© oxford university press 2008 the ingredients of language introduction to the study of language

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Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

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© Oxford University Press 2008 Introduction to the Study of Language The Ingredients of Language The following features, or ingredients, are influenced by the context, or situation, in which they are found.

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Page 1: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE

Introduction to the Study of Language

Page 2: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

AS Level Language

Remember that the focus at AS level is on Style rather than Content, so when thinking about the following, consider the ‘Why’ as well as the ‘What’.

Page 3: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

The Ingredients of Language

The following features, or ingredients, are influenced by the context, or situation, in which they are found.

Page 4: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

• Lexis• Grammar• Structure/discourse structure• Semantics• Phonology/prosodic features• Graphology

Page 5: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Lexis

The words themselves that make up the text or discourse

Page 6: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Grammar

The way individual words are structured and arranged together in sentences

Page 7: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Discourse structure

The way the content of a text is organized(‘Discourse’ is simply another term for text)

Page 8: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Semantics

The meaning conveyed by the lexis; this can include pragmatics, the underlying meaning behind what we say

Page 9: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Graphology(Written texts only)

The way in which written texts are presented; their spatial arrangement and layout, the type and size of their lettering, etc.

Page 10: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Phonology/prosodic features (Spoken texts only)

The use of vocal elements to add extra force to what is being said

Page 11: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

These are the individual parts, or ingredients of language, that taken together you will be asked to analyse and comment upon.

Page 12: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Note 1:While each of the above ingredients may be found in a text, individually they may not always be sufficiently important for you to comment on. Every text is different, and what strikes you in one may not be so interesting in another.

Page 13: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Note 2:What you must not do is simply make a list of the ingredients without saying anything useful about them.

Page 14: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Note 3:Don’t forget the Why as well as the What!

Page 15: © Oxford University Press 2008 THE INGREDIENTS OF LANGUAGE Introduction to the Study of Language

© Oxford University Press 2008

Introduction to the Study of Language

Note 4

The examiners already know what ingredients are in a given text; what they want you to do is tell them something useful about them.