{Nucleus

The Brain of the CellBy: Bryonna Aldubayan

Definition Function Significance Structure and Components Nuclear Envelope and Pores Nucleolus Nucleoplasm Mitosis/Meiosis Malfunctions/Disease

Outline

In an atom:The nucleus is the center of an atom which contains the protons and

neutrons

Definition

In a cell: The nucleus is the structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activity in a eukaryotic cell.

Function

• The nucleus regulates all cell activity, growth and reproduction. It controls the cell through protein synthesis.• Protein Synthesis is the process by which amino

acids are arranged linearly into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes

The nucleus contains DNA which contains coded instructions needed for cell reproduction and also produces proteins that control metabolism and other cell functions.

Significance

Structure

• The nucleus is a spherical double membrane organelle.

&

ComponentsThe nucleus contains:

• Nuclear Envelope• Pores• Nucleolus• Nucleoplasm

The nuclear envelope is a double phospholipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material in eukaryotic cells.

Outer membrane Inner membrane

The nuclear membrane is dotted with thousands of small holes called nuclear pores that allow material to diffuse in and out of the nucleus.

Nuclear Envelope&

Pores

Small, dense region Generally located in the center of the

nucleus. It is made of proteins and ribonucleic

acids. It is the location where the assembly of

ribosomes begin.

Nucleolus

Highly Viscous Liquid Enveloped by the inner membrane of the

nuclear envelope. Surrounds the chromatins and nucleolus

Nucleoplasm

{ {Mitosis

Involves the replication of all eukaryotic cells except that of sex cells.

Meiosis

Replication of only sex cells.

Replication

{ {Mitosis

Cancer Uncontrolled

abnormal cell division

Spread through blood stream and lymph system

100 different types

Meiosis

Down Syndrome Trisomy 21

(nondisjunction) Translocation Mosaicism 3 different types

Malfunctions

Cancer

Cancer

Down Syndrome

Typical Cell Division

Down Syndrome

Trisomy 21 (nondisjunction)

• Results in an embryo• 3 copies of chromosome 21• Sperm or egg fails to separate

Down Syndrome

Mosaic

• Chromosome 21 takes place in 1 initial cell division

• Mixture of 2 cell types

Down Syndrome

"What Is Cancer?." - National Cancer Institute. N.p., 7 Mar. 2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. <http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer>.

"What Is Down Syndrome?." The National Advocate for People with Down Syndrome Since 1979. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. <https://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrhttps://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/ome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/>.

"nucleus Images - Google Search." nucleus Images - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. <https://www.google.com/search?q=nucleus&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=r7kmU_rSOKvr0QGf3oCYBA&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=650>.

Works Cited