how would you write the name of the following compounds ◦ zn(oh) 2 ◦ naoh ◦ hcl ◦ mg(no 3 )...
TRANSCRIPT
How would you write the name of the following compounds◦ Zn(OH)2
◦ NaOH◦ HCl◦ Mg(NO3)2
What does an acid do to red litmus?What does an acid to do blue litmus?How can we tell the pH of a substance?
DO NOW!!
Ions – table of ions open in work book
Flame test
Review
The Lab
ACIDS:Hydrochloric acid – HClNitric acid – HNO3
Sulfuric acid – H2SO4
Ethanoic acid – CH3COOH
BASES:Sodium hydroxide – NaOHPotassium hydroxide – KOHCalcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2
Ammonia – NH3
Everyday Life
ACIDS:Tartaric acidCitric acidDNACarbonic acid
BASES:Magnesium hydroxideLimestoneGarden limeBaking soda
Indicator COLOUR
In acidic solution
In neutral solution
In alkaline solution
Litmus Paper(red or blue)
Red stays redBlue turns red
Red stays redBlue stays blue
Red turns blueBlue stays blue
Universal Indicator
Red, orange, yellow
Green Blue, purple
(B FOR BLUE & BASIC)
Neutralisation
When an acidic solution is mixed with an alkaline solution a NEUTRALISATION reaction occurs
H+ ions in acid, react with OH- of the base forming water
H+ + OH- H2O
Neutralisation
HCl solution – mixed with NaOH
Some H+ reacted not all – solution still acidic
Complete neutralisation when all the H+ have reacted with OH-
FINAL SOLUTION WILL CONTAIN Na+ and Cl- ions – evaporation = NaCl crystals
Example:
In your lab group◦ At least 8 test tubes◦ Two beakers◦ Universal Indicator◦ Test tube rack
◦ Challenge: Create the best looking rainbow of pH using your acids (HCl) and base (NaOH)
◦ Use the neutralisation reaction
To Do:
Acid + Base = ???
What is an ionic compound?
When writing ionic formula does the metal change its name of the non-metal?
DO NOW!!
Acid + Base = ???? + ???? Write the salts formed from the following
reactions (word equation)◦ Sulfuric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide◦ Hydrochloric acid + Potassium Hydroxide◦ Nitric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide
◦ Write ionic formula for the salts produced
◦ ION QUIZ
DO NOW
ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
e.g. hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water
e.g. sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide → potassium sulfate + water
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
H2SO4 + KOH → K2SO4 + H202
Acid Formula Salts
Hydrochloric HCl Chlorides
Sulfuric H2SO4 Sulfates
Nitric HNO4 Nitrates
Ethanoic CH3COOH Ethanoates
1.Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide
2.Sulfuric acid + Potassium hydroxide
3.Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium oxide
4.Ethanoic acid + Sodium hydroxide
Sodium nitrate
Potassium sulfate
Magnesium chloride
Sodium ethanoate
ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
Question: What sorts of compounds act as bases in this case?
Answer: Metal oxides and metal hydroxides
MgOCuO
Fe2O3
ZnO
Mg(OH)2
Cu(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
NaOHKOH
(1) Hydrogen chloride + Magnesium oxide → Magnesium chloride + Water
(2) Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide + → Sodium nitrate + Water
(3) Sulfuric acid + Calcium hydroxide → Calcium sulfate + Water
HCl + MgO → MgCl2 + H2O
HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO4 + H2O
2
2
1. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc oxide → Zinc chloride + water
2. Nitric acid + Copper oxide → Copper Nitrate + water
3. _____ + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium sulfate + water
4. Hydrochloric acid + Iron oxide → ___________ + water
1. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc oxide → Zinc chloride + water
2. Nitric acid + Copper oxide + → Zinc nitrate + water
3. Sulfuric Acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium sulfate + water
4. Hydrochloric acid + Iron oxide + → ___________ + water
HCl + Fe2O3 → FeCl3 + H2O
HCl + ZnO → ZnCl2 + H2O
H2SO4 + NaOH → Na2SO4 + H2O
HNO3 + CuO + → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
Iron chloride
2
2
2
2 36
2
1. Antacid (“anti-acid”) tablets
• Stomach acid (HCl) causes heartburn
• “Quick-eze” contain a base, magnesium hydroxide - Mg(OH)2
• The base neutralises the stomach acid, relieving the symptoms of heartburn
Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium hydroxide → Magnesium chloride
+ water
2. Toothpaste and tooth decay
Bacteria on our teeth produce acids as part of their metabolism
The acid wears away the enamel on our teeth
Toothpaste is basic, this helps to neutralise the acid and prevent tooth decay
Past exam paper:
Epsom salt has the chemical formula MgSO4. It can be prepared by reacting an acid with magnesium hydroxide
a)Give the chemical name for MgSO4
b)Name the acid used in this reaction
c) Write the word equations for the preparation ofMgSO4
d)This reaction is described as a neutralisation reaction: Explain what is meant by neutralisation reaction
Past exam paper:Epsom salt has the chemical formula MgSO4. It can be prepared by reacting an acid with magnesium hydroxide
a)Give the chemical name for MgSO4
Magnesium sulfateb)Name the acid used in this reaction Sulfuric
acid
c) Write the word equations for the preparation of MgSO4
Magnesium hydroxide + sulfuric acid = magnesium sulfate + water
d)This reaction is described as a neutralisation reaction: Explain what is meant by neutralisation reaction
1. H+
2. red3. litmus4. atomic number5. ion6. metal
7. CO32-
8. NO3-
9. sulfate10. sulfuric acid
11. Sodium hydroxide 12. alkali13. base14. OH-
15. positive
16. CH3COOH
17. (NH4)2CO3
18. negative
19. HCO3-
20. Al2O3
Cl- O2- CO32- SO4
2- HCO3- OH-
Li+
Mg2+
Zn2+
Fe3+
NH4+
Ca2+
Cl- O2- CO32- SO4
2- HCO3- OH-
Li+ LiCl Li2O Li2CO3 Li2SO4LiHCO3 LiOH
Mg2+ MgCl2 MgO MgCO3 MgSO4Mg(HCO3)2 MgOH2
Zn2+ ZnCl2 ZnO ZnCO3 ZnSO4Zn(HCO3)2 Zn(OH)2
Fe3+ FeCl3 Fe2O3Fe2(CO3)3 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(HCO3)3 Fe(OH)3
NH4+ NH4Cl
(NH4)2O (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2SO4NH4HCO3 NH4OH
Ca2+ CaCl2 CaO CaCO3 CaSO4Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH)2
ACID + CARBONATE → SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
ACID + REACTIVE METAL → SALT + HYDROGEN GAS
e.g. Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate → Calcium chloride + water
+ carbon dioxide
e.g. Sulfuric acid + Magnesium → Magnesium sulfate + hydrogen
NB – This also occurs with BICARBONATES (Hydrogen carbonates)
1. Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate → Calcium _____ + water + CO2
2. Nitric acid + Copper carbonate → Copper _____ + water + CO2
3. Sulfuric acid + Sodium carbonate → Sodium _____ + water + CO2
4. Ethanoic acid + Zinc carbonate → Zinc _____ + water + CO2
Below is an example of what? Blue is for.... Red is for...
Acid + Carbonate --
Write the colour changes when copper carbonate was heated.
To Do:
Exam question in the past
Heat Copper carbonate in a test tube Heat till colour change Add Sulfuric Acid (up to first article) Filter Solution we will leave to evaporate so put in
evaporation dish
Clean Up
Heating Carbonates
Baking powder
This contains baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) and anacid (usually tartaric acid) in powder form.
When the baking powder is added to water, the baking soda andthe acid react, producing CO2 gas and making the cake rise!
Fizzy tablets – like Berocca
These contain an acid and a carbonate in powder form
When the tablet gets wet, the acid and carbonatereact together to form CO2 – the fizzy bubbles
Limestone caves:
Limestone is composed ofcalcium carbonate
Caves form when acidic rainwaterdissolves the limestone, formingcracks and fissures
The limestone reappearsunderground as stalactites andstalagmites
Acid + Carbonate demo Equations from the experiments(EVERYONE NEEDS TO GET!!)
Mark using marking sheet
Once finished: Mind map of atoms and acids and bases topic
Team Quiz
Today: