Physical ScienceMr. Ikner

Part 1

In scientific notation, how is the exponent affected when the decimal is moved to the right?

When the exponent is moved to the right, the exponent decreases.

Why should you never heat something in a closed container?

Expanding gas may explode

Why must 100 = 1? A rule holds with all numbers that when

you divide the same base that is raised to a power, you subtract the exponents. Since we already know that when you divide a number by itself the answer is one, 100 must equal one

101

deka, da

How do you write 0.007 in scientific notation and fractional form?

.007 7x 10-3

7/1000

10-12

pico p

A factor (number or concept) that does not change when other variables change

Constant

What is the difference between a base unit and a derived unit?

A base unit is a single unit where a derived unit is a combination of base units.

A representation of an idea, event, or object to help people understand it.

Model

A type of experiment done to eliminate bias. Neither the subjects nor the researchers know who or what is the experimental or control group.

Double blind experiment

Information that cannot be assigned a numerical value

Qualitative data

How do you test a hypothesis? Perform an experiment

Reading into a graph from beyond the given data. Making a guess or an estimate

Extrapolate

Name the instrument and state its purpose

Test Tube: Used to mix, measure, or heat liquids

103

Kilo k

1012

Tera T

Why was scientific notation developed? To write very small numbers and very

large numbers with ease To simplify scientific calculations

What is this and what is its purpose?

Triple Beam Balance; Measures mass in grams

Why should no experiment be considered a failure?

An experiment with unexpected results provides a chance to learn something new. Excluding possibilities is as important as the discovery.

Why have we not yet fully adopted the metric system?

We were already significantly more advanced in industry when the rest of the world adopted the metric system. Because of the cost involved in switching over, we developed a 50 year plan. It has been 60 years

SI unit for luminous intensity? Candela

A ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in 2 different ways.

Conversion factor

Mass of 0.001 cubic meters of water. Kilogram

The mass of one specific platinum-iridium alloy cylinder.

Kilogram

What is the equation for percent error? |ValueA –ValueE| / ValueA X 100

What are the 7 base quantities and units in the SI system?

Length Meter

Mass Kg

Time Second

Temperature Kelvin

Electric Current Ampere

Amount of a Substance Mole

Luminous Intensity candela

The continuing search for scientific knowledge. Studying natural phenomena simply for the purpose of increasing our knowledge.

Pure science

Deci 10-1

Tera 1012

Exa 1018

The identification of the components and composition of materials

Analytical chemistry

An inaccuracy in reading a measurement based upon angular difference

Parallax

A hydrogen atom has a diameter of 10nm. Express this in mm

1x10-5 mm

9,192,631,770 times the period of a radio wave emitted from a cesium-133 atom

A second

Peta 1015

When is it ok to use broken or chipped glassware?

NEVER

106

Mega M

What are the basic steps in the scientific method?

Observe, question, hypothesis, experiment, collect data, draw conclusions

10-6

Micro

Why is this incorrect? 1 cm=_____m (1cm)(1m/10-2 cm) Although centi does mean 10-2 , 1m is

not equal to that.

When is it necessary to wear safety goggles and an apron?

When using heat, chemicals, or glassware

Name Symbol #

Pico p 10-12

Nano n 10-9

Micro µ 10-6

Milli m 10-3

Centi c 10-2

Deci d 10-1

Tera T 1012

Giga G 109

Mega M 106

Kilo k 103

Hecto h 102

deka da 101

The group designed with a variable to test the hypothesis

Experimental group

Mass/Volume; kg/m3 Density

Springs, Pendulums, Sound Vibrations and Wave Phenomena

This type of graph is used to compare or contrast data

Bar graphs

Using specific observations and measurements to enable a scientist to arrive at a generalized explanation of a scientific problem which can be expressed as a hypothesis or theory

Inductive Reasoning

A mathematical or numerical statement that describes a phenomena or event

Quantitative Description

Falling Objects, friction, weight, spinning objects

Mechanics

The atom and its parts Quantum Mechanics

Applying logic and reason to observations and conclusions

Critical thinking

A property that depends on the amount of matter present

Extensive property

Giga 109

A property that doesn’t depend on the amount of matter present

Intensive property

Two branches of Earth Science are… Geology and meteorology

Graphs best used to show a trend. Graphs that show how one variable changes with respect to another

Line graph

A graph used to show the parts of a whole

Circle graph or pie chart

What are three standards that a theory must meet?

Must explain observations, must be able to repeat experiments, and must be able to predict from the theory

Two branches of physical science are… Physics and chemistry

A system of knowledge based on facts or principle

science

What are the two main branches of science?

Social science and natural science

What is the SI unit for length? meter

What is the SI unit for time? seconds

The total distance covered divided by the total time

Average speed

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Velocity is a vector while speed is merely a magnitude. Vector quantities have both magnitudes and direction while scalar quantities such as speed have only a magnitude.

What does the area beneath a v-t graph represent

Distance

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

Distance is the sum of the total lengths traveled while displacement is the straight line distance between the start and end points

What is the SI unit for velocity? m/s

What is the SI unit for time? second

A complete explanation of how or why something happens based on research and testing

theory

Name this instrument and its purpose

Erlenmyer flask; used to mix liquids

A standard by which results are compared

control

A statement that seems to always be true

Law

What would be the SI unit for electric charge?

The coulomb

10-9 nano

Any type of information that can be expressed as a number

Quantitative data

An explanation of an event based on knowledge gained from observations

theory

What should be done prior to starting an experiment?

READ DIRECTIONS

A value that changes because of the other variables in the experiment

Dependent variable

In scientific notation how is the exponent affected when the decimal is moved to the left

The exponent increases

A quantity that can have more than a single value

variable

The variable that is changed to see how it affects the dependent variable

Independent variable

What is the SI unit for the amount of a substance?

mole

A statement that gives the best possible response to the question and should be based on already known facts. May not yet be tested. An educated guess

hypothesis

10-3 milli

How do you write 0.1 in scientific notation and fractional form?

1x10-1 1/10

109 Giga

The group in an experiment that is maintained at a constant state for the course of the experiment

Control group

Does the speedometer of a car read instantaneous speed or average speed?

Instantaneous speed

The rate at which velocity changes acceleration

What is the SI unit for acceleration? m/s/s

What does the slope of a v-t graph represent?

acceleration

What does the area beneath an a-t graph represent?

velocity

Speed at any instant Instantaneous speed

A type of velocity that does not vary Constant velocity

What is the unit for distance? Meter

What does the slope of a d-t graph represent?

velocity

Why are the constant speed and constant velocity not the same?

Velocity is dependent on the direction