واره و فعل فعل

“Imagination is more important than knowledge.”

Albert Einstein

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جمله در دارد پنجفعل شکل .

work = / قاعده قاعده = build با بی

V1 (do) work/build

V2 (did) worked/built

V3 (done) worked/built

V4 (doing) working/building

V5 (to do) to work/to build

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جمله در فعلفاعل+ فعل + …

زمان

جمع/ مفرد

معلوم/مجهول

واره + … ) + فعل فعل + مفعول(فاعل+

do

done

doing

to do

☼آید می فاعل از پس بالفاصله فعل

و فاعل، بودن جمع یا مفرد زمان، ورا جمله بودن مجهول یا و معلوم

دهد می .نشان

☼ ) دارای اصلی فعل از پس واره فعل

و) آید می زمان

) ( دارای ( ، ساده شکل ،) toچهارو) toبدون(

)ing . ( دارد را دار

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► They (do) work in Tehran.► They do work in Tehran.► They don’t work in Tehran.► Do they work in Tehran?

► He (does) plays football.► He does play football.► He doesn’t play football.► Does he play football?

بیان = ساده حال زمان ☼واقعیت

سوم ☼ فاعل در ساده حال زمانمفرد . Sشخص شود می فرم

می را ساده حال زمان فاعل از بعد☼ V1 .سازد

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+ ) Verb(فعل + … فاعل

V1 (do) work/build

V1 (do)

I work/build …

He works/builds …

V1 ادامه

► He can play football.► You should work hard.

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واره + … + فعل + فعلفاعل

فعل کمکی

V1can work/buildwill work/buildmust work/buildshould work/buildmay work/build

V1 ادامهمفعول + +فاعل+ فعل V1

let/let/let دادن اجازه

make/made/made واداركردن

have/had/had كردن وادار

help/helped/helped كمككردن

(doer)

Ali/him/them/…

do/go/study/…

☼

اصلی فعل ساختار این درکردن وادار ، دادن اجازه مفهوم

. در مفعول دارد کردن کمک واست کار کننده .واقع

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The teacher made the students do a lot of homework.

The judge had the witness repeat this statement.

He helped us (to) move the boxes.

My father let me go to the movies with my friends.

V1 ادامهمفعول + + فاعل+ فعل

V1

hear/heard/heard شنيدنsee/saw/seen ديدنfeel/felt/felt شدن متوجهwatch(ed) كردن نظارتobserve(d) كردن مشاهدهlisten(ed) دادن گوشnotice(d) شدن متوجه

him

her

Ali

my friend

work

study

play

I heard him cough. ( يكبار ( فقط

►They (did) built a house last year.►They did build a house last year.► They didn’t build a house last year.► Did they build a house last year?

V2 worked/built

I worked/built He worked/built

☼

و = انجام گذشته در مشخصی زمان در یکبار ساده گذشته زماناست شده .تمام

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فاعل+ فعل + …

V2

V3 worked/built

فعل کمکی

have/has/had

► I have (just/already) closed the door.► I have worked for 3 hours/days/weeks/months/years.► He has lived in Tehran since 2003/yesterday/last year.► I had finished it before/when you called.► After I had finished it, you called.

کامل ☼ های :زمانhave/has + V3 = ) ماضی کامل حال زمان

نقلی)تمام حاال اما کشیده طول مدتی که عملی

است .شدهhad + V3 = ) ماضی کامل گذشته زمان

بعید)گذشته ( دیگری عمل از قبل که عملی

است) شده تمام .ساده

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+V3 … +فاعل

V3 ادامه

فعل am; is; areکمکی

was; were

will be; can be; may be

have been; has been

had been

am/is/are being

was/were being

مجهول های زمان► The bridge is built.

► The bridge was built.

► The bridge will be built.

► The bridge has been built.

► The bridge had been built.

► The bridge is being built.

☼

: دارد وجود رابطه نوع دو فعل و فاعل بینرابطه که گذارد می تاثیر فعل روی فاعلفاعل روی فعل که وقتی اما است معلوم

شود می مجهول رابطه گذارد می فاعل ... + + V3.تاثیر● فعل +

فاعل معلوم

فعل + فاعل مجهول

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V3 ادامه

+ V3فاعل +فعل + مفعول●

car

room

house

hair

get

have

make

hear

find

want►He couldn't make his voice heard.► I want this work finished quickly.► I heard my name called.► We found the house deserted.► I got my watch repaired.► He had his car repaired.

. کند می مجهول را جملهV3 ☼

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V4 working/building

V4 + + ... فاعل

am; is; arewas; werewill be; can be; may be have been; has been had beenam/is/are beingwas/were being

He is working now.

He was working when I called him.

I will be working at 10 tomorrow.

working/studying/playing

1) Working is useful.

subject

2) I like working.

object

admitappreciateavoidcan't helpconsider detest enjoy escapefinishforgivekeep mindmisspostponerecommendresistrisksuggest tolerate understand

V4 = Gerund ☼

جمله جمله 1در در و فاعلی 2نقش. دارد مفعولی نقش

جمله و 2در است متعدی اصلی فعل . در متعدی افعال دارد مفعول به نیازاز، چون کلماتی با فارسی به ترجمه

. شوند می معنی را به،

Verbal

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V1 ادامهمفعول + + فاعل+ فعل

V4

hear/heard/heard شنيدنsee/saw/seen ديدنfeel/felt/felt شدن متوجهwatch(ed) كردن نظارتobserve(d) كردن مشاهدهlisten(ed) دادن گوشnotice(d) شدن متوجه

him

her

Ali

my friend

working

studying

playing

I heard him coughing. (مكررا )

find كردن پيداcatch گرفتنkeep داشتن نگه

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V4 + فعل + مفعول +فاعل

doing/working/sleeping

I found the child sleeping.

The teacher caught him cheating in the exam.

He kept us waiting for a long time.

V5 to work/to build1) To work is useful.

subject

2) I want to work.

object

affordagree be (am,is,are)claim decide demand deservehopeintendmean offer Planprepare prove refuseregretrememberseemstruggle tend

V5 = Infinitive ☼

جمله جمله 1در در و فاعلی نقش 2نقش. مفعولی ( دارد( متمم

جمله نیاز 2در و است ناقص اصلی فعل . دارد متمم به

Verbal

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adviseappointcausecautionchallengecommandcompelconvincedirectenableencourageforbidforce

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مفعول + + فاعل+ فعل V1

gethelpHireimploreinstructmotivateobligeorderpermitpersuade

doing/working

I permit him to use my dictionary.The teacher did not allow us to go out.He persuaded him to buy him a bicycle.The teacher advised us to study regularly.

forget فراموش كردنmean (intend) قصد داشتنpropose (plan) قصد داشتنremember به خاطرداشتنstop متوقف کردنtry سعي كردن

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+ V4/V5( + فعل + مفعول(فاعل

doing/to do

taking/to take

I'll never forget taking those beautiful pictures.

I forgot to take my camera to the mountains last weekend.

Test on Verbs

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1. I won't go out now as it ------------ and I don't have an umbrella.

• A. rained

• B. was raining

• C. rains

• D. is raining

2. Tom suddenly realized that he ---------- in the wrong direction.

• A. was traveling

• B. traveled

• C. is traveling

• D. travels

3. Helen -----------this gold ring as she was digging in the garden.

• A. finds

• B. is finding

• C. found

• D. was finding

4. While we ------------- someone came to the house and left this note.

• A. fish

• B. were fishing

• C. fished

• D. are fishing

5. John always ---------- that he will mend the window but he never does it.

• A. is saying

• B. says

• C. was saying

• D. said

6. Banks---------- more money these days to encourage businessmen to

expand.

• A. were lending

• B. lend

• C. are lending

• D. lent

7. I ----------- the letter. Could you mail it on your way to work for me, please?

• A. have written

• B. have been writing

• C. had written

• D. had been writing

8. My father ------------ a history of World War II for the last two years.

He thinks he will finish it by the end of next month.

• A. has written

• B. has been writing

• C. had written

• D. had been writing

9. The little boy----------- a football against the wall all afternoon and is not

tired yet.

• A. had been kicking

• B. was kicking

• C. has been kicking

• D. is kicking

10. As soon as Terry saw what ------------, he switched off the

electricity.

• A. is happening

• B. had happened

• C. has been happening

• D. has happened

11. Sue --------- her homework all day and has not finished it yet.

• A. had typed

• B. had been typing

• C. has typed

• D. has been typing

12. Since I ------------ him, he has always worn the same sweater.

• A. have known

• B. had known.

• C. know

• D. knew

13. "Can we meet at 10:00 outside the station?"

"Okay. I ------------ you there."

• A. will see

• B. will have seen

• C. am going to see

• D. have seen

14. By the time you get home, I ------------the house from top to

bottom.

• A. am going to clean

• B. will be cleaning

• C. will have cleaned

• D. have cleaned

15. By the time Simon is 40, he ------------Spanish for 15 years.

• A. will have learned

• B. will be learning

• C. will have been learning

• D. will learn

16. By the time that Jeremy leaves school, his parents------------ $25,000

on his education.

• A. will spend

• B. will have spent

• C. will be spending

• D. will have been spending

17.“I've planned my future for the next ten years.”

“That's very clever of you. What --------- when you leave the

university?”• A. will you do• B are you going to do• C. will you have done• D. have you done

18. The boys------------ tennis for two hours before the storm broke.

• A. have been playing

• B. are playing

• C. had been playing

• D. were playing

19. At noon tomorrow, I------------the children to their piano lessons.

• A. will have taken

• B. will be taking

• C. have taken

• D. will have been taking

20. By January, my father ------------at the same job for twenty years.

• A. will have been working• B. has been working• C. will be working• D. is working

21. The students' work ------------a striking improvement since the new

teacher took over the class.

• A. has shown

• B. shows

• C. had shown

• D. showed

22. We------------ the repairs to your car

by tomorrow morning.

• A. finish

• B. will have finished

• C. are finishing

• D. have finished

23. Ever since I first------------ it, I've been trying to find a recording

of that song.

• A. have heard

• B. had heard

• C. heard

• D. hear

24. Just as I ------------into the bathroom, the fire alarm went off.

• A. have been getting

• B. had been getting

• C. am getting

• D. was getting

25. I've never seen Mary lose her temper since I ---------------her.

• A. had met

• B. have met

• C. meet

• D. met

Test on Verbals

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26. I saw him ----- out of his car.

• to drag

• dragging

• being dragged

• to be dragged

27. We can’t afford ------------- such an

expensive car. We simple do not have enough money for it.

• buying• to buy• to be bought• to have bought

28. I didn’t recall him ------ any such thing.

• to say

• having been said

• to have said

• having said

29. I can't imagine his ever ---- to your proposal.

• to agree• agreeing• agreed• to be agreed

30. I don't mind ----- early today.

• you leave• you to leave • your leaving • to your leaving

31. He made me ----- all the work again.

• do• doing• done• to do

32. You shouldn't let your wife ----- you.

• dominate

• to dominate

• dominated

• dominating

33. Just as I was leaving the dormitory, I heard my name

-----.

• was calling

• calling

• has been called

• called

34. As I was driving across the bridge last night, I saw a man ----- from the

bridge into the sea.

• jump• jumped• to jump• to have jumped

35. I'll never forget ----- my first gold medal in athletics.

• winning• to win• to have won• being won

36. I hear someone ----- in the distance. Do you hear it, too?

• shout• shouting• shouted• to shout

37. Don't forget ----- us as soon as you arrive at your destination.

• to be called• calling• to call• having called