcj 'kjhQ+ dh uhps i<+s] lqrwu


119

eqckjd nkfgus ckT+kw ds cjkcj gS- fQj 'kfga'kkgs dksuSu :gh ygqy fQ+nk ds

jkSt+k&,&eqckjd dh gkt+jh o T+;kjr dk d+ln djs vkSj vncks&,grjke

ds lkFk lykrks&lyke vt+Z djs- vxj fdlh us lyke Hkstk gS rks vt+Z

djs%& vLlykeq v+ySdk ;k jlwyqYykg feu Q+ykfuLlykeq v+ySdk ;k

jlwyqYykg fQj fdlh d+nj ihNs gVdj ckjxkgs gt+jr flíhd+ o mej

jft+;Yykgq vUgqek esa gfn;k&,&lykes fu;kt+ is'k djs] fQj ogk¡ ls

gt+jkrs lgkck dh T+;kjr o Q+kfrgk i<+rk gqvk nwljs v'kx+kys& gluk esa

el:Q+ gks- dksf'k'k ;gh jgs fd tc rd d+;ke gks enuh pkUn ds tYos

vk¡[kksa ds lkeus jgsa-

gjeSu 'kjhQ+Su ds ckf'kUnxku dh bvkurks&f[+kner ftl d+nj Hkh

eqefdu gks dh tk,-

eSa bl flyflys esa vius eq'kkfgnkr dh fcuk ij dg ldrk gw¡ fd

gj lky lc ls T+;knk eqerkt+ vkSj eqLrgde f[+knekr lYrurs&vklfQ+;k

ndu (gSnjkckn) vatke nsrh gS- yk[kksa #i;k lkfduku eDdk o enhuk

dh T+kq:fj;kr ij gj lky ,d olhv~ fut+ke ds lkFk [+kpZ fd;k tkrk

gS- Q+Ò+s&feYyr tukc lj fut+ker tax tSls vdkfcj ndu gjeSu

'kjhQ+Su esa gkft+j gksdj og eqQ+hn rnkchj ftu ls enhus ds ckf'kUnksa ds

bfD+rlknh o ekyh gkyr nq#Lr gks] eqjfÙkc dj ds vEyh ftíkstqgn djrs

gSa- enhuk r¸;ck ds vUnj lYrurs vklfQ+;k dh benkn ls ikpkZckQ+h

(diM+k cqukbZ) ds dkj[+kkus dk vkx+kt+ gks pqdk gS- 'kqjQ+k,&enhuk ds og

cPps ftuds ?kjksa ls fdlh t+ekus esa lngk uqQ+wl ijofj'k ikrs Fks og vkt

viuk isV Hkh ugha Hkj ldrs- ikpkZckQ+h ds dkj[+kkus [kqy tkus ls mEehn

gS fd FkksM+s oD+r esa vius [+kkunku dh ijofj'k dj ldsaxs-

[+kqnk,&cjrj eqefydrs vklfQ+;k ds rktnkj vkykgt+jr uokc ehj

mleku vyh [+kk¡ dh mez esa cjdr vrk Q+jek, ftuds d+Yc esa vkyes

bLykeh dh eqgCcr dk uD+'k d+kbe gS vkSj ftudk gkFk vjt+s&gje dh

f[+kner ds fy;s c<+k gqvk gS-

q q q


120

gqd+wd+qybckn dk fuT+kkes vEyfiNys lQ+gkr esa Q+jkbt+ks&bcknkr ds t+:jh mewj ntZ gq,- vc

bUlkuh eqvk'kjr vkSj gqd+wdqybckn ds og vge 'kkscs ftu ij eqlyeku

dh cd+k o g;kr dh bfUglkj gS ntZ fd;s tkrs gSa] ftuls bUlku dks nks

pkj gksuk gS vkSj ;gh og pht+ gS ftls bLyke eqdEey Q+jekus ds fy,

vk;k- ;g dksbZ jLeh o ,rd+knh tT+ck ugha] cfYd ,d gd+hd+r gS fd

gqT+kwj [+kRes erZcr us bUlku dh g;krks&eqvk'kjr ds d+kuwu dks d+;ker

rd ds fy;s eqdEey Q+jek fn;k- eqvk'kjrh fut+ke dh og t+cjnLr

nQ+vkr eqd+jZj dha fd vxj eqlyekukus vkye mu ij vEy djsa rks mu

dh ft+Unxh dk gj 'kksck nwljh vd+oke ds eqd+kcys esa T+;knk ls T+;knk

dke;kc gks ldrk gS-

ek¡&cki ds lkFk lqywd& cnfd+Lerh ls bl t+ekus esa vkSykn viusokYnSu dh lgh bT+t+rks&rdjhe ls nwj gksrh tk jgh gS] ftldh otg ls

rjg&rjg ds uqd+lkukr iSnk gks jgs gSa- ;gk¡ eq[+rlj vk;krks&vgknhl ntZ

dh tkrh gSa&

vk;kr (rtZqek)&(1) ß;kn djks ml oD+r dks tc geus cuh blzkbZy ls vgn fy;k Fkk fd

[+kqnk ds flok fdlh dh bcknr u djuk- ek¡&cki vkSj fj'rsnkjksa vkSj

;rkek (;rheksa) o elkdhu ds lkFk lqywd djksÞ- (lwjg cd+jg%83)

(2) ßgeus bUlku dks okYnSu ds lkFk vglku djus dh ofl;r dh-

eqf'dy ls ek¡ us mldks vius isV esa j[kk vkSj eqf'dy ls tukÞ-

(lwjg vg+d+kQ+% 15)

(3) ßvYykg rvkyk dh bcknr djks] mlds lkFk 'kjhd u djks] okYnSu

ds lkFk lqywd djksÞ (lwjg fulk% 36)


121

(4) ß[+kqnk us rqedks gqDe fn;k fd flQ+Z vYykg dh gh bcknr djks vkSj

okYnSu ds lkFk (usd) lqywd djksÞ- (lwjg cuh blzkbZ% 23)

(5) ßokYnSu ds lkFk usdh djks vkSj t+kfyeks&ukQ+jeku u gksÞ-

(lwjg efj;e% 14)

(6) ßeq>s ofl;r dh uekt+ks&t+dkr dh tc rd eSa ft+Unk jgw¡ vkSj

okYnSu ds lkFk usdh djus dhÞ- (lwjg efj;e% 23)

(7) ßvxj okYnSu esa ls ,d Hkh cq<+kis dks igq¡p tk, rks muds lkeus ̂ gw¡*

Hkh u djuk vkSj u >xM+uk vkSj vnc ds lkFk muls ckr djks vkSj

>qdk, jgks eqgCcrks vkftt+h ls igyw vkSj muds gd+ esa nqvk djrs jgks]

,s esjs ijofnZxkj! ftl rjg eq>s bUgksaus cpiu ls ikyk vkSj esjs gky ij

jge djrs jgs blh rjg rw Hkh bu ij jge Q+jekÞ- (lwjg cuhblzkbZy%23)

vxj ek¡&cki f[+kykQ+s [+kqnk vkSj jlwy gqDe djsa rks muls,jkt+ fd;k tk,&ßgeus bUlku dks ofl;r dh fd oks vius okYnSu ds lkFk vPNk crkZo

djs] vxj nj iS gksa fd rw 'kjhd Bgjk, ftldh rsjs ikl nyhy ugha rw

mudk dguk u ekuÞ- (lwjg vudcwr% 8)

vgknhl (rtZqek)&(1) ßgt+jr bcus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k ek¡&cki ds lkFk usdh djus okyk Q+jt+Un ek¡&cki dks

tc eqgCcr dh fuxkg ls ns[krk gS rks [+kqnk mlds fy;s gj ut+j ds cnys

esa ,d gts&ed+cwy dk lokc fy[krk gS- lgkck us vt+Z fd;k ;k

jlwyqYykg! vxjps gj fnu esa lkS ckj ns[ks\ Q+jek;k gk¡] [+kqnk cqT+kqxZrj

vkSj T+;knk ikd gSÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 4944)

(2) ß[+kqnk dh jt+keUnh cki dh jt+keUnh vkSj [+kqnk dh uk[+kq'kh okfyn dh

uk[+kq'kh esa gSÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1899)

(3) ßgt+jr vcw mekek jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa ,d 'k[+l us gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls nj;k¶+r fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg! okYnSu dk

vkSykn ij D;k gd+ gS\ Q+jek;k& rsjh tUurks&nkst+[+k og nksuksa gSaÞ-

(lquu bcus ektg] gnhl ua0 3662)


122

(4) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vez jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye ds ikl ,d 'k[+l vk;k mlus ftgkn esa 'kjhd gksus dh

btkt+r pkgh rks vkius Q+jek;k& D;k rsjs okYnSu ft+Unk gSa\ dgk gk¡-

Q+jek;k muds gqd+wd+ dh fg+Q+kt+r esa dksf'k'k dj- ,d fjok;r esa ;w¡ Hkh

vk;k gS fd mudh rjQ+ ykSV tk vkSj (vPNk) lqywd dj vkSj f[+kner

djÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 3004)

nk;k dh vT+ker& ßgt+jr vch rqQ+Sy jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa eSausgqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks ekSt+k tsv~jkuk esa xks'r rD+lhe

Q+jekrs gq, ns[kk- blh nkSjku ,d vkSjr gqT+kwj ds d+jhc vkbZ rks vkius

mlds fy;s pknj eqckjd fcNk nh ftl ij og cSB xbZ- eSaus vt+Z fd;k

dkSu gS\ rks yksxksa us crk;k gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh nk;k

lkfgck (gt+jr gyhek) gSa ftUgksaus vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks

nw/k fiyk;k FkkÞ- (lquu vcw nkÅn] gnhl ua0 5144)

okYnSu ds ejus ds ckn mudh f[+kner dk rjhd+k&gt+jr vcw mlSn dgrs gSa ge gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh f[+kner

esa gkft+j Fks fd cuh lyek dk ,d 'k[+l vk;k] mlus vt+Z fd;k okYnSu

ds lkFk ft+Unxh Hkj tks usdh dj ldrk Fkk dj pqdk] D;k muds ejus

ds ckn Hkh dksbZ vkSj usdh ckd+h gS tks muds lkFk d:¡\ Q+jek;k gk¡! muds

gd+ esa nqvk djuk] cf[+'k'k ek¡xuk] muds vgnks&iSek¡ dks iwjk djuk]

mudh eqgCcrks [+kq'uwnh ds fy;s flyk&jgeh djuk vkSj muds nksLrksa dh

rkt+heks&rkSd+hj djuk- (lquu vcw nkÅn] gnhl ua0 5144)

vkSjr ij bLyke ds vglkukr& bLyke ls igys vxj eq[+rfyQ+d+kSeksa dh rkjh[+kksa ij ut+j Mkyh tk, rks ;g gd+hd+r c[+kwch lkQ+ gks

tkrh gS fd ,slk dksbZ cnrjhu lqywd u Fkk tks vkSjr ds lkFk jok u j[kk

x;k gks- nqfu;k dh gj ft+Yyr bl et+ywe rcd+s ds fgLls esa vk pqdh Fkh-

vkSjr ekyks&vlckc cfYd pkSik;ksa dh rjg csph vkSj [+kjhnh tkrh Fkh-

,d vkSjr ls [+kkunku ds reke vQ+jkn viuh [+okfg'kkrs uQ+lkuh iwjh

djrs Fks- fjlkys dh nhxj vge T+kq:fj;kr dh fcuk ij pUn bfD+rcklkrks&

b'kkjkr ntZ fd;s tkrs gSa&


123

gqdek, ;wuku esa lqd+jkr dh 'kf[+l;r ls dkSu cs[+kcj gS mldk

e'kgwj d+kSy gS& ßvkSjr ls T+;knk fQ+ruk&vks&Q+lkn dh vkSj dksbZ pht+

nqfu;k esa ughaÞ-

vQ+ykrwu dgrk gS& ßftrus t+kfye vkSj t+yhy enZ gSa og urkbt ds

vkye esa vkSjr gks tkrs gSaÞ-

;wukuh vkerkSj ij dgrs Fks& ßlk¡i ds Mlus dk bykt eqefdu gS] exj

vkSjr ds Q+lkn dk nfQ+;k (cpko) eqgky gSÞ-

;wgUuk, nfe'd+h dk d+kSy gS& ßvkSjr 'kj dh csVh vkSj veuks&lykerh

dh nq'eu gSÞ-

;wjksi ftls vkt rgt+hcks&'kkbLrxh dk xgokjk dgk tkrk gS mldk

vkye ;g Fkk fd 586 bZ0 esa bZlkb;ksa dh ,d dkSafly esa vkSjr ds

eqrkfYyd+ cgl gqbZ] vkSjr dk ftLe :g ds d+kfcy Hkh gS ;k ugha- pUn

ekg ds eqckfglksa ds ckn rLyhe fd;k x;k vkSjr esa :g ekStwn gS- :erqy

dqcjk tks bZlkb;r dk ejdt+ Fkk ogk¡ vkSjrksa dh gkyr ykSafM;ksa ls cnrj

Fkh vkSj dgk tkrk Fkk gt+jr gOok dh [+krk dh otg ls vkSjr gj lt+k

dh eqLrfgd+ gS-

phu tks fdlh t+ekus esa rgt+hc dk ejdt+ jgk] ogk¡ Hkh ;g ,rd+kn

Fkk fd vkSjr vPNh gks ;k cqjh] mls ekjrs jguk pkfg;s vkSj fdlh vkSjr

dk ,rckj u fd;k tk,-

fgUnqLrku esa vkSjr ckafn;ksa dh rjg j[kh tkrh Fkh] fd+ekj ckft+;ksa esa

vkSjrksa dks ns fn;k tkrk Fkk- nsorkvksa ds lkeus mldh dqckZuh dh tkrh]

U;ksx tSlh 'keZukd jLe dk fjokt Fkk] eqnkZ 'kkSgjksa ds lkFk ft+Unk vkSjrsa

vkx esa tykbZ tkrha-

vjc vkSjr ds ekeys esa lcls T+;knk vkxs Fkk- ogk¡ vkSjr ds lkFk

gSokuksa dk lk lqywd fd;k tkrk- [+kkfoUn ds ckn mldh reke chfc;k¡ csVs

ds fudkg esa vk tkrha- bLyke ls igys vkSjr ij og T+kqYe <k, tk jgs

Fks ftudks i<+dj bUlkfu;r Hkh 'kjekrh gS-

bLyke esa vkSjr dk erZck& bLyke us vkdj vkSjr dks bUlkuhgqd+wd ls ekykeky fd;k- t+uks&'kks (fe;k¡ choh) ds rkYyqd+kr] fojklrh]


124

eqvk'kjrh] tekv~rh] bYeh gqd+wd+ dh clhr vkSj eqQ+Lly vcokc d+kbe

dha] ftl d+nj et+kfye vkSjrksa ij fd;s tk jgs Fks bu lcdks cUn fd;k

vkSj bl flUQ+s&ukT+kqd dks d+æks&efUt+yr dk rkt iguk;k- ft+Unxh ds

'kksck&tkr esa vkSjr dks fgLlk fn;k-

vk;kr (rtZqek)& ß,s yksxks! vius [+kqnk ls Mjks ftlus rqedks ,d ghtku ls iSnk fd;k vkSj mldk tksM+k Hkh mlls iSnk fd;k vkSj nksuksa ls

cgqr enZ vkSj vkSjrsa QSyk nhaÞ- (lwjg fulk% 1)

vkeky esa vkSjr o enZ dk ntkZ&(1) ß[+kqnk us eksfeu enksZa vkSj vkSjrksa ls tUurksa dk oknk fd;k gS ftuesa

ugjsa cgrh gksaxhÞ- (lwjg rkSck% 72)

(2) ßrqe esa ls tks Hkh vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy dh brkv~r vkSj usd

vEy djsxh rks ge mldks vrk djsaxs vtz nks ckj vkSj geus eqgS;k dj

j[kh gS mlds fy;s bT+t+r dh jkst+hÞ- (lwjg vgt+kc% 31)

enZ vkSjr ds rkYyqd+kr&tgk¡ rd gqd+wd+s vkSjr dk rkYyqd+ gS fiNys lqQ+gkr esa ge eq[+rlj

cgl dj vk, gSa- bLyke eqd+íl us vkSjr ij vglkus vt+he Q+jek;k]

mldh eqvk'kjr dks lrgs eqrZQ+k ij igq¡pkdj vkSjr vkSj enZ ds njE;ku

tks fQ+rjh Q+d+Z Fkk mls lkeus j[kdj ft+Unxh dh rD+lhe Q+jek nh- enZ

dks vxj rnchjs efUt+y ds fy;s eqv¸;u fd;k rks vkSjr dks ?kj ds

vUn:uh bfUrt+kekr dh fuxjkuh o bfUrt+ke ds fy;s rtoht+ fd;k

rkfd ;g eqvk'kjrh fut+ke rckg u gks tk,-

ckt+ dq+Oorsa enZ ds eqd+kcys esa vkSjr ds vUnj fulcru de gSa bl

fy;s enZ dk ntkZ cqyUn gqvk- blds ekv~uh gjfxt+ ugha fd 'kkSgj viuh

bl cqyUnh ds ckbl vkSjr dks gd+hjks&t+yhy le>s- bLyke us vySfgnk

vySfgnk muokukr ds ekrgr tkfuchu dh ft+Unxh ds vcokc eqv¸;u

Q+jek fn;s-

fudkg& fudkg tekv~rh vQ+jkn ds lkeus ,d ,sls eqvkfgns dk uke gSftlds ckn enksZ&vkSjr ij bLykeh d+kuwu ds rgr tkbt+ gqd+wd+ d+kbe gks

tkrs gSa- bLyke ds bl eqckjd rjhd+s ds ckn og reke [+kjkfc;k¡ tks


125

bLyke ls igys tkjh Fkha cUn gks tkrh gSa- gjkedkjh dh t+:jr gh ckd+h

ugha jgrh- bZtkcks&dq+cwy ds lkFk gh enZ ij vkSjr dh f[+kner] vkSjr ij

enZ dh brkv~r ykft+e gks tkrh gS- vc ge pUn t+:jh vgknhl 'kjhQ+k

ntZ djrs gSa-

vgknhl (rtZqek)&(1) ßgt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

us Q+jek;k ftl vkSjr us iUtoD+rk uekt+ i<+h vkSj eghus Hkj ds jkst+s j[ks

vkSj ikdnkeu jgh vkSj 'kkSgj dh brkv~r dh rks tUur ds ftl njokt+s

ls pkgs nkf[+ky gks tk,xhÞ- (fe'dkrqy&elkchg] gnhl ua0 3254)

(2) ßgt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k rhu 'k[+l gSa ftudh u rks uekt+ dq+cwy dh tkrh gS

vkSj u mudh usfd;k¡ Åij p<+rh gSa] Hkkxk gqvk X+kqyke tc rd vius

vkd+kvksa ds ikl okil vkdj viuk gkFk muds gkFkksa ij u j[k ns] og

vkSjr ftldk [+kkfoUn mlls uk[+kq'k gks vkSj engks'k ;gk¡ rd fd gks'k esa

u vk,- (lquu dqcjk] ft-1] lq-389)

(3) ßgt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye ls iwNk x;k vkSjrksa esa lcls csgrj dkSu vkSjr gS\ Q+jek;k og

ftls enZ ns[kdj [+kq'k vkSj 'kknek¡ gks- 'kkSgj ds gqDe dks ctk yk, vkSj

viuh tkuks&eky esa mldh eq[+kkYQ+r u djs tks mls ukxokj gks-

(lquu ulkbZ] gnhl ua0 3233)

(4) ßgt+jr mEes lyek jft+;Yykgq vUgk Q+jekrh gSa eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq, lquk tks vkSjr bl gkyr esa ejh fd ml

dk 'kkSgj ml ls [+kq'k Fkk rks og t+:j tUur esa tk,xh-

(lquu bcus ektg] gnhl ua0 1854)

(5) ßgt+jr evkt+ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k tc dksbZ vkSjr vius [+kkfoUn dks nqfu;k esa lrkrh

gS rks mldh choh gwjs ,+Su dgrh gS [+kqnk rq>s x+kjr djs bldks u lrk]

bl fy;s fd og rsjs ikl eqlkfQ+jkuk ft+Unxh xqt+kj jgk gS d+jhc gS fd

rq> ls tqnk gksdj ge esa vk feysÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1174)


126

enksZa ij vkSjrksa ds gqd+wd+% vk;kr (rtZqek)&(1) ßvkSjrksa dk Hkh enksZa ij mlh rjg gd+ gS tSlk fd enksZa dk vkSjrksa

ij] nLrwj ds eqrkfcd+Þ- (lwjg cd+jg% 228)

(2) ßbu vkSjrksa dks lrkus ds fy;s u jksdks] u T+;knrh djks mu ijftl

us ,slk fd;k mlus vius u¶+l ij T+kqYe fd;kÞ- (lwjg cd+jg% 231)

(3) ßmuds lkFk lqywd djks ed+nwj (gSfl;r) okys ij mlds eqrkfcd+

vkSj csed+nwj (de gSfl;r) ij mlds eqrkfcd+ lqywd djuk nLrwj ds

eqrkfcd+- ;g ykft+e gS usd yksxksa ijÞ- (lwjg cd+jg% 236)

(4) ß[+kqnk us rqe esa ls rqEgkjs fy;s tksM+s iSnk fd;s rkfd rqe bl ls lqdwu

gkfly djksÞ- (lwjg :e% 21)

(5) ßvkSjrksa ds lkFk [+kwch ls jgks vxj og rqedks ,d gh pht+ ukilUn

gks vkSj [+kqnk muesa cgqr lh [+kwfc;k¡ iSnk dj nsÞ- (lwjg fulk% 19)

(6) ßvkSjrsa rqEgkjk fyckl gSa vkSj rqe mudk fyckl gksÞ-

(lwjg cd+jg% 187)

enksZa dks vkSjrksa ds gqd+wd+ vnk djus dh fgnk;kr&(1) ßgt+jr vez bCus vgol vius okfyn ls fjok;r djrs gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k& vkSjrksa ds ckjs esa esjh ofl;r

dq+cwy djks] eSa muds eqrkfYyd+ rqedks ofl;r djrk gw¡ D;ksafd og rqEgkjs

gkFkksa esa d+Snh dh rjg gSa rqe l[+khj blds fd [+kqnk us rqEgkjs fy;s muls

Q+k;nk gkfly djus dks gyky fd;k gS vkSj dqN bf[+r;kj ugha j[krs exj

gk¡ tc [kqyh gqbZ csg;kbZ dh eqjrfdc gksa] vxj og ,slk dj xqt+jsa rks

muds lkFk gefcLrjh rdZ dj nks- ukxokj vkSj fu'kku Mkyus okyh pksV

u ekjks] cfYd vkfgLrk ls ekjks] vxj og rqEgkjk dgk ekusa rks rqe igyw

u <wa<rs fQjks- cs'kd rqEgkjk vkSjrksa ij ;g gd+ gS fd og mu yksxksa ds

?kjksa esa vkus vkSj rqEgkjs Q+'kZ ij nwljksa dks cSBus dh btkt+r u nsa ftudk

vkdj rqEgkjh vkSjrksa ls ckrsa djuk rqEgsa ukilUn gks vkSj vkSjrksa dk rqe

ij ;g gd+ gS fd mUgsa vPNk f[kykvks] vPNk igukvksÞ-


(2) ßgt+jr vch gqjSjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg


127

olYye us Q+jek;k lcls T+;knk dkfey bZeku okyk og gS ftlds

v[+kykd+ lcls csgrj gksa vkSj rqe esa lcls csgrj oks yksx gSa tks viuh

chfo;ksa ds lkFk vPNh rjg is'k vk,¡Þ- (fe'dkrqyelkchg] gnhl ua%3264)

(3) ßgt+jr vch gqjSjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k bZekunkj enZ vkSjr dks uk[+kq'k u j[ks vxj

mldh ,d (vknr) ls uk[+kq'k gksxk rks nwljh ls [+kq'k gksxkÞ-


esgj& bLyke us enZ ds ft+Ees vkSjr ds gqd+wd+ dh vnk;xh ds lkFk ,dvkSj jd+e Hkh eqd+jZj Q+jek nh ftls esgj dgrs gSa- bldk vnk djuk enZ

ij ykft+e gS- vkSjr fudkg gksrs gh vius eky dh ekfyd gks tkrh gS-

vD+y (de) ntkZ esgj nl fnjge 'kjbZ ;kuh 8---- gksrk gS] bl pht+ dks

enZ dh gkyr ij j[kk x;k gS- gekjs ;gk¡ vDljks&cs'rj [+kkunkuksa esa

gt+kjksa (yk[kksa) dk esgj eqd+jZj djkrs gSa vkSj dHkh&dHkh fudkg dh

egfQ+y esa T+;knrh esgj ij bf[+rykQ+kr gks tkrs gSa] yM+dh okys viuh

ft+n ij d+kbe jgrs gSa gkykafd ;g ugha lksprs fd enZ ds ft+Ees fudkg

ds ckn bl jd+e dk vnk djuk t+:jh gks tkrk gS- tks 'k[+l fudkg ds

oD+r ;g [+k;ky djs fd eq>s vnk djuk ugha gS flQ+Z jLeu bd+jkj dj

jgk gw¡ oks eqtfje gS-

bLyke esa vkSjr dh bT+T+kr&vks b¶+Q+r dk lkeku&ihNs lqQ+gkr esa vkSjrksa ds bLykeh gqd+wd+ dk c;ku fd;k tk pqdk gS-

vkSjr cgSfl;r ek¡ ds Hkh [+kkl bT+t+r j[krh gS- gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us ek¡ dh bT+t+rks&lqywd dks cki ls eqd+íe (igys) j[kk] yM+fd;ksa

dh rjfc;r] cguksa dh fdQ+kyr ij t+ksj fn;k- gj vkSjr dh b¶+Q+r ds

fy;s ,d ljijLr dks t+:jh d+jkj fn;k- ;gk¡ rd fd ftl vkSjr dk

dksbZ fj'rsnkj u gks mldh ljijLrh eqlyeku gkfde ds ft+Ees dj nh

xbZ- vkSjr dh bT+t+r ds ckjs esa gqT+kwj dk bj'kkn gS& ßvkSjr dh bT+t+r

ogh djrk gS tks 'kjhQ+ gS vkSj mldh csbT+t+rh ogh djrk gS tks cnu¶+l

(dehu) gSÞ-

bu vgdke (gqDeksa) ds lkFk D;ksadj eqefdu Fkk fd bLyke dh bT+t+r


128

ds cd+kvks&rg¶+Q+qt+ ds fy;s nwljs vge d+kuwu u cukrk- pwafd vkSjr esa

fQ+rjru fnyd'kh vks fnyQ+jsch ds lc vUnkt+ ik, tkrs gSa gÙkk fd

mldh vkokt+ df'k'k j[krh gS tks cx+Sj ns[ks d+Ycks&fnekx+ ij [+kkl

vljkr iSnk dj nsrh gS- b/kj enZ vius vUnj tT+ckr dh nqfu;k fNik,

j[krk gS] tc nksuksa rkd+rsa cx+Sj fdlh d+kuwuh gn ds csinkZ gksaxh rks

[+okfg'kkrs uQ+lkuh viuk dke djsaxh- ;gh og pht+ Fkh ftls bLyke

feVkuk pkgrk Fkk] fygkt+k mlus insZ dk gqDe ukfQ+t+ fd;k-

;gk¡ insZ dh dfe;rks&dSfQ+;r ij rQ+lhyh cgl dk ekSd+k ugha-

ysfdu ;g gekjk et+gch Q+t+Z gS fd bl d+nj t+:j xqt+kfj'k dj nh tk,

fd ekStwnk nkSj esa og csinZxh tks ;wjksfi;u rgt+hc dh va/kh rd+yhn dh

rjQ+ tk jgh gks] ;d+huu cjcknh gS- 'kjhv~rs eqrgjk esa vkSjrksa dks ftl

d+nj fjvk;r nh xbZ Fkh vxj mlh gn rd vEy gksrk rks lgh Fkk]

ysfdu vkt gekjs ;gk¡ vkSjrksa dks ftl jkLrs ij yxk;k tk jgk gS mldh

fgek;r vgys bYe dh rjQ+ ls ugha gks ldrh- x+t+Z bl ekeys esa enZ&

vkSjr nksuksa ds fy;s ,d ls gqDe gSa- D;k enksZa ds fy;s ;s tkbt+ gS fd og

vkSjrksa dks vkt+knkuk rkSj ij rkd>k¡d djsa\

vk;kr (rtZqek)& (1) ß(,s iSx+Ecj!) eqlyekuksa ls dg nks viuh ut+jsauhph j[ksa vkSj 'keZxkgksa dh fgQ+kt+r djsa- ;s muds fy;s cgqr ikdht+xh

o lQ+kbZ dk lcc gS- tks oks djrs gSa [+kqnk reke ckrksa ls [+kcjnkj gS vkSj

eqlyeku vkSjrksa ls Q+jek nhft;s fd oks Hkh fuxkgksa dks uhpk j[ksa vkSj

'keZxkgksa dks egQ+wt+ j[ksa vkSj viuh t+scks&t+hur ds ed+kekr dks t+kfgj

u gksus nsa] exj muesa ls tks vkt+k (ftLe ds fgLls) t+:jru t+kfgj jgrs

gSa muds [kqys jgus esa dqN gjt ugha vkSj vius fxjscku o lhus ij nksiês

Mkys jgsa vkSj vius cuko&fla?kkj ds oD+r lj] lhuk vkSj fi.Myh ox+Sjk

dks [kqyk u j[ksa exj vius 'kkSgj ij ;k vius ckiksa ij ;k 'kkSgj ds cki

ij ;k vius csVksa ij ;k vius Hkkb;ksa ij ;k vius Hkrhtksa ;k Hkkatksa ij

;k vius esyfeyki dh vkSjrksa ;k viuh eeywdk ykSafM;ksa ij ;k ?kj ds

,sls f[+knerxkjksa ij ftu dks vkSjrksa ls dksbZ gktr ugha (;kuh [+oktkljk

;k cw<+s) ;k mu yM+dksa ij tks vkSjrksa dh e[+kQ+h (fNih) ckrksa ls vkxkg


129

ugha vkSj oks vius ik¡o bl t+ksj ls u j[ksa ftl ls mudk e[+kQ+h (fNik)

t+soj vkSj t+hur ekywe gks tk,Þ- (lwjg uwj% 30&31)

(2) ß,s uch! viuh chfc;ksa vkSj viuh csfV;ksa vkSj eqlyekuksa dh vkSjrksa

ls dg nks fd viuh pknjksa ds ?kw¡?kV fudky fy;k djsa] blfy;s fd vyx

igpku yh tk,¡xh vkSj dksbZ NsM+sxk ugha vkSj vYykg c[+'kus okyk

esgjcku gSÞ- (lwjg vgt+kc% 59)

(3) ßvius ?kjksa esa teh cSBh jgks] t+ekuk&,&tkfgfy;r dh rjg fla?kkj

u fn[kkrh fQjksÞ- (lwjg vgt+kc% 33)

bu vk;kr esa insZ ds t+:jh gqDe lc vk x, vkSj ftLe ds ftu

fgLlksa dks t+:jr ds eqrkfcd+ [kqys j[kus dh btkt+r nh xbZ mldh

dSfQ+;r Hkh ekywe gks xbZ- il bu lkQ+ vkSj 'kjbZ gqDeksa ds ckn oks

Q+jhd+ tks ubZ rgt+hc bf[+r;kj djus ds 'kkSd+ esa vk;kr dh rkohykr dj

dj pkgrk gS fd eqlyeku vkSjrsa bZlkbZ o ulzkuh vkSjkr dk uewuk cu

tk,¡ mldk eqívk gkfly ugha gks ldrk- vxj ;g tekv~r et+gc ds

f[+kykQ+ vius vkeky rCnhy djuk pkgrh gS rks et+gc dks inkZ cukuk

csdkj gS- ekStwnk t+ekus esa tcfd yket+gfc;r o ngfj;rks bYgkn dks

tkjh djus dh dksf'k'k tkjh gS- ekStwnk fjokth inkZ gh vkSjr dh b¶+Q+r

vkSj bT+t+r dk eqgkfQ+t+ gS-

vgknhl (rtZqek)& (1) ßgt+jr vch ewlk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSagqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k (tks) vk¡[k (ut+js&cn ;k

'kgor ls) fdlh vtuch enZ ;k vkSjr dks ns[krh gS oks t+kfu;k gS vkSj

vkSjr tc [+kq'cw eydj fdlh etfyl ls xqt+jrh gS rks oks Hkh ,slh oSlh

gSÞ- (tkes frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2786)

(2) ßßgt+jr cjhnk jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls fjok;r gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls Q+jek;k& ,s

vyh! ,d ut+j ds ckn nwljh ut+j u djks] D;ksafd igyh ut+j (tks cs

bjkns ds iM+ tk,) rqEgkjs fy;s tkbt+ gS vkSj nwljh tkbt+ ughaÞ-


(3) ßgt+jr mEes lYek ls fjok;r gS fd og gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg


130

olYye ds ikl cSBh gqbZ Fkha brus esa bCus edrwe (tks tyhyqyd+æ ukchuk

lgkch Fks) vk, vkSj lh/ks gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh f[+kner esa

igq¡p x,] vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us gt+jr mEes lYek o gt+jr

eSewuk jft+;Yykgq vUgk dh rjQ+ eqroTtg gksdj Q+jek;k rqe nksuksa insZ

esa gks tkvks- gt+jr mEes lYek Q+jekrh gSa eSaus vt+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg!

D;k bCus eDrwe ukchuk ugha fd gesa ugha ns[krs\ vki lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k rqe rks ukchuk ugha D;k rqe mls ugha ns[krhaÞ-


gT+kjr l¸;nk vk;'kk jfT+k;Yykgq vUgk dk vge bj'kkn&(4) ßmezk jft+;Yykgq vUgk gt+jr vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk ls

fjok;r djrh gSa vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks ckrsa vc

vkSjrksa us bZtkn dh gSa vxj jlwys ikd mls ns[krs rks mUgsa efLtnksa ls euk

dj nsrs (;kuh uekt+s tekv~r ds fy;s gkft+j gksus ls) ftl rjg cuh&

blzkbZy dh vkSjrksa dks euk dj fn;k x;kÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua- 869)

gT+kjr l¸;nk vk;'kk jfT+k;YykgqvUgk ml oD+r dh gkyr ds eqrkfcd+

Q+jekrh gSa tks ljdkj ds t+ekus ls d+jhc Fkk- eqlyekuksa dh vkSjrksa dk

vc tks gky gS mlds eqrkfcd+ x+kSj djks fd bu vYQ+kt+ dh jkS'kuh esa

D;k gqDe gksuk pkfg;s\

vkSjrsa vxj d+kSeks&et+gc dh f[+kner djuk pkgrh gSa rks og vius

?kj esa cSBdj Hkh dj ldrh gSa- gekjh ekStwnk uLy dh lgh rjfc;r

cPpksa dks feYyrs bLykfe;k dh f[+kner ds fy;s rS;kj djuk] cslgkjk]

X+kjhcksa dh nLrxhjh] vkSjrksa esa bLykeh o d+kSeh t+:fj;kr dk vglkl iSnk

djuk vkSj blh fd+Le ds nwljs vge ekeykr vkSjrsa vius ?kj esa vatke

ns ldrh gSa-

fiNys t+ekus esa fgtkc (insZ) dh vk;rsa ukft+y gksus ds ckn gekjh

[+kokrhu (vkSjrsa) insZ esa jgdj eqtkfgnhu ds fy;s [kkuk idkrha vkSj

nwljh vge f[+knekr esa mudk fgLlk gksrk-

vkSjrksa esa vkfeyk] t+kfgnk] eqgfílk] Q+d+hgk] 'kk;jk lc gh xqt+jh gSa-

rkjh[+ks bLyke 'kkfgn gS fd bLykeh rjfD+d+;ksa esa mudk gkFk cM+h gn rd


131

'kkfey Fkk] fdrkc dh t+[+kker ekusv~ (#dkoV) gS ojuk bl ekST+kw ij

vkSjrksa dk eqLrfd+y dkjukek g;kr d+yecUn gks ldrk Fkk-

dgk tkrk gS et+gc rjD+d+h dh jkg esa gkfjt (#dkoV) gS] gkykafd

et+gc dh cnkSyr gesa rjD+d+h dh jkgsa ekywe gqbZa- et+gcs bLyke ls igys

nqfu;k, bUlkfu;r ij rjD+d+h dk oqtwn u Fkk] et+gc us vkdj reke

jkLrs [kksys- dq+:us&Åyk vkSj mlds ckn ds eqlyekuksa us et+gc dks

lkFk&lkFk ysdj tks rjfD+d+;k¡ dha vkt yket+gfc;r dh nkSM+&/kwi esa

mldk v'js&v'khj Hkh gkfly u gqvk- vly esa et+gfc;r gh Fkh ftlus

eDdk ds ckfn;k u'khuksa dks nqfu;k ds gj fgLls dk ekfyd cuk fn;k- oks

dkSulk Q+u Fkk ftls eqlyekuksa us vius t+ekus esa ft+Unk u dj fn;k gks-

crkvks muesa dHkh ;s tT+ck iSnk gqvk fd et+gc rjD+d+h esa #dkoV gS-

vly esa ;g fQ+ruk x+Sjksa ds yxkrkj izksiSx.Ms vkSj x+yr rkyhekr dh

rjoht ls fnekx+ksa esa fcBk;k x;k gS-

vxj B.Ms fny ls bLykeh rkjh[+k vkSj vgdkes nhu dk eqrkYvk

fd;k tk, rks ekywe gksrk gS fd bLyke rjfD+d+;ksa dk eqgfjZd gS oks gesa

dHkh rks lS# fQ+y vft+Z dgdj rtckZrks&eq'kkfgnkr dh nqfu;k dh tkfuc

ys tkrk gS vkSj dHkh rL[+khj lekokr oyvt+Z dh uohn nsdj rjD+d+h

djus dk 'kkSd+ fnykrk gS-

vQ+lksl fd ge viuk lc dqN [kks pqds] ojuk vkt ftl d+nj

rjfD+d+;k¡ ut+j vk jgh gSa vxj budh rkjh[+kh gSfl;r ekywe dh tk, rks

irk pyrk gS fd bu lcds eqvfTtnks eqgfjZd eqlyeku gh Fks vkSj vkt

Hkh vxj d+qOors vfEy;k iSnk gks tk, rks ;g lc rjfD+d+;k¡ Ån dj

ldrh gSa-

rvn~nqn vT+nokt& bl muoku ij ckt+ vQ+jkn eq[+kkfyQ+hus bLykeds izksiSxs.Ms ls eqrkfLlj gksdj bl fd+Le ds lrgh o det+ksj ,rjkt+kr

Q+jekrs gSa ftudk ;gk¡ ud+y djuk Hkh equkflc ugha ekywe gksrk- pwafd

vkSjr dh ft+Unxh&vks&eqvk'kjr dk ckc py jgk gS blfy;s pUn t+:jh

mewj is'k fd;s tk,axs-

igyh ckr rks ;s le> ysuh pkfg;s fd bLyke us eqrvfín (dbZ)


132

'kkfn;ksa dks ykft+e ugha Q+jek;k cfYd gkykrks&T+kq:fj;kr ds eqrkfcd+

#[+klr ns nh- ftl 'k[+l esa oks reke 'kjkbr ekStwn gksa mls bf[+r;kj gS

fd bl nQ+k ij vEy djs-

ßil fudkg djks mu vkSjrksa ls tks ilUn vk,¡ nks&nks] rhu&rhu]

pkj& pkj- gk¡ vxj ;g vUns'kk gks fd vn~y u dj ldksxs rks

,d gh ij bfDrQ+k djksÞ- (lwjg fulk% 3)

vaYyk rv+fnyw dh d+Sn bl elys dks c[+kwch okt+sg dj nsrh gS fd tks

'k[+l vius vUnj chfo;ksa esa vn~yks&elkokr djus dh rkd+rks&lykfg;r

j[krk gS vkSj e[+klwl gkykrks&t+:fj;kr iSnk gks tk,¡ ml oD+r bLyke ds

bl gqDe ls Q+k;nk gkfly dj ldrk gS- ;s ugha fd ,d vkSjr ls vPNk

lqywd djs vkSj nwljh vkSjrksa ls dukjkd'k gks tk,- elkokrks&vn~y ds

ekv~uk ;g gSa fd fdlh ds gd+ esa deh u dh tk,-

bLyke pwafd nhus fQ+rjr gS mlus vius d+kuwu esa ,sls mewj j[ks

ftudh gd+hd+r vkxs pydj nqfu;k rLyhe dj ysxh- rvn~nqn vT+nokt

(dbZ chfo;ksa) esa vT+n;kn uLyks&d+kSe (c<+kuk) Hkh ed+lwn gS- vkt nqfu;k

dh og dkSulh feYyr gS tks viuh tekv~r dh T+;knrh u pkgrh gks-

gt+jrs [+kRes fjlkyr :gh ygqy fQ+nk Hkh fudkg ds ckc esa Q+jekrs gSa&

ßfudkg dj ds uLy c<+kvks rkfd eSa d+;ker esa vkSj mEerksa ij rqEgkjh

dljr ls Q+Ò+ d:¡Þ-

xqft+'rk taxs&;wjksi us bl d+nhe ,rjkt+ dk fd+yk dq+ek dj fn;k-

tc enZ eSnku esa dke vk x, vkSj vkSjrsa T+;knk ckd+h jg xbZa rks ;wjksi

us vius vEy ls lkfcr fd;k fd nhus fQ+rjr dk gqDe lgh gS- mlds

ckn t+cku ,rjkt+ ij bljkj djs rks ctqt+ blds vkSj D;k dgk tk

ldrk gS%& ßeqfUdjs e;s cwnu o gejax eLrk¡ t+hLruÞ

rvn~nqns vT+nokt (dbZ chfo;ksa) ds vkSj Hkh eq[+rfyQ+ igyw gSa- vkSjr

ds ikl gkyrs gEy vkSj nw/k fiykus ds t+ekus esa 'kkSgj dk viuh

[+okfg'kkr ds bjkns ls tkuk l[+r uqd+lkunsg gS- ,slh lwjr esa rvn~nqns

vT+nokt gh ls enZ viuh tkbt+ [+okfg'kkr iwjh dj ldrk gS- vxj pkj

vkSjrsa fdlh ds fudkg esa gksa rks og lky Hkj rd eqreÙkv~ gks ldrk gS-


133

gt+jr [+kRes fjlkyr :gh ygqyfQ+nk ds rvn~nqns vT+nokt ij

eq[+kkfyQ+hus bLyke us ,rjkt+kr djrs oD+r gd+kbd+ks elkysg ls viuh

vk¡[kksa dks d+rvu cUn dj fy;k] vxj oks B.Ms fny ls x+kSjks&fQ+Ø djrs

rks mUgsa ;g et+ewe cgl mBkus dh eqryd+ t+:jr u gksrh-

bl elys ij bl rjg Hkh x+kSj dhft;s fd vk¡gt+jr lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye ftl oD+r [+kqnk ds vk[+kjh i;ke dks nqfu;k ds lkeus is'k

Q+jek jgs gSa ;s oks oD+r gS tcfd vgys vjc gj fd+Le dh eq[+kkYQ+r ij

dejcLrk gSa] ,d eqruf¶+Q+l ds d+qcwys bLyke ls muds d+qywc cspSu gks

tkrs gSa- bl ukT+kqd ekgkSy esa 'knhn t+:jr Fkh fd vjc ds d+ckby esa

rcyhx+ dh tk,- pqukaps vgys clhjr tkurs gSa vt+okts eqrgjkr us (tks

eq[+rfyQ+ [+kkunkuksa dh Fkha) bl vge Q+jht+s esa dgk¡ rd enn igq¡pkbZ-

fQj ;s fd vgys vjc esa d+nhe t+ekus ls eqrvfín 'kkfn;ksa dk nLrwj

pyk vk jgk Fkk vkSj oks bu vkSjrksa ij l[+r ls l[+r et+kfye <k jgs

Fks- vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us bl lc pht+ksa dk njokt+k cUn dj

fn;k- elkokr d+kbe Q+jekbZ] muds gqd+wd+ dks vius vEy ls t+kfgj Q+jek

fn;k- vxj vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye eq[+rfyQ+ [+kkunkuksa esa 'kkfn;k¡

u Q+jekrs rks bLyke dk vge ed+ln ;kuh vkSjrksa dh rkyhe] oks ukfd+l

jg tkrk- vkSjrksa dks gd+hd+h rkyhe nsus okyk dksbZ u Fkk- vki lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us eqvfYye cudj muesa ,slh :g iSnk dj nh fd oks lkjs

tgku dh eqvfYyek cu xbZa- nhuks&nqfu;k dk ,d&,d elyk mudh

fjok;r dk eksgrkt gks x;k- gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

crk;k fd eqlyeku vkSjrsa tc csgrj ek,¡] csgrj chfo;k¡] csgrj

yM+fd;k¡ cuuk pkgsa rks muds fy;s vt+okts eqrgjkr dh ft+Unfx;k¡ uewus

dk dke nsaxh-

,rjkt+ dk lcls T+;knk vge igyw [+okfg'kkrs uQ+lkuh t+kfgj fd;k

tkrk gS- bls eq[+rlju ;w¡ le> yhft;s fd bUlku dh fQ+rjh meaxks dk

t+ekuk 25 lky rd gksrk gS] bl fgLlk&,&mez esa tT+ckr mHkjrs gSa]

ysfdu ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh 24 lkyk ft+Unxh

fj;kt+r] bcknr] eqtkfgnkrs u¶+l] [+kf'k;rs bykgh] T+kqgnks&rd+ok esa lQ+Z


134

gksrh gS- vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye lcls igyh 'kknh 25 lky ds

t+ekus esa gt+jr chch [+knhtk jft+;Yykgq vUgk ls (tks vki ls mez esa

cgqr T+;knk cM+h Fkha) Q+jekrs gSa- muds folky ds ckn gt+jr lkSnk

jft+;Yykgq vUgk dks ftuds eqlyeku 'kkSgj dk bfUrd+ky gks x;k Fkk vkSj

oks vius [+kkunku ds gkFkksa egt+ eqlyeku gksus dh otg ls eqfCryk,

elkbc Fkha] mUgsa bu rdkyhQ+ ls cpkus ds fy;s vius gjes&ucOoqr esa

nkf[+ky fd;k- bl fd+Le dh elkysg Fkha ftuds ckbl vki lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us eqrvfín 'kkfn;k¡ Q+jekbZa-

tks yksx egt+ [+okfg'kkrs uQ+lkuh ds ckbl eq[+rfyQ+ vkSjrksa ds lkFk

rkYyqd+kr okcLrk j[krs gSa mudh ft+Unxh vEy] v[+kykd+] T+kqgnks&bÙkd+k]

[+kf'k;rs bykgh] f[+kners [+kYd+ ls dkslksa nwj gks tkrh gSa- D;k dksbZ cM+s ls

cM+k eq[+kkfyQ+ bLyke bldk lqcwr is'k dj ldrk gS fd vkids T+kqgnks&bÙkd+k]

bcknkrks&fj;kt+r ox+Sjk v'kx+ky esa vt+okts eqrgjkr dh otg ls vnuk

(ekewyh) lk Q+d+Z vk ldk\

tks gky rt#Zn dh ft+Unxh esa Fkk mlls T+;knk jkS'ku igyw vkf[+kj

esa jgk- lp gS%& oyy vkf[+k&jrq [+kS#Yydk feuy Åyk- (lwjg vT+T+kqgk%4)

rykd+ o [+kqyv~& ge Åij vgknhls 'kjhQ+k ds flyflys esa c;ku dj

vk, gSa fd bLyke us enksZ&vkSjr ds rkYyqd+kr dks csgrj ls csgrj cukus

dh rkyhe nh- blh rjg vkSjr dh fnytksbZ dks enZ ds fy;s t+:jh d+jkj

fn;k- bUlku esa tgk¡ eqgCcrks&'kQ+d+r ds tT+ckr ekStwn gSa ogha bf[+rykQ+ks&

cst+kjh dh dSfQ+;kr Hkh ikbZ tkrh gSa- bLyke us bu nksuksa igyqvksa ds fy;s

viuh eqdEey rkyhe is'k Q+jek nh-

tgk¡ rd u¶+ls&rykd+ dk rkYyqd+ gS blds ckjs esa Q+jek;k x;k%&

(rtZqek) ßeqckg pht+ksa esa lc ls T+;knk ukilUnhnk pht+ [+kqnk ds

uT+nhd rykd+ gSÞ- ('kjg lgh eqfLye] ft-5] lq- 25)

bLyke us flQ+Z mu ukxokj gkykr esa tcfd enksZ&vkSjr ds njE;ku

dksbZ fuckg dh lwjr u gks vkSj elkfygr ox+Sjk ls Hkh dke u py ldrk

gks] enZ dks gd+ fn;k fd oks vkSjr dks rykd+ ns] ysfdu bl gkyr esa Hkh

vn~yks&bUlkQ+ dh rYd+hu Q+jekbZ xbZ vkSj rykd+ ds fy;s [+kkl d+okuhu


135

cuk fn;s- ;wjksi dh rjg ugha fd tgk¡ bu ckrksa ij fd enZ nk<+h eqaMkrk

gS ;k ugha] 'kkSgj v[+kckj i<+rk gS ;k ugha] vkSjr ds lj ij iwjs cky

gSa ;k ugha] vkSjr fFk;sVj o flusek esa tkrh gS ;k ugha] Mkal djus esa mls

e'd+ gkfly gS ;k ugha] rykd+sa nh tkrh gSa-

ftl rjg enZ dks gd+ fn;k x;k gS blh rjg vkSjr dks [+kqyv~

(vySgnk gksus) dh btkt+r nh xbZ- vxj [+kkfoUn mlds gqd+wd+ vnk u

djrk gks] ml ij et+kfye fd;s tk jgs gksa] [+kkfoUn ejht+] nhokuk&vks&etuwu

gks (vkSj oks 'kjkbr tks vgdkes bLyke esa ntZ gSa) ik, tkrs gksa] ml lwjr

esa vkSjr d+kt+h ds lkeus xokg is'k djs vkSj enZ ls rykd+ ys ys- vkSjr

dqN eky viuh rjQ+ ls 'kkSgj dks nsdj ;k esgj ekQ+ dj dj rykd+ ys]

bldk uke [+kqyv~ gS-

egdek d+T+kk ('kjbZ vnkyr) ;k fuT+kkes 'kjbZ dh T+k:jr&bLykeh gqdwer ds Q+qd+nku vkSj eqlyekuksa dh csfglh o tewn us

egdek d+t+k ;k fut+kes 'kjbZ tSls vge t+:jh 'kkscs dks vius gkFk ls

fudky fn;k- mlh ds ;s urkbt gSa fd vkt elkby [+kqyv~ o rykd+

ox+Sjk esa u,&u, d+kuwu dh r'kdhyks&rkST+khv~ dh t+:fj;kr ykgd+ gks jgh

gSa] gkykafd bLykeh d+kuwu esa bu reke eqf'dykr dk bykt ekStwn gS-

vkt egdek d+t+k u gksus ls eqlyeku rjg&rjg ds elkbc esa

eqfCryk gSa- ckt+ tkfcj enksZa dh otg ls vkSjrksa ij vlkZ&,&g;kr rax

gks jgk gS- lwck&,&iatkc esa blh ,d fp;j ls eq[+kkfyQ+hus bLyke us

fQ+ruk&vks&bfrZnkn dh rgjhd dks dke;kc cukus dh jkgsa fudky yh gSa-

fcyk'kqck bu reke gkykr esa eqlyekuksa dk Q+t+Z gS fd vius vUnj

tks'ks vEy vkSj oyoyk&,&et+gch iSnk dj ds egdek&,&d+t+k ;k

fut+kes 'kjbZ dh rjoht ij viuh reke d+qOor lQ+Z ([+kpZ) dj nsa vkSj

bl eqrkYcs dks rlyhe djkdj pSu ls cSBsa rkfd bu reke elkby ds

rlfQ+;s o Q+Slys ds fy;s eqfLye d+kft+;ksa dk rd+#Zj vEy esa vk,-

bLykeh 'kjhv~r dh : ls bu reke elkby dk QS+lyk gks vkSj vkSjrksa

dk tkbt+ gd+ [+kqyv~ gkfly gks lds-

bl flyflys esa flQ+Z oks d+kuwu ilUn vkSj ed+cwy gks ldsxk tks


136

bLykeh vgdke ds eqokfQ+d+ gks- vkt vxj egdek d+t+k dk d+;ke

gqdwer rLyhe dj ysrh rks fQj fdlh u, d+kuwu dh gktr gh u Fkh]

D;ksafd bLyke esa reke vgdke ekStwn gSa- ge eqlyeku bLykeh d+kuwu

ij veyiSjk ugha gSa] blfy;s gqdwer dk lgkjk fy;k tk jgk gS- ,d

lcc ;s Hkh gS fd fgUnqLrku esa d+kuwu 'kjv~ eqgEenh dks ftl oD+r fjokt

fn;k x;k ml oD+r cgqr ls bLykeh vgdke bl d+kuwu esa ugha fy;s x,]

ojuk tnhn d+kuwu dh eqryd+ t+:jr u Fkh-

'kknh csoxku& cnfd+Lerh ls eqlyekuksa esa Hkh eq'kfjdkuk rgt+hc dhcnkSyr ;s d+chg [+k;ky iSnk gks x;k fd csok vkSjrksa dh 'kkfn;k¡ ugha

djrs- lSdM+ksa ,slh vkSjrsa gSa ftudh ft+fUnx;k¡ bl eksgyd jLe dh otg

ls cjckn gks jgh gSa gkykafd dq+jku djhe us lkQ+ rkSj ij Q+jek fn;k%&

ß(viuh d+kSe dh) csok vkSjrksa dk fudkg dj fn;k djksÞ-

(lwjg uwj%32)

[+kqn ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us csok vkSjrksa ds lkFk

fudkg Q+jek;k vkSj bldh l[+r rkdhn Q+jekbZ fd csok vkSjrksa dk

fudkg fd;k tk,- vQ+lksl! tgkyr vkSj yket+gfc;r eqlyekuksa dks

vgdkes [+kqnkoUnh vkSj Q+jkehus ucfo;k dh rkehy ls nwj fd;s gq, gS- gj

d+kSeks& tekv~r dk Q+tZ+ gS fd csoxku dh 'kknh dks fjokt ns-

vT+kkv~rs uLy& rgt+hcs tnhn dh ;s Hkh cjdkr gSa fd csg;kbZ dk ukeg;k vkSj csxS+jrh dk uke rgt+hc eqd+j fd;k x;k] xks;k tquw¡ dk uke

f[+kjn j[k fn;k] f[+kjn dk tquw¡- ;wjksi ds ,s'kijLr yksx vk, fnu ubZ&ubZ

b[+rjkvkr esa e'kX+kwy gSa- tgk¡ mudk fnekx+ rgd+hd+krs tnhnk esa dke;kc

gksrk gS ogha Q+okfg'k ds bfrZdkc dh ftír rjkft+;k¡ Hkh vEy esa vk jgh

gSa- dqN vlsZ ls bl tekv~r us vt+kv~rs&uLy dk izksiSx.Mk 'kq: dj j[kk

gS- gekjs eqYd ds ckt+ uknku tks viuh bLykeh rgt+hc dks dq+ckZu dj

pqds gSa blds fjokt ij viuk reke t+ksjs&d+ye lQ+Z djrs ut+j vk jgs

gSa- vly esa ;g reke rgjhdkr Q+okfg'kks&ft+uk ij inkZ Mkyus dh x+jt+

ls QSykbZ tk jgh gS vkSj ;s ed:g tT+ckr ml ex+fjch rkyhe dk urhtk

gS tks gekjh cfPp;ksa vkSj yM+dksa dks nh tk jgh gS-


137

tnhn fQ+Ø j[kus okys eqlyly Bksdjksa vkSj rY[+k rtcksZa ds ckn vc

bl urhts ij igq¡p jgs gSa fd ekStwnk rjhd+k&,&rkyhe us gesa viuh

efUt+ys&vlyh ls nwj dj fn;k- pqukaps vkybf.M;k ,twds'uy dkUÝ+sal

eqUvfd+nk jkeiqj LVsV esa vyecjnkjkus rkyhe us nSjhuk x+Yrh dks rLyhe

djrs gq, bLykgs fulkc dh rtkoht+ eUT+kwj Q+jekbZa- dk'k eqLrd+fcys&d+jhc

esa ;g gt+jkr dksbZ ,slk fulkcs rkyhe is'k djus esa dke;kc gksa ftlesa

v[+kykd+h o eqvk'kjrh elkby ds fy;s bLykeh uqD+rk&,&ut+j okt+sg rkSj

ij vk tk,-

fT+kuk&ßft+uk ds ikl Hkh u QVduk] D;ksafd oks csg;kbZ vkSj cqjk

pyu gSÞ- (lwjg cuh blzkbZy% 32)

vgknhl (rtZqek)&(1) ßgt+jr t+Sn fcu [+kkfyn jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa eSaus gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks ml 'k[+l ds ckjs esa Q+jekrs gq,

lquk ftlus ft+uk fd;k vkSj oks 'kknh'kqnk u Fkk mlds lkS dksM+s

yxk, tk,¡ vkSj ,d cjl rd ftykoru fd;k tk,Þ-


(2) ßgt+jr bCus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe ftls d+kSes ywr dk vEy djrs

ikvks rks Q+kbyks& eQ+Åy (djus okys] djkus okys) dks d+Ry

dj MkyksÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1456)

(3) ßtc vkSjr&vkSjr ds ikl vkdj fpiVh ckt+h djs rks

nksuksa t+kfu;k ds gqDe esa gSaÞ- (lquu dqcjk] ft-8] lq- 233)

(4) ßgkFk ls euh fudkyus okyk eyÅu gSÞ- (bljk#y&eQ+Zwvk]

lq-360)

bl fd+Le dh cdljr vgknhl feyrh gSa ftuls ft+uk ox+Sjk dh

rckgdkfj;ksa ls jksdk x;k gS- fdrkc dh t+[+kker us etcwj fd;k] ojuk

ft+uk dh otg ls tks cjckfn;k¡ iSnk gksrh gSa mu ij rfCljk fd;k tkrk-

bu reke ed:gkrks&Q+okfg'k ls cpkus ds fy;s bLyke us eqvk'kjrh


138

fut+ke esa rjhd+k&,&fudkg d+kbe Q+jek fn;k vkSj fQ+rjh [+okfg'kkr iwjh

djus ds tkbt+ rjhd+s crk fn;s- vkt ex+fjc esa rgjhds vkt+knh&,&fulok¡

dh cnkSyr ft+ukdkjh o v¸;k'kh ds tks eqt+kfgjs gks jgs gSa muls balkfu;r

Hkh 'kjekrh gS- v[+kckjkr i<+us okys bu rQ+lhykr ls ck[+kcj gSa-

gqd+wd+s vke vgys d+jkcr (fj'rsnkj) vkSj gqLus lqywd&t+krh equkfd+'kkr] tkfgykuk vknkrks&vrokj us gekjs d+qywc ls vgys

d+jkcr ds lkFk lqywd dh fjok;krs et+gfc;k dks Q+uk dj fn;k gS- ,d

[+kkunku esa vxj dksbZ 'k[+l nkSyreUn vkSj nwljk x+jhc gS rks oks viuh

nkSyr ds u'ks esa dksf'k'k djrk gS fd x+jhc vgys d+jkcr dk

vlklk&vks&tk;nkn ftl lwjr ls eqefdu gks d+Ct+s esa vk tk,- bl tT+cs

ds ekrgr cgqr ls ed:g rjhd+s bf[+r;kj fd;s tkrs gSa] vxj nkSyreUn

v'k[+kkl uknkj vgys d+jkcr ds lkFk dksbZ lqywd djuk pkgrs gSa rks

mldh rg esa ;gh x+jt+ jgrh gS fd bldh 'kg jx ij ,slk okj fd;k

tk, fd fdlh oD+r ;s x+jhc vius tkbt+ gqd+wd+ dk rkfyc gh u gks lds-

dqjvku gdhe ;k ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us vgys

d+jkcr ds tks gqd+wd+ eqd+jZj Q+jek, vkSj muds lkFk gqLus lqywd dh tks

csgrj rkyhe nh muls ge eqlyeku nwj gSa] ojuk vgys d+jkcr vkSj

vgys [+kkunku gh bLyke dk ,d vge tqT+k gSa- vxj bl tqt+ dh gkyr

lgh gS vkSj gqLus lqywd ds lkFk ;g eqvk'kjrh fut+ke ckd+h gS rks le>

yhft;s fd etewbZ gSfl;r ls bldk lkjh d+kSe ij D;k vlj gksxk- bl

muoku ij bj'kknkrs ckjh rvkyk gLcst+Sy gSa&

(1) ßusdh ;s ugha gS fd rqe e'kfjd+ks&ex+fjc dh rjQ+ eq¡g dj

yks] cfYd usdh rks mudh gS tks vYykg vkSj vk[+kjr vkSj

Q+fj'rksa vkSj fdrkc vkSj vafc;k ij bZeku yk,¡ vkSj eky

vYykg dh eqgCcr esa fj'rsnkjksa vkSj ;rheksa] eksgrktksa] eqlkfQ+jksa

dks nsaÞ- (lwjg cd+jg% 177)

(2) ßvkSj tc rD+lhe (eky rD+lhe) ds oD+r nwj ds fj'rsnkj vkSj

;rhe cPps vkSj elkdhu ekStwn gksa rks blesa ls mudks Hkh ns fn;k

djks vkSj budks uehZ ls le>k fn;k djksÞ- (lwjg fulk% 11)


139

(3) ß(vkSj ,s iSx+Ecj!) fj'rsnkj vkSj x+jhc dks mldk gd+

igq¡pkrs jgks vkSj cstk er mM+kvks- nkSyr ds cstk mM+kus okys

'kSrku ds HkkbZ gSa vkSj 'kSrku ijofnZxkj dk cM+k gh uk'kqØk gSÞ-

(lwjg cuh blzkbZy% 26&27)

vgknhl&(1) ßgt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l bldks nksLr j[krk gS fd

mldh jkst+h esa [+kqnk oqlv~r (c<+kok) vkSj mez esa cjdr ns rks

mls pkfg;s fd oks vius d+jkcr& nkjksa ds lkFk lqywd djrk

jgsÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 5986)

(2) gt+jr tchj fcu eqrv~e jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tUur esa jge dk d+rv~

djus okyk (;kuh tks 'k[+l vgys d+jkcr dk ikl ugha djrk)

nkf[+ky ugha gksxkÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 5984)

(3) ßflyk jgeh djus ls d+jkcrnkjksa esa eqgCcr vkSj eky esa

dljrks cjdr vkSj mez esa T+;knrh gksrh jgrh gSÞ- (tkesv~

frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1979)

NksVs cM+ksa dh bT+T+kr djsa&(1) ßgt+jr bCus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye ls fjok;r djrs gSa vki lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k ugha gS ge esa ls oks 'k[+l fd u rkt+he djs

cM+s dh vkSj u jge djs NksVs ijÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl

ua0 1919&1921)

(2) ßgt+jr vch mekek jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k cjdr gekjs cM+ksa esa gS ;kuh tks

'k[+l fd gekjs NksVksa ij jge u djs vkSj cM+ksa dh rkt+he u

djs oks ge esa ls ughaÞ- (vyeqvTteqy&dchj] ft-8] lq-227)

(3) ßgt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftl toku us cw<+s dh mlds flu


140

(mez) dh otg ls bT+t+r dh [+kqnk mlds cq<+kis ds oD+r t+:j

,slk 'k[+l eqd+jZj dj nsxk tks mldh bT+t+r djsÞ- (tkesv~

frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2022)

(4) ßftlus vius eqlyeku HkkbZ dh bT+t+r dh mlus xks;k

vYykg dh bT+t+r dhÞ- (vg;k&,&myweqíhu)

iM+kslh ds gqd+wd+&(1) ßgt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k d+le gS bZeku ugha ykrk] d+le gS

vYykg dh] bZeku ugha ykrk- iwNk x;k ;k jlwyqYykg! dkSu\

Q+jek;k oks fd ftldh cqjkb;ksa ls mldk iM+kslh veu esa u

gksÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 6016] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0

172)


vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k oks 'k[+l tUur esa ugha nkf[+ky gksxk

ftlds iM+kslh cqjkbZ;ksa ls veu esa u gksaÞ- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl

ua0 172)

(3) ßgt+jr bcus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l [+kqn isV Hkjdj

[kk, vkSj mldk iM+kslh Hkwdk jgs rks oks dkfey bZeku okyk

ughaÞ- ('kqv~cqy bZeku] ft- 2] lq- 225)

(4) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vez jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnk ds uT+nhd csgrj oks

nksLr gS tks vius nksLrksa ds gd+ esa csgrj lkfcr gks vkSj [+kqnk

ds uT+nhd csgrj oks gelk;k gS tks vius gelk;s ds gd+ esa

csgrj lkfcr gksÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1944)

;rheksa ds lkFk lqywd& vk;krks&vgknhls ucfo;k ls ;rheksa ds lkFklqywd djus dk ntkZ ekywe gks x;k- bl rjQ+ t+ekus ds rY[+k rtcksZa ds

ckn eqlyekuksa dks vglkl iSnk gks jgk gS fd oks vius ;rheksa dk gj

txg fut+ke d+kbe djsa- vDlj eqd+kekr ij ;rhe[+kkus [kqy jgs gSa ftuesa


141

dlhj ljek, dh t+:fj;kr ykgd+ gksrh gSa] vxj gj nkSyreUn vius&vius

ft+Ees pUn ;rheksa dk [+kpZ ys ys rks vkt gekjh d+kSe ds ;rhe FkksM+h

roTtg esa cgqr dqN dkjvken gks ldrs gSa-

ckt+ eqd+kekr ij ns[kk x;k fd bu cPpksa ls Hkhd e¡xokus dk dke

fy;k tkrk gS vkSj NksVh ls NksVh x+e dh jLeksa esa Hkstdj mudh t+gfu;r

dks det+ksj vkSj [+kjkc fd;k tkrk gS- bl rjhd+s dks bLykg dh T+k:jr

gS-

vgknhl&(1) ßgt+jr vch mekek jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftlus ;rhe yM+dh ;k ;rhe yM+ds

ds lkFk lqywd fd;k rks eSa vkSj oks 'k[+l d+;ker esa bl rjg

feys gq, gksaxs tSls esjh ;s nks mafXy;k¡Þ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl

ua0 1918)

(2) ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eqlyekuksa ds ?kj esa csgrj edku

oks gS ftlesa ;rhe ds lkFk vPNk lqywd fd;k tk, vkSj cqjk

?kj oks gS ftlesa ;rhe ds lkFk cnlywdh dh tk,Þ- (lquu bCus

ektg] gnhl ua0 3679)

d+Yc (fny) dh l[+rh dk bykt&ßgt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye dh f[+kner esa fny dh l[+rh dh f'kdk;r dh

xbZ (bldk bykt vkius bl rjg rtoht+ fd;k) ;rhe ds lj

ij gkFk Qsj vkSj feLdhu dks f[kykÞ- (eqLuns&vgen] ft- 14]

lq- 558)

,sc iks'kh dh rkyhe] T+kqYe dh eqekfuv~r&ßgt+jr bcus mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eqlyeku eqlyeku dk HkkbZ gS] ,d

eqlyeku nwljs eqlyeku ij T+kqYe u djs vkSj u mldks

gykdr esa Mkys- tks 'k[+l vius HkkbZ dh gktr iwjh djus esa


142

lbZ (dksf'k'k) djrk gS [+kqnk mldk gktrjok gksrk gS- tks 'k[+l

fdlh eqlyeku ds x+e dks nwj djs vYykg rvkyk mlds

d+;ker ds x+eksa esa deh djsxk- tks 'k[+l fdlh dk cnu <k¡ds

;k ,sciks'kh djs d+;ker esa [+kqnk mlds ,sc <k¡dsxkÞ- (lgh

cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 2442] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 6578)

bLyke vkSj X+kqjcr& fdlh dks X+kqjcr dh otg ls t+yhy le>ukrkyhekrks&bj'kknkrs ucfo;k ds eq[+kkfyQ+ gS-

ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k bLyke X+kqjcr ls 'kq: gqvk vkSj

tSlk 'kq: gqvk oSlk gh gks tk,xk- il eqckjdckn gS X+kqjck ds

fy;sÞ- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 372)

nwljs ds fy;s ogh ilUn djks tks vius fy;s rtohT+k djks&ßgt+jr vul jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnk dh d+le! ugha bZeku ykrk dksbZ tc

rd vius HkkbZ ds fy;s ogh pht+ nksLr u j[ks tks vius fy;s

nksLr j[krk gSÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 13] lgh eqfLye]

gnhl ua0 171)

bl gnhl 'kjhQ+ dk ed+ln ;s gS fd ftl rjg ,d 'k[+l vius vki

dks eqlhcr ls cpkrk vkSj tks csgrjh vius fy;s pkgrk gS ogh nwljs ds

fy;s pkgs- ;s oks pht+ gS tks bl t+ekus esa ukeqefdu le>h tkrh gS]

gkykafd gqT+kqjs vuoj dh reke g;krs 'kjhQ+k vEys&lkysg dk csgrjhu

uewuk Fkh vkSj vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us viuh lhjrs ikd dks

t+kfgj Q+jekdj nqfu;k ds fy;s fut+kes vEy is'k Q+jek;k- tc rd

eqlyeku vius vkeky esa oks jax tks [+kqnk ds jlwy lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k iSnk u djsaxs dke;kc ugha gks ldrs-

X+khcr dh eqekfuv~r& ihB ihNs cqjk dguk nkf[+kys ft+Unxh dj fy;kx;k gS ftlds cx+Sj dke gh ugha pyrk- d+qjvku djhe o vgknhls

ucfo;k esa l[+rh ls bldh eqekfuv~r Q+jekbZ xbZ gS- fljsnLr lwjg

gqtjkr dh vk;r (rtZqek) dk vk[+kjh fgLlk eqykfgt+k gks%&


143

ßHkyk rqedks ;s ilUn gksxk fd vius eqnkZ HkkbZ dk xks'r

[kkvksÞ- (lwjg gqtjkr% 12)

X+khcr djus ls tks 'k[+l jksds mldk vtz&vks&lokcµßgt+jr vlek fcUrs ;t+hn jft+;Yykgq vUgk jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l x+k;ckuk

eqlyeku HkkbZ dk xks'r [kkus ls nQ+k djs [+kqnk ij mldk ;s

gd+ gS vOoy (ngyk) esa mldks vkx ls vkt+kn dj nsÞ-

('kqv~cqy bZeku] ft-6] lq-112)

ctk, X+khcr ds bLykg dh dksf'k'k djks&ßgt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe esa dk gj 'k[+l vius HkkbZ dk

vkbZuk gS] vxj mlesa dksbZ cqjkbZ ns[ks rks t+:jh gS fd mldks

nwj djsÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1929)

og+nrs bLykeh& bLyke ds t+gwj ls vkyk&vks&vnuk ds bfEr;kt+kr us'khjkt+k&,&vkye eqUrf'kj dj j[kk Fkk vkSj vd+okes t+ekuk esa ,d ,slh

[+kyht gkby Fkh ftldk nwj gksuk ukeqefdu le>k tkrk Fkk- bLyke us

vius fQ+rjh rkyhekr ls bu fQ+ruksa dks nwj fd;k vkSj ,syku dj fn;k

fd vkSykns vkne cgSfl;r bUlku elkoh (cjkcj) gSa-

bT+t+rks&rjD+d+h dk nkjksenkj vEys&lkysg ij gS] fcyk bfEr;kt+s d+kSe

tks 'k[+l Hkh rd+ok dh nkSyr ls ekykeky gks] oks lkfgcs bT+t+r gS-

bLykeh fcjknjh vkSj eqÙkgnk d+kSfe;r ds fut+ke esa 'kkgks&xnk ,d gSa- ,d

eqlyeku fdlh eqYd dk ckf'kUnk gks] nqfu;k, bLykeh dk #dqu gS-

vlonks&vgej ds lkFk mlds gqd+wd+ d+kbe gSa- fj'rk&,&v[+kqorks elkokr

dh bl rkyhe us nqfu;k esa ,d bfUd+ykcs vt+he cjik dj fn;k]

iLrks&t+yhy bLyke dh vkx+ks'k esa vkdj ck bT+t+r gks x,] tks egdweks

X+kqyke Fks muds ljksa ij gqdwerks&lYrur ds rkt j[k fn;s x,-

eqlyeku og+nrs bLykeh ds ed+ln 'kjhQ+ dks ysdj tgk¡ x,] nqfu;k

dh gj feYyr us xeZtks'kh ls mudk bLrd+cky fd;k- eqlyekuksa dh bl

vEyh ft+Unxh vkSj mlwys elkokr us FkksM+s vlsZ gh esa d+Ycs ekfg;r dj


144

fn;k- tc rd eqlyeku vius bl t+cjnLr rjhd+s ds veyu ikcUn jgs

dke;kch&vks&dkejkuh muds lkFk gh- ftl fnu ls mUgksaus uLch o uLyh

,t+kt+ ij Q+Ò+ djuk 'kq: fd;k udcrks&vnckj (ugwlrksa] ifLr;ksa) us

mUgsa ?ksj fy;k- vkt vxj fQj mlh jax ij ykSV vk,¡ rks xqft+'rk

rjfD+d+;k¡ okil vk ldrh gSa-

ß,s yksxks! geus rqedks enksZ&vkSjr ds tksM+s ls iSnk fd;k vkSj rqEgkjs dqUcs

d+chys cuk, rkfd rqe ,d nwljs dks igpku ldks- [+kqnk ds uT+nhd rqe

esa ls ogh eqvfT+t+t+ gS tks T+;knk ijgst+xkj gksÞ- (lwjg gqtjkr% 13)

vgknhl&(1) ßgt+jr ukseku fcu c'khj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k reke eqlyeku ,d gh

'k[+l ds gqDe esa gSa- vxj vk¡[k nq[krh gS rks lkjk cnu nq[krk

gS] vxj lj esa nnZ gks rks lkjs ftLe dks rdyhQ+ gksrh gSÞ-


(2) ßgt+jr vch ewlk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ,d eqlyeku nwljs eqlyeku ds

fy;s cefUt+yk ,d edku ds gS- et+cwr jgrs gSa ckt+ vtt+k,&edku

ckt+ ij- vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us ,d gkFk dh

mafXy;k¡ nwljs gkFk esa nkf[+ky Q+jekbZa vkSj bl rjg ognrs

bLykeh dks le>k;kÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 6026] lgh


(3) ßgt+jr md+ck fcu vkfej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ;s rqEgkjs uLc blfy;s

ugha gSa fd budh otg ls nwljksa dks cqjk dgk tk,] rqe lc

vkne dh vkSykn gks cjkcj ,d lkv~ ds ugha Hkjrs rqe ml

lkv~ dks fdlh ds okLrs] ugha gS cqT+kqxhZ nhu vkSj rd+os ds

lkFkÞ- (eqLuns vgen] ft- 28] lq- 651&51)

(4) ßfdlh vjch dks vteh ij Q+kSfd+;r ugha vkSj u xksjs dks

dkys ij- rqe lc vkSykns vkne gks vkSj vkne feêh ls iSnk


145

gq,Þ- (vDnqyQ+jhn)

(5) ßgt+jr tchj fcu eqrve jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l yksxksa dks

vfLc;r dh rjQ+ cqyk, vkSj tks c&lcc vfLc;r ds d+Ry

djs ;k vfLc;r ij ejs oks ge esa ls ugha (;s vYQ+kt+ rhu ckj

gj tqeys ds ckn Q+jek,)Þ- (lquu vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua- 5121)

eQ+k[+kjr dh eqekfuv~r& bl t+ekus esa vDlj yksx egt+ vkck&vks&vtnkn ds eukfd+cks Q+t+kby i<+dj gh rchvrksa dks [+kq'k djrs gSa- blesa

'kd ugha fd gekjs bLykQ+ ds dkjukeksa us nqfu;k ls f[+kjkts rglhu gkfly

fd;k] ysfdu mudh g;kr dk eqrkYvk dj ds gesa viuh gkyr nq#Lr

djuh pkfg;s] ojuk viuh cs vEy ft+Unxh ls ge vius cqT+kqxksZa dh :g

dks gjfxt+ [+kq'k ugha dj ldrs- flQ+Z [+kkunku dh otg ls nwljksa dks

t+yhy le>uk] Å¡p&uhp dh ykur esa eqCryk gksuk tgkyr gS- bLyke

bl pht+ dks feVkus vk;k Fkk-

vgknhl&ßgt+jr v;kt+ etk'kbZ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnk us esjh rjQ+ og+h dh fd Q+jksruh djks ;gk¡ rd

fd u Q+Ò+ djs dksbZ fdlh ij vkSj u T+kqYe djs fdlh ijÞ- (lgh


[+kqnk vkeky ns[krk gS&ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnk rqEgkjh lwjrksa vkSj eky dks

ugha ns[krk] cfYd oks rqEgkjs d+qywc vkSj vkeky dks ns[krk gSÞ-


'kQ+d+r o esgjckuh&(1) ßgt+jr tjhj fcu vCnqYykg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa

gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l yksxksa ij

esgjckuh ugha djrk [+kqnk ml ij esgjckuh ugha djrkÞ- (lgh

cq[+kkjh gnhl ua0 7376] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 6030)


146

(2) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vez jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k esgjckuh djus okyksa ij

[+kqnk,&jgeku esgjckuh djrk gS- rqe t+ehu okyksa ij esgjckuh

djks] vkleku okyk rqe ij esgjckuh djsxkÞ- (lquu vcw

nkÅn] gnhl ua0 4941)

bfÙkgkn&vks&bfÙkQ+kd+ cSuqy eqfLyehu&ßgt+jr vch nqnkZ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k D;k eSa rqEgsa ml vEy dh [+kcj u

nw¡ tks jkst+k vkSj lnd+k&vks&uekt+ ds ntsZ ls vQ+t+y gks\

lgkck us vt+Z fd;k gk¡ Q+jekb;s] bj'kkn gqvk& nks 'k[+lksa ds

njE;ku lqyg djk nsuk vkSj Q+lkn Mkyuk njE;ku nks 'k[+lksa ds

oks gS ewaMus okyk (;kuh nhu esa [+kyy Mkyus okyk)Þ- (lquu

vcw nkÅn] gnhl ua0 4919] tkes frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2509)

dUT+kqy veky esa gqT+kwj l-v-o- dk gLcst+Sy bj'kkn ekStwn gS&ß,s vck v¸;wc! D;k eSa rqEgsa ,sls lnd+s dh rjQ+ jgcjh u d:¡

tks vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy dks jkt+h dj ns (oks ;s gS fd) tc

yksxksa esa Q+lkn Q+Sy tk, rks rqe mudh bLykg dj nks vkSj tc

oks nwj gks tk,¡ rks mudks d+jhc dj nksÞ-

(dUT+kqy veky] ft-3] lq-59)

vy gqfCc fQ+Yykg& fdlh ls eqgCcr dh tk, rks mldh x+jT+k ;ghjgs fd [+kqnk jkt+h gks- vktdy dh fl;klh eqgCcr ugha tks vius bx+jkt+

(ed+ln) ds fy;s dh tk, vkSj t+:fj;kr iwjh gksus ds ckn lkjh mez dk

rkYyqd+ [+kRe dj fn;k tk,-

(1) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l (vius eqlyeku)

HkkbZ ls vYykg dh [+kkfrj eqgCcr djs vkSj mlls dgs fd eSa

rq> ls [+kqnk ds fy;s eqgCcr djrk gw¡ rks ;s nksuksa 'k[+l tUur

esa nkf[+ky gksaxs] blfy;s fd [+kqnk ds okLrs eqgCcr dh Fkh-

eqgCcr ds lcc vius nksLr ls ntsZ esa cqyUn gksxkÞ-(vnc


147

eqQ+fjZn] lq- 192)

gt+jr vcwt+j ls tks gnhl ejoh gS mldk ,d fgLlk ;s gS&

(2) ßvkeky esa lc ls T+;knk egcwc vey [+kqnk ds uT+nhd gqCcs fQ+Yykg

o cqX+T+k fQ+Yykg gSÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 5021)

gqT+kwj ekSyk, dk;ukr dk ov~T+k rkYyqd+kr esa ,rnky j[kks&ßgt+jr ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq us bCus dok ls Q+jek;k

tkurs gks gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us D;k Q+jek;k\

nksLr ls ,rnky (E;kuk&joh) ds lkFk nksLrh j[kks 'kk;n oks

fdlh fnu rqEgkjk nq'eu gks tk, vkSj vius nq'eu ls ckt+ esa

uehZ djks 'kk;n fdlh fnu oks rqEgkjk nksLr gks tk,Þ-

(vnc eqQ+fjZn] lq- 447)

equkQ+d+r dh nksLrh o eqykd+kr& ;s t+ekuk ftl fd+Le dh fl;klrdk gS ml ij ud+nks rfCljs dh gktr ugha gS- dkSu ugha tkurk fd ge

viuh bx+jkt+ ds fy;s jLeh nksLrh o eqykd+kr esa dSlh&dSlh fl;klr

cjrrs gSa] eqrt+knks&eq[+rfyQ+ vukflj dks [+kq'k j[kus okys vgckc viuh

ft+Unxh ds fy;s bl mlwy dks t+jhZa mlwy d+jkj nsrs gSa fd ,d ls ,d jax

dh ckrsa vkSj nwljs ls nwljh rkfd gj Q+jhd+ ij gekjk vlj&vks&jlw[+k

d+kbe jgs] gkykafd bl fd+Le dh nksLrh dk jkt+ de vlsZ esa Q+k'k gks tkrk

gS- bl flyflys esa gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dk bj'kkn

eqykfgt+k gks&

ßgt+jr vcw nqnkZ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds fnu cnrjhu bUlku oks

gksxk tks nks :;k (nks #[+kk) gS- ,d tekv~r ds ikl ,d rjhd+s

ls vkrk gS vkSj nwljh tekv~r ds ikl nwljs rjhd+s lsÞ- (lgh


^ft+yotghu* ls eqjkn oks equkfQ+d+ gS tks viuh equkfQ+d+r ls lc esa

'kjhd gksuk pkgs-

bl ,d gnhl us gekjh eqvk'kjrks rkYyqd+krks eqgCcr ds fdrus xks'kksa

ij jkS'kuh Mky nh vkSj mu cs mlwyksa dh g;kr ij fdruk t+cjnLr


148

rkft+;kuk yxk fn;k ftudk etfylh o tekv~rh fut+ke esa dksbZ elydks

mlwy ugha gS- [+kqnk gesa ck mlwy ft+Unxh vkSj et+cwr jk; dh rkSQ+hd+

vrk Q+jek,-

csgrj eqlyeku dh vykersa&(1) ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa yksx cSBs gq,

Fks gqT+kwj ikd lYyYykgq vySfg olYye [kM+s gks x, vkSj

Q+jek;k cqjksa (yksxksa) esa ls csgrjhu 'k[+l dks u crkÅ¡\ lgkck

[+kkeks'k gks x,- gT+kjr lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us 3 ckj ;gh

tqeys Q+jek, rc ,d 'k[+l us vt+Z fd;k fd ;k jlwyqYykg!

tks cqjksa esa lcls csgrj gks mls crkb;s] Q+jek;k rqe esa lc ls

csgrj oks 'k[+l gS ftlls yksx HkykbZ dh mEehn j[krs gksa vkSj

ftldh cnh ls egQ+wt+ jgrs gksa- cnrjhu oks gS ftl ls HkykbZ

dh mEehn u dh tk, vkSj mldh cnh ls yksx veu esa u jgrs

gksaÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2263)


vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eksfeu egy gS mYQ+rks&eqgCcr dk]

ml 'k[+l ds fy;s HkykbZ ugha gS tks mYQ+r ugha djrk ;k oks

ftl ij mYQ+r ugha dh tkrhÞ- (eqLun vgen] ft-15] lq-106]

lquus dqcjk] ft-10] lq-237)

fdlh dks nsdj vglku u trkvks&ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vez jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tUur esa fdlh dks dqN

nsdj vglku trkus okyk nkf[+ky u gksxk vkSj u ek¡&cki dh

ukQ+jekuh djus okyk vkSj u ges'kk 'kjkc ihus okykÞ-

(lquu ulkbZ] gnhl ua0 5675)

rkYyqd+kr c<+kus dk eqLrgflu rjhd+k&ßgt+jr vk;'kk jft+;Yykgq vUgk jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k vkil esa ,d nwljs dks gfn;k

(rksgQ+s) nsrs jgks rkfd ckge mYQ+rks& eqgCcr iSnk gks- gfn;k


149

cqX+T+kks&dhuk dks nwj djrk gSÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0

3027)

uehZ&(1) ßgt+jr vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k vYykg esgjcku gS vkSj

esgjckuh dks nksLr j[krk gS vkSj uehZ djus ls oks pht+ nsrk gS

tks l[+rh ij ugha nsrk vkSj ugha fn;k ekflok uehZ dsÞ- (lgh


(2) ßgt+jr tjhj jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l uehZ ls eg:e gS oks usdh

ls eg:e gSÞ- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 6598)

gqLus v[+kykd+&(1) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vez jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe esa ls eq>s ogh 'k[+l

lc ls T+;knk egcwc gS tks csgrjhu gks [+kqYd+ ds ,rckj lsÞ-


;gh gt+jr vCnqYykg fcu vez jft+;Yykgq vUgq nwljh gnhl ;w¡ ud+y

Q+jekrs gSa&

(2) ßrqe esa ogh csgrjhu gSa tks vius v[+kykd+ esa csgrj gksaÞ-

(lgh cq[+kkjh gnhl ua03559] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 6033)

(3) ßgt+jr vch nqnkZ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds fnu eht+ku esa lcls

T+;knk tks Hkkjh 'k; j[kh tk,xh oks [+kqYds+ glu (vPNk

v[+kykd+) gS- cs'kd [+kqnk Q+g'kxks vkSj cnxks (csgwnk) dks nq'eu

j[krk gSÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2002)

xkyh xyksp dh eqekfuv~r&ßeqlyeku dks xkyh nsuk fQ+Ld+ gS vkSj mldk ekj Mkyuk dqÝ+

gS-Þ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 6044] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0

221)


150

gqT+kwjs&vuoj :gh ygqyfQ+nk dk okv~t+ ^,sc ryk'k djus ls cpks*&ßgt+jr bcus mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye feEcj ij r'kjhQ+ ys x, vkSj cqyUn vkokt+ ls

yksxksa dks iqdkjk vkSj Q+jek;k& ,s fxjksg! tks bLyke yk;k viuh

t+cku ls gkykafd ugha igq¡pk gS (deky) bZeku d+qywc dh rjQ+]

bZt+k (rdyhQ+) nks rqe eqlyekuksa dks vkSj u mudks v+kj fnykvks

(;kuh rkv~u u djks) vkSj u muds ,sc ryk'k djks- tks 'k[+l

vius eqlyeku HkkbZ ds ,sc <wa<sxk vYykg mlds ,sc <wa<sxk]

ftlds ,sc [+kqnk <wa<sxk] mldks #lok djsxk vxjps oks 'k[+l

vius ?kj gh esa D;ksa u gksÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua- 2032)

eqlyeku dk eT+kkd+ u mM+kvks&ßgqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k vius eqlyeku

HkkbZ dh rjQ+ ls u 'kd djks vkSj u mldk et+kd+ mM+kvks vkSj

u mlls ,slk oknk djks ftldk f[+kykQ+ djksÞ- (fe'dkrqy

elkchg] gnhl ua0 4892)

tks ckr vkil esa QwV iSnk dj ns mlls cpks&ßgt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls ejoh gS gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us bj'kkn Q+jek;k nks vknfe;ksa ds njE;ku

cqjkbZ Myokus ls cpks] D;ksafd ;s pht+ nhu esa rckgh Myokus

okyh gSÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2508)

gln dh eqekfuv~r& fdlh dh bT+t+r vkSj rjD+d+h dks ns[kdj glndjuk ;k nwljs dks fxjkdj [+kqn mldh txg igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k djuk

eeuwv~ (cqjk) gS- gln djus ls bUlku dh usfd;k¡ Hkh t+k; gks tkrh gSa-


vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k gln ls cpks] blfy;s fd gln

usfd;ksa dks bl rjg [kk ysrk gS tSls ydM+h dks vkxÞ- (lquu

vcw nkÅn] gnhl ua0 4903)

nwljh txg cq[+kkjh esa gS& gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k%&

ßu rks vkil esa gln djks vkSj u cqX+t+ j[kks vkSj u x+hcr


151

djks] rqe vYykg ds cUns vkil esa HkkbZ gksÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh]

gnhl ua0 6066] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 6536)

X+kqLlk ihuk cM+h cgknqjh gS&(1) ßgt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k igyoku oks ugha gS tks yksxksa dks

iNkM+s] cfYd gd+hd+r esa igyoku oks gS tks X+kqLls ds oD+r vius

u¶+l ij d+kcw ik,Þ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 6114] lgh


(2) ßgt+jr cgt+ fcu gdhe jft+;Yykgq vUgq vius nknk ls

fjok;r djrs gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k

X+kqLlk bZeku dks mlh rjg Q+kfln ([+kRe) dj nsrk gS ftl rjg

,yqvk 'kgn dksÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 5118]

'kqv~cqy bZeku% ft-6] lq-311)

gt+jr l¸;nuk mej fcu [+kÙkkc jft+;Yykgq vUgq dk okv~t+X+kqLls dh eqT+kEer esa&

ßgt+jr mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq feEcj ij [kM+s gq, vkSj Q+jek;k

,s yksxks! rokT+kks djks] eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls

lquk gS vki Q+jekrs Fks ftlus yksxksa dh rokt+ks [+kqnk ds okLrs

dh rks vYykg mldk erZck cqyUn djrk gS oks viuh ut+j esa

gd+hj gS vkSj yksxksa dh fuxkgksa esa cqT+kqxZ gS- tks 'k[+l rdCcqj

djrk gS rks [+kqnk mldh bT+t+r dks iLr dj nsrk gS] oks yksxksa dh

vk¡[kksa esa gd+hj vkSj viuh ut+jksa esa cM+k gS] oks dqÙks vkSj lqvj

ls Hkh T+;knk [+okj gSÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 5119)

v;knrs ejhT+k&ßgt+jr vch gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tc dksbZ eqlyeku vius HkkbZ dh

v;knr djrk gS ;k mls ns[kus tkrk gS rks [+kqnk Q+jekrk gS vPNh

gqbZ ft+Unxkuh rsjh vksj [+kq'k gqvk pyuk rsjk vkSj ys yh cfg'r

esa rwus ,d cM+h txgÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 5015)


152

[+kYQ+s oknk&(1) ßgt+jr bcus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k vius eqlyeku HkkbZ dh rjQ+ ls

'kd u djks] u mldk eT+kkd+ mM+kvks vkSj u mlls ,slk oknk

djks ftldk f[+kykQ+ djksÞ- (vy&vncqy eqQ+jZn] lq-142)

(2) ßtc ckr dgks rks lp cksyks] oknk djks rks iwjk djks]

vekur j[kh tk, rks vnk djks] 'keZxkgksa dh fgQ+kt+r djks]

fuxkgsa uhph j[kks vkSj vius gkFk dks rdyhQ+ nsus ls jksdkÞ-

(fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 4870)

bLyke vkSj lknxh& bLyke us vius ekuus okyksa dks ,d ,slheqvk'kjr fl[kkbZ ftls vehjks&x+jhc c vklkuh bf[+r;kj dj ldrk gS-

'kknh o x+eh ft+Unxh ds reke fgLlksa esa lknxh dks ykft+e dj nks ;k [+kqn

gt+jrs [+kRes fjlkyr :gh ygqyfQ+nk dh g;krs r¸;ck lknxh dk uewuk gS-

vki c u¶+ls&uQ+hl reke dke vius nLrs eqckjd ls vatke nsrs]

ftl rjg cpiu esa cdfj;k¡ pjkbZa] blh rjg ucOoqr ds ckn Hkh cdfj;ksa

dk nw/k nwgk djrs-

vgknhl& gt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk jft+;Yykgq vUgk Q+jekrh gSa%&(1) ßgqT+kwjs ikd vius nLrs eqckjd ls twrh nq#Lr Q+jekrs vkSj

viuk diM+k lhrs vkSj vius ?kj esa reke dke mlh rjg djrs

ftl rjg rqe djrs gksÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 5822)

(2) ßtc f[+kners d+kSeh dk oD+r vkrk lc ls igys [+kqn gj

dke dks rS;kj gksrs- X+kt+ok&,&[+kUnd+ esa [kkbZ [kksnus esa vkius

lgkck dk lkFk fn;k ;gk¡ rd fd vkidk lnjs (lhuk) eqckjd

xnZ&vkywn gks x;kÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 4104)

(3) cq[+kkjh o frjfet+h esa gS& ßgt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk flíhd+k

jft+;Yykgq vUgk ls iwNk x;k gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

dk fcLrj 'kjhQ+ fdl pht+ dk Fkk\ vkius Q+jek;k vksgksM+h

dk ftlesa [ktwj dh Nky Hkjh gqbZ FkhÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl

ua0 2468] tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1761)


153

bl flyflys esa vgknhls 'kjhQ+k cdljr feyrh gSa ftuls ;s gd+hd+r

okt+sg gks tkrh gS fd gt+jr lf¸;nq#Zlqy [+kReqy eqflZyhu lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye vkSj vkids vlgkcs fdckj dh g;kr lknxh dk eqjD+d+k

Fkh vkSj bu uqQ+wls dq+nfl;k us vius bl tkSgjs lknxh ds lkFk nqfu;k dks

eql[+[+kj Q+jek;k- fcyk 'kqck bl nkSjs bfCryk esa eqlyekuksa dh dke;kch

dk okfgn t+fj;k ;s gS fd oks vius reke vkeky ft+Unxh vkSj rjhd+k&,&

eqvk'kjr dks lknk cuk,¡- D;k gekjh jkst+ejkZ dh ft+Unxh ij yk[kksa #i;k

csdkj lQ+Z ugha gksrk\ fQj 'kknh o C;kg] x+eh o ekSr dh #lwes eqgfydk

esa ekyh cjckfn;k¡ ugha gksrha\ tc rd bu t+:fj;kr dks de ls de u

fd;k tk,xk eqlyekuksa dh bfD+rlknh o ekyh eqlhcrksa dk bykt ugha gks

ldrk-

lPpkbZ& fln~ds+ fed+ky (lPpkbZ) ds muoku esa bLyke dh rkyhekr ,dt+[+khe fdrkc dh eksgrkt gSa vkSj ;gh oks t+cjnLr mlwy Fkk ftls

bf[+r;kj djus ds ckn eqlyeku nqfu;k esa eqerkt+ gq,- nhuks&nqfu;k dk

gj igyw bl muoku ls okcLrk gS- d+qjvku djhe vkSj vgknhls ucfo;k

esa f'kír ds lkFk bldh rkdhn dh xbZ-

vgknhl& rjx+hcks&rjghc esa cfjok;r eqfLye o cq[+kkjh ejoh gS gqT+kwjsvuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k%&

ßns[kks ges'kk fln~d+ (lPpkbZ) ij tes jgks] D;ksafd fln~d+

fudwdkjh (usdh) dh rjQ+ ys tkrk gS vkSj fudwdkjh tUur dh

rjQ+ jgcjh djrh gS tks 'k[+l lPpkbZ ij d+kbe jgrk gS oks

ckjxkgs bykgh esa flíhd+ fy[kk tkrk gS- [+kcjnkj >wV ls cpks]

D;ksafd dT+c (>wV) cndkjh dh rjQ+ ys tkrk gS vkSj cndkjh

vkx dh rjQ+ jgcjh djrh gS vkSj tks 'k[+l >wVk gksrk gS oks

ckjxkgs fdfcz;kbZ esa dT+t+kc fy[kk tkrk gSÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh]

gnhl ua0 6094] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 6639)

ljdkjs vcn d+jkj dh g;krs 'kjhQ+k fln~ds+ fed+ky dk ft+Unk uewuk

gS- vkv~nk (nq'eu) dh vnkor] dq¶+Q+kj ds tczks&T+kqYe] eq'kfjdhus eDdk

dh vDlfj;r x+jt+ fdlh ekSd+s ij Hkh vkius lPpkbZ ds tkSgj dks tqnk


154

u gksus fn;k- vkidh lPpkbZ dk ;s vkye Fkk fd cpiu gh esa lkfnd+ks

vehu ds yd+c ls ;kn fd;s tkrs Fks- ftlls tks oknk Q+jek;k oks iwjk

fd;k- bu gkykrks&okd+svkr dh jkS'kuh esa gekjk Q+t+Z gksuk pkfg, fd ge

viuh bLykg djsa-

vQ+lksl ds lkFk dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt dy gekjh ft+Unxh esa

dT+c&c;kuh (>wBk c;ku)] x+yr xksbZ (ckr) nkf[+ky gks xbZ gS- tc rd

eqlyeku vgdkes dq+jvkuh vkSj Q+jkehus ucoh ds vkfey jgs mudks u

rks rhjksa dh ckSNkj us lPpkbZ ls gVk;k] u nq'euksa dh rkd+r bl

vt+heq''kku mlwy ls cbZn dj ldh- oks cS;&vks&f'kjkdr] frtkjrks

ekeykr esa lPpkbZ dks bf[+r;kj dj dj nqfu;k esa e'kgwj Fks- vkt ogh

d+kSesa tks dy rd bl tkSgjs lnkd+r dh otg ls eqlyekuksa dh bT+t+r

djrh Fkha] blds u gksus ds ckbl eqruf¶+Q+j gSa-

q q q


155

gqdwer&vks&lYrur ds bLykeh mlwy;k mldk fuT+kkes vey

bLyke ,d ,slk et+gc gS ftlesa :gkuh o et+gch fgnk;r dsvgdke Hkh gSa vkSj ljnkjh o gqdwer Hkh] D;ksafd bUlku ds ekeykrks&elkysg dh ftu cqU;knh pht+ksa dks mlus is'k fd;k mudks mlh oD+r iwjhrjg vEy esa yk;k tk ldrk gS tcfd dq+Oorks&fgder gkfly gksrk fdvn~yks&bUlkQ+ ds lkFk mu d+kuwuksa dks ukfQ+t+ fd;k tk lds- bl muokuds ekrgr pUn mlwyh pht+ksa dks is'ks&ut+j j[kuk pkfg;s-

bLyke esa gqdwer dk igyk ut+fj;k ;g gS fd gqdwer dks 'k[+lhbf[+r;kjkr ls fudkydj d+kSe vkSj tEgwj ds gkFk esa ns fn;k x;k] blrjg tEgwjh gqdwer dh cqU;kn Mkyh xbZ- bl tekv~r ds lnj dks[+kyhQ+k] beke] vehj] lqYrku] ckn'kkg dgrs gSa- vehjks&[+kyhQ+k dsvT+yks&uLc dk bf[+r;kj dqYyh tegwj dks vrk fd;k x;k- tSlk fddq+jvku djhe bl ckc esa lkQ+ rkSj ij Q+jekrk gS%&

(rtZqek) ßmudk ekeyk vkil esa e'ojs ij gSÞ- (lwjg 'kwjk% 38)(rtZqek) ßeqlyekuksa ls e'ojk fd;k dhft;sÞ-(lwjg vkysbejku&159)bLyke us bUlkuh elkokr ds ekrgr gj eqlyeku dks vehjks&lqYrku

ls eqok[+kT+ks o eqrkYcs dk gd+ fn;k- vke yksxksa ds vykok ,d tekv~rvjckcs gqYyks&vD+n (bfUrt+kfe;k) dh d+kbe Q+jekbZ tks nd+kbd+ks&gd+kbd+ij vehd+ (xgjh) ut+j j[krh Fkh ftldh clhjrks&ekywekr olhv~ (cgqrT+;knk) Fkha- ;g tekv~r elkbys gkt+jk] t+:fj;krs d+kSfe;k ij viuhfnekx+h o t+guh d+qOorsa lQ+Z dj ds rtkoht+ eqjfÙkc (jk; is'k) djus dsfy;s eqv¸;u gqbZ fd cx+t+Z eUT+kwjh o e'ojk tegwj ds lkeus is'k djs-bLykeh gqDejkuh dk ;g cqU;knh mlwy ml t+ekus esa eqd+jZj fd;k x;ktcfd reke dq+Oorsa eqr'kfínkuk lYrurksa ds iats esa fxj¶+rkj Fkha- bl


156

mlwys gqDejkuh ds ukfQ+t+ Q+jekus okys [+kqn gqT+kwjs vdje lYyYykgqvySfg olYye Fks- bl fy;s reke fl;klh o bUrt+keh] nhuh o nqfu;ohekeykr esa ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye cx+Sj e'ojs ds dksbZdke u Q+jekrs Fks-

vkids ckn [+kqyQ+k,jkf'knhu dk Hkh ;gh elyd jgk- [+kyhQ+k&,&vOoygt+jr l¸;nuk vcwcØ flíhd+ jft+;Yykgq vUgq viuh cSv~r ds cknfeEcj ij r'kjhQ+ ys tkdj tks igyh rd+jhj Q+jekrs gSa mldk [+kqyklk;g gS%&

ßesjs lqiqnZ rqEgkjs ekeykr fd;s x, gSa] gkykafd eSa rqe esa lclscsgrj ugha gw¡- vxj jkgsjkLr ij jgw¡ esjh enn djuk] dtjoh(Vs<+k jkLrk) bf[+r;kj d:¡ rks eq>s lgh jkLrs ij yxk nsuk-Þblh rjg gt+jr veh#y eksfeuhu l¸;nuk mej Q+k:d+ jft+;Yykgq

vUgq us vius [+kqrcs esa Q+jek;k%&

ßrqe esa ls tks 'k[+l eq> esa dth ns[ks rks eq>s nq#Lr dj ns] blij ,d cnoh fpYyk mBk vxj rq>esa dth ns[ksaxs rks viuhryokj ls rsjs cy fudky nsaxs] bl ij vkius [+kq'k gksdjQ+jek;k [+kqnk dk 'kqØ fd mlus eqlyekuksa esa ,sls yksx iSnk djfn;s gSa tks mej ds cy viuh ryokj ls fudky ldrs gSa-Þ[+kqnk us tc vius jlwy ij 'kwjk (lykg&e'kojk) dks t+:jh d+jkj

fn;k rks nwljs eqlyekuksa ij vkSj Hkh T+;knk ykt+eh gks x;k fd og viusdke 'kwjk ls vatke nsa-

bLyke us jkbZ (ckn'kkg) o fjvk;k (iztk) nksuksa ds fy;s okt+sgnQ+vkr eqd+jZj Q+jek nha- tgk¡ fjvk;k (iztk) vkSj tegwfj;k dks ;g gd+fn;k fd og vkt+knh ls vius ekeykr vehjks&lqYrku ls t+kfgj djs oghagkfdeks&vehj dh brkv~rks&Q+jek¡cjnkjh dk gqDe Hkh fn;k- bl flyflys

esa tS+y ds vgdke eqykfgt+k gksa%&

brkv~rs vehj&vgknhl& (1) ßftlus vehj dh brkv~r dh mlus esjh brkv~r dh-Þ

(lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 2957] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4747)

(2) ßvkSj ftlus vehj dh ukQ+jekuh dh mlus esjh ukQ+jekuh


157

dh- gkfde <ky dh txg gS ftldh vkM+ esa tax dh tkrh gS

vkSj mldh otg ls vkQ+kr ls fgQ+kt+r gksrh gSÞ- (fe'dkrqy

elkchg] gnhl ua0 3661)

(3) ßtks 'k[+l bl gkyr esa ejk fd mldh xnZu esa beker dkrkSd+ u gks og tkfgfy;r dh ekSr ejkÞ- (lgh eqfLye] gnhlua0 4793)(4) ßtks 'k[+l fdlh beke dh cSv~r djds [+kqywls&d+Yc ds lkFkviuk gkFk mlds gkFk esa ns ns rks ml ij ykft+e gS fd tgk¡

rd gks lds mldh brkv~r djsÞ- (lquu vcw nkÅn] gnhl ua04248)

tkfcj mejk&vks&lykrhu tks f[+kykQ+s 'kjv~ vg+dke nsa&(1) ßtc [+kqnk dh ukQ+jekuh dk gqDe fn;k tk, rks u gkfdedh ckr lquh tk,] u mldk gqDe ekuk tk,Þ- (lgh cq[+kkjh]gnhl ua0 7144] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4763)(2) ßlc ls csgrj ftgkn ;g gS fd lqYrku tkbj ds lkeusdYek&,&gd+ dgsÞ- (fe'dkrqy&elkchg] gnhl ua0 3705]lquu vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua0 4344)(3) ßgt+jr dv~c bcus vtjk jft+;Yykgq vUgq ls gqT+kwjs ikdlYyYykgq vySfg olYye eq[+kkfrc gksdj Q+jekrs gSa [+kqnk rq>siukg esa j[ks csod+wQ+ vehjksa ls- dv~c us vt+Z fd;k D;k gS

vekjr csod+wQ+ksa dh\ Q+jek;k esjs ckn ,sls mejk gksaxs tks esjhrjhd+s ij u pysaxs vkSj esjh lqUur ij d+kbe u gksaxs] tks 'k[+lmudh rLnhd+ djs ckotwn muds >wV ds vkSj T+kqYe esa mudhbvkur (enn) djs rks ;g yksx eq>ls ugha vkSj u eSa muls gw¡vkSj og yksx esjs gkSt+ (gkST+ks&dkSljs) ij okfjn u gksaxs- tks'k[+l mu mejk,&oD+r ds >wV dh rLnhd+ u djs vkSj mudsT+kqYe esa bvkur u djs il ;g yksx eq>ls gSa vkSj eSa muls gw¡vkSj og esjs gkSt+ ij okfjn gksaxs-Þ ('ksv~cqy bZeku] ftYn ua07] lq0 46)

(4) ßrqEgkjs csgrjhu gkfde og gSa ftUgsa rqe nksLr j[kks vkSj


158

og rqedks nksLr j[ksa] rqe muds fy;s nqvk djks vkSj og rqEgkjs

fy;s- cnrjhu gkfde og gSa ftuls rqe cqX+t+ j[kks vkSj og rqe

ls cqX+t+ j[ks] rqe mu ij ykur djks vkSj og rqe ij ykur

djsa-Þ (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4804)

vn~y&vks&bUlkQ+µ pwafd vn~yks&bUlkQ+ d+kuwu dh rjkT+kw gS blfy;sdqjvku gdhe vkSj bj'kknkrs ucfo;k esa iwjh f'kír ds lkFk blds d+kuwuekStwn gSa-

(1) ßtc rqe yksxksa ds njE;ku gqDe djks rks bUlkQ+ ds lkFkgqDe djks- [+kqnk rqedks (vPNh ckr dh) ulhgr djrk gSÞ-

(lwjg fulk% 58)(2) ßvkSj vxj rw x+Sj eqfLye yksxksa esa Q+Slyk djs rks bUlkQ+ls Q+Slyk dj- cs'kd [+kqnk bUlkQ+ djus okyksa dks nksLr j[krkgSÞ- (lwjg ekbnk%42)

vgknhl (rtZqek)&(1) gt+jr bcus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa ,d ;gwnhvkSj c'kj eqlyeku ds ekcSu (chp) ut+k (>xM+k) gqvk- ;gwnhus ckjxkgs fjlkyr esa bLrx+klk dh rtoht+ is'k dh] c'kj usbUdkj fd;k- fcyvkf[+kj nksuksa gkft+j gq,] ljdkjs vkyelYyYykgq vySfg olYye us eqdEey rgd+hd+kr Q+jekdj;gwnh dks cjh Q+jekfn;k- (r¶+lhjs [+kkft+u)(2) Q+rg eDdk ds ckn cuh e[+kT+kwe dh ,d vkSjr Q+kRek

fcUrs vlon pksjh ds tqeZ esa fxj¶+rkj gqbZ] vki lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us gkFk dkVus dk gqDe fn;k- ;g vez 'kqjQ+k,d+qjS'k dks ukxokj gqvk] mUgksaus pkgk flQ+kfj'k ds t+fj;s mlscpkysa] ckjxkgs fjlkyr esa flQ+kfj'k dh fdls tqjZv~r gksldrh Fkh- ;g ekeyk vn~yks&bUlkQ+ vgdkes bykgh dh rUQ+hT+kdk Fkk- gt+jr mlkek fcu t+Sn dks vkeknk fd;k x;k] vkilYyYykgq vySfg olYye us mlkek jft+;Yykgq vUgq dhxq¶+rqxw lqudj [+kqrcs esa bj'kkn Q+jek;k& vxyh mEersa blfy;srckg gks xbZa fd tc dksbZ [+kkunkuh cM+k vkneh pksjh djrk rks


159

mls NksM+ nsrs vkSj vxj dksbZ det+ksj bl Q+sv~y dks djrk rkslt+k nh tkrh- [+kqnk xokg gS vxj ;gh Q+sv~y esjh csVh Q+kRekus fd;k gksrk rks mldk Hkh gkFk dkV nsrk-Þ

(lgh cq[kkjh] gnhl ua0 6788] 3475)

bLykeh d+kuwu esa vxj vehjks&lqYrku Hkh eqtfje gks rks mls d+kt+hds ;gk¡ ls lt+k fn;s tkus dk gqDe gksxk-

mejk dks fgnk;krs ucfo;k&(1) ßgt+jr vch ewlk jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYyeftl oD+r fdlh dks vlgkc esa ls gqDe nsdj jokuk Q+jekrs rksbj'kkn gksrk yksxksa dks c'kkjr nks mUgsa Mjkvks ugha] muds lkFkvklkuh djks nq'okjh ugha MkyksÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua07172] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4525)(2) ßgt+jr lqyseku fcu cjhnk dh gnhl esa (ftls cq[+kkjh usud+y fd;k) ejoh gS tc fdlh dks vehj cukdj jokukQ+jekrs rks t+Sy dh fgnk;kr Q+jekrs& x+uher esa [+k;kur udjuk] vgn f'kduh u djuk] ukd&dku u dkVuk] cPpksavkSjrksa dks d+Ry u djuk] tc eqd+kcys dk oD+r vk, rks igysnkors bLyke nsuk] vxj dq+cwy djsa rks muds bLyke dks rLyhe

djuk vkSj mUgsa bZt+k u nsuk] vxj bUdkj djsa rks muls dgukfd eqgkftjhu ds gejkg fgtjr dj tkvks vkSj tks eky nwljksads fy;s gS rqe Hkh eqLrfgd+ gksxs vkSj vxj blls Hkh bUdkj djsarks fQj tks [+kqnk dk gqDe gS tkjh djukÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh)(3) gt+jr vCnqYykg fcu mej jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfgolYye us Q+jek;k [+kcjnkj gks tkvks rqe lc jv~b;r dsfuxgcku gks vkSj rqe lcls jv~b;r ds ckjs esa loky fd;ktk,xkÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 7138] lgh eqfLye] gnhlua0 4724)(4) ßgt+jr ev~d+y fcu ;qlkj jkoh gSa eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq, lquk dksbZ ljnkj eqlyekuksa dhljnkjh djrk gks vkSj [+k;kur djrk gqvk ej tk, vYykg


160

ml ij cfg'r gjke dj nsxkÞ-(lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 7151] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4729)

(5) ßcnrjhu ljnkj og gS tks t+kfye gksÞ-(lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4733)

deT+kksjksa ds lkFk rkYyqd+kr vkSj muds gqd+wd+& ;g muokurQ+lhy dk eksgrkt Fkk ysfdu fjlkyk r[+k¸;qy ls cgqr T+;knk t+[+khe gks

pqdk gS blfy;s eq[+rlju muoku ij bLykeh gSfl;r ls cgl djsaxs- gens[krs gSa fd gj dq+Oor okyk vius ls det+ksj dks d+kcw esa djus ds fy;s

rkd+r dk bLrseky djrk gS] det+ksjksa dh fgek;r ds ijns esa viusbx+jkt+ gkfly fd;s tkrs gSa- bLyke dk ut+fj;k bl flyflys esa bruk

cqyUn gS fd vxj vkt ml ij vEy fd;k tk, rks nqfu;k lsfQ+ruk&vks&Q+lkn [+kRe gks ldrk gS-

ftu det+ksjksa dks nqfu;k dh fdlh feYyr us vius nkeu esa txg unh bLyke muds fy;s et+gch] v[+kykd+h] eqvk'kjrh] d+kSeh] oruh gj

fd+Le ds gqd+wd+ eqd+jZj dj pqdk-ßvkSj ge pkgrs Fks fd vglku djsa mu yksxksa ij tks det+ksj

le>s x, Fks eqYd esa vkSj mudks is'kok cuk nsa vkSj mudksokfjl dj nsa vkSj t+ehu esa tek nsaÞ-

(lwjg d+ll% 5)d+kuwus bLyke us ftl Q+jk[+kfnyh ls det+ksjksa dks gqd+wd+ ls ekykeky

fd;k nwljh feYyr esa mldh felky ugha fey ldrh-bLyke esa rjD+d+h&vks&m:t] bT+t+rks&vt+er dk nkjksenkj vkeky

ij gS- ftl rjg nhxj vkeky esa vkd+k&vks&egdwe (fjvk;k) elkoh(cjkcj) gSa- gqdwer esa Hkh bLyke jaxks&uLy ds bfEr;kt+kr feVkrk gS-

ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh vkf[+kjh ofl;r&ßgt+jr mEes lyek jft+;Yykgq vUgk jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us vius et+sZ oQ+kr esa Q+jek;k& ,s yksxks!uekt+ dh iwjh&iwjh fgQ+kt+r djuk vkSj ykS.Mh&X+kqykeksa ds gqd+wd+

dh fjvk;r djuk vkSj mu ds lkFk ges'kk uehZ ds lkFk is'kvkrs jgukÞ- (vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua0 5156)


161

X+kqykeksa ds eqvk'kjrh gqd+wd+ vkSj elkokr dh rkyhe&ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgw jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tc rqEgkjk [+kkfne [kkuk rS;kjdjds yk, tcfd ml us vkx ds lkeus cSBdj vkx dh xehZvkSj /kq,¡ dh rdyhQ+ mBkbZ mls vius lkFk fcBkdj [kkukf[kykvks] vxj [kkuk de gks rks mlesa ls f[+knerxkj ds gkFk

ij ,d ;k nks yqD+es gh j[k nksÞ-(lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4317)

x+jt+ ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us [+kkfneksa] det+ksjksads lkFk [+kq'k[+kYd+h dks ykft+e Q+jek;k] ekjihV djus dks euk Q+jek;k]vQ+w njxqt+j dh rkdhn dh] lkslkbVh ds tqeyk gqd+wd+ vrk fd;s] ogdq+jvku esa gekjs 'kjhd] uekt+ksa esa gekjs lkFkh] gt o jkst+k] elkftnks&enkfjlx+jt+ ft+Unxh ds gj 'kkscs esa muds gqd+wd+ ge ij ykft+e dj fn;s x,-eqlyeku cgSfl;r gkfde vkSj nq'euksa ds gqd+wd+&

tc eqlyeku gkfdeks&vehj dh gSfl;r j[krk gks vkSj nqfu;k dhlYrursa mlds lkeus f[+kjkt is'k dj jgh gksa ;k oks eSnkus dkjt+kj esa taxdj jgk gks] ml ekSd+s ij Hkh vn~yks&bUlkQ+] 'kQ+d+rks&esgjckuh dhrYd+hu Q+jekbZ xbZ&

ßvkSj yksxksa dh vnkor rqedks bl tqeZ ds bfrZdkc dh ckblu gks fd bUlkQ+ u djks- (gj gky esa) bUlkQ+ djks] bUlkQ+ijgst+xkjh ls d+jhcrj gS- vYykg ls Mjrs jgks tks dqN rqedjrs gks [+kqnk mlls ck[+kcj gSÞ- (lwjg ekbnk% 8)

bLyke vkSj tax& ;w¡ rks gj lYrurks&gqdwer bl vez (dke) dh eqíbZgS fd og tax d+;kes veu vkSj fjvk;k dks cqyUn lrg ij igq¡pkus dsfy;s djrh gS] ysfdu vey bldh rdt+hc djrk gS- vkt nqfu;k dhlYrurksa dh rkjh[+k ns[k tkb;s vkSj bl gd+hd+r dk eqrkYvk dj yhft;sfd bfCrnkvu gj gqdwer us bl fd+Le ds nkos fd;s ysfdu Q+rgks&uqljrds ckn e¶+rwgk vd+oke (Q+rg dh xbZ d+kSeksa) dh fQ+rjh vkt+knh vkSjgqd+wd+ dks viuh tkfcjkuk fl;klr vkSj rjhd+k&,&gqDejkuh ls [+kkd esafeyk fn;k- blds fcyeqd+kfcy bLyke dk rjhd+k&,&gqdwer eqykfgt+k


162

ryc gS- bLyke us ftl mlwy ds rgr tax djus dh btkt+r nh mldhvge nQ+vkr eqykfgt+k gksa%&

(1) ß[+kqnk dh jkg esa mu yksxksa ls yM+ks tks rqe ls yM+rs gSa vkSjT+;knrh u djks- [+kqnk T+;knrh djus okyksa dks nksLr ughaj[krkÞ- (lwjg cd+jg% 190)

(2) ß(dkfQ+jksa ls) yM+ks ;gk¡ rd fd fQ+ruk ekSd+wQ+ ([+kRe) gkstk, vkSj nhu dk ekeyk ljklj vYykg gh ds fy;s gks tk,]vxj oks ckt+ vk tk,¡ rks vYykg muds dkeksa dks vPNh rjgns[krk gSÞ- (lwjg vuQ+ky% 39)vktdy veu ds uke ij ftl fd+Le ds tT+ckr dkjQ+jek gSa muls gj

'k[+l ftls FkksM+h clhjr (vD+y) Hkh gkfly gks okfd+Q+ gS- bLyke bu rekevkykb'kksa (,scksa) ls ikdks&lkQ+ gS] mlus ;k rks eqnkfQ+v~r ds fy;s tax dkgqDe fn;k ;k vn~yks&bUlkQ+ dh rjoht vkSj d+;kes veu dh [+kkfrj eSnkustax esa vkus dh btkt+r nh vkSj oks Hkh bl rjg fd egdwe vd+oke(Q+jek¡cjnkj d+kSeksa) dks ckes rjD+d+h ij igq¡pkus ds fy, reke vlckcQ+jkge dj fn;s- tczks&T+kqYe dks d+rv~u jksd fn;k- vkSjrksa] cw<+ksa] et+gchis'okvksa dh tkuks&eky vkSj et+kfgc ds ,grjke dks ckd+h j[kus dh l[+r

rkdhn Q+jekbZ-bl flyflys esa vxj dqjku djhe vkSj vgknhls ucfo;k ;k rkjh[+ks

bLyke dk eqrkYvk fd;k tk, rks c[+kwch ekywe gks ldrk gS fd eqlyekuksaus vius nkSjs&gqdwer esa e¶+rwgk&eqekfyd (thrs gq, eqYdksa) ds lkFk dSlhdSlh fjvk;rsa dh] eLrkfeu vkSj T+kqfEe;ksa dks vnkyrh vkSj 'kgjhvgdke esa elkoh gqd+wd+ fn;s] eqlyekuksa ij mudh fgek;r t+:jh BgjkbZgÙkk fd vxj dksbZ 'k[+l muds tkuks&eky ij nLrnjkt+h djs rkseqlyeku mudh [+kkfrj tax djus ij etcwj gq,-veu&

ßvxj oks yksx veu dh rjQ+ >qdsa rks rqe Hkh >qd tkvks vkSjvYykg ij Hkjkslk djks- oks lquus vkSj tkuus okyk gSÞ-

(lwjg vuQ+ky% 61)

uD+T+ks vgn& fl;kfl;kr esa bLyke dk ;s fut+ke Hkh d+kfcys rglhu gS fd


163

oks vius eqrCcbZu dks gqDe nsrk gS fd tc fdlh d+kSe ls vgnks&ehlkd+ djksrks mls iwjk djks] [+okg t+kfgjh rkSj ij rqEgkjk uqD+lku gh D;ksa u gksrk gks-vk;kr (rtZqek)&

(1) ßtc vgn cka/kks rks vYykg ds vgn dks iwjk djksÞ-(lwjg ugy% 91)

(2) ml vkSjr dh rjg u gks tkvks tks cVus ds ckn vius lwrdks rksM+ Mkyrh gSÞ- (lwjg ugy% 92)

oQ+k&,&vgnµ gt+jr vch jkQ+s viuk okfd+vk ;w¡ ud+y Q+jekrs gSa&eq>s d+qjS'k us d+kfln cukdj Hkstk tc eSa gkft+js f[+kner gqvk rks esjs fnyesa bLyke dh jx+cr iSnk gqbZ] eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls vt+Zfd;k fd c[+kqnk mudh rjQ+ dHkh u tkÅ¡xk- vki lYyYykgq vySfgolYye eq'kfjdhus vjc ls oknk Q+jek pqds Fks fd rqEgkjs vkneh tksgekjs ;gk¡ vk,axs okil fd;s tk,axs] blfy, vkius vch jkQ+s dkseq[+kkfrc Q+jekdj bj'kkn fd;k%&

(1) ßgqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eSa u rksuqD+T+ks&vgn (oknk f[+kykQ+h) djrk gw¡ vkSj u d+kfln dks jksdrkgw¡- vc rqe okil tkvks fQj vxj rqEgkjs th esa vk, rks okil

vk tkuk- eSa d+qjS'k dh rjQ+ x;k mlds ckn gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye dh f[+kner esa gkft+j gksdj eqlyeku gks x;kÞ-(fe'dkrqy& elkchg] gnhl ua-3981] lquu vcwnkÅn] gnhlua- 2758)blh eqvkfgns ds ekSd+s ij eDdk dh rjQ+ ls ,d lgkch t+athjsa igus

t+[+eksa esa pwj vk, vkSj vt+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg! ceqf'dy dkfQ+jksa dsikl ls vk;k gw¡] Q+jek;k bu eqlhcrksa ij lcz djks vkSj eq'kfjdhus eDdkds ikl okil tk] uD+t+s&vgn ugha gks ldrk-

(2) ßgqT+kwj ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k eksfeu dk oknk (d+t+Z dh rjgokftcqy vnk gS) vkSj mldk oknk ,slk gS tSls gkFk idM+ysukÞ- (dUT+kqy&veky] ft- 3] lq- 347)

(3) gt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk jft+;Yykgq vUgk jkoh gSa gqT+kwj


164

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds fnu vYykg

ds lc ls csgrj oks cUns gksaxs tks [+kq'kfnyh ls oknk iwjk djsa-

(vyeqvTteqLlx+hj] ft-2] lq-210)

(4) gt+jr lQ+oku jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa Q+jek;k [+kcjnkjjgks tks 'k[+l T+kqYe djs] ftl ls vgn dj fy;k tk, ;k mldsgd+ esa de djs ;k rkd+r ls T+;knk rdyhQ+ ns ;k fcykjt+keUnh dqN ys rks eSa d+;ker ds jkst+ mldk eq[+kkfyQ+gksÅ¡xkÞ- (fe'dkrqy& elkchg] gnhl ua-4047] lquu vcwnkÅn]

gnhl ua- 3052)oQ+k, vgn dh felky blls T+;knk vkSj D;k gks ldrh gS fd lqyg

gqnSfc;k ds ekSd+s ij dq¶+Q+kjs d+qjS'k us lqgSy fcu vez ds t+fj;s tks 'kjkbris'k dh Fkha vkius mUgsa d+qcwy Q+jek fy;k- tc vgnukek fy[kus dk oD+rvk;k rks vkius gqDe fn;k fy[kks& fcfLeYykg fgjZgek fujZghe] lqgSy usvt+Z fd;k jgeku dks ge ugha tkurs tks igys fy[kk djrs Fks ogh fy[kks]lgkck ukjkt+ Hkh gq,] exj pwafd vki eqvkfgnk dj pqds Fks] vkiusfcfLedk vYykgqEek gh fy[kok fn;k blh rjg eqgEen jlwyqYykg dhctk; eqgEen fcu vCnqYykg fy[kok fn;k-

bl fd+Le dh vgknhls ucfo;k esa cdljr felkysa feyrh gSa tks gekjsfy;s lcd+vkekst+ gSa- bLyke dk ;s muoku ;d+huu nqfu;k tgku dhfeYyrksa ls uqek;k¡ cfYd vjQ+k&vks&vkyk gS- bl rgt+hcks&reíqu ds

t+ekus esa ftl rjg eqvkfgnkr dk gJ gksrk gS mldh dSfQ+;kr ukd+kfcysrgjhjks&c;ku gSa- bLyke us ftl eqvkfgn d+kSe ls tks eqvkfgnk fd;k mlsiwjk dj ds fn[kk fn;k vkSj oks Hkh fdlh d+kSeh ekeys esa ugha] cfYdet+gch ekeykr esa ftldk urhtk FkksM+s vlsZ esa t+kfgj gks x;k- ftl vezdks yksx det+ksjh ij egewy dj jgs Fks ogh pht+ Q+rg dh 'kDy esa:uqek gqbZ-

x+jt+ bLyke us d+rbZ rkSj ij gqDe ns fn;k fd ftl rjg ekíh ;kekv~uoh vekur esa [+k;kur tkbt+ ugha] blh rjg tax vkSj veu dseqvkfgnksa esa csoQ+kbZ nq#Lr ugha-ftt+;k& ftt+;s ds eqrkfYyd+ clk vkSd+kr rck, dks eqUrf'kj vkSj


165

bLyke ls gVkus ds fy;s eq[+kkfyQ+hus bLyke et+kehu rgjhj djrs jgrs

gSa] blfy;s ge eq[+rflj b'kkjkr esa mldh gd+hd+r ls eqrkfYyd+ dqNmewj ;gk¡ ntZ djrs gSa-

bLyke us tax djus dh etcwfj;ksa dh fcuk ij btkt+r nh Fkh tcoks t+:jrsa iwjh gks tk,¡ rks tax [+kRe gks tkrh gS vkSj gjhQ+ (nq'eu) dh

vnkor ls egQ+wt+ jgus ds fy;s gÙkk ;qv+fry ftt+;fr v+a¸;nwgqelkfx+:u- (lwjg rkSck% 29) dk gqDe fn;k vksj ;s Hkh bl rjg fd oks rqEgsa

ftt+;k vnk djsa bl gky esa fd ftt+;k vnk djus dh eqd+njr j[krs gksa-bLyke us mu gh yksxksa ij ftt+;k eqd+jZj fd;k tks mldh eqd+njr

(gSfl;r) j[krs gksa- fQj bl ij Hkh x+kSj djrs tkvks fd ftl oD+r vgysfdrkc ftt+;k vnk djuk eUT+kwj dj ysa rks eqlyekuksa ds fy;s t+:jh gks

tkrk gS fd bUgsa veu c[+'ksa] mudh fgek;r djsa] mudh vkSj muds nhudh fgQ+kt+r djsa vkSj eqlyekuksa dh rjg elkoh crkZo djsa- 'kjhv~r esa

ftu yksxksa ls jd+e ftt+;k yh tk, mUgsa fT+kEeh dgrs gSa-bLykeh gqdwer ds fy;s fT+kfEe;ksa dh tkuks&eky dh fgQ+kt+r ykft+e

gks tkrh gS- ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye vkSj vkids vlgkcsfdckj muds gqd+wd+ ox+Sjk esa T+;knk ls T+;knk fjvk;r Q+jekrs Fks-

gt+jr l¸;nuk [+kkfyn fcu oyhn jft+;Yykgq vUgq us 12 fg- esalyksck bCus uLrwuk ds uke tks vgnukek rgjhj Q+jek;k mlds vYQ+kt+

gLcs t+Sy Fks%ßeSaus rqe ls ftt+;k vkSj fgek;r ij eqvkfgnk fd;k gS rqEgkjs

fy;s gekjk ft+Eek gS vkSj gekjh fgek;r gS tc rd ge rqEgkjhfgek;r djsaxs rqe ls ftt+;k ysaxs] tc fgek;r u dj ldsaxs rks

rqe gedks ftt+;k vnk u djuk-lkfgcs Q+qrwgqy fcYnku ud+y Q+jekrs gSa%&

lgkck fjt+okuqYykg vySfge vtebZu us gt+jr vcw mcSnkjft+;Yykgq vUgq ds gqDe ls 'kgj gEl ds ckf'kUnksa ls oqlwy

fd;k gqvk ftt+;k okil dj fn;k vkSj lkQ+&lkQ+ dg fn;k fdgeus rqEgkjh fgQ+kt+r ds fy;s oqlwy fd;k Fkk pwafd vc ge

rqEgkjh fgQ+kt+r ugha dj ldrs] fygkt+k jd+e ftt+;k okil


166

djrs gSa- eqlyekuksa dk ;g rt+sZ&vey ns[kdj oks bl ntkZ

eqrkfLlj gq, fd vius ge et+gc ;gwfn;ksa ds eqd+kcys esaeqlyekuksa dh Q+qrwgkr (thr) ds [+okgk¡ Fks vkSj tks eqlyeku

'kgj NksM+dj ckgj tkus yxs rks nqvk djus yxs fd [+kqnk rqedkstYn okil yk,-

ekStwnk rjD+d+h ;k¶+rk vd+okeks&eqekfyd esa fjvk;k ls ftl fd+Le dsHkkjh&Hkkjh VSDl oqlwy fd;s tkrs gSa mUgsa lkeus j[kdj bLykeh ftt+;s dhukSb;r ij ,rjkt+ djus dk dksbZ egy (igyw) ckd+h ugha jgrk-tax ds d+Sfn;ksa ds lkFk ejkvkr&

bLyke us taxh d+Sfn;ksa ds lkFk ejkvkrs [+kqlwlh j[kha- eqlyekuksa usvius t+ekuk&,&gqdwer esa d+Sfn;ksa ds lkFk tks lqywd fd;k oks vkt vkeks&[+kkl fjvk;k ds lkFk ugha cjrk tkrk- eqlyeku tks [+kqn [kkrs Fks d+Sfn;ksadks f[kykrs- taxs&cnj ds ekSd+s ij ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfgolYye d+Sfn;ksa dh T+k:fj;kr ox+Sjk ds eqvk;us ds fy;s c&u¶+ls&uQ+hlr'kjhQ+ ys tkrs] cfYd ftu d+Sfn;ksa dks gkFk ca/kus esa rdyhQ+ gksrh mudhrdyhQ+ ls vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye cspSu gks tkrs- dq+jvku djhe

us Hkh Q+&vEeeuk cv+nk o vEek fQ+nk- (lwjg eqgEen% 4) dk gqDe nsdjokt+sg dj fn;k fd mlds ckn mUgsa NksM+ nks ;k fQ+n;k oqlwy djks gÙkk;qfT+kmy gfcZ vkSt+kjgk (lwjg eqgEen% 4) ;gk¡ rd fd yM+kbZ [+kRe gkstk,-

gqT+kwjs vuoj vySfgÙkfg¸;rq oLluk us det+ksj dS+fn;ksa ds lkFk ftlntkZ 'kQ+d+rks&esgjckuh dk cjrko fd;k rqEgsa nqfu;k ds vUnj ml tSlhfelkysa eqf'dy ls feysaxh- eq'kfjdhus eDdk ls T+;knk gqT+kwj dk dkSu nq'eustkuh Fkk ftUgksaus gj bedkuh rdyhQ+ igq¡pkbZ] eDdh o enuh ft+Unxh esadHkh bfReukuks lqdwu ls u cSBus fn;k vkSj oks et+kfye <k, ftudhrQ+lhy ls vkt bUlkfu;r Hkh 'kjek,xh- Q+rg eDdk esa vki ftl d+njHkh lt+k,¡ nsrs de Fkk] exj vYykg x+uh bl jgers eqtfLle us 'knhnls 'knhn eqlhcrsa mBkdj Hkh ml gkyr esa fd reke eq'kfjdhu d+Sfn;ksa dh

rjg gkft+j Fks ;gh Q+jek;k%& yk rljhck vySdqeqy ;kSe ;kuh vkt dsfnu rqe ij dksbZ T+;knrh ugha-


167

bUlku fdruk gh gyheqÙkck gks ysfdu oks dq+Oorks x+yck ikdj nq'euksa

dks cjckn djus ij vkeknk gks tkrk gS] exj ;s bLykeh rt+sZ gqdwer ghdk vUnkt+ Fkk fd l[+rh dh ctk; nkeus jger esa lcdks Nqik fy;k-

lYyYykgq vySdk ;k jlwyqYykgfrjfet+h 'kjhQ+ esa ljdkj vcn d+jkj ds ;s tqeys Hkh et+dwj gSa&

ßrqe bevk (ftjhZ) u gks tkuk fd ;s dgks fd vxj yksx usdhdjsaxs rks ge Hkh usdh djsaxs exj vius uQ+lksa dks bl ij d+jkj

nks fd yksx usdh djsa rks usdh djks vkSj cqjkbZ djsa rks rqe T+kqYeu djksÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2007)

vkids vlgkc dh g;krs 'kjhQ+k bu vYQ+kt+ dh eqdEey rQ+lhj Fkh-d+kuwus lqyg& lqyg ds ckjs esa Hkh bLyke dk ut+fj;k lcls vjQ+k&vks&vkyk jgk gS ftldh eq[+rflj felkysa ge fiNys lQ+gkr esa is'k dj vk,gSa- dqjvku djhe us lqyg ds eqrkfYyd+ lkQ+ o ljhg rkSj ij bj'kkn

fd;k%& o bu t&u&gqfLlfYe Q+tuv+ ygk o roDdyq vyYykg (lwjgvuQ+ky% 61)

rtZqek& vxj oks lqyg dh rjQ+ >qdsa rks rqe Hkh lqyg dh tkfuc >qdtkvks vkSj [+kqnk ij Hkjkslk djks-

nq'euksa dh iukg dk d+kuwu&ßvxj eq'kfjdhu esa ls dksbZ 'k[+l rqe ls iukg dk [+okLrxkj

gks rks mls iukg nsnks ;gk¡ rd fd oks [+kqnk dk dyke lqu ysÞ-(lwjg rkSck% 6)

gÙkk ;lem+ dykeqYykg dh d+Sn Hkh d+kfcys x+kSj gS- d+qjvku djheml pht+ dks t+kfgj dj jgk gS fd mudks vPNh rjg gqDdke ox+Sjk ls

eqÙkyk fd;k tk, rkfd oks x+kSjks&fQ+Ø dj ldsa] ;s ugha fd tks d+kSe gekjhiukg esa vkuk pkgs rks vc ge mldh det+ksjh dk vglkl djrs gq,

vius ed+kfln dh [+kkfrj ml ij T+;knk ls T+;knk cks> Mkyrs tk,¡-eT+kgch ekeykr esa tczks&djkg dh eqekfuv~r&

bLyke us ftl rjg iksfyfVdy ekeykr esa tczks&djkg dh eqekfuv~rQ+jekbZ] et+gc dks tcju d+qcwy djkus dh f'kír ls eq[+kkYQ+r dh- pqukaps

bl elys esa dqjvkuh vk;kr vkSj vgknhls ucfo;k esa okt+sg vgdke


168

ekStwn gSa- ;g pht+ bUlku ds [+kqn vius Q+Slys ij NksM+ nh xbZ gS] vxj

,slk u gksrk rks et+kfgcs ckfryk ds evkcn ox+Sjk dk ,grjke ckd+h ujgrk- 'kkgkus bLyke ds tczks&r'kíqn ds Q+t+hZ vQ+lkuksa dk ea'kk jgus

okyh d+kSeksa esa bukn (nq'euh) iSnk djuk gS] ojuk xouZesUV vkWQ bf.M;kvkSj eqefydrs vklfQ+;k esa vkt Hkh iqjkuh vlukn 'kkgh ekStwn gSa tks

crk jgh gSa fd lykrhuks&mejk, bLyke us eukfnj (efUnjksa) ox+Sjk dsfy;s Hkkjh&Hkkjh jd+we eqd+jZj dha vkSj ck'kUnxkus fgUn ij eqlyly

ljQ+jkft+;k¡ Q+jekbZa- vksgnk&tkr o eukflc vrk djus esa Q+jk[+kfnyh lsdke fy;k] ekfy;kr tSls vge 'kkscs esa fgfUn;ksa dk mUlj x+kfyc j[kk

x;k- ftu mejk o lykrhus bLyke ds r'kn~nqn ds x+yr vQ+lkus c;kufd;s tkrs gSa mUgksaus ejkvkr o gqLus lqywd dh t+cjnLr felkysa NksM+h gSa-

csvly rokjh[+k vkSj et+ewe fulkcs rkyhe esa vly gd+kbd+ dk irkpyuk eqf'dy gS blds fy;s fgUn dh lgh rkjh[+kksa dk eqrkYvk t+:jh gS-

cgknqjh dh rkyhe& bLyke us viuh rjQ+ ls fdlh d+kSe ij gesykdjds cjcknh dh rkyhe ugha nh] vycÙkk eqlyekuksa dks cgknqjh] tqjZv~r&vks&fgEer] nq'eu ds eqd+kcys o eqnkfQ+v~r dk gqDe fn;k vkSj bldhrS;kjh ds eq[+rfyQ+ rjhd+s crk,- Qus&fligxjh vkSj nwljs 'kkscs tkjh gq,ftuesa eqlyeku lc ls vkxs Fks- vQ+lksl fd vkt d+nhe pht+sa vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk [+kRe gks jgh gSa] oks Q+quwus&yrhQ+k tks 'kqQ+kZ dh vkSykn ds fy;sykt+eh Fks- vkt mudh txg bl fd+Le ds ygoks&ybc tkjh gSa ftulsmuds vUnj ctk; d+qOorks&rkd+r ds tqCuks (cqT+kfnyh) ukenhZ iSnk gks-fdlh t+ekus esa lSjks&f'kdkj ox+Sjk ds fy;s efUt+yksa iSny pys tkrs Fks vkt,d d+ne ds fy;s Vªke] eksVjlkbfdy dh gktr gks xbZ- ;gh lcc gS fd;kSeu&Q+&;kSeu lsgrsa [+kjkc vkSj bejkt+s ftLekuh esa eqfCryk gks jgs gSa-

bLyke us gesa 'kglokjh o rhjankt+h ox+Sjk dh rkyhe nh- gekjk Q+t+ZgS fd vius vkck&vks&vtnkn dh rkyhekr ij vey djsa vkSj eqckjdQ+quwu dks ft+Unk djsa-gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dk ov~T+k 'kjhQ+rhjankt+h dh nkor&

(1) ßgt+jr md+ck fcu vkfej jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa eSaus


169

gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks feEcj ('kjhQ+) ij (ov~t+)Q+jekrs gq, lquk] dkfQ+jksa ls eqd+kcys ds fy;s tks pht+ rqeviuh d+qOor ls dj ldks djks- [+kcjnkj gks dq+Oor rhjankt+h dhgS (;s tqeyk vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us rhu ckjQ+jek;k)Þ- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4946)

(2) ogh gt+jr md+ck fcu vkfej jkoh gSa fd eSaus gqT+kwjlYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq, lquk ftlus rhjankt+hlh[kus ds ckn NksM+ nh il oks ge esa ls ugha gSÞ- (lgh eqfLye]gnhl ua0 4949)rhjankt+h ds vykok vkSj Hkh nwljs cgqr ls eqckjd rjhd+s gSa ftudks

bLyke us crk;k vkSj muds gkfly djus dh rjx+hc fnykbZ- rQ+lhykrdk ;s ekSd+k ugha] ge fQj vt+Z djsaxs fd eqlyekuksa dks pkfg;s oks gjtxg bu Q+quwus 'kjhQ+k dk vg+;k djsa vkSj vius ukStokuksa] cPpksa dks

dq'rh] fcukSV] rhjankt+h] fligxjh dh rkyhekr dkQ+h rkSj ij fl[kk,¡-

[+kqyQ+k&,&bLyke dh fT+kUnxhgt+jkr [+kqyQ+k&,&vjck fjt+okuqYykfg vySfge vtebZu vkSj muds

ckn mejk&vks&lykrhus bLyke us ftl fd+Le dh vehd+ f[+knekr vatkenha muds ft+Ø dh rQ+lhyu ;k btekyu bl fjlkys esa xqatkb'k ugha- blgd+hd+r dks eq[+kkfyQ+hus bLyke Hkh rLyhe djrs gSa fd bu uqQ+wls&d+qnfl;kus bLyke ij tks ,glkukr fd;s oks fdlh gkyr esa d+kfcys Q+jkeks'k ugha-mudh g;kr dk ,d&,d yEgk [+kf'k;rs bykgh] T+kqgnks&bÙkd+k dk uewukvkSj f[+kners [+kYd+ ds fy;s oD+Q+ Fkk] lknxh mudh ft+Unxh dk tqt+ Fkh]d+kSeh gfe;r o nhuh f[+kner ds fy;s oks oD+Q+ Fks-

gt+jr l¸;nuk flíhd+s vdcj jfT+k0v0d+qcwys bLyke ds oD+r vkids ikl pkyhl gt+kj fnjge Fks tks vkius

bLyke vkSj d+kSe dh f[+kner esa [+kpZ dj fn;s- ;gh lcc Fkk fd gqT+kwjsvuoj :gh ygqyfQ+nk us Q+jek;k ftl d+nj vcwcØ ds eky us Q+k;nkigq¡pk;k fdlh ds eky us ugha igq¡pk;k- f[+kykQ+r ds ckn Hkh vius nks'kij pknjsa j[kdj cx+t+Zs Q+jks[+r ys tk;k djrs Fks- tc dkjgk, f[+kykQ+r


170

dh otg ls vkidk reke oD+r lQ+Z gksus yxk rks vlgkcs fdjke dks tekdj dj Q+jek;k& ßvc f[+kykQ+r dk 'kqx+y frtkjr dk ekSd+k ugha nsrkvkSj vgyks&v;ky dh fdQ+kyr ugha dj ldrkÞ- lgkck us cSrqyeky lsvkids elkfjQ+ ([+kpsZ) eqd+jZj dj fn;s- d+Cy f[+kykQ+r eqgYys dhyM+fd;k¡ cdfj;k¡ ykdj vkils nw/k fudyokrha] [+kyhQ+k gks tkus ij Hkhvkius bl f[+kner ls ,jkt+ (bUdkj) u fd;k- Q+jek;k bl vksgns ls esjhfdlh vknr esa Q+d+Z u vk,xk-

vkids t+ekuk&,&f[+kykQ+r esa gt+jr l¸;nuk Q+k:d+s vkt+e jft+;Yykgq

vUgq ,d t+bZQ+k dh f[+kner dks tk;k djrs Fks] exj tc mlds ;gk¡igq¡prs rks ekywe gksrk fd vkils d+Cy dksbZ nwljk 'k[+l f[+kner vatke

ns x;k- vki iks'khnk txg [kM+s gks x,] ns[kk fd gt+jr flíhd+s vdcjjft+;Yykgq vUgq us vkdj ml t+bZQ+k ds reke dke vatke fn;s-

,d jkst+ vkidh vgys&[+kkuk us 'khjhuh dh Q+jekb'k dh] bj'kkngqvk fd ßesjs ikl nke ugha gSaÞ- mUgksaus vt+Z fd;k ßbtkt+r gks rks

jkst+kuk [+kpZ esa ls cpkdj tek dj yw¡\Þ Q+jek;k ßbtkt+r gS-Þ pUnjkst+ ds ckn tc dqN iSls tek gks x, rks vkidks fn;s vkSj dgk fd ßvc

'khjhuh yk nhft;sÞ] vkidks tc ekywe gqvk fd ;s t+:jh elkfjQ+ lst+kbn gSa cSrqyeky esa tek dj fn;k vkSj viuk ot+hQ+k mlh d+nj de

fn;k-viuk reke dke [+kqn vatke nsrs] yksxksa us vt+Z fd;k fd ßgedks

dke djus dk gqDe D;ksa ugha nsrs\Þ Q+jek;k& (rtZqek) ßgchcs&[+kqnklYyYykgq vySfg olYye us eq>s gqDe fn;k gS fd eSa yksxksa ls dksbZ pht+

u ek¡xwÞ-f[+kykQ+r ds ckn mejs ds fy;s jokuk gq, rks dqN yksx vkids ihNs

ihNs pys x,] Q+jek;k& ßrqe lc viuh&viuh jkg pyksÞ] reke yksxksadks ihNs pyus ls jksd fn;k- ,d fnu enhus ds ckt+kj esa dej ls peM+s

dh ekewyh isVh cka/ks gq, tk jgs Fks] gejkgh us ns[kdj gSjr ls dgk fdßvkidh D;k gkyr gS\Þ] Q+jek;k ßbLyke ds vlj ls fQ+T+kwy rdYyqQ+kr

tkrs jgsÞ-

ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds folky 'kjhQ+ ds ckn


171

bjfrnkn dk tks fQ+ruk&,&vt+he 'kq: gqvk mls vkius viuh e[+klwl

d+kcfy;r ls nwj fd;k-

13 fgtjh esa gjd+qy dh nks yk[k Q+kSt dk eqd+kcyk djuk dqN vklku

dke u Fkk] ysfdu gt+jr vez fcu vkl] gt+jr mcSnk] gt+jr [+kkfyn

fcu oyhn jft+;Yykgq vUgqe vtebZu tSls 'kqtkvkrs bLyke dh d+qOor

ds lkeus uljkfu;r dk Q+rg ikuk eqf'dy gks x;k- eqlyeku dke;kcks

eUlwj gq,- vgys jkse us gj rjQ+ tklwl eqd+jZj dj fn;s Fks- ,d tklwl

us gkykr dh r¶+rh'k ds ckn tkdj dgk fd ßeqlyekuksa ls eqd+kcyk

vklku ugha] oks jkr esa njos'kks&vkfcn gSa] fnu esa 'kglokj- vn~yks&bUlkQ+

dk ;s vkye gS fd vxj mudk 'kgt+knk pksjh djs rks mls lt+k nh tk,Þ-

tS'ks&mlkek dh eqfge gks ;k eqlSyek fcu dt+kc dk eqd+kcyk buesa

dk gj ,d okd+svk vkids gqLus&rnCcqjks&f[+knekr dh cnhgh felkysa gSa-

f[+kners d+kSeh ds flyflys esa vkids bZlkj dk ;s okd+svk Hkh ;gk¡ ;kn

djus ds d+kfcy gS- tS'k mlkek dh jokuxh ds oD+r gt+jr mlkek dks

Å¡Vuh ij lokj dj fn;k vkSj [+kqn i;knk ik (uaxs ik¡o) jokuk gq,-

gt+jr mlkek us vt+Z fd;k ß;k rks vki Hkh lokj gks tkb;s ;k eq>s

i;knk ik pyus dh btkt+r nhft;sÞ] Q+jek;k& ßeSa ,d lkv~r jkgs [+kqnk

esa d+ne [+kkd vkywn d:¡xk rks D;k esjh 'kku tkrh jgsxhÞ-

coD+rs jokuxh y'dj dks ulhgr& eSa rqedks nl ckrksa dk gqDensrk gw¡ mudks ;kn j[kuk%&

(1) [+k;kur u djuk-

(2) /kksdk u nsuk-

(3) ljnkj dh ukQ+jekuh u djuk-

(4) fdlh ds ukd dku u dkVuk-

(5) cPpksa] cw<+ksa] vkSjrksa dks d+Ry u djuk-

(6) Qynkj nj[+rksa dks u dkVuk-

(7) eosf'k;ksa dks cx+Sj t+:jrs rqvke ft+cg u djuk-

(8) tks yksx vius bcknr[+kkuksa esa xks'kku'khu gksa mUgsa vius gky ij NksM+

nsuk-


172

(9) tc eq[+rfyQ+ vd+lke ds cjruksa esa rqedks ykdj f[kyk;k tk, rks

[+kqnk dk uke ysdj [kkuk-

(10) rqedks ckt+ ,slh d+kSesa feysaxh ftuds lj ds njE;kuh cky eqaMs gksaxs

vkSj vklikl iës NksVs gksaxs mudks lt+k nsuk-

bu Q+jkehu esa tks fgnk;kr gSa oks viuh vgfe;r ds fygkt+ ls [+kqn

bl d+nj jkS'ku gSa ftu ij cgl dh eqryd+ gktr ugha- vki gh us lcls

vOoy dq+jvku djhe dks tek fd;k vkSj mldk uke eqlgQ+ j[kk] cSrqy

eky d+kbe fd;k- 63 lky dh mez esa nks lky pUn ekg f[+kykQ+r Q+jek

dj tekfn;qy vkf[+kj 13 fg0 esa oQ+kr ikbZ-

gt+jr l¸;nuk Q+k:d+s vkT+ke jfT+k0v0gt+jr l¸;nuk Q+k:d+s vkT+ke jfT+k0v0 dk t+ekuk Q+qrwgkrs bLykfe;k

vkSj viuh nwljh [+kqlwfl;kr ds fygkt+ ls gj rjg eqerkt+ gS- vkids

Q+t+kbyks eukfd+c ls vgknhls ucfo;k ycjst+ gSa- Q+kfjd+s gd+ks&ckfry

vki gh dh t+krs&vd+nl Fkh-

v[+kykd+ks vknkr& feLdhuksa] csokvksa] ;rheksa vkSj fjvk;k dk gj oD+r[+k;ky jgrk Fkk- ,d 'kc dks vki gt+jr vCnqjZgeku fcu vkSQ+ jft+0

v0 ds ikl r'kjhQ+ ys x,- Q+jek;k ßpyks enhus ds ckgj ,d d+kQ+yk

vk;k gqvk gS ge vkSj rqe mldh fuxsgckuh djsa] ,slk u gks fd vrjkQ+ks

tokfuc ds yksx mudk eky pqjk ys tk,¡Þ- nksuksa gt+jkr r'kjhQ+ ys x,

vkSj reke jkr d+kQ+ys dh fuxsgckuh djrs jgs-

blh rjg vkids X+kqyke gt+jr vlye dk c;ku gS vki 'kc ds oD+r

x'r djus ds fy;s fudys] ,d ed+ke ij vkx jkS'ku gks jgh Fkh] ogk¡

[+kqn Hkh Bgj x, vkSj eq>s Hkh jksdk- ,d vkSjr pwYgs ij gkaMh p<+k, gq,

cSBh Fkh] cPps jks jgs Fks- vkius d+jhc tkus dh btkt+r pkgh] mlus

btkt+r ns nh- vkius gky iwNk rks dgk& ßlnhZ dh f'kír gS] cPps Hkwd

ls jks jgs gSa] eSaus mudh rlYyh ds fy;s gkaMh p<+k nh gS] tc jksrs&jksrs

lks tk,axs rks dqN cUnkscLr d:¡xhÞ- vkius Q+jek;k ßmej rqEgkjh

[+kcjxhjh ugha djrs\Þ] mlus dgk& ßmej okyh rks gks x, exj gekjs

gkykr ls x+kfQ+y gSaÞ- ;s lqurs gh vki mBs vkSj cSrqyeky ls [ktwjsa]


173

xks'r] vkVk ox+Sjk ysdj vlye jft+0v0 ls Q+jek;k& ßesjh ihB ij

j[k nksÞ- mUgksaus dbZ ckj vt+Z fd;k eSa igq¡pk nw¡- Q+jek;k& ßd+;ker esa

rqe esjk ckj u mBk ldksxsÞ- reke pht+sa viuh ihB ij ykndj yk,

vkSj vkSjr ds lkeus is'k dj nha- tc vkSjr Q+kfjx+ gks xbZ rks cksyh&

ß[+kyhQ+rqy eqfLyehu cuus ds ykbd+ rqe gks u fd mejÞ-

vYykg x+uh f[+kners [+kYd+ ds fy;s ;s v[+kykd+ vkSj gqLus lqywd Fkk-

vkius X+kqjck&vks&elkdhu ds fy;s fcyk d+Sns et+gc cSrqyeky ls

jkst+huk eqd+jZj dj fn;k Fkk- vDlj 'kgjksa esa esgeku[+kkus rS;kj djk,]

enhus ds yaxj[+kkus dk ct+krs [+kqn bfUrt+ke Q+jekrs] tc dksbZ ykokfjl

cPpk fey tkrk rks mls nw/k fiykus okyh ds lqiqnZ djds reke elkfjQ+

[+kt+kus ls eqv¸;u Q+jekrs] X+kqjck, mEer vkSj elkdhu dh T+;knk ls

T+;knk f[+kner djs- viuk ;s gky Fkk fd dqrsZ esa vDlj pkj&pkj iSoUn

yxs jgrs- vius fy;s cSrqyeky ls Q+d+r nks tksM+s ekSles lekZ o xekZ ds

fy;s vkSj gt ox+Sjk dk t+knsjkg vkSj vgyks&v;ky dk [+kpZ eqd+jZj fd;k-

,d fnu lkgct+kns us vt+Z fd;k& ßckck tku! vki mEnk [kkuk rukoqy

Q+jekb;s rkfd vki d+oh jgsa vkSj btjk, vgdke c[+kwch dj ldsaÞ]

Q+jek;k ßesjs nks jQ+hd+ tks eq>ls igys xqt+j pqds gSa mudk ;s rjhd+k u

Fkk] vxj eSa ,slk 'ksok bf[+r;kj d:¡ rks muls u fey ldw¡xkÞ- ,d ckj

dka/ks ij e'kd mBkdj pys] yksxksa us dgk ßvki ;s D;k djrs gSa\Þ tokc

fn;k ßesjs u¶+l esa [+kqnilUnh vk xbZ gS mldks t+yhyks [+okj djrk gw¡Þ-

vDlj Q+jekrs tks vkneh esjs m;wc ls eq>s eqÙkyk djs ml ls eSa

fugk;r [+kq'k gw¡-

[+kf'k;rs bykgh& [+kf'k;rs bykgh dk ;s gky Fkk fd psgjs ij nks fl;kgnkx+ iM+ x, Fks vkSj vk;krs d+qjvkuh esa bl ntkZ rnCcqj Q+jekrs fd

vDlj jks dj t+ehu ij fxj tkrs Fks- ckotwn lknxh ds fl;klr]

bfUrt+kes f[+kykQ+r] uT+eks&uLd+ bl ntkZ csgrjks&vkyk iSekus ij Fkk

ftldh felky feyuh eqf'dy gS-

vkids oD+r dh vge [+kqlwfl;kr& vkius vnkyrsa cukbZa] eqekfyddks lwcksa ij rD+lhe fd;k] iSekb'k tkjh dh] ugjsa tkjh dha] d+kt+h


174

eqv¸;u fd;s] frtkjr ij njvken dk eglwy nlok¡ fgLlk eqd+jZj

fd;k] lu o rkjh[+k fgtjh dh rv¸;qu dh] eDdk eqvT+t+ek ls enhuk

rS;ck rd eqlkfQ+j[+kkus vkSj dq¡, cuok,] 'kgjksa esa ljk,¡ rS;kj djkbZa]

elkftn esa ov~T+kks&ulhgr dk rjhd+k eqLrgde fd;k] uekt+s rjkohg

tekv~r ls vnk dh- uekt+s tukt+k esa pkj rdchjksa dk btek] 'kc dks

x'r djus dk rjhd+k eqd+jZj fd;k] eqekfyds x+Sj ds rkftjksa dks fcykns

bLykfe;k esa frtkjr djus dk bT+u fn;k] vbEek vks eqvfT+t+uhu vkSj

eqYdh [+kqnke dh rU[+okgsa eqv¸;u dha] 'kjkc dh gn esa 80 nqjsZ eqv¸;u

fd;s] eqtkfgnhu ox+Sjk ds jftLVj rjrhc fn;s] nqjkZ cuk;k] ?kksM+ksa dh

t+dkr] t+:jreUn eqlkfQ+jksa ds fy;s ,d ,slk edku cuok;k ftlesa

vf'k;k egQ+wt+ jgrha] gtw dgus ij rkt+hj eqd+jZj dh oxS+j&t+kfyd-

eqdEey bfUrT+kke veky o gqDdke dk rd+#Zj& vki useqekfyds e¶+rwgk dks lwcksa vkSj ft+yksa ij rD+lhe Q+jek;k vkSj muds

fygkt+ ls gLcst+Sy vksgnsnkj eqd+jZj fd;s&

(1) okyh (xouZj lwck)

(2) dkfrc (ehj eqa'kh tks xouZj dk is'kdkj gksrk)

(3) dkfrcs nhoku (Q+kSth n¶+rj dk ehj eaq'kh)

(4) lkfgcqy&f[+kjkt (ekfy;kr dk vQ+lj)

(5) lkfgcqy&vgnkl (iqfyl vQ+lj)

(6) lkfgcs cSrqyeky (vQ+lj [+kt+kuk)

(7) d+kt+h (ln#Llqnwj ;k eqfUlQ+)

vgys vjc eqYdh f[+knekr ij eqvkot+s dks et+ewe tkurs Fks] exj

vkius mlwys fl;klrnkuh ds ekrgr bl jLe dks rksM+dj cs'k vt+ cs'k

lkykuk ot+kbQ+ eqd+jZj Q+jek,-

vkids vgn esa bLykeh bfD+rnkj& vkids vgn esa nfe'd+] gEl]cv~ycd] clzk] vgyk] mnqZu] vgokt+] enk;u] cSfryed+fnl] d+Uljhu]

gyc] vUrkfd;k] d+jd+Sfl;k] ulhfc;u] ewfly] d+Slkfj;k] felz] rLrj]

bLdfUnz;k] ugkoan] vkt+jckbZtku] genku] rjkcylqy&X+kqcZ] fdekZu] lftLrku

ox+Sjk vkSj mlds vrjkQ+ ij bLykeh bfD+rnkj d+kbe gqvk vkSj ;s reke


175

Q+qrwgkr 13 fgtjh ls 23 fgtjh rd ;kuh flQ+Z nl lky dh eqír esa

gkfly gqbZa ftldh rQ+lhykr is'k djus ls ge fjlkys dh t+[+kker ds

ckbl d+kflj gSa- vycÙkk eq[+rlj [+kkdk gLcs t+Sy gks ldrk gS%&

gt+jr vcw mcSnk fcu vytjkZg gkfde 'kke

gt+jr ;t+hn fcu lqQ+;ku okyh 'kke

gt+jr vehj eqvkfo;k okyh 'kke

gt+jr vez fcu vkl okyh felz

gt+jr lkv~n fcu vch od+kl okyh dwQ+k

gt+jr mrck fcu x+t+oku (clzk ds vkckn djus okys) okyh clzk

gt+jr vcw ewlk v'kv~jh okyh clzk

gt+jr ukQ+s fcu vCnqy gkfjl okyh eDdk

gt+jr [+kkfyn fcu vkl okyh eDdk

gt+jr mleku fcu vkl okyh rkbQ+

gt+jr vyd+ek fcu ett+j okyh jeyk

gt+jr ;qv~yk fcu me¸;k okyh ;eu

gt+jr v+yk fcu gt+jeh okyh ;eu

gt+jr ukseku lkfgcqy f[+kjkt okyh enkbu

gt+jr gqt+SQ+k bCus vyheku okyh enkbu

gt+jr v;kt+ fcu fx+ue Q+krsg tt+hjk okyh tt+hjk

gt+jr vez fcu lkv~n okyh gEl

gt+jr [+kkfyn fcu glZ lkfgc cSrqyeky vlQ+gkuh

gt+jr lejk fcu tqUnc lwd+qy vgokt+

gt+jr ukseku fcu v+nh okyh E;ku

gt+jr vyd+ek fcu gde okyh bfCy;k

gt+jr d+nkek fcu et+Åu lkfgcqy f[+kjkt cgjhu

gT+kjr Q+k:d+s vkT+ke jfT+k0v0 ds Q+jkehu& vki mejk&vks&veky(gqDejkuksa) dks muds Q+jkbt+ ls vkxkg Q+jekrs jgrs- ,d fnu vkius

[+kqrcs esa Q+jek;k%& (rtZqek) ß[+kcjnkj gks! eSaus rqedks vehjks&l[+rxhj

cukdj ugha Hkstk cfYd bekes fgnk;r cukdj Hkstk gS rkfd yksx rqels


176

fgnk;r ik,¡] rks eqlyekuksa dks muds gqd+wd+ vnk djks] mudks ekjdj

t+yhy u djks] mudh rkjhQ+ djds fQ+Rus esa u Mkyks] muds fy;s njokt+s

cUn u djks fd t+cjnLr yksx det+ksj dks [kk ysa vkSj vius u¶+l dks mu

ij rjthg (c<+kok) nsdj T+kqYe u djksÞ-

gqDdkeks&veky ds gkykr dh rgd+hd+ks&r¶+rh'k Hkh vki dkQ+h rkSj

ij Q+jekrs- vkids nkSjs f[+kykQ+r ds ft+fEe;ksa] dkfQ+jksa] X+kqykeksa vkSj

fjvk;k ds gqd+wd+ ox+Sjk ds fy;s tks vge d+okbn ml oD+r tkjh gq,

mudh rQ+lhykr dh xqatkb'k u gksus ls rdZ dh tkrh gSa-

gt+jr l¸;nuk mleku X+kuh jfT+k0v0vki fQ+rjh rkSj ij t+ekbeks&d+ckbg ls eksgrfjt+ Fks- bLyke ls igys

Hkh tkfgfy;r dk dksbZ dke ugha fd;k- twnks&l[+kk dk ;s vkye Fkk fd

gj 'k[+l fcyk r[+lhl eqreÙkk gksrk- viuh frtkjrh nkSyr dk vDljks

cs'rj fgLlk d+kSeh o et+gch t+:fj;kr ij lQ+Z Q+jekrs jgrs- gt+jkrs

vgys cSr fjt+okuqYykfg vySfge vtebZu dh f[+kner Hkh vDlj vkSd+kr

Q+jekrs- ,d ckj dbZ fnu rd vgys cSr ds ;gk¡ Q+kd+k jgk- tc gkft+j

gq, rks gt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk ls gkykr nj;k¶+r

fd;s] mUgksaus Q+jek;k& ßpkj fnu ls vkys eqgEen lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us dqN ugha [kk;kÞ- jksdj tokc fn;k& ß,sls gknls dh eq>s D;ksa

u bÙkyk nh\Þ- mlh oD+r dbZ Å¡Vksa ij xsgw¡] [ktwj ox+Sjk ykndj rhu

lkS fnjge ds lkFk ykdj is'k fd;s- gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye dks ekywe gqvk rks vkius efLtn esa tkdj Q+jek;k ß,s vYykg!

eSa mLeku ls jkt+h gw¡ rw Hkh muls jkt+h gksÞ-

tc ls eqlyeku gq, gj tqes dks ,d X+kqyke vkt+kn djrs jgs- X+kqjck

o elkdhu vkSj d+kSeh t+:fj;kr ds fy;s vkidk gkFk dHkh u #dk- enhus

esa ftl oD+r d+gr (lw[kk) iM+k vkidk eky 'kke ls vk jgk Fkk] ml

oD+r vkius ,d gt+kj vackj tks edku esa tek Fks ckotwn rkftjksa ds

t+kbn ls t+kbn nke nsus ds] Q+qd+jk, enhuk ij ln~d+k dj fn;s- lc dqN

gksus ds ckotwn efLtn ds Q+'kZ ij cx+Sj fcLrj ds vkjke djrs ftldh

otg ls 'kkus ij vDlj laxjst+ksa ds fu'kkukr gks tkrs-


177

X+kqykeksa ds gqd+wd+ dk [+k;ky& ,d ckj vkius X+kqyke ls Q+jek;k&ßeSaus ,d fnu rsjh xks'kekyh (dku idM+h) dh Fkh rw mldk eq>ls d+lkl

(cnyk) ys ysÞ- mlus gqDe ds eqrkfcd+ vkids dku idM+s] Q+jek;k&

ßt+ksj ls idM+] D;ksafd nqfu;k dk d+lkl vPNk gS] vk[+kjr dk d+lkl

vPNk ughaÞ-

vkids vgn dh Q+qrwgkr vkSj cX+kkorksa dk bLrslky& gt+jrl¸;nuk Q+k:d+s vkt+e jft+0v0 ds folky 'kjhQ+ ds ckn ftu eqd+kekr

ij cx+korsa gqbZa] mUgsa vkius [+kRe fd;k vkSj nksckjk mu eqekfyd ij

bLyke dk rl#ZQ+ gqvk- vÝ+hd+k esa vkils igys bLykeh gqdwer d+kbe u

gqbZ Fkh- vkids vgn esa vÝ+hd+k ij eqlyekuksa dk rlYyqr gqvk-

23 fg- esa js nksckjk Q+rg gqvk-

26 fg- esa lkcksj o vÝ+hd+k Q+rg gqvk vkSj efLtns gjke dks olhv~

fd;k x;k- mUnqYl Hkh blh lu esa Q+rg gqvk-

29 fg- esa vLr[+kj d+lk ox+Sjk Q+rg gq, vkSj vkius efLtns ucoh

dks olhv~ dj dj uD+'kh iRFkj ls cuok;k- mldk rwy 160 xt+ vkSj

vt+Z 150 xt+ j[kk x;k-

30 fg- esa vt+sZ [+kjklku] us'kkiksj] rwl ox+Sjk Q+rg gq,-

d+qjvku djhe dh vT+kheq''kku f[+kner& 30 fg- esa vkiusdq+jvku djhe dh eqgkojk&,&d+qjS'k ds eqrkfcd+ rgjhj djkbZ vkSj

fd+jv~r esa tks bf[+rykQ+kr Fks oks nwj dj fn;s- mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr

gQ+lk ds ikl gt+jr l¸;nuk flíhd+ vdcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq dk tek

dnkZ dq+jvku ikd dk uqL[+kk ekStwn Fkk oks eaxok;k x;k- gq¶+Q+kt+s lgkck

vkSj rkcbZu us iwjh esgur vkSj dkQ+h ,gfr;kr ls dq+jvku djhe dh

tek&vks&rjrhc dk vge dke vatke fn;k vkSj blds ckn fcyknks&belkj

esa uqL[+ks Hkst fn;s x,- ;s oks vt+heq''kku f[+kner Fkh ftl ij eqlyekuksa

dh reke uLysa ftl d+nj Q+Ò+ djsa de gS- ;w¡ rks dq+jvku djhe lhuksa

esa egQ+wt+ gh Fkk ysfdu gt+jr l¸;nuk mleku x+uh jft+;Yykgq vUgq us

iSnk gksus okys reke fQ+ruksa ls egQ+wt+ Q+jek fn;k-

d+qjvku djhe ls vkidks gn ntkZ b'd+ Fkk] mldk vk[+kjh lqcwr vki


178

dk okd+svk&,&'kgknr gS= 32 fg- esa rqdksZa us [+kqjklku ox+Sjk ij p<+kbZ dh-

vCnqYykg fcu gkft+e us pkj gt+kj dh Q+kSt ls pkyhl gt+kj rqdksZa dk

'kc ds oD+r eqd+kcyk fd;k vkSj rqdksZa dks Hkxk fn;k- vkius tkxhjsa eqd+jZj

Q+jekbZa] 'kgj iukg cuokbZ] tqes dh vt+ku dk gqDe fn;k] flikgh eqd+jZj

fd;s] yksxksa dks dq+jvku ikd dh ,d fd+jv~r ij eqÙkfQ+d+ dj fn;k-

gt+jr l¸;nuk mleku x+uh jft+;Yykgq vUgq ds Q+t+kbyks eukfd+c

vgknhl esa cdljr ekStwn gSa- tks vki ij rkv~u djrs gSa oks gd+hd+r

vkSj lnkd+r ls nwj gSa-

vkius 82 lky dh mez esa ft+yfgTtk 35 fg- esa 'kgknr ikbZ-

gt+jr l¸;nuk ekSyk vyh bCus vch rkfyc jfT+k-v-gt+jr l¸;nuk flíhd+ vdcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq efUt+ys b'd+ r;

djus ds fy;s fudy [kM+s gq, vkSj x+kjs lksj esa Q+jht+k&,&b'd+ks eqgCcr

vnk fd;k- blh rjg gqT+kwj ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq 'kcs fgtjr esa

ljdkjs fjlkyr evkc lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds fcLrj 'kjhQ+ ij

ysV x, rkfd vius vkd+k&vks&ekSyk ij [+kqn dks fulkj dj nsa-

x+t+ok&,&rcwd ds vykok reke x+t+okr esa rktnkjs vkye lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye ds gejkg gkft+j jgs- vkidks bYe t+kfgjks&ckfru vrk

gqvk Fkk- gt+jr bCus vCckl jft+;Yykgq vUgq Q+jekrs gSa& ßjlwyqYykg

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dk bYe vYykg rvkyk ds bYe ls gkfly gS]

vyh dk bYe jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ds bYe ls vkSj esjk

bYe vyh ds bYe lsÞ(vY[+k)-

[+kqn gqT+kwj ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq Q+jekrs gSa& ßdksbZ vk;r ,slh

ugha ftlds eqrkfYyd+ eq>s bYe u gks fd oks fdl ds eqrkfYyd+ vkSj dgk¡

ukft+y gqbZÞ- (vyeqLrnjd] gnhl ua0 4658)

bYes&Q+jkbt+ esa Hkh vki c[+kwch ekfgj Fks- ;eu dh rjQ+ gqT+kwj ikd

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us tc vkidks d+kt+h cukdj Hkstk rks lhus ij

nLrs eqckjd j[k dj ;s nqvk nh% ß,s vYykg! blds fny dks fgkn;r ns

vkSj t+cku dks lckrÞ- bl nqvk dk ;s vlj gqvk fd fdlh eqd+nes esa

vkidh jk; f[+kykQ+s lokc u gqbZ- QS+lys esa vki t+cqZyfeLy Fks- T+kqgnks&


179

rd+ok bl ntsZ dk Fkk fd dHkh vki f'kdkZs&cqr ijLrh ds d+jhc u x,-

nl lky dh mez esa eq'kjZQ+ ck bLyke gq,- 'kqtkv~rks&fnySjh esa vki

e'kgwj gSa- Q+rg [+kScj dk okd+svk vkidh 'kqtkv~rks fnySjh dk 'kkfgn gS-

vez fcu nqo tSls e'kgwj igyoku dks t+sj djuk vki gh dk dke Fkk-

gd+ilUnh&vkius viuh xqe'kqnk ft+jk ,d ;gwnh ds ikl ns[kdj ryc dh] mlus

u nh- eqd+nek d+kt+h dh vnkyr esa x;k- d+kt+h us xokg ryc fd;s]

gt+jr d+acj o beke glu is'k fd;s x,- d+kt+h us cki ds gd+ esa csVs dh

'kgknr d+qcwy u dh gkykafd vki ml oD+r veh#yeksfeuhu Fks vkSj vki

gh dh rjQ+ ls d+kt+h 'kjhg d+kt+h Fks- lqcgkuYykg! bLyke ds d+kuwu dk

;s gky Fkk fd veh#yeksfeuhu Hkh d+kt+h ds lkeus is'k gksrk-

x+jt+ gT+kjr l¸;n ekSyk vyh jft+;Yykgq vUgq dh t+krs vd+nl

Q+t+kbyks&dekykr dk etewvk Fkh- 35 fg- esa vlgkcs fdjke us vkils

cSv~r dhft+yfgTtk 35 fg- ls jet+ku 40 fg- rd vkidk t+ekuk&,&

f[+kykQ+r jgk- 63 lky dh mez esa 40 fg- esa tkes 'kgknr uks'k Q+jek;k-

gT+kjr l¸;nuk beke glu jft+;Yykgq vUgqgqT+kwjs vuoj :gh ygqyfQ+nk lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks gt+jr

beke glu jft+;Yykgq vUgq lc ls T+;knk egcwc Fks- vki gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye ls cgqr T+;knk eq'kkcg Fks- vkids Q+t+kby esa vgknhls

dlhjk okfjn gSa- gt+jkr lgkck fjt+okuqYykg vySfge vtebZu esa gj Q+nZ

vkidk ,grjke djrk Fkk- vki fugk;r ntkZ l[+kh vks djhe vkSj gyheks

cqnZckj Fks- ,d 'k[+l dks yk[k&yk[k nhukj vrk Q+jek nsrs- dHkh fdlh

ds gd+ esa l[+r dYek u Q+jek;k- et+yweksa] x+jhcksa ij x+Sjekewyh dje

Q+jekrs- vkidk [+kqYd v[+kykd+s ucfo;k dk uewuk Fkk-

gT+kjr l¸;nuk vehj evkfo;k jft+0v0 ls elkfygr Q+jek dj

bf[+rykQ+ dk njokt+k cUn dj fn;k vkSj gqT+kwj eqf[+cjs lkfnd+ lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye dk ;s bj'kkns vkyh& ;qlfygqYykgq fcfg cSuk fQ+&vrSuk

feuy eqfLyehu (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 3629) (;kuh vYykg rvkyk

beke glu ls eqlyekuksa ds nks Q+jhd+ esa lqyg djk nsxk) iwjk gks x;k-


180

gqLus v[+kykd+ dh t+cjnLr felkysa&(1) vki nLrj[+oku ij cSBs gq, Fks] ,d [+kkfnek gkft+j gqbZ- vkidh gScr

ls ejÅc gks xbZ] gkFk ls I;kyk NwV dj lj ij fxj x;k] mlus vnc

ls vt+Z fd;k& ßoy dkft+ehuy x+Sft+Þ vkius lj >qdk dj Q+jek;k

ßdft+Erq x+Sft+Þ eSaus viuk X+kqLlk ih fy;k] bl ij [+kkfnek us dgk ßoy

vkQ+huk v+fuUuklÞ tokc esa Q+jek;k& ßvQ+wrk v+udkÞ eSaus rq>s ekQ+

fd;k- duht+ us nfj;k, dje dh rqx+;kuh ns[k dj vt+Z fd;k ßoYykgq

;qfgCcqy eksg+fluhuÞ Q+jek;k& ßtk eSaus rq>s vkt+kn fd;kÞ-

(2) ,d gktreUn us ctk; t+cku ls loky djus ds ;g 'ksv~j fy[kdj

fHktok fn;s& (rtZqek) ßtc okil tkÅ¡xk rks yksx iwNsaxs] beke us rq>s

D;k fn;k\ ml oD+r D;k tokc nw¡xk\

vxj ;s dgw¡ fd beke us esjs lkFk lqywd fd;k rks fdT+c c;kuh gksxh

vkSj vxj dgw¡ fd eg:e vk;k rks equkflc ughaÞ-

vkius nl gt+kj fnjge fHktok fn;s vkSj tokc esa rgjhj Q+jek;k%

(rtZqek) ßrsjh mtyr dh otg ls T+;knk dk bfUrt+ke u gks ldk] vxj

eksgyr nsrk rks rsjs loky ds eqrkfcd+ feyrkÞ-

vYykg&vYykg lkby dh [+okfg'k ij twnks&l[+kk dk ;s vkye gS-

;gh v[+kykd+ Fks ftldh otg ls lkjk vkye fxjohnk&vks&eql[+[+kj

Fkk- ;s v'kvkj ckt+ eqvfjZ[+khu us gt+jr l¸;nuk beke t+Suqy vkCnhu

jft+;Yykgq vUgq ds gkykr esa Hkh ntZ fd;s gSa-

gesa eqQ+fLlyu ckn ds okd+svkr ij cgl djuk ed+lwn ugha gS vkSj

u ;s pkgrs gSa fd mu gkykr dk ft+Ø djsa ftuesa vlsZ ls rgd+hd+ks&rnd+hd+

(x+kSjks&fQ+Ø) ;k bf[+rykQ+kr dk flyflyk pyk vk jgk gS] cfYd bl

d+nj rt+fdjksa ls Hkh flQ+Z bl d+nj ed+lwn Fkk fd gt+jkr [+kqyQ+k

fjt+okuqYykfg vySfge vtebZu us bLykeh ut+fj;k&,&gqdwer ds eqvkfQ+d+

vn~yks&bUlkQ+ ds lkFk ftl fd+Le dh gqdwerks&f[+kner Q+jekbZ oks lkjs

tgku ds fy;s vkt Hkh uewuk&,&fgnk;r gS- mUgksaus cjljs bfD+rnkj gksdj

Hkh [+kqn dks d+kSe dk [+kkfne le>k vkSj vius bLykeh tT+ckr et+gch

vgdke ds lkFk oks rjfD+d+;k¡ dh tks vkt nqfu;k esa ut+j ugha vkrha-


181

fdrkc dk vxj flQ+Z ekST+kw&,&cgl gksrk rks ge T+;knk ls T+;knk

eokn is'k dj dj fn[kk ldrs Fks fd bLykeh gqdwerks lYrur nqfu;k

tgku dh feYyrksa ls uqek;k¡ gkyr j[krh gS- xqft+'rk okd+svkr ls Hkh

vgys clhjrks&bUlkQ+ cgqr dqN Q+okbn gkfly dj ldrs gSa-

eUlcs d+T+kk (d+kT+kh) vkSj bldh fT+kEesnkfj;k¡&;s eUlc viuh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ds fygkt+ ls bl ntkZ vge gS ftl ij

ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us 'knhn fgnk;kr Q+jekbZ gSa-

bl t+ekus esa vx+;kj dh ns[kk&ns[kh bl ukT+kqd vksgns ds gqlwy esa bUlku

viuh reke fnekx+h o t+guh rnkchj djrk gS] tks 'k[+l vt+[+kqn bl

vksgns dh fQ+Ø esa ljxjnk¡ gks mldh ckcr Q+jekrs gSa%&

(1) ßtks 'k[+l eUlcs&d+t+k ryc djs vkSj bldk loky djs

vius u¶+l dh rjQ+ lkSaik tkrk gS (;kuh rkSQ+hd+s bykgh mlds

lkFk 'kkfey ugha gksrh) vkSj tks t+cjnLrh d+kt+h dj fn;k tk,

[+kqnk mlds lkFk Q+fj'rk ekewy djrk gS tks mls nq#Lr j[krk

gS (rkfd oks eqd+nekr esa lgh Q+Slyk djs)Þ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h]

gnhl ua0 1324)

vgknhl esa bldh cdljr felkysa ekStwn gSa fd vkius vt+[+kqn eUlcs

d+t+k dh dksf'k'k djus okyksa dks ekewj u Q+jek;k%&

(2) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu elwn jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ugha gS dksbZ gkfde tks

gqDe djrk gS yksxksa ds njE;ku exj oks d+;ker ds fnu bl

rjg vk,xk fd ,d Q+fj'rk mldh xqíh (xnZu) idM+s gksxk]

fQj oks Q+fj'rk vkleku dh rjQ+ lj mBk,xk] vxj [+kqnk

dgsxk rks ml d+kt+h dks 40 cjl ds xM<s esa Mky nsxkÞ-

(eqLuns vgen] ft-7] lq-173&74)

bl gnhl esa eqckYx+s ds rkSj ij Q+jek;k x;k gS] ojuk xgjkbZ dh

dksbZ rgnhn gd+hd+ru ed+lwn ugha gS vkSj t+tjks&rkSch[+k mu d+t+kr ds

fy;s Q+jekbZ xbZ gS tks vn~yks&bUlkQ+ esa [+k;kur djsa] d+kSe dk #i;k t+k;

djsa] ekeykr esa lQ+kbZ u cjrsa-


182

d+kt+h dk Q+t+Z gS fd eqd+nekr esa cx+Sj ykSefr ykbe ds [+kkSQ+ ds

Q+Slyk djs- vt+ht+ks&d+jhc] nksLr vgckc] d+kSfe;rks&uLy ds bfEr;kt+kr

ox+Sjk ls eqrkfLlj u gks- bl t+ekus esa flQ+kfj'kkr dh xeZ ckt+kjh gS] tks

yksx bu pht+ksa ls eqrkfLlj gksdj vkSj viuh vge ft+Eesnkjh ds f[+kykQ+

djrs gSa oks bUnYykg ek[+kwt+ gksaxs- bl flyflys esa ;g gnhl Hkh d+kfcys

ft+Ø gS-

ßlbZn fcu eql¸;c jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gt+jr mej

jft+;Yykgq vUgq ds ikl ,d eqlyeku vkSj ;gwnh >xM+rs gq,

vk,- gt+jr mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq us gd+ ;gwnh dh rjQ+

ikdj mlds eqokfQ+d+ QS+lyk lkfnj fd;k- ;gwnh us dgk& ̂ [+kqnk

dh d+le] rwus gd+ Q+Slyk fd;k*] gt+jr mej jft+;Yykgq vUgq

us ([+kq'k rcbZ ds rkSj ij) nqjkZ yxkdj iwNk& ^rwus dSls tkuk

fd eSaus gd+ Q+Slyk fd;k\*- ;gwnh us tokc fn;k fd ^ge

rkSjkr esa ikrs gSa fd tc dksbZ d+kt+h gd+ Q+Slyk djrk gS rks

mlds nk,¡&ck,¡ Q+fj'rs jgrs gSa tks mls et+cwr djrs gSa vkSj

gd+ dh rkSQ+hd+ nsrs gSa tc rd d+kt+h gd+ dk Q+Slyk djs] tc

d+kt+h gd+ Q+Slyk ugha djrk rks mls NksM+dj vkleku dh rjQ+

pys tkrs gSaÞ- (eqvÙkk beke ekfyd] ft-4] lq-1041)

iapk;rh fuT+kke& fdlh t+ekus esa eqlyekuksa dk iapk;rh fuT+kke blntkZ eqLrgde Fkk fd muds cM+s&cM+s ekeykr iapk;rh 'kwjk ls r; gks tkrs

Fks- vkt Hkh eqlyekuksa dh dqN tekv~rksa esa iapk;rh flyflyk tkjh gS]

ftudks bLykg dh t+:jr gS-

bu tekv~rksa esa gekjs 'kqjQ+k viuh f'kjdr dks rkSghu le>rs gSa]

gkykafd ;gh tekv~rsa eqlyekuksa dh ftLeks&tku gSa vkSj bu d+kSeksa dh

bLykgks&f[+kner gekjh ft+Unxh dk lc ls cM+k #dqu gksuk pkfg;s- ed+kes

eqljZr gS fd rkyhe ds ckbl vc muesa Hkh d+kfcys d+nz yksx iSnk gks jgs

gSa tks viuh d+kSe dh Q+ykgks&cgcwn pkgrs gSa- [+kqnk mudh dksf'k'kksa dks

dke;kc Q+jek,-

t+:jr bldh gS fd iapk;rh d+kSekSa ds reke et+gch o d+kSeh dkeksa


183

esa b'rjkds vey fd;k tk, vkSj v[+kqOorks&elkokrs bLykeh ds tT+ckr

iSnk fd;s tk,¡- dksf'k'k dh tk, fd eqd+nekrks ekeykr dk Q+Slyk

iapk;rksa ds t+fj;s gks] rlfQ+;k&,&eqd+nekr ds fy;s ,sls gt+jkr eqd+jZj

fd;s tk,¡ tks viuh d+kSe esa eqerkt+ vkSj t+h vlj gksa vkSj vgdkes

bLykeh ds ekrgr fcyk fdlh vljks&flQ+kfj'k ds gd+ks&lnkd+r ds lkFk

Q+Slyk djsa- bl flyflys esa gt+jr gkfn;s vkye lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye dk bj'kkns vkyh d+kfcys ft+Ø gS ftls vcw nkÅn us ud+y fd;k

gS%& ßcs'kd pkS/kjkr gd+ gS ftldh yksxksa dks t+:jr gksrh gS ysfdu

pkS/kjh yksx nkst+[+k esa gSaÞ- (lquu vcw nkÅn] gnhl ua0 2934)

gnhl 'kjhQ+ esa pkS/kjkr dks gd+ t+kfgj Q+jekrs gq, pkS/kjh lkfgcku

ds fy;s tks bj'kkn gqvk buls oks yksx eqjkn gSa tks vius Q+Slyksa esa vn~yks&

bUlkQ+ ls rtkoqt+ djsa- mu gh dks nkst+[+kh Q+jek;k x;k- gqDdkeks&mejk

ds fy;s vn~yks&bUlkQ+ ds elkby ox+Sjk ihNs ft+Ø gq, mudk bvknk ugha

fd;k tk ldrk-

iapk;rh fut+ke gekjs eqYd esa vc Hkh cgqr dke;kc gks ldrk gS

c'krsZ fd mlls [+kkfrj&[+okg Q+k;nk mBk;k tk, vkSj lgh mlwy ds lkFk

mldh rUt+he dj nh tk,-

q q q


184

nkors gd+ dk fuT+kkes veygt+jkr myek&vks&e'kk;[+khu ;gh oks nks eqd+ílks&eksgrje tekv~rsa gSa

ftuds t+fj;s bLyke lkjs tgk¡ esa igq¡pk-myek&vks&lwfQ+;k viuh ft+nxh dk eD+lns vOoyha nkors&byy&gd+

le>rs Fks- oks tgk¡ bl Q+jht+k&,&gd+ dh vatkengh esa e'kX+kwy jgs-bt+gkjs gd+ks&lnkd+r] vez&fcyek:Q+] ugh&vfuyeqUdj ls mudks unqfu;k dh lYrursa [+kkSQ+t+nk dj ldha] u nkSyrks&dljr us muds bjknksadks det+ksj fd;k- nkors gd+ dk ,d u'kk Fkk ftlesa oks lj'kkj Fks- ;gh,d pht+ Fkh ftlus mUgsa nqfu;k ds gj fgLls esa igq¡pk;k vkSj dke;kcfd;k- tc rd bl eqd+íl fxjksg ds vQ+jkn esa ;s oyoyk&,&vEy jgkvius vkSj csxkus muds nkeu ls okcLrk jgs] ftl fnu ls ;s tT+ck&,&nhuhdet+ksj gqvk] vnckjks&udcr us eqlyekuksa dks ?ksjk- vkt Hkh vxj gekjsvUnj ekt+h dh 'kku iSnk gks tk, vkSj vd+oky (rd+jhj) ds vykokveyh dSfQ+;kr :uqek gksa rks fQj ogh jax iSnk gks ldrk gS-vez&fcyek:Q+ o ugh vfuyeqUdj dh vgfe;r (vgknhl)&ßd+le gS mldh ftlds d+Ct+s esa esjh tku gS] rqedks pkfg;s fd usd dkedk gqDe djks vkSj cqjkbZ ls euk djks] ojuk v+ud+jhc [+kqnk rqe ij viukvt+kc Hkstsxk] rqe ml oD+r nqvk djksxs xj d+qcwy u gksxhÞ- (tkesv~frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2169)

eqckjd Fks oks gt+jkr ftUgksaus vezfcyek:Q+ o ugh&vfuyeqUdj dsfy;s viuh vt+ht+ tkusa d+qckZu dj nha- D;k bl elys esa gesa viusbLykQ+ ds dqN dkjukes ;kn gSa\ gt+jr l¸;nuk beke vgen fcu gacyo gt+jr l¸;nuk bekes vkt+e jft+;Yykgq vUgqek vkSj vkids [+kqyQ+k&eqrCcbZu dh eqckjd ft+fUnx;k¡ gd+ks&lnkd+r nkor byy gd+ dk oksuewuk nqfu;k, bYe ds lkeus NksM+ xbZa fd thrh nqfu;k rd blds uqd+w'k


185

ckd+h jgsaxs-eqgfílhu] Q+qd+gk] myek] lwfQ+;k jgerqYykfg vySfge vtebZu ds

vglkukr nqfu;k Q+jkeks'k ugha dj ldrh] ysfdu mudh lokusg g;kriqdkj&iqdkj dj dg jgh gSa& ßvxj gekjs lkFk rqedks lgh fuLcrs X+kqykehgS rks oks rjhd+s bf[+r;kj djks ftu ij pydj geus cgjks&cj dks fgykMkyk] rqEgkjk d+kSy veyh lwjr ds lkFk t+kfgj gksÞ-

dq+jvku djhe vkSj vgknhls ucfo;k Q+t+kby myek&vks&vEy lsycjst+ gSa] exj bu Q+t+kby ds feLnkd+ oks gSa ftuds gkykrs ft+Unxhdq+jvkuh uqD+rk&,&ut+j vkSj Q+jkehu ckjxkgs fjlkyr ds eqokfQ+d+ gksa-gekjs gkykr rks mu yksxksa ds eqrkfcd+ gksrs tk jgs gSa ftuds fy;s Q+jek;kx;k& (rtZqek)

(1) ßrqe yksxksa dks usd dke dk gqDe djrs gks vkSj vius u¶+ldks Hkqyk nsrs gksÞ- (lwjg cd+jg% 44)(2) ß,slh ckr D;ksa dgrs gks tks [+kqn ugha djrs] [+kqnk dks oksckr gn ntkZ ukilUn gS fd dgdj vEy u djksÞ- (lwjg lQ+%2]3)flQ+Z bu nks vk;kr dks lkeus j[kdj ge viuh ft+Unxh ds xks'kksa dk

eqrkYvk dj tk,¡ vkSj fQj Q+Slyk djsa fd ge D;k gSa\vxys tks dqN djrs Fks mldh x+jt+ [+kqnk dh jt+k Fkh] vkt gekjh

gj lbZ dh x+jt+ nqfu;k vkSj blds Q+okbn gSa- oks ,d gnhl dh ryk'kesa lSdM+ksa efUt+ysa r; dj Mkyrs] vkt gesa dYek&,&gd+ ds fy;s viuhcLrh esa pyuk fQjuk nq'okj gks jgk gS] oks enhus ls nkors gd+ ds fy;sphu tkuk dksbZ ckr u le>rs gSa] d+ne&d+ne ij vokfjt+ks&eqf'dykr?ksj ysrh gSa- mudk bYe f[+kners [+kYd+ ds fy;s Fkk] vkt gekjk Q+T+ynqfu;k esa uke&vks&uewn] dLcs&nkSyr] gqlwys bT+t+rks&eUlcs tkg ds fy;soD+Q+ gS- mudh ckjxkgs bYe esa nqfu;k ds lykrhuks rktnkj xnZusa >qdkdjgkt+jh dks lvknrs nhuh o m[+kjoh le>rs Fks- vkt gekjk lc ls cM+k,t+kt+ ;s gS fd rktnkjkus oD+r dks t+ehj Q+jks'kh dj ds viuh rjQ+ekby djsa rkfd nkSyrks&ljek;s dh jkgsa iSnk gksa-ftl bYe ls Q+d+r nqfu;k eD+lwn gks mldk gky&

ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ,slk bYe ftlls vYykg dh jt+k


186

ryc dh tkrh gS egt+ blfy;s lh[ks fd nqfu;k dk vlckcgkfly djs] oks d+;ker ds fnu tUur dh [+kq'cw u lw¡?kldsxkÞ- (lquu vcwnkÅn] gnhl ua0 3664)

ftl bYe ls fdlh dks Q+k;nk u igq¡ps mldk gky&(1) ßgt+jr vch nqnkZ jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa d+;ker ds fnu[+kqnk ds uT+nhd yksxksa esa lcls cqjk oks vkfye gksxk ftlds bYels fdlh dks Q+k;nk u igq¡psÞ- (lquu nkjeh% ft-1] lq-93)(2) ßgt+jr bCus elwn jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k gj uch dh mEer esa ls igys ftuesaoks ecÅl (iSnk) gqvk mlds ;kjks&ennxkj Fks tks mldk rjhd+kbf[+r;kj djrs vkSj muds gqDe dh iSjoh djrs] fQj muds cknmuds uk[+kyQ+ iSnk gq, oks yksxksa ls ml pht+ ds fy;s dgrsftls [+kqn u djrs vkSj ftldk gqDe mudks u fd;k x;k mlsdjrs- rks tks 'k[+l muls vius gkFk ls ftgkn djs il okseksfeu gS vkSj tks viuh t+cku ls ftgkn djs oks eksfeu gS vkSjtks muls vius d+Yc ls ftgkn djs il oks eksfeu gS vkSj ughagS blds flok bZeku jkbZ ds nkus ds cjkcjÞ- (lgh eqfLye]gnhl ua0 50)(3) ßgt+jr T+;kn fcu gnhj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gt+jrmej jft+;Yykgq vUgq us muls Q+jek;k D;k rw tkurk gS D;kpht+ bLyke dks fxjk nsrh gS\ dgk ugha] vkius Q+jek;k fdbLyke dh cqU;kn dks myek dk fQlyuk (fQlyus ls eqjknmyek dk vokfejks&uokgh rdZ djuk gS) vkSj equkfQ+d+ dkdq+jvku ikd ls >xM+uk vkSj xqejkg ljnkjksa dk vgdkensukÞ- (lquu nkjeh] ft-1] lq- 82)(4) ßgt+jr l¸;nuk vy jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwjlYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k d+jhc esa yksxksa ij ,slkt+ekuk vk,xk bLyke ckd+h u jgsxk exj mldk uke vkSj uckd+h jgsxk dq+jvku exj mldh jLe (;gk¡ jLe ls eqjknrtohn gq:Q+ vkSj y¶+t+ksa dks cx+Sj le>s gq, i<+uk gS) mudhefLtnsa ct+kfgj vkckn gksaxh vkSj gd+hd+r esa [+kjkc gksaxh (;kuh


187

efLtnksa esa yksx rks tek gksaxs exj mudks bYes nhu ox+Sjk dknlZ u fn;k tk,xk) myek dh fgnk;r ls tks vkleku ds uhpscnrjhu [+kykbd+ ls gksaxs fudysxk muesa fQ+ruk vkSj oks mu ghesa ykSVsxkÞ- ('kqv~cqy bZeku% ft-2] lq-311)

T+kqgnks rd+ok dk izksiSxs.Mk (fn[kkok) djus okys& bl ubZrgt+hc ds t+ekus esa gj pht+ dk izksiSxs.Ms ls rkYyqd+ dj fn;k x;k gS-dqN cnulhc ,sls Hkh gSa ftudh bcknr T+kqgnks&rd+ok] vkekys gt ox+Sjkdk izksiSxs.Mk djus ds fy;s ,tsaV eqd+jZj gSa vkSj oks [+kqn Hkh yksxksa ds lkeusfj;kdkjh ds vknh gSa] ,sls vQ+jkn ds eqrkfYyd+ Q+jekrs gSa%&

ßgqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l viusvkeky yksxksa dks lquk, rks e[+kywd+ ds dkuksa esa [+kqnk igq¡pk,xkfd ;s 'k[+l fj;kdkj gS vkSj mldks gd+hjks t+yhy dj nsxkÞ-('kqv~cqy bZeku% ft-5] lq-331)

fj;kdkj vkfcn vks T+kqgkn&(1) ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgqvySfg olYye us Q+jek;k vkf[+kj t+ekus esa ,sls yksx fudysaxstks nqfu;k dks nhu ls ryc djsaxs] yksxksa ds fn[kkus vkSj uehZ dsbt+gkj fy;s nqacs ds peM+s igusaxs] mudh t+cku 'kdj ls T+;knkehBh gksxh exj muds d+qywc HksfM+;ksa dh rjg gksaxsÞ- (tkesv~frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 2404)(2) ßFkksM+k lk fj;k Hkh f'kdZ gSÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhlua0 5328] lquu bCus ektg] gnhl ua0 3989)(3) ß[+kqnk mu usdwdkj ijgst+xkjksa dks nksLr j[krk gS ftudsgky [+kqYd+ ls iks'khnk gSaÞ- (fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua05328] lquu bCus ektg] gnhl ua0 3989)

gekjk rjhd+k&,&nkor D;k gks& eqlyekuksa dks ftl pht+ ls l[+ruqd+lku igq¡p jgk gS oks gekjk x+yr rjhd+k&,&dkj gS- nkbZ ds fy;sykT+eh gS fd oks [+kq'kxq¶+rkj Hkh gks] mldk rjhd+k&,&dyke lkQ+ vkSjfnyu'khu] rkjht+kr ls ikdks&lkQ+ gks] oks viuksa vkSj csxkuksa esa vPNsv[+kykd+ ds lkFk lkeus vk,] vokfejks&uokgh] egjekrs 'kjb;k ('kjhv~rdh gjke dh gqbZ pht+sa)] gqnwns bykfg;k eas iwjh vkt+knh&vks&d+qOor ls dke


188

ys] flcks&f'kre (xkyh&xyksp) ls cprk jgs- bl ckc esa dq+jvku gdheus lkQ+ rkSj ij Q+jek fn;k%&

ß[+kqnk ds jkLrs dh rjQ+ vPNh ulhgr ds lkFk cqykvks vkSjcsgrj rjhd+s ls cgl djksÞ- (lwjg ugy% 125)

rD+lhedkj& ftu vd+oke esa rD+lhedkj dk mlwy (ftls bLyke gh usis'k fd;k Fkk) ekStwn gS] muds reke dke tkjh gSa- gekjk vkye ;g gSfd ftl ,d gaxkeh rgjhd dh rjQ+ eSykus rcv~ gqvk lkjh dh lkjhd+kSe bl rjg eqroTtg gks tkrh gS fd nwljs vge ls vge 'kkscs ukfd+ljg tkrs gSa- fQj ;s fd gj oks dke tks gekjs nk;jk&,&vEy vkSj d+qOorls ckgj gS ;k ftlds fy;s ge ls t+k;n ekST+kw¡ vQ+jkn ekStwn gSa] viuhd+;knrks jguqekbZ ds tquwu esa mUgsa ils iq'r Mky dj vkxs c<+rs gSa ftldhotg ls vkilh >xM+ksa dks c<+kok feyrk gS] vxj ;gh pht+ ekcgqUut+kv~(ftldh otg ls >xM+k iSnk gksrk) gS rks csgrj lwjr ;s gks ldrh gS fdrgjhdkr dk ,d uD+'kk rS;kj dj fy;k tk, vkSj gYd+k&tkr rD+lhegksdj ,syku gks tk, fd Q+yk¡&Q+yk¡ mewj Q+yk¡ tekv~r vatke nsxh] vxjoks tekv~r gd+hd+r esa vius Q+jkbt+ dekgD+d+gw (iwjh bZekunkjh ls)vatke nsus dh lykfg;r iSnk dj ys rks fQj bf[+rykQ+kr dh xqatkb'k ghugha jgrh-

ge esa dqN yksx rks rQ+D+d+ksg&fQ+íhu nlksZ&rnjhl ds fy;s eqv¸;u gksavkSj dqN ,sls gksa tks viuh ft+Unxh nkors byy gd+ b'kkv~rs nhu ds fy;soD+Q+ dj nsa] dqN oks gksa tks eqtkfgnkuk gkyr ds lkFk gd+ks&ckfry dseqd+kcys ds fy;s eSnkus vey esa vk,¡- mlwy lcds okfgn gksa] rjhd+k&,&dkjeq[+rfyQ+ gks] ,d nwljs dh jkg esa #dkoV u cusa- bl rD+lhedkj dsmlwy dks dqjvku ethn us bl rjg t+kfgj Q+jek;k%&ßD;ksa u mudh tekv~r esa ls dqN yksx ,sls fudysa tks nhu esa le> iSnkdjsa vkSj viuh d+kSe dks Mjk,¡Þ- (lwjg rkSck% 122)

vkt vxj ge dq+jvkuh vgdke ds ekrgr rD+lhedkj ds t+jhZamlwy ij vEy iSjk gksa rks eqLrd+fcy d+jhc esa 'kkunkj urkbt iSnk gksldrs gSa-

q q q


189

enkfjl o [+kkud+kgksa dk fuT+kkes veyrcyhx+ks&b'kkv~rs nhu ds fy;s gekjs enkfjl o [+kkud+kgksa us tks

vehd+ f[+knekr vatke nha] rkjh[+k mldh 'kkfgn gS- myek&vks&e'kkb[+khu

gh Fks ftUgksaus nqfu;k ds gj fgLlk&,&eqYd esa igq¡p dj bLyke dh nkor

nh vkSj vius oyoyk&,&vEy vkSj eqtkfgnkr ls nqfu;k dks eql[+[+kj dj

Mkyk- oks ukeks&uewn ls nwj gd+ks lnkd+r] [+kywlks fyYykfg;r dk uewuk

Fks-

mudh [+kkud+kgksa esa :gkuh vkSj et+gch rjfc;r nh tkrh] 'kkfxnksZa ls

'knhn rjhu fj;kt+rsa djkbZ tkrha rkfd eqtkfgnkr ds vknh gksdj bLyke

dh f[+kner esa gj eqlhcr cjnk'r dj ldsa- ,d ekSd+s ij gt+jr

l¸;nqÙkkbQ+k tquSn cx+nknh jg0v0 us Q+jek;k%& ßgekjs ;gk¡ f[+kjd+s dk

,rckj ugha] cfYd ,rckj [+kqn dks tyk nsus dk gSÞ-

bu gt+jkr ds 'kkfxnksZa dks ml oD+r rd f[+kd+kZ&,&f[+kykQ+r u fn;k

tkrk tc rd oks vius otwn dks b'd+s bykgh esa Q+uk u dj nsrs- ftl

oD+r ;s tekv~rs :gkuh mywe dh rdehy dj ysrh vkSj 'ks[+k dh ut+j

esa ;s gt+jkr eqdEey gks tkrs rks ,d&,d fgLlk&,&eqYd nkorks&rCyhx+

ds fy;s eqd+jZj Q+jek dj jokuk fd;k tkrk- fQj ;s :gkuh eqvfYyehu

tgk¡ igq¡prs mudh ft+Unxh dk ed+ln flQ+Z f[+kners [+kYd+ Fkk- u rks

mUgksaus vius eqjhnSu dks tYcs eqfUQ+v~r (Q+k;nk gkfly djus) dk t+fj;k

cuk;k] u mudks cqyUn bekjrksa] egykrs 'kkgh dk 'kkSd+ Fkk- oks viuh

deyh vkSj VwVh >ksiM+h esa ckn'kkgr djrs Fks-

vkt Hkh bu gt+jkr dh :gsa viuh viuh vkjkexkgksa esa jgdj #'nks

fgnk;r Q+jek jgh gSa] ysfdu tks muds uke ysok gSa oks vius tknk&,&fgnk;r

ls dkslksa nwj gSa- dk'k gekjs lwfQ+;k, fdjke dh eksgrje tekv~r vius


190

vge Q+jkbt+ ij x+kSj djs vkSj [+kkud+kgksa esa d+nhe fut+kes vEy tkjh djs

rks vkt gekjh d+kSe dgk¡ ls dgk¡ igq¡p tk,xh- ryck, :gkuh tek fd;s

tk,¡] [+kqyQ+k&vks&eqjhnSu dks lYQ+ (cqT+kqxkZus nhu) dh rkyhekr nsdj

#'nks&fgnk;r ds fy;s ,d&,d xks'ks esa QSyk fn;k tk,] vxj gekjh

[+kkud+kgsa b'kkv~rs nhu ds fy;s eqrgfjZd gks tk,¡ rks fQj d+yhy vlsZ esa

muds urkbt csgrj ls csgrj :uqek gks ldrs gSa-

,jklks&egkfQ+y ox+Sjk esa vdkfcjs vkSfy;k vYykg dh [+kqnk ijLrh]

[+kf'k;rs bykgh] brkv~rs ucoh] f[+kners [+kYd+ ds dkjukes lquk, tk,¡]

egt+ d'Q+ks&djkekr gh ij rd+kjhj egnwn u j[kh tk,¡ cfYd bu

gt+jkr dh ft+Unxh ds reke xks'ks eqjhnSuks eksv~rfd+nhu ds lkeus is'k

fd;s tk,¡ rkfd eqnkZ d+qywc esa g;krs ukS iSnk gks- eqtkfgnkrks fj;kt+r ds

rjhd+ksa dh rkyhe nh tk,- eqjhnSuks [+kqyQ+k dks lknxh&vks&bZlkj f[+kners

d+kSeh o et+gch dk vknh cuk;k tk,- ;gh oks eqckjd ed+kfln Fks ftu

ij lcd+ e'kk;[+khus fdckj us vey Q+jek;k-

q q q


191

bLyke dk frtkjrh fuT+kkebLyke us ftl rjg bcknkrks ,rd+kfn;kr eqd+jZj Q+jek,] blh rjg

bUlku dh nqfu;oh ft+Unxh dke;kc cukus ds fy;s dLcs evk'k frtkjr

dks t+:jh d+jkj fn;k rkfd bUlku vikfgt vkSj cs vEy gksdj u cSB

tk,- frtkjr tSls olhv~ 'kkscs ds fy;s gt+jr [+kRe ejrcr :gh ygqy

fQ+nk lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us bLyke esa eqLrfd+y vcokc d+kbe dha

vkSj [+kqn viuh g;krs 'kjhQ+k vkSj #Q+d+k,&dkj dh frtkjrh ft+Unxh

is'k Q+jekdj nqfu;k dks bl gd+hd+r ls vkxkg dj fn;k fd ftl Q+sv~y

dks eSa vkSj esjs lgkck bf[+r;kj djsa oks rqEgkjs fy;s ykbd+s rd+yhnks vEy

gS-

fcyk 'kqck nqfu;k esa vkt ogh d+kSe ft+Unk jgus dh eqLrfgd+ gS

ftlds vUnj frtkjr lUv~rks&gQ+Zr ds lkeku ekStwn gksa- vkt vxj

eqlyeku viuh rkjh[+k dk eqrkYvk djsa rks mudks ekywe gksxk nqfu;k dk

oks dkSulk fgLlk Fkk tgk¡ muds vLykQ+ frtkjr djrs gq, u igq¡ps vkSj

frtkjr ds gj 'kkscs dks vius gkFk esa u fy;k- il vkt frtkjr ds is'ks

dks t+yhy le>uk fgekd+rks ftgkyr gS- eqlyekuksa dk Q+t+Z gS fd oks

esgurks&bZekunkjh ds lkFk viuh t+:fj;kr ds fy;s gj 'kgj o d+Lcs esa

frtkjrh 'kksck tkr d+kbe djsa vkSj fdlh is'ks dks bf[+r;kj djus esa

,grjkt+ u djsa-

frtkjr ds eqrkfYyd+ vk;kr o vgknhl&dq+jvku djhe us Q+ dqyw feEek j&t+&d+&dqeqYykgk g+ykyu rf¸;cu

(lwjg ugy% 114) bj'kkn Q+jek;k ftl ls lkQ+ rkSj ij ekywe gks x;k

fd [+kqnk, ikd Hkh mlh fjT+d+ dks ilUn Q+jekrk gS tks dLcs gyky vkSj

ikd dekbZ ls gkfly fd;k tk,-


192

d+qjvku djhe esa frtkjr ds eq[+rfyQ+ igyw t+kfgj fd;s x, gSa-

bUlku dh jkst+ejkZ ft+Unxh esa vehj] x+jhc lcdks x+Yys ls rkYyqd+ jgrk

gS] fygkt+k ,slh nQ+vkr eqd+jZj dh xbZa ftUgsa bf[+r;kj djus ds ckn

rkftj dke;kc gks ldsa- frtkjr dk lcls cM+k mlwy ftls bLyke us is'k

fd;k oks lPpkbZ o bZekunkjh gS- eky ftl dSfQ+;rks gkyr esa gks eq'rjh

([+kjhnkj) dks mlls eqÙkyk dj dj Q+jks[+r fd;k tk,-

nkSjs vOoy esa Hkh dqN ,sls x+Yyk Q+jks'k Fks tks vktdy dh rjg uki

rksy esa bZekunkjh ls dke ugha ysrs Fks] blfy;s dq+jvku djhe us f'kír

ls bl d+chg Qs+v~y (cqjs dkeksa) dks jksdus dh nQ+vkr eqd+jZj dha-

vk;kr&(1) ßbUlkQ+ ds lkFk iwjh iwjh uki rksy djksÞ-

(lwjg vuvke% 153)

(2) ßuki rksy esa deh u fd;k djksÞ- (lwjg gwn% 84)

(3) ßyksxksa dks mudh pht+sa de u fn;k djksÞ- (lwjg gwn% 85)

(4) ßbUlkQ+ ds lkFk lh/kh rksy rksyks vkSj de u rksykÞ-

(lwjg jgeku% 9)

(5) ßde nsus okyksa dh cM+h rckgh gS fd yksxksa ls ;s rksy dj

ysa rks iwjk ysa vkSj tc mudks uki&rksydj nsa rks de nsaÞ-

(lwjg vÙkrhQ+% 1&3)

d+T+kZnkj dks eksgyr& frtkjrh flyflys esa d+t+Z dk flyflykykT+ek&,&frtkjr gS blds cx+Sj ugha py ldrh- d+qjvku gdhe o

bj'kknkrs ucfo;k esa txg txg bldh rkdhnkr Q+jekbZ xbZa] ysfdu ftl

d+nj fgLls ge ntZ dj jgs gSa rkftj ls eqrkfYyd+ gSa- ,d oks igyw Hkh

gS ftldk rkYyqd+ [+kjhnus okys ls gS] bLyke us [+kjhnkjksa ds fy;s mlwy

eqd+jZj Q+jek fn;s- vxj rkftj ds fy;s t+:jh gS fd oks t+cku dk lPpk]

bZekunkj] [+kjhnkj dh fjvk;r djus okyk gks mlh ds lkFk [k+jhnus okyksa

dks Hkh crk fn;k x;k fd oks oD+r ij oknk iwjk djsa-

lwn dh ykur vkSj mldh vknr us fet+kt dks ;gk¡ rd [+kjkc dj

fn;k gS fd eqvf¸;uk vkSd+kr esa vnk;xh t+:jh ugha le>rs- ufc;ksa dh


193

d+kSe viuh ljek;snkjh vkSj lwnh dkjksckj ls venu cjlksa [+keks'kh ls

xqt+kj nsrh gS] ysfdu eqlyeku viuh bfCrnkbZ frtkjr esa m/kkj flLVe

dks nwljksa dh rjg fdlh gkyr esa ugha pyk ldrs- eqlyeku [+kjhnkjksa dk

d+kSeh o et+gch Q+jht+k gS fd oks vius vUnj d+kSeh vglkl iSnk dj dj

vius Hkkb;ksa ds dkjksckj esa enn igq¡pk,¡ vkSj oD+r ij #dw+e dh vnk;xh

dk bfUrt+ke djsa-

dLcs evk'k o frtkjr ds Q+T+kkby (vgknhl)&(1) ßgt+jr jkQ+s fcu [+knht jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls nj;k¶+r fd;k x;k dkSu lk dLc

vQ+t+y gS\ Q+jek;k bUlku ds gkFk dh dekbZ vkSj gj oks

frtkjr tks nq#Lr gks (vkSj mlesa >wV vkSj [+k;kur u gks)Þ-

(eqLuns vgen] ft-28] lq-502)

vg;kmy mywe esa gS&

(2) ßfrtkjr t+:j djks] blesa fjT+d+ dk 9@10 fgLlk gSÞ-

(vg;k, myweqíhu] ft-2] lq-35)

(3) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k gyky jkst+h dh ryk'k Q+t+Z gS] ckn

Q+t+Z (uekt+] jkst+k) dsÞ- (lquu dqcjk] ft-6] lq-128)

eqfLye esa cfjok;r gt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq ,d rohy gnhl

ejoh gS ftlds vYQ+kt+ ;s gSa%&

(4) ßvYykg ikd gS ikd gh pht+ dks dq+cwy Q+jekrk gS- mlus

eqlyekuksa dks ogh gqDe fn;k tks jlwyksa dks fn;kÞ- (lgh


(5) ßgt+jr vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k rqEgkjk lc ls ikd [kkuk

vius dLc ls gSÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0 1358)

(6) ßgt+jr vch lbZn [+kqnjh jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftlus gyky [kk;k vkSj

rjhd+k&,&lqUur ij vEy fd;k vkSj yksx mldh T+;knrh ls


194

veu esa jgs rks oks tUur esa nkf[+ky gksxkÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h]

gnhl ua0 2520)

(7) ßgt+jr ed+nke fcu ev~n ;djc jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh

gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ugha [kk;k fdlh

us dksbZ [kkuk dHkh csgrj ml ls fd vius gkFk ds dLc ls

[kk,- cs'kd [+kqnk ds uch gt+jr nkÅn vySfgLlyke vius gkFk

dh dekbZ ls [kkrs FksÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 2072)

bZekunkj rkftjksa dk erZck&ßgt+jr vch lbZn jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k lPpk vkSj vekurnkj lkSnkxj

vafc;k&vks&flíhd+hu o 'kksgnk ds lkFk gksxkÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h]

gnhl ua0 1209)

frtkjr esa ckr&ckr ij d+le [kkus dh eqekfuv~r&ßgt+jr vch d+rknk jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k frtkjr esa T+;knk d+le [kku ls

ijgst+ djks] D;ksafd oks ml oD+r rks eky Q+jks[+r djk nsrh gS

ysfdu fQj uqd+lku nsrh gSÞ- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 4126)

frtkjr vkSj gqLus eqvkeyr& frtkjr dk dke;kc mlwy ;s Hkh gSfd rkftj eqvkeykr esa [+kwch o uehZ ls dke ys- vkt oks yksx tks

frtkjrh dkjksckj esa v[+kykd+ ls dke ysrs gSa c eqd+kcyk f'kír djus

okyksa ds T+;knk dke;kc gSa vkSj gd+hd+r esa ;s mlwy bLyke gh dk fl[kk;k

gqvk gS- pqukaps Q+jekrs gSa%&

ßgt+jr tkfcj fcu vCnqYykg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k [+kqnk ml ij jge djs

tks cSv~ (Q+jks[+kr) djus vkSj [+kjhnus vkSj rd+kt+k djus esa

vklkuh djrk gksÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 2076)

m/kkj lkSnk ysuk vkSj d+T+kZnkj dks eksgyr nsus dh fgnk;kr&m/kkj lkSnk ysrs oD+r eqír dk rd+#Zj lkQ+ lkQ+ r; gksuk pkfg;s]

cx+Sj eqír eqd+jZj fd;s gq, 'kjv~u cSv~ nq#Lr ugha ctqt+ rS;kj'kqnk


195

edku ds fd mldh cSv~ ds oD+r nhokj Nr ox+Sjk lc 'kkfey gS ;k blh

rjg dh vkSj pUn lwjrsa- m/kkj ds ekeys esa dq+jvku djhe dh rkyhe

fcYdqy lkQ+ vkSj okt+sg gS- pquk¡ps Q+jek;k x;k%&

ßvxj dksbZ raxnLr (rqEgkjk ed+:t+ gks) rks Q+jk[+kh (mlds

ikl iSlk vkus) rd eksgyr nksÞ- (lwjg cd+jg% 280)

gqT+kwjs vuoj :gh ygqy fQ+nk lYyYykgq vySfg olYye Q+jekrs gSa%&


vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ,d rkftj yksxksa ls d+t+Z dk ekeyk

djrk Fkk mldk nLrwj Fkk tc fdlh dks raxnLr ns[krk rks

vius dkfjUnksa ls dgrk fd mls ekQ+ dj nks 'kk;n [+kqnk gesa

ekQ+ djs pqukaps [+kqnk us mldk d+qlwj dk ekQ+ dj fn;kÞ- (lgh

cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 208)

tks d+T+kZ ysdj okil u djsa muds fy;s obZn&ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye ls fjok;r djrs gSa vki lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us

Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l yksxksa ds eky (c fu;r vnk, d+t+Z) ysrk gS

[+kqnk mlls vnk djk nsrk gS vkSj tks eky gt+e djus dh x+jt+

ls ysrk gS [+kqnk ml eky dks gykd dj nsrk gSÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh]

gnhl ua0 2387)

frtkjr dk muoku ,d ,slk olhv~ muoku gS fd bl fjlkys esa

mldh rQ+lhykr dk ntZ djuk cotg t+[+kkers fdrkc eqefdu ugha-

vkf[+kj esa ge bLyke dh bl fgnk;r dks fQj nksgjkuk pkgrs gSa fd

bLyke us ck, o eq'rjh (cspus o [+kjhnus okys) nksuksa ds fy;s vyx&vyx

fgnk;kr nha] cspus okys ds fy;s t+:jh d+jkj fn;k fd oks lPpkbZ]

n;kurnkjh ds lkFk frtkjr djs] fdlh dks eky esa /kksdk u ns] eky dh

tks gkyr gks mlls [+kjhnkj dks okfd+Q+ dj ns vkSj [+kjhnkj iwjh rjg

vkxkg gks tkus ds ckn ekeyk djs- u rks rkftj gh dks ;s pkfg;s fd oks

,d oD+r esa T+;knk ls T+;knk uQ+k ,d gh 'k[+l ls gkfly djs (vxjps

mldks viuh pht+ dh d+her rtoht+ djus dk bf[+r;kj gS) vkSj u


196

[+kjhnkj gh [+oke[+okg rkftj dks rax djs- bl bfD+rlknh rckgh ds nkSj

esa vxj pUn iSlksa dh T+;knrh Hkh eqlyeku rkftj ds gk¡ gks rks mlh ls

[+kjhnuk equkflc gS-

xnkxjh vkSj dLcs gyky& cnfd+Lerh ls gekjs eqYd dh bfD+rlknho frtkjrh rckgh us xnkxjh dks ,d eqLrfd+y is'kk cuk fn;k gS- ftuds

?kjksa esa ekyks&nkSyr tek gS oks Hkh xnkxjh dks vtc&vtc rjhd+ksa ls

bf[+r;kj fd;s gq, gSa- xnkxjksa dh tekv~r okys vk, fnu ftl fd+Le ds

tqekZsa dk bfrZdkc djrs gSa muls gj t+h gks'k ck[+kcj gS- bLyke us bl

xnkxjh ds eqrkfYyd+ l[+r ls l[+r d+okuhu tkjh fd;s- ;gk¡ muoku ds

ekrgr cq[+kkjh dh flQ+Z ,d gh gnhl 'kjhQ+ ntZ dh tkrh gS%&

ßcs'kd ;s ckr rqe esa dksbZ 'k[+l viuh ihB ij ydfM+;ksa dk

xëk ykns blls csgrj gS fd fdlh ls loky djsÞ-


bLyke dk eD+ln ;s gS fd oks eqlyeku dks [+kqn vius gkFk dh jkst+h

dekus dk vknh cukrk gS- dLcs gyky ds fy;s fdlh fd+Le dk tkbt+ is'kk

djs oks mlds fy;s ckbls cjdr vkSj [+kqnk dh [+kq'kuwnh dk lcc gksxk-

bl t+ekus esa gekjs vUnj dqN ,sls yksx Hkh gSa tks NksVs&NksVs dkeksa ;k is'ks

dh otg ls mUgsa derj le>rs gSa- ge bl flyflys esa xqft+'rk vkSjkd+

esa eqrvfín vgknhl ntZ dj vk, gSa mudk bvknk t+:jh ugha- bl ekSd+s

ij gt+jr l¸;nk vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk dh oks gnhl ikd

d+kfcys ulhgr gS ftlesa vki Q+jekrh gSa&

ß;kuh gqT+kwjs vuoj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye (coD+rs t+:jr)

viuh ukv~ySu eqckjd xkaB ysrs vkSj viuk diM+k lh ysrsÞ-

(fe'dkrqy elkchg] gnhl ua0 5822)

;s eqckjd gnhl 'kjhQ+ gj eqlyeku ds lkeus jguk pkfg;s- ;s lc

is'ks bUlku dh xqt+j vkSd+kr ds fy;s eqd+jZj fd;s x, gSa-

fQ+T+kwy [+kfpZ;ksa dh eqekfuv~r& vke rkSj ij ns[kk tkrk gS fdfrtkjrh dkjksckj esa rjD+d+h 'kq: gksrs gh gekjk gkFk fQ+T+kwy [+kfpZ;ksa esa

olhv~ gksrk gS- tkbt+ks&uktkbt+ b[+kjktkr dk dksbZ loky gekjs lkeus


197

ugha jgrk- 'kknh&C;kg dh fQ+T+kwy jLeksa] ukeks&uewn] ,s'kijLrh] [+okfg'kkrs

uQ+lkuh ij frtkjr dk reke uQ+k cjckn dj nsrs gSa- vkenuh ls T+;knk

[+kpZ gksrk gS vkSj bLyke dh oks lknxh vkSj E;kukjoh ftldks bf[+r;kj

djus ds ckn eqlyekuksa us rjD+d+h dh Fkh vkt mlds NksM+us ls cjckn gks

jgs gSa- gekjs nkSyreUn rkftjksa dks iwjh ,gfr;kr ls nkSyr lQ+Z djuh

pkfg, tks nkSyr gjke pht+ksa ij [+kpZ gksrh gS- dk'k! mldk ,d pkSFkkbZ

fgLlk Hkh d+kSeh o et+gch t+:fj;kr ij [+kpZ fd;k tk, rks vtzks& lokc

ds lkFk d+kSe dh fdruh vge t+:jrsa iwjh gksa- ge viuh nkSyr cstk rkSj

ij lQ+Z djrs gSa- fdlh t+ekus esa gt+jkr lgkck fjt+okuqYykfg vySfge

vtebZu viuh nkSyr dks bLyke dh t+:fj;kr ij T+;knk ls T+;knk lQ+Z

djrs Fks- ;gh rjhd+s vkt nwljh d+kSeksa esa tkjh gSa blh fy;s mudh

rgjhdkr dke;kc gks jgh gSa-

oks phT+ksa ftudh frtkjr euk gS& bl nkSj esa nwljksa dh ns[kk ns[khgyky o gjke dk bfEr;kt+ Hkh feVk;k tk jgk gS] gkykafd bLyke us

frtkjr ds fut+kes vEy esa bls Hkh okt+sg dj fn;k fd fdl pht+ dh

frtkjr nq#Lr gS vkSj fdl dh uktkbt+ks&gjke- ;gk¡ felky ds rkSj ij

ge pUn pht+ksa dk c;ku djrs gSa%&


vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k yksxksa ij ,slk t+ekuk vk,xk fd

vkneh bldh ijokg u djsxk fd eky ysxk vkSj ;s u [+k;ky

djsxk fd ;s eky gyky gS ;k gjkeÞ-


X+kYys dh frtkjr ds fy;s fgnk;kr&(1) ßgt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l x+Yyk [+kjhns] tc rd

mldk d+Ct+k u gks tk, csps ughaÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0

2126] lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 3836] 3840)


vySfg olYye dk x+Yys ds ,d <sj ij xqt+j gqvk] vki


198

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us ml ij gkFk ekjdj ns[kk rks vki

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh mafXy;ksa esa rjh eglwl gqbZ- vki

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k x+Yys okys ;s D;k gS\

mlus dgk ;k jlwyqYykg! eSaus rj ugha fd;k cfYd ckfj'k ls

rj gks x;k gS- Q+jek;k rwus Hkhxs gq, x+Yys dks Åij D;ksa u

j[kk rkfd yksx mls ns[k ysrs- tks 'k[+l /kksdk ns oks esjs rjhd+s

ij ughaÞ- (lgh eqfLye] gnhl ua0 284)

bCus ektg dh ,d gnhl oklyk fcu vld+k ls ejoh gS fd gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k%&

(3) ßtks 'k[+l ,scnkj pht+ Q+jks[+r djs vkSj [+kjhnkj dks

vkxkg u djs oks ges'kk [+kqnk ds vt+kc esa eqfCryk jgsxk vkSj

ml ij Q+fj'rs ges'kk ykur djs jgsaxsÞ- (lquu bCus ektg]

gnhl ua0 2247)

gktr ls T+;knk ikuh ij ehVj yxkus okyksa ds fy;s lkQ+ oljhg fgk;r& ckt+&ckt+ txg bl rjD+d+h ;k¶+rk t+ekus esa uyksa dsikuh ij VSDl ds vykok ehVj yxk, tkus dh rtkoht+ t+sjs&x+kSjks vEy

gSa- vkt ls pkSng lkS cjl d+Cy gkfn;s vkye lYyYykgq vySfg olYye

bj'kkn Q+jek x,%&


vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k gktr ls T+;knk ikuh ls yksxksa dks

euk u djks] D;ksafd rqEgkjk euk djuk pkjs vkSj ?kkl ls euk

djus dk lcc gksxkÞ- (lgh cq[+kkjh] gnhl ua0 2354] lgh


eeuwvkr& blh rjg vgknhl esa tkuojksa dh cSv~ esa bl dke ls eukQ+jek;k fd nw/k dks bl x+jt+ ls Fkuksa esa u jksdks fd [+kjhnkj dks nw/k

T+;knk ekywe gks vkSj oks /kksdk [kk tk,- m/kkj dks m/kkj ds lkFk cspus dh

Hkh eqekfuv~r Q+jekbZ- dqÙkksa dh cSv~ vkSj bldh d+her [kkus ls Hkh euk

Q+jek;k- blh rjg eqnsZ dh pchZ ls x+Yys dks fxjk¡ cspus dh fu;r ls

jksdus dh Hkh eqekfuv~r Q+jekbZ xbZ- nj[+r ds Qy tc rd vPNh rjg


199

u vk tk,¡ mlls d+Cy mudh cSv~ eeuwv Q+jekbZ- iqNUus yxkus dh

mtjr dk gkfly djuk Hkh euk Q+jek;k- t+kfu;k dh mtjr Hkh gjke

gS-

'kjkc dh gqjer vkSj mldh cSv~ oX+kSjk dh eqekfuv~r& 'kjkcdks bLyke us mEeqy&[+kckbl Bgjk;k ftldh oqtwgkr ij cgl dh

xqatkb'k ugha- 'kjkc ds uqd+lkukr ls dkSu ukokfd+Q+ gksxk- mldh gqjer

dk dq+jvku djhe us txg&txg gqDe fn;k vkSj bls fjtlqu feu

v&e&fy'& 'kSrku (lwjg ekbnk% 90) Bgjk;k- fljsnLr ;gk¡ pUn vgknhls

'kjhQ+k ud+y dh tkrh gSa%&


vySfg olYye us 'kjkc ds ckjs esa nl 'k[+lksa ij ykur dh%

(1) 'kjkc ds fupksM+us okys] (2) fupqM+okus okys] (3) ihus okys]

(4) mBkus okys] (5) ftldh rjQ+ mBkbZ xbZ] (6) fiykus okys]

(7) cspus okys] (8) bldk eksy [kkus okys] (9) eksy ysus okys

vkSj (10) ftlds okLrs [+kjhnh xbZ-Þ- (tkes frjfet+h] gnhl

ua0 1295)

(2) ßgt+jr vk;'kk flíhd+k jft+;Yykgq vUgk Q+jekrh gSa gqT+kwj

lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls 'kgn dh 'kjkc ds ckjs esa nj;k¶+r

fd;k x;k rks Q+jek;k tks pht+ u'kk djs oks gjke gSÞ- (lgh


(3) tks nqfu;k esa ges'kk 'kjkc ihrk jgk vkSj cx+Sj rkSck fd;s

ej x;k rks d+;ker esa (dkSlj) u fi;sxkÞ- (lgh eqfLye]

gnhl ua0 5222] 5224)

(4) ßgt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k gj u'ks okyh pht+ gjke gS vkSj

rgd+hd+ vYykg ij vgn gS ml 'k[+l ds ckjs esa tks u'ks dh

pht+ fi;s fiyk,xk mldks rhurqy&[+kcky- lgkck us iwNk

rhurqy&[+kcky D;k gS\ Q+jek;k nkst+f[+k;ksa dk ilhuk vkSj oks

ihi ygw tks nkst+f[+k;ksa ds t+[+eksa ls fudysÞ- (lgh eqfLye]


200

gnhl ua0 5217)

(5) ßgt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k ftl pht+ dk vDlj fgLlk u'kk

yk, mldk FkksM+k Hkh gjke gSÞ- (tkesv~ frjfet+h] gnhl ua0

1865)

cstk mT+kjkr dk jn& ckt+ gt+jkr tks nwljs lnZ eqekfyd esa jgus dsvknh gSa oks ulkjk dh rd+yhn ls 'kjkc uks'kh ds vknh gksdj mt+jkr djrs

gSa fd cx+Sj 'kjkc ds lnZ eqYd esa ge fdl rjg dke dj ldrs gSa-

rd+jhcu ,slk gh ,d mT+kz nSye gehjh us ljdkjs vkye lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye dh ckjxkgs vkyh esa fd;k- gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us lekv~r Q+jekdj tks tokc fn;k oks t+Sy dh gnhl ls ekywe

gksxk-

ßnSye gehjh jkoh gSa eSaus gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dh

f[+kner esa vt+Z fd;k ge lnZ t+ehu esa jgdj l[+r dke djrs

gSa vkSj xsgw¡ ls 'kjkc cukrs gSa vkSj mlls dkeksa esa d+qOor gkfly

djrs gSa vkSj lnhZ ls cp tkrs gSa- vkius Q+jek;k D;k oks u'kk

ykrh gS\ eSaus vt+Z fd;k gk¡] Q+jek;k il mlls cpks- eSaus vt+Z

fd;k yksx mlds NksM+us okys ugha (;kuh gyky tkurs gSa)

Q+jek;k vxj u NksM+sa rks muls eqd+kcyk djksÞ- (lquu vcwnkÅn]

gnhl ua0 3683)

geus eq[+rlju pUn vgknhl 'kjhQ+k ;gk¡ ntZ dj nha ftuls gqjers

'kjkc vkSj mldh eq[+rfyQ+ gSfl;kr vkrh gSa- fdlh rkd+rks&gqDe ;k

vknkrks vrokj ls gjke pht+ gyky ugha gks ldrh- cnfd+Ler gSa oks

eqlyeku tks mEeqy [+kckbl ds vknh gSa- lsa/kh] rkM+h ox+Sjk lc 'kjkc ds

gqDe esa gSa- [+kqnk eqlyekuksa ij jge Q+jek, fd oks bl 'kSrkuh Q+sv~y ls

cpsa-

bl fd+Le dh gjke pht+ksa ds uQ+k ox+Sjk ls tks lnd+k Hkh fn;k tk,xk

oks d+qcwy ugha gksxk-


201

fjck (lwn)lwnh ysu nsu& ekStwnk frtkjrh nkSj esa dgk tkrk gS cx+Sj lwn ds dksbZfrtkjr ugha py ldrh- bl mt+z ds lkFk lbZ dh tk jgh gS fd myek

fdlh u fdlh rkSj ls lwn dh fgYyr dk Q+rok lkfnj dj nsa- vgdkes

'kjv~ esa u rks fdlh gqdwer ds fy;s tkbt+ gS fd oks gyky dks gjke vkSj

gjke dks gyky dj ns vkSj u myek ;s dj ldrs gSa fd bl fd+Le ds

mt+jkr ds ckbl tokt+ ds igyw fudkysa- frtkjrh fut+kes vEy esa

vk;krks vgknhls ucfo;k ls lkQ+ o ljhg rkSj ij frtkjr ds gj xks'ks

ij ot+kgr ls jkS'kuh Mky nh xbZ gS- jgk elyk&,&lwn rks bl ckjs esa Hkh

vk;krks&vgknhl vkSj vgdkes fQ+D+d+g ekStwn gSa- ;gk¡ reke cglksa dk

ntZ djuk eqf'dy gS pUn vk;krks&vgknhl eqrkfYyd+ lwn ntZ dh tk,axh%&

(1) ßtks yksx lwn [kkrs gSa (d+;ker esa) u [kM+s gks ldsaxs exj

ml 'k[+l dh rjg ftldks 'kSrku us viuh >iV ls e[+kcwrqy

gokl (gks'k mM+k fn;s gksa) dj fn;k gks- ;s bl d+kSy dh lt+k

gS fd tSlk cSv~ dk ekeyk gS oSls gh lwn Hkh gS] gkykafd cSv~

dks [+kqnk us gyky fd;k vkSj lwn dks gjkeÞ- (lwjg cd+jg%

275)

(2) ß,s bZeku okyks! [+kqnk ls Mjks vkSj tks lwn (yksxksa dh rjQ+)

ckd+h gS mls NksM+ nks- vxj ,slk ugha djksxs rks [+kqnk vkSj mlds

jlwy lYyYykgq vySfg olYye ls yM+us ds fy;s rS;kj gks

tkvksÞ- (lwjg cd+jg% 278&79)

(3) ßvkSj ,s eqlyekuks! rqe tks lwn nsrs gks rkfd yksxksa ds eky

esa T+;knrh gks rks oks (lwn) [+kqnk ds ;gk¡ (Qwyrk) Qyrk ughaÞ-

(lwjg :e% 39)

vgknhl&ßgt+jr tkfcj jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg

olYye us lwn ysus okys] nsus okys] lwn dh nLrkost+ fy[kus

okys vkSj ekeyk lwn dh xokgh nsus okys bu lc ij ykur dh


202

vkSj Q+jek;k fd ;s bfrZdkcs ekfl;r esa cjkcj gSaÞ-


lwn[+okj d+kSeksa dk gky&(1) ßgt+jr vcw gqjSjg jft+;Yykgq vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq

vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k esjkt dh jkr esa esjk xqt+j ,slh

d+kSe ij gqvk ftuds isV ,sls Fks tSls cM+k xík vkSj muesa

vt+ngs Fks tks isVksa ds ckgj dh tkfuc ls fn[kkbZ nsrs Fks- eSaus

ftczbZy ls iwNk fd ;s dkSu gSa\ Q+jek;k ;s lwn[+kksj gSaÞ- (lquu

bCus ektg] gnhl ua0 2273)

(2) ßgt+jr vCnqYykg fcu gUt+yk x+lhyqy eykbdk jft+;Yykgq

vUgq jkoh gSa gqT+kwj lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Q+jek;k tks

'k[+l lwn dk ,d fnje Hkh tkudj [kk, rks oks cgqr T+;knk gS

xqukg esa NÙkhl ft+uk lsÞ- (eqLuns vgen] ft-36] lq-288)

q q q


203

fuT+kkes fojklrbLyke dk d+kuwus fojklr Hkh ,d ,slk eqdEey d+kuwu gS ftlds

reke xks'ks vius vUnj tkesb;r j[krs gSa] cfYd bl d+kuwu dh jkS'kuh

esa vkt nwljs et+kfgc Hkh vius fy;s d+okuhu cukuk pkgrs gSa- bl egnwn

fjlkys esa bl vge muoku ds rgr eq[+rlj Hkh fy[kk tk, rc Hkh

vkSjkd+s dlhjk dh t+:jr gksxh- eqlyekuksa dh vkeks&[+kkl gkyr ij

ut+j djrs gq, fojklr ds pUn vge vkSj t+:jh elkby ntZ fd;s tkrs

gSa rkfd gqd+wd+qy&bckn dk ;s muoku Hkh bl flyflys esa fr'uk u jg

tk,-

mlwys fojklr& vius ckn fdlh dks okfjl djuk ;k fdlh dk okfjlgksuk] ;s vez bf[+r;kjh ugha vxjps fdlh dk ;s bjknk gks fd esjs ckn

Q+yk¡ okfjl u gks mldk dksbZ ,rckj ugha] vycÙkk vxj ft+Unxh esa

cgkyrs gks'kks&gokl dksbZ tk;nkn o cSv~ ;k fdlh dks fgck dj nh tk,-

okfjlksa esa NksVs&cM+s u¶+ls fojklr esa lc cjkcj gSa vkSj lc cjkcj

fgLlk ikus ds 'kjv~u eqLrfgd+ gksaxs- ckt+&ckt+ ed+kekr ij ;s rt+sZ vEy

fd yksxksa us viuh tgkyr ls yM+dh dks eg:eqy&blZ (ehjkl ls eg:e)

le> fy;k x;k ;k eqd+kcyu mldks dqN ugha nsrs ;k cki ds ckn flQ+Z

cM+k gh eqLrfgd+s fojklr gks vkSj NksVs HkkbZ cM+s HkkbZ ds egt+ jgeks&dje

ij gksa [+okg oks ns ;k u ns] 'kjv~u bldh dksbZ gd+hd+r ugha ;k vkSjkr

ds esgj vnk u djus dk r[+k¸;qy] mlls cpus ds fy;s rD+lhe esgjhu

dk mlwy Hkh bZtknh mlwy gS ftls rx+keqy ds vYQ+kt+ ls ;kn fd;k tkrk

gS- fojklr esa ogh rD+lhe d+kfcys vEy gS tks 'kjhv~r us eqd+jZj Q+jekbZ-

okfjlksa ds vd+lke vkSj mudh rkjhQ+& ekStwnk gkyr esa rhufd+Le ds okfjl gksrs gSa& t+foy Q+q:t+] vlck] t+foy vjgke-


204

t+foy Q+q:t+ oks okfjl gSa ftldk fgLlk 'kjv~ esa eqd+jZj gks tSls

pkSFkkbZ] frgkbZ] NVk] vkBok¡- vlck ml okfjl dks dgrs gSa ftldk dqN

fgLlk eqd+jZj u gks vkSj t+foy Q+q:t+ ds ysus ds ckn ckd+h lc dk ekfyd

gks ;k t+foy Q+q:t+ u gksa rc Hkh dqy eky ;s ik ys- pwafd 'kjhv~r esa

vkSykn vius cki dh rjQ+ eUlwc gksrh gS] blh fy;s ek¡ dk uke ugha

fy;k tkrk vkSj csVk vius cki dk dgk tkrk gS- csVk vlck gh t+foy

Q+q:t+ u gqvk] D;ksafd vlyh okfjl vlck gh gS-

t+foy vjgke oks okfjl gSa ftudk dksbZ fgLlk eqv¸;u ugha vkSj

muesa vkSj e¸;r esa reke okLrs enZ ds u gksa ;k vxj reke okLrs enZ

ds gksa rks [+kqn vkSjr gks tSls uoklk] uoklh] iksrh dh vkSykn- ;s Hkh

eqefdu gS fd ,d 'k[+l nks fd+Le dk okfjl gks elyu vlck Hkh gks vkSj

t+foy vjgke Hkh- tSls t+Sn dh uoklh dqYlwe ftldk cki t+Sn dk

Hkrhtk gS oks ek¡ ds fygkt+ ls t+foy vjgke gS vkSj cki ds fygkt+ ls

vlck] D;ksafd t+Sn ds Hkrhts dh yM+dh gS blh rjg ,d 'k[+l t+foy

Q+q:t+ vkSj vlck esa ls gks tSls t+Sn vkSj t+Suc nksuksa Hkkb;ksa ds yM+dk

yM+dh gksa vkSj mu nksuksa esa bykd+k t+kSft;r gks rks t+Sn 'kkSgj dh gSfl;r

ls t+foy Q+q:t+ gS vkSj ppk dk csVk gS bl okLrs vlck Hkh gqvk-

;s eq[+rflj fd+Lesa tks ntZ dh xbZa oks gSa ftuds 'kjbZ fudkg ds t+fj;s

ls e¸;r ds lkFk fj'rs d+kbe gksa] vxj ft+uk ds lcc dksbZ fj'rk yx

x;k tSls gjkeh csVk ;k gjkeh HkkbZ ;k gjkeh uoklk] iksrk ;s yksx e¸;r

ds okfjl ugha gksrs] vycÙkk gjkeh vkSykn viuh ek¡ ds rdsZ ls ehjkl

ik,xh- blh rjg fyvku dh lwjr eas vxj yM+dk ek¡ ds lkFk feyk fn;k

tk, rks oks viuh ek¡ dk okfjl gksxk- eqrcUuk (ysikyd) 'kjbZ okfjl u

gksxk- bu vd+lke esa rjrhcs rdkZ ;¡w jgsxh fd vOoy t+foy Q+q:t+

viuk viuk eqd+jZj fgLlk ysaxs] vxj vlck u gksa rks ckd+h fQj t+foy

Q+q:t+ gh cd+nz vius fgLls ds ysaxs vkSj tc t+foy Q+q:t+ o vlck ls

dksbZ ft+Unk u gks rc t+foy vjgke dks feysxk-

eokusv~ fojklr& dksbZ 'k[+l vius ewfjl dks ftldh ehjkl ikrk gSmldks d+Ry dj Mkys fojklr ls eg:e jgsxk-


205

okfjl vkSj ewfjl ds njE;ku et+gch bf[+rykQ+ gks tSls cki dkfQ+j

gS csVk eqlyeku- cki ds ejus ds ckn csVk okfjl ugha gksxk ;k csVk ejsxk

rks cki okfjl u gksxk- okfjlksa vkSj ewfjlksa ds njE;ku ;s ekywe gks fd

muesa dkSu igys ejk vkSj dkSu ihNs] elyu ,d tgkt+ d'rh ox+Sjk esa

,d lkFk Mwc x, ekywe ugha fdldh tku igys vkSj fdldh ckn esa

fudyh ;k fdlh tax ds eSnku esa [+kkunku ds pUn v'k[+kkl ekjs x,

elyu t+Sn cki Fkk vkSj mej mldk csVk Fkk vkSj ekywe ugha fd nksuksa

esa igys dkSu ekjk x;k\ t+Sn ds nks csVs vkSj gSa [+kkfyn] oyhn vkSj mej

ds Hkh nks csVs gSa lkfye] gde- vc t+Sn dh ehjkl [+kkfyn vkSj oyhn dks]

mej dh ehjkl lkfye o gde dks feysxh] mudks t+Sn dh ehjkl ls dqN

u feysxk] D;ksafd muds cki mej dks t+Sn dh ehjkl ls dqN u feysxk]

D;ksafd muds cki mej dks t+Sn dh ehjkl ls dqN ugha feyk Fkk fd ;s

mlds eqLrfgd+ gksa-

t+foy Q+q:T+k dh rknkn vkSj muds fgLls&dq+jvku djhe esa eqd+jZj fgLls N% gSa& vk/kk] pkSFkk] vkBok¡] nks

frgkbZ] ,d frgkbZ] NVk-

bu fgLlksa ds ikus okys T+kfoyQ+q:T+k 12 gSa& cki] 'kkSgj] nknk] HkkbZ]

cgu] v[+k;kQ+h ;kuh 'kjhd ek¡ dk] t+kStk] csVh] ek¡] iksrh] ijiksrh]

nknh] ijnknh] lxh cgu] vykrh cgu (tks cki esa 'kjhd gks)] v[+k;kQ+h

cgu (ek¡ 'kjhd cgu)-

;s lc fj'rs eqnsZ ds ,rckj ls gSa- eqnsZ dk cki ;k eqnkZ vkSjr dk 'kkSgj

;k eqnsZ dk nknk] HkkbZ ;k eqnsZ dh t+kStk o fd+l vyk gkt+k-

igyk T+kfoyQ+q:T+k esa ls eqnsZ dk cki gS] blds rhu gky gSa ;kuh rhu

lwjrksa ls deh cs'kh ds lkFk ehjkl ikrk gS- e¸;r ds cki ds lkFk e¸;r

dk csVk ;k iksrk ox+Sjk gks rks ,d NVk fgLlk cki dk gS tSls t+Sn ejk

vkSj viuk cki [+kkfyn vkSj ,d csVk tkQ+j NksM+k eky ds N% fgLls djds

,d fgLlk cki dks nsaxs vkSj ckd+h ik¡p fgLls csVk ik,xk vkSj vxj csVk

u gks rks] cfYd iksrk ijksrk gks rks Hkh cki NVk fgLlk ysxk-

e¸;r ds cki ds lkFk e¸;r dh csVh ;k iksrh gks rks ml oD+r cki


206

dks NVk fgLlk nsdj csVh ;k iksrh ds ckn tks cpsxk oks Hkh cki ysxk bl

lwjr esa nks rjg ls ehjkl ik,xk- igys rks cgSfl;r T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ds] fQj

vlck cudj ckd+h ys ysxk] vxj cki ds lkFk e¸;r dk csVk] iksrk ;k

csVh] iksrh dksbZ u gks rks cki vlck cudj lc ys ysrk gS vkSj vxj

nwljs T+kfoyQ+q:T+k gksa rks muls tks dqN cpsxk lc cki dk gS elyu vkSjr

ejh mlus cki vkSj 'kkSgj NksM+k] ekflok muds dksbZ okfjl u Fkk rks bl

lwjr esa 'kkSgj dks fuLQ+ feysxk vkSj ckd+h fuLQ+ cki dk gS vkSj vxj

'kkSgj Hkh u gks rks lc rdkZ cki gh dks feysxk-

nwljk T+kfoyQ+q:T+k 'kkSgj gS] mlds nks gky gSa& vk/kk dqy tk;nkn dk

tcfd 'kkSgj ds lkFk e¸;r dk csVk] csVh] iksrk] iksrh- bl 'kkSgj ;k nwljs

'kkSgj ls dksbZ u gks] pkSFkkbZ pkSFkkbZ nj lwjr ;s fd 'kkSgj ds lkFk muesa

ls dksbZ gks ;kuh csVk csVh gks ;k vne lwjr csVk csVh ds iksrk iksrh gks

rks ml oD+r 'kkSgj pkSFkkbZ ik,xk- csVk csVh [+okg igys 'kkSgj ls gksa ;k

nwljs 'kkSgj ls gksa gj gky esa 'kkSgj okfjl ds fgLls dks de dj nsrs gSa-

rhljk T+kfoyQ+q:T+k nknk gS] blds c,sfugh cki ds lkFk rhu gky gSa

ysfdu bruk Q+d+Z gS fd nknk cki ds lkeus eg:e gksrk gS vkSj cki nknk

ds lkeus ikrk gS] D;ksafd cki eqnsZ dh fulcr nknk ds fygkt+ ls vly

gS vkSj fcyk okLrk eqnsZ ls eUlwc gS- nknk] ijnknk bl flyflys esa pkgs

ftrus nwj ds gksa lc nknk gSa- tc uhps ntsZ okys ekStwn u gksa rks Åij

ntZ okyk ehjkl ikrk gS- ckd+h dks blh ij d+;kl dj yks-

pkSFkk enZ T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ek¡ 'kjhd HkkbZ ;kuh ek¡ e¸;r dh vkSj mldh

,d gks vkSj cki nks gksa mlds Hkh rhu gky gSa- vxj ,d HkkbZ gks NVk

fgLlk ik,xk] nks ;k nks ls T+;knk gksa ,d lqYl ysaxs] e¸;r dk yM+dk]

iksrk] iqjksrk- iqjksrk gks rks bl HkkbZ dks dqN u feysxk-

T+kfoyQ+q:T+k vkSjrsa& igyh vkSjr t+kStk gS mlds nks gky gSa- 'kkSgj eqnsZdh vkSykn gks yM+dh] yM+dk] iksrk iksrh- bl vkSj ls [+okg nwljh vkSjr

ls rks t+kStk dks vkBok¡ dqy tk;nkn dk vkSj vxj eqnsZ dh vkSykn u gks

rks t+kStk dks pkSFkkbZ eky- ,d choh gks ;k nks] rhu] pkj gksa] lcdks ,d

gh fgLlk feyrk gS ;kuh ,d pkSFkkbZ- ;s ugha fd gj ,d dks bruk


207

tqnkxkuk feys- choh ls eqjkn gS ftlds lkFk fudkg lgh rkSj ij gqvk gks]

vxj dksbZ vkSjr fcyk fudkg enZ ds rl#ZQ+ esa gks rks mldks enZ ds rdZs

esa ls dqN u feysxk-

nwljh vkSjr T+kfoyQ+q:T+k esa ls csVh gS] mlds rhu gky gSa& vxj eqnsZ

us ,d gh csVh NksM+h gS rks mldks vk/kk eky feysxk] vxj nks csfV;k¡ ;k

mlls T+;knk gksa rks lcdks nks frgkbZ tk;nkn feysxh] vxj csVh ds lkFk

eqnsZ dk csVk] csVh dk HkkbZ ekStwn gks rks oks csVk mudks Hkh vlck cuk ysxk

vkSj ml oD+r csVh T+kfoyQ+q:T+k u jgsxh vkSj csVh dks csVs ds fgLls dk

vk/kk fgLlk cjkcj feysxk ;kuh #i;s esa ik¡p vkus] rhu ikbZ csVh ik,xh

vkSj ,d csVk cjkcj nks csfV;ksa ds le>k tk,xk- nks csfV;ksa dk gd+ csVk

ys ysxk vkSj ,d dk csVh- lc csfV;k¡ csVs ds lkFk feydj blh fglkc ls

ysaxh ;kuh gj ,d dks csVs dk vk/kk feysxk] u ;s fd lcdks ,d csVs dk

vk/kk fey tk,-

rhljh T+kfoyQ+q:T+k vkSjr iksrh gS] mlds N% gky gSa- vk/kk dqy

tk;nkn dk tcfd ,d iksrh gks] nks frgkbZ tcfd ,d ls T+;knk gksa iksrh

ds lkFk mlds cjkcj dk ;k mlls uhps ds ntsZ dk iksrk] ijksrk ox+Sjk gks

rks iksrh vlck gks tkrh gS- ;s rhu gky rks feLy csVh ds gSa-

,d csVh ds lkFk iksrh gks rks iksrh dks NVk fgLlk- nks csfV;k¡ gksa rks

iksrh eg:e gS c'krsZ fd iksrh vlck u gqbZ gks ;kuh mlds lkFk dksbZ

ijksrk u gks- csVs ds gksus ij ijksrh eg:e gksrh gS- blh rjg d+jhc ds

iksrs ds lkFk nwj okyh eg:e jgrh gS tSls ,d enZ us ,d iksrk NksM+k vkSj

nwljh ijksrh ekStwn gS rks ijksrk okfjl gksxk vkSj ijksrh eg:e jgsxh-

bldh felky ;w¡ le>ks ,d 'k[+l nks csfV;k¡ ,d iksrh] ,d ijksrk

NksM+dj ej x;k nksuksa csfV;ksa dks nks frgkbZ eky feyk] ckd+h eky iksrk

iksrh nksuksa vlck gksus ds fygkt+ ls ck¡V ysaxs] iksrs ds nks fgLls vkSj iksrh

dk ,d fgLlk gksxk-

blh rjg vxj fdlh us nks csfV;k¡ ,d iksrh] ,d ijksrh] ,d ijksrk

NksM+k rks bl ijksrs ds lcc ijksrh Hkh vlck gks xbZ vkSj iksrh Hkh ijksrs

ds lkFk vlck gqbZ- vc bu okfjlksa dks bl rjg eky rD+lhe gksxk fd


208

vOoy csfV;ksa dks nks frgkbZ nsaxs vkSj iksrk] ijksrh] ijksrk ;s rhuksa ckd+h

,d frgkbZ vkil esa ck¡V ysaxs- ijksrs dks nks fgLls feysaxs vkSj iksrh ijksrh

,d&,d fgLlk ik,axh- blh rjg vxj fdlh us nks iksfr;k¡ NksM+ha rks vkSj

,d ijksrh ,d ijksrk] nks frgkbZ iksfr;ksa dk gqvk] ckd+h ijksrs dks nks

fgLls vkSj ijksrh dks ,d fgLlk feysxk- csfV;ksa ;k iksfr;ksa dk gd+ nks

frgkbZ ls t+k;n ugha- tc nks frgkbZ eky mudks igq¡p x;k fQj fdlh csVh

;k iksrh dks dqN ugha igq¡prk- nks frgkbZ igq¡pus dh nks lwjrsa gSa ,d ;s fd

lc ,d ntsZ dh gksa tSls nks csfV;k¡ ;k nks iksfr;k¡ gksa] nwljs ;s fd ,d csVh

gks vkSj mlds lkFk ,d nks iksfr;k¡ gksa ;k ,d iksrh ds lkFk ,d ijksrh

;k nks pkj ijksfr;k¡ gks rks bl lwjr esa csVh ;k iksrh dks vk/kk&vk/kk

feysxk vkSj iksrh ijksrh dks NVk fgLlk- vk/kk vkSj NVk fgLlk feydj

nks frgkbZ iwjk gks x;k] vc tks muds uhps ntsZ dh jg xbZa gSa oks lc

eg:e gksaxh-

pkSFkh vkSjr T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ls lxh cgu gS] blds ik¡p gky gSa- rhu

gky rks feLy csVh ds gSa ;kuh vk/kk ,d dk] nks frgkbZ tc ,d ls T+;knk

nks ;k rhu pkj gksa] lxs HkkbZ ds lkFk vlck gksrh gS- csfV;ksa ;k iksfr;ksa

ds lkFk [+kqn vlck gksrh gS- csfV;ksa ;k iksfr;ksa ds lkFk [+kqn vlck gks

tkrh gSa- csVk ;k iksrk vkSj cki nknk bu lcds lkeus eg:e gks tkrh

gSa-

ikapoha vkSjr T+kfoyQ+q:T+k esa ls lkSrsyh cgu ftldh vkSj e¸;r dh

ek¡ nks gksa vkSj cki ,d gks ;kuh vykrh cgu gS] mlds lkr gky gSa& pkj

rks lxh cgu ds feLy gSa ;kuh ,d gksrh rks vk/kk ik,] nks ;k blls T+;knk

dks nks frgkbZ] 3 vykrh HkkbZ ds lkFk vlck] 4 csfV;ksa ds lkFk [+kqn gh

vlck gksrh gSa-

,d lxh cgu ds lkFk vykrh cgu dks NVk fgLlk feysxk- e¸;r dh

nks lxh cguksa ds lkFk tc ;s vlck u gksa ;kuh muds lkFk mldk gd+hd+h

HkkbZ u gks rks eg:e jgrh gSa] vxj HkkbZ gks rks ;s vlck gksdj HkkbZ dk

vk/kk ysaxh- e¸;r ds csVs ;k iksrs ijksrs ds gksrs ;k e¸;r ds cki] nknk]

ijnknk ds lkFk ;k e¸;r ds lxs HkkbZ cgu ds lkFk tc oks cgu vlck


209

gks xbZ gks rks vykrh cgu eg:e gks tkrh gS-

NVh T+kfoyQ+q:T+k vkSjr esa ek¡ gS] mlds rhu gky gSa& e¸;r dh ek¡

ls tc e¸;r dk csVk ;k iksrk gks ;k nks HkkbZ cgu ;k nks ls T+;knk fdlh

fd+Le ds gksa rks bl lwjr esa ek¡ dk NVk fgLlk gS- tc ;s yksx u gksa vkSj

'kkSgj] cki ;k t+kStk vkSj cki Hkh u gksa rks ek¡ dks dqy eky dk frgkbZ

fgLlk feysxk- tc e¸;r dh ek¡ ds lkFk e¸;r dk 'kkSgj] vxj enZ gS

rks mldh t+kStk vkSj cki gS rks ckd+h dk frgkbZ fgLlk ek¡ dk gS ;kuh

igys T+kfoyQ+q:T+k dk fgLlk fudkysaxs fQj tks ckd+h jgsxk mlesa ls frgkbZ

ek¡ dks nsaxs- mldh nks lwjrsa gSa] igyh lwjr esa vOoy 'kkSgj dks N% ds

vk/ks rhu fn;s] vc rhu ckd+h dk ,d frgkbZ ,d ek¡ us fy;k] ckd+h ds

nks cki vlck cudj ysxk-

nwljh lwjr esa vOoy t+kStk dks dqy eky dk pgk#e fgLlk nsdj tks

cpk mldk frgkbZ ,d ek¡ us ys fy;k ckd+h nks cki us fy;s-

lkroha vkSjr T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ls tík gS c'krsZ fd oks tík Q+kflnk u gks]

e¸;r dh nknh ;k ukuh- nknh ds nks gky gSa- NVk fgLlk ,d nknh gks ;k

blls T;knk tcfd ,d ntsZ dh gksa e¸;r dh ek¡ ds lkeus e¸;r dh nknh

eg:e gks tkrh gS- blh rjg nknh ds vkxs ek¡ ds flyflyss okyh nknh

eg:e gks tkrh gS- blh rjg nknk gks rks nknh eg:e gS ysfdu oks nknh

fd e¸;r ds cki dh ek¡ gS oks e¸;r ds nknk ;kuh vius 'kkSgj ds lkFk

fgLlk ysxh vkSj d+jhc d fj'rs dh nknh [+okg oks okfjl gks ;k eg:e]

nwj dh nknh dks eg:e dj nsrh gS elyu nknh ds gksrs ijnknh eg:e

gS-

vchZ esa ukuh vkSj nknh nksuksa dks tík dgrs gSa tSlk fd y¶+t+ tí

ukuk vkSj nknk nksuksa dks 'kkfey gS ysfdu mnwZ esa ukuh vkSj nknh nks y¶+T+k

tqnk tqnk gSa- ;gk¡ Hkh cfjvk;r vchZ t+cku ds tík dk y¶+t+ fy[kk x;k

gS] ojuk t+foyQ+q:t+ ds vnn rsjg gks tkrs gSa-

vc ;s tkuuk pkfg;s fd tík lghgk dkSu gS vkSj tík Q+kflnk fdls

dgrs gSa\ ftruh ukfu;k¡ ,slh gksa ftuesa enZ chp esa u vk, oks lc tík

lghgk gSa vkSj okfjl gksrh gSa] vxjps gekjs eqgkojs esa oks ukfu;k¡ dgh


210

tkrh gSa tSls ek¡ dh ek¡ vkSj ek¡ dh ek¡ dh ek¡ (vyk gkt+yd+;kl) blh

rjg Åij dh vkSjrksa dks tík&,&Q+kflnk cuk nsrk gS vkSj nkfn;ksa esa flQ+Z

enZ dk chp esa vkuk tík&,&Q+kflnk ugha cukrk gS] vycÙkk vxj ukuk

bu tík&,&lghgk ds chp esa vk tk, rks lc tík&,&Q+kflnk gks tk,axh-

tn~ns lgh oks gS fd e¸;r ds vkSj mlds chp esa vkSjr dk okLrk u

gks tSls cki dk cki] cki ds cki dk cki ;s lc tís&lgh gSa vkSj ftl

nknk vkSj e¸;r ds njE;ku vkSjr vk tk, [+okg tík&lghgk gks ;k

Q+kflnk oks nknk tn~ns Q+kfln gks tk,xk- tSls cki dh ek¡ dk cki ds cki

dh ek¡ dk cki ;s lc tn~ns Q+kfln gSa-

vkBoha vkSjr T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ls ek¡ 'kjhd cgu ;kuh v[+k;kQ+h cgu gS]

mlds reke gkykr feLy ek¡ 'kjhd HkkbZ ds gSa tSlk fd ek¡ 'kjhd HkkbZ ds

c;ku esa xqt+jk-

T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ds ;s fgLls tks Åij c;ku fd;s x, e¸;r ds dqy

er:dk ds gSa tks ckn rtght+ks&rdQ+hu o vnk,&d+t+Z o ofl;r ds ckd+h

cps] [+okg oks tk;nkn eUd+wyk (#i;k] t+soj ox+Sjk) gks ;k x+Sj eUd+wyk

(t+ehu ox+Sjk)] vycÙkk ,d ek¡ dh lwjr ckd+h frgkbZ dh gS tSlk fd

Åij et+dwj gqvk-

fgtc&vks&gqjek¡& tks 'k[+l okfjl vkSj mlds gd+ ds njE;ku vkM+ cutk, vkSj okfjl dks mldk gd+ u ysus ns mls gkftc dgrs gSa- gkftcs

fojklr vkSj ekusv~ fojklr esa Q+d+Z gS- ekusv~ fojklr ds lcc ls

lykfg;rs fojklr gksus dh ugha jgrh vkSj gkftcs fojklr ds lcc ls

fojklr esa lykfg;r rks jgrh gS] ysfdu [+kkfjth pht+ blds vkSj mlds

gd+ ds njE;ku gkby gksdj mldks viuk gd+ ysus ls jksdrh gS- vxj oks

gkftc u gksrk rks ;s okfjl viuk gd+ ys ysrk- cjf[+kykQ+ ekusv~ ds fd

ml 'k[+l dh t+kr esa ,d uqD+l iSnk dj nsrk gS ftlds lcc ;s okfjl

ugha gks ldrk- tSls e¸;r dh cgu ,d gks rks fuLQ+ ikrh gS] vxj

e¸;r ds lkFk e¸;r dk csVk Hkh gks rks ;s csVk vkM+ gks tk,xk vkSj cgu

okfjl u gksxh] vxjps cgu esa lykfg;r okfjl gksus dh Fkh-

fcyQ+t+Z ;s csVk u gksrk rks cgu fcyk 'kqck okfjl gksrh cf[+kykQ+ bl


211

ds fd vxj ;s cgu dkfQ+jk gksrh [+okg csVk gksrk ;k u gksrk okfjl ugha

gks ldrh] D;ksafd dkfQ+jk gksus dh gkyr esa okfjl gkus dh lykfg;r gh

ugha jgrh- vykok blds eg:e vkSj egtwc gSa-

fgtc dh nks fd+Lesa gSa& ,d fgtcs uqd+lku ;kuh fdlh okfjl dk

fgLlk cotg nwljs ds de gks tk,] ;g fgtc ik¡p okfjlksa ds gd+ esa gksrk

gS- 'kkSgj] t+kStk] ek¡] iksrh] vykrh cgu] felkysa Åij xqt+j pqdha-

nwljh fd+Le fgtcs fgjek¡ gS ;kuh ,d okfjl nwljs okfjl ds lkeus

eg:e gks mlds nks d+k;ns gSa- vOoy ftl 'k[+l ds olhys ls dksbZ okfjl

e¸;r dk fj'rsnkj gqvk gS ml 'k[+l ds gksrs gq, ;s okfjl eg:e gksxk

tSlk fd iksrk csVs gksrs gq, vkSj nknk cki dh ekStwnh esa vkSj ukuh ek¡ ds

lkeus eg:e gSa] ysfdu ek¡ dh vkSykn ;kuh cgu HkkbZ ds lkeus eg:e

ugha gksrh- ;s bl d+k;ns ls bLrluk (vyx) gS] vxjps vly ;kuh ek¡

ds gksrs gq, mldh vkSykn dks tks igys 'kkSgj ls gS eg:e gksuk pkfg,-

nwljk d+k;nk ;s gS fd ,d fd+Le ds okfjlksa esa ls d+jhc dk okfjl

cbZn dk gkftc gksxk vkSj cbZn dks eg:e dj nsxk tSls fdlh us pkj iksrs

;k pkj nkfn;k¡ NksM+h rks tks iksrk d+jhc gS elyu csVs dk csVk oks csVs ds

iksrs dk gkftc gksxk- okfjlksa ds ,d fd+Le gksus dh d+Sn bl okLrs yxkbZ

xbZ gS fd iksrh d+jhck ds lkeus ijksrk eg:e ugha vkSj HkkbZ ds lkeus

nwj dk iksrk eg:e ugha] vxjps HkkbZ esa ,d okLrk gS vkSj nwj ds iksrs

esa eqrvfín okLrs gSa-

[+kqyklk ;s gqvk fd okfjl d+jhc eqrfyd+u okfjl cbZn dk gkftc

ugha cfYd ,d ukSv~ ;k ,d fd+Le ds tks dksbZ okfjl gksa muesa ls tks

d+jhc dk gks mlh ukSv~ ds okfjl dk gkftc gksxk-

T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ds fgLls fudkyus dk rjhd+k& Åij c;ku fd;k tk

pqdk gS ftldk fgLlk eqv¸;u gks oks T+kfoyQ+q:T+k gS vkSj dqy vnn

T+kfoyQ+q:T+k ds 12 gSa vkSj gj ,d dk fgLlk eqQ+Llyu ntZ fd;k tk

pqdk gS- vc vxj pUn fgLlsnkj tek gksa rks ,d NksVs ls NksVk vnn ftl

ls lc fgLls fudy ldsaxs vkSj mlls lcds fgLls fudkysaxs bl vnn dk

uke elyk gS-


212

Q+t+Z djks fd lc fgLls tek gksa rks NksVs ls NksVk vnn 24 gksxk ml

ls lc fgLls fudkysaxs elyu 24 ds vk/ks 12] pkSFkkbZ 6] vkBok¡ fgLlk

rhu] frgkbZ 8] 2 frgkbZ 16] NVk fgLlk 4 gq, bl okLrs ;s elyk 24

ls gksxk-

geus eq[+rlju t+:jh vkSj vge mewjs fojklr ls eqrkfYyd+ fy[k

fn;s gSa- bl fjlkys esa eqQ+Lly cgl ugha gks ldrh] blh fy;s ;gk¡ vkSys

rlghg vkSj mlds d+kbns r[+kk#t (fudkyus ds d+k;ns)] eukfl[+kk ox+Sjk

dh cglsa vkSj muds elkby dh rQ+lhy ugha ntZ dh tk ldh] blds fy;s

eqLrd+yu Q+jkbt+ dh fdrkcsa ekStwn gSa ftudk eqrkYvk djuk pkfg;s-

;dtkbZ Mwcus okys] ;dtkbZ ty tkus okys ;k nhokj ox+Sjk fd bfUgnke

ls ej tkus okys ,d nwljs ds okfjl u gksaxs-

vxj d+kSeh o et+gch etkfyl vkSj nwljh bLykeh rgjhdkr ls oD+r

feyk rks bU'kkvYykg Q+jkbt+ ij eqLrfd+y fjlkyk rjrhc nsus dk [+;ky

gS ftl d+nj eokn ;gk¡ is'k fd;k x;k gS mlls ,d gn rd dke py

ldrk gS-

oD+Q+& fdlh pht+ dks viuh feYd ls fudky dj cfu;r lokc vYykgdks mldk ekfyd dj nsuk vkSj tk;nkn ox+Sjk ds equkQ+s dks [+kkl dj nsus

dk uke oD+Q+ gS- okfd+Q+ ds fy;s t+:jh gS fd 'kjkbr dk rv¸;qu djs

tc oks iwjh gks tk,¡ rks oD+Q+ dk brykd+ gks tk,xk- elyk oD+Q+ esa lcls

T+;knk vge ckr okfd+Q+ dh fgnk;kr gSa tSlk fd Q+jek;k uLlqy okfd+fQ+

dfUl'k&'kkfjv+ ;kuh okfd+Q+ dh fgnk;kr dk ntkZ uls 'kkfjv+ dh rjg

gS-

okfd+Q+ dks pkfg;s fd 'kjkbr ,slh eqd+jZj djs tks bUn''kjv~ tkbt+

gksa] ukp?kj] ?kj] pdyk] 'kjkc[+kkuk] tw,[k+kuk ox+Sjk ds fy;s vxj oD+Q+

fd;k x;k gks rks ,slk oD+Q+ lgh ugha- gkfdes 'kjv~ ox+Sjk dks rksM+ nsus

dk gd+ gkfly gS] nwljs 'kjkbr esa rCnhyh ugha dh tk ldrh-

bLykeh uqD+rk ut+j ls oD+Q+ dh x+jT+k ;s gS fd okfd+Q+ dh fgnk;kr

ds eqrkfcd+ vbT+t+k&vks&vgckc] vkEek eqfLyehu] elkftn] ed+kfcj]

edkfrc dks ekys ekSd+wQ+k ls Q+k;nk igq¡pk;k tk,- eqroYyh ,sls 'k[+l dks


213

cuk,¡ tks n;kurnkj] nhunkj] ijgst+xkj vkSj eqUrft+e gks- vxj okfd+Q+

us rkSfy;r vius [+kkunkuh vQ+jkn ;k nwljksa ds fy;s eqv¸;u dj nh gS

rks tc rd ea'kk, okfd+Q+ dh f[+kykQ+ot+hZ u gks fdlh eqroYyh dk

vT+yks&uLc (rd+#Zj&cj[+okLr) ugha gks ldrk- vxj [+k;kur ox+Sjk dk

tqeZ lkfcr gks tk, rks eqlyekuksa dks ;s gd+ gkfly gS fd eqroYyh dks

vySfgnk dj dj nwljs ekST+kw¡ 'k[+l dk bfUr[+kkc dj ysa- rkSfy;r esa vxj

okfd+Q+ dh 'kjkbr u gksa rks bl lwjr esa fojklr u gksxh-

;s vez okfd+;k gS fd vktdy gekjs vkSd+kQ+ eksgrkts bLykg gSa-

vDlj vkSd+kQ+ u rks okfd+Q+ dh ea'kk ds eqrkfcd+ gSa vkSj u eqroYyh

gt+jkr gh viuh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dk vglkl Q+jekrs gSa] cfYd ckt+ viuh

gqnwn ls fudy dj vkSd+kQ+ dks viuh fefYd;r le>rs gSa- ;s et+ewe

lwjr d+kfcys bLykg gS] ysfdu vc x+kSjryc vez ;s gS fd rjhd+k&,&bLykg

D;k gks\ tgk¡ rd rkyhekrs bLyke dk rkYyqd+ gS mldh nQ+vkr o

d+okuhu esa vDljks&cs'rj 'kdysa ekStwn gSa- cnfd+Lerh ls ge eqlyekuksa

us vius et+gch vgdke dh rjQ+ ls csroTtgh cjrh bl fy;s ;s le>

fy;k x;k gS fd cx+Sj d+okuhu cuok, gq, gekjs fdlh fut+ke dh nq#Lrh

ugha gks ldrh- bLykgh rgjhdkr esa eq[+kkfyQ+ks eqokfQ+d+ nksuksa tekv~rsa

vius vx+jkt+ dh cnkSyr bQ+jkrks&rQ+jhr ls dke ysrh gSa] eqtfOot+hu

dk ea'kk ;s gksrk gS fd oks vius vykok nwljs vQ+jkn ds oqtwn dks [+kRe

dj nsa] blh rjg eq[+kkfyQ+hu ds tT+ckrks&fgfLl;kr esa f'kír vk tkrh gS-

vxj gekjh et+gch o d+kSeh tekv~rsa r[+kjhch fut+ke ij dq+Oorsa lQ+Z

djus ds ctk; d+kSe dh rkehjh t+:jrksa ds fy;s el:Q+s vEy gks tk,¡ rks

gekjh eqvk'kjr ds vDlj xks'ks nq#Lr gks ldrs gSa- ekStwnk elyk&,&oD+Q+

esa pUn mewj d+kfcys x+kSj gSa%&

(1) D;k bLykeh vgdkes oD+Q+ ukfd+l gSa tks nwljs d+kuwu dh t+:jrs nkbZ

gks\

(2) D;k cx+Sj tnhn d+kuwu ds fut+kes oD+Q+ nq#Lr gks ugha ldrk\

(3) D;k tnhn d+kuwu ds ckn reke bfUrt+kekr gLc ea'kk, okfd+Q+ nq#Lr

gks tk,axs\


214

(4) d+kuwu ot+k gksus ds ckn d+rv~ ut+j gqdwer dh enk[+kyr ds mlds

veys dk okfQ+j [k+pZ dk ckj gekjs vkSd+kQ+ ij u iM+sxk\

(5) tnhn d+kuwu ds ckn eqlyekuksa dks vius vkSd+kQ+ esa dgk¡ rd

bf[+r;kjkr gksaxs\

bl fd+Le ds lokykr ij x+kSj djrs gq, bLykgh d+ne mBkus dh

t+:jr gS- bl ckr ls bUdkj ugha gks ldrk fd gekjs ikl vgdke ekStwn

gSa ysfdu d+qOors fuQ+kt+ (tkjh djus dh rkd+r) ugha gS ftldk gqlwy

t+:jh gS-

bl fd+Le dh felkysa Hkh ekStwn gSa fd ckt+ vkSd+kQ+ gqdwer ds t+sjs

bfUrt+ke vkdj [+kq'kuqek t+:j ekywe gksrs gSa] ysfdu t+kfgjh uQ+klr

ex+fjch rgt+hc vkSj bldh cjdkr dk vlj bu vkSd+kQ+ ij bl rjg

iM+ jgk gS fd ftl vkenuh dk vDljks&cs'rj fgLlk X+kqjck] Q+qd+jk]

elkdhu] t+k;jhu] enkfjlks&edkfrc ij lQ+Z gksuk pkfg, Fkk oks vkyk

eqUrt+ehu o eqykt+ehu dh rU[+okgksa esa [+kpZ gks jgk gS vkSj d+kbednkZ

fut+ke oD+Q+ esa vke eqlyekuksa dks enk[+kyr dk ekSd+k ugha- x+kflc

eqrofYy;ksa dh nLrcqnZ ls cpkdj vxj ;s jax iSnk gks rks ge vius

vkSd+kQ+ dh bLykg D;k dj ldsaxs\

y[kuÅ ds oD+Q+ bekeckM+s ox+Sjk dh dSfQ+;r fdlls iks'khnk gS-

vkLrkuk&,&gt+jr l¸;nuk lkykj elwn x+kt+h jg-v-] vkLrkuk&,&gt+jr

l¸;nuk x+jhc uokt+ vySfgjZgek dh ljdkjh desVh ds urkbt dk fdls

bYe ugha- gt+jr l¸;nuk eqYyk rkfgj lSQ+qíhu lkgc beke cksgjk ds

oD+Q+ esa enk[+kyr ds okfd+vkr Hkh ftUgsa ekywe gSa oks tkurs gSa fd t+krh

ed+kflnks vx+jkt+ j[kus okys vlgkc viuh roD+d+qvkr dks tc iwjk u

dj lds rks ogk¡ Hkh bLykg ds insZ esa tekv~rh rQ+jhd+ 'kq: gks xbZ-

fcyk 'kqck gekjh gj rgjhd dh dke;kch dk nkjksenkj [+kqywl vkSj

viuh rUt+he ;k d+qOors&vEy ij eqUgflj gS- d+kuwuh 'kDy dks flQ+Z bl

gn rd cntkZ etcwjh d+qcwy fd;k tk ldrk gS fd tks nQ+vkr eqv¸;u

gksa oks bLykeh uqD+rk&,&ut+j ds eqrkfcd+ gksa vkSj bfCrnkbZ ejkfgys uQ+kt+

esa gqdwer eqlyekuksa dh benkn djs (tks mldk Q+t+Z gS) vkSj mlds ckn


215

[+kqn eqlyeku cx+Sj fdlh benkn ds mls pyk,¡-

Q+d+hj bu tT+ckrs bLykeh dks vius lwcs dh xouZesUV ds lkeus ;gh

oD+Q+ fcy dh 'kgknr ds ekSd+s ij ced+ke y[kuÅ T+;knk rQ+lhy ls dg

pqdk gS (fjlkyk pwafd r[+k¸;qy ls cgqr T+;knk c<+ x;k blfy;s bl ekST+kw

dh rQ+lhyh cgl fdlh nwljs eqLrfd+y fjlkys dh rckv~r ds fy;s

eqYroh gSa)-

q q q


216

vk[+kjh xqT+kkfj'k[+kqnk&d+kfnj&vks&eqD+rfnj ds Q+T+yks vv+kur ls eSaus viuh eqlyly

lQ+jh ud+y&vks&gjdr ds ckotwn gÙkybedku eqlyekuksa dh ft+Unxh ds

vge 'kksv~cksa dks bl rkyhQ+ esa tek dj fn;k- elkby dh ryk'kks&rjrhc

esa iwjs x+kSjks&fQ+Ø vkSsj ,gfr;kr ls dke fy;k x;k gS] vgknhl o fQ+D+d+g

ox+Sjk dh iPphl&rhl fdrkcksa ls benkn yh xbZ gS- fdrkc ds et+kehu

eqvfYyQ+ dh esgur dh 'kgknr nsaxs- vxj c'kjh x+Yrh] izsl dh

eqf'dykr ds ckbl dksbZ lgo gks tk, rks ukt+jhu nq#Lr Q+jek ysa-

vxj gekjs enkfjlks&edkfrc rkyhe ;k¶+rk rcd+s vkSj vkeks&[+kkl

vQ+jkn us bl rkyhQ+ dh b'kkv~r esa esjh enn dh rks ba'kkvYykg cgqr

tYn nwljh eqQ+hn rluhQ+kr is'k dj ldw¡xk- tc rd eqlfUuQ+hu dh jkg

esa vklkfu;k¡ iSnk u dh tk,¡xh muds r[+kq¸;ykr dk iwjk gksuk eqf'dy gS-

eqckjd gSa oks eqekfyd tgk¡ d+kSe fgEer vQ+t+kbZ djrh gS vkSj eqlfUuQ+hu

ds fy;s gj eqefdu lgwyr cge igq¡pkrh gS-

[+kqnk, cjrj dh ckjxkg esa esjk ek:t+k gS fd eq>s vezs&gd+ dh

rkSQ+hd+ vrk Q+jek, vkSj tks vgdkes bLykeh bl rkyhQ+ esa tek fd;s

x, gSa mu ij vEy dh rkSQ+hd+ ns-

eSa fcjkns eqdjZe tukc ekSyoh t+gw#ygd+ lkgc d+knjh ekfyd

mLekuh izsl o tukc d+kt+h vCnqLlyke lkgc vCcklh eustj dk eeuwu

gw¡ fd mUgksaus izsl dh bfUrgkbZ nq'okfj;ksa ds ckotwn bl rkyhQ+ dh

rckv~r esa esgur Q+jekbZ vkSj eqgEen uch [+kk¡ mQ+Z elhr e'khu eSu us

NikbZ csgrj djus dh dksf'k'k dh-

Q+d+hj eqgEen vCnqy gkfen d+knjh

[+kkfne nk#ÙkluhQ+

ekSyoh eqgYyk] cnk;w¡

22 jtc 1355


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