牛津高中英语牛津高中英语

( 模块四 ·高一下学期 )

Grammar and Usage

板块：教学设计—课件作者：唐敏芳

UnitUnit

11

direct speech & reported speech

Unit 1 Unit 1

课件描述： 本堂课是以让学生辨识直接引语和间接引语，如何将陈述句、疑问句、祈使句改为间接引语等为主的语法课。语法教学不能让学生死记枯燥的规则。教师必须创设具体语境，让学生在真实的语言情景中学习，在语境中学会运用规则。

Grammar and Usage

Lead-in

T: What did you eat this morning?

Tom: ‘I ate …’

T ： What did Tom say, Jack?

Jack: He said he ate …

direct speech

reported speech

We use direct speech to report what exactly has been said. If we write the speech down, the words will usually appear in quotation marks.

1. Which one is direct speech and which one is reported speech?

He said, ‘I will go to school tomorrow.’

She told us something secret.

2. Change the direct speech into reported speech.

She said, ‘This film is quite interesting.’

‘Finish the project tomorrow.’ he said to me.

(direct speech)

(reported speech)

She said that that film was quite interesting.

He asked me to finish the project the next day.

(Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase.)

What should we pay attention to? personal pronouns and tensese.g. Miss Yang said, ‘ I will buy a new dress.’

Miss Yang said that she would buy a new

dress.

Ex. Simon said, ‘ I wrote a letter.’

How to change the tense? Have a look.

Simon said that he had written a letter.

Direct Speech

Reported

speech

Direct Speech Reported

speech

Simple present

Simple past Simple future Future in the past

Present continuous

Past continuous

Past perfect Past perfect

Simple past Past perfect Present perfect continuous

Past

perfect continuous

Present perfect

Past perfect

Practice 1: Change the following sentences

into reported speech. 1. ‘I haven’t brought my dictionary,’ the student

said.

2. Tom said to them, ‘ I will get excited.’

3. My father said to me, ‘I am reading the book.’

The student said that he hadn’t brought his dictionary.

Tom told them that he would get excited.

My father told me that he was reading the book.

What should we pay attention to?1 personal pronouns and tense

2 adverbials of time and place

e.g. He said, ‘I lost a key here yesterday.’

He said that he had lost a key there the day

before/the previous day.

Ex. ‘I read the book here a week ago.’ Jane said to

him.

Jane told him that she had read the book therea week before.

learn more about it

Direct speech Reported speech

today the day/yesterday/on Monday, etc.

tomorrow the next day/the following day/on Friday, etc

yesterday the day before/the previous day/on Tuesday, etc

next month the month after/the following month/in July, etc

last year the year before/the previous year, etc.

a week ago a week before/a week earlier, etc.

Practice 2: Change the following sentences into reported speech.

1. ‘I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.’ he said.

2. ‘I will come here again today,’ she said.

3. The doctor said to the patient, ‘You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.’

He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening.

She said that she’d go there again that day.

The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 p.m. the next day.

What should we pay attention to?1. personal pronouns and tense

2. adverbials of time and place

3. other cases

Directed speech Reported speech

this that

these those

come go

Notice:1. 直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，如与

一个表示过去的时间（ in 1992 ， last week）连用，在变为间接引语时可以不变。

My father said to me, “I read the book in 1986”

My father told me he read the book

in 1986.

2. 直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，在变为间接引语时时态不变。

The geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.”

The geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

Complete the memo at Page 9

Possible answers:

(1) was (2) wouldn’t (3) had read

(4)that (5)would (6) had bought

(7) that (8) would (9) those

(10) Her

How to use reported speech to report:

statements

questions

imperative sentences

Statements:*We use noun clauses introduced by that to report

statements.She said, ‘Ads are an important part of our lives.’She said that ads were an important part of our lives.‘There are two main types of ads,’ the writer said to us.The writer told us that there were two main types of ads.*More reporting words:

‘PSAs are often placed for free,’ the writer said.The writer explained that PSAs were often placed for

free.

advise explain insist promise announce suggest warn

Can you give more examples?

Practice: Change the following sentences into direct speech.1. Tom suggested that we should translate the book

into English. 2. The student explained that he really didn’t know he

had to finish the work a week before.

3. The teacher promised that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month.

Tom said, ‘You’d better translate the book into English.’

The student said, ‘ I really don’t know I must finish the work a week ago.’

The teacher said, ‘I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.’

Questions:*We use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to

report yes/no-questions.‘Are all ads playing tricks on us?’ I asked her.I asked her whether/if all ads were playing tricks on

us.*We use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to

report wh-questions.I asked her, ‘How can that be true?’I asked her how that could be true.‘Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?’ Bill

asked.Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.

Practice: Change the following sentences into reported speech.

1. My mother asked me, ‘Do you want to go to the Great Wall with me?’

2. The teacher asked the boy, ‘How many pages have you read today?’

3. I asked Li Ying, ‘ Where and when were you born?’

My mother asked me whether I wanted to go to the Great Wall with her.

The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day.

I asked Li Ying where and when he was born.

Imperative sentences:*To report imperative sentences, we use the structure:

reporting verb+object+(not)+to-infinitive.

‘Don’t worry, Mickey,’ Jen said.

Jen asked Mickey not to worry.

*other verbs can be used in this structure

‘Don’t believe every ad you read,’ Lily said to me.

Lily advised me not to believe every ad I read.

reporting verb object (not) to-infinitive

advise encourage invite recommend warn

Let’s do some Ex for consolidation! You can do it well!

Practice: Change the following sentences

into direct speech. 1. My mother recommended me not to take those

weight-loss pills.

2. My brother ordered me to go there at once. 3. My father warned us not to throw the waste paper

everywhere.

My mother said to me, ‘Don’t take these weight-loss pills.

My brother said, ‘ Come here at once.’

My father said to us, ‘Don’t throw the waste paper everywhere.’

Consolidation

Finish Ex. A and B at P.11

Homework

1. Finish Ex on Page 92.

2. Make good preparations for Task part.