* exfi~sej) i.asons of ?rmgparoust military for anrd … · "we~ted r'eeso ov by -es...
TRANSCRIPT
* EXFI~SEJ) I.ASONS OF ?RMGPAROUSt MILITARYDIEPENJZNf I FOR ANRD FOR NOT AITTNDINGS
CLASSES FOR EXPECTANT PARENTS INRXLATION TO CERTA'-N.S=OO
DISCLAIMEI NOTICE
THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST
QUALITY AVAILABLE. THE COPY
FURNISHED TO DTIC CONTAINED
A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF
PAGES WHICH DO NOT
REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.
This dissoutatiem was comducted ,~wi fte
DOI
i i
Dis
dir ectim d f eortt•t. ¢ to /tn~- Žas MaJ•t Pwefesso sad was approved by
Acceicr, For •
"4,----- ;7 ..... •-- --1NJ'.i~•T•I",C/~ .1.....
Dist . ..
Sp
EXPKESSLD KLASOk 01 PRIMMAROWS MILITARYT
DEPIJIDIJIU FOR AND "AR NOT ATTEHDUIN
CL.ASS= FOR ZXPLC TAN? PARLNTS IN
ILLATION TO CLItTAlN SOCIO.
UCONOMIC YACTORS
by
£va~mit. Ush., j. N...
A Dlsoe*aU~aaSu~bmi*1fiei I . acuty of 60 School of Nuwsftagof *e G &WM* Usivetalty e Aineaia in PwtWa
Degree Mete olbsftra 5iew
W~hssisaio D. C.
TAULL, OF CONTENTS
Palo
L INAODUC TION . o . o . 0 . 0 0 . 0 . a 0 . 0 . . . 0 . 0 . 1
De5wises of TersReview *I Litotwras
U. MZTMOD orPROCEDUR.E .................. to
MI. PRESENTATION, ANALTSISt AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA ............... 15
The SubjectsThe Soci~esaenfi Fatters Ste01The XRaeems A"n Gommeasts of pul=Aepsas
About Ow Ckumss
IV. SUMMAAXTg CONCLUSIONS AN4DREC OMMWNDAUONS e * e o e o o s . s 35
APPENDICES
A.- Letbey ftequesUf Permis ales to Ceauet
T.he 3*mewbei.... o o o*... o....e......... o o. 40
C . Fitb-Twe Fsetsus Derived From TheImbewiew Scbsiule smi Their CeawectelCM-09swse Vaiues e o*a s.so * 9 o s * soa ..*a. 54
Li
LIST OF ?ABULKS
tablePas*
1. 3UR Ce~isgemmy Table . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3L A~esasso at Clammsse for MxpieetooPsv*Mm bythIM amober ad ClasessA~ ded .i . .. .. . .. 16
S. Facts.. Kouelam to Sestoooaeua= Slat"Calegawlaed Accordimg to ftead Aram..Numaber *I Factm. a"f These FracbmeWhich, mtw t emoase PwtinlpsvaWbe Did and 13d Not Auof Classesfor £apeatu Fare~s"....... . * .* *. .. . 19..
4L A oftsami andRmmo sc at Classesbe Kupetoo pasweon by &a Age ada- Pulmipatas . . s.. .. ....... .e . .. .. . . .. . .. 30
S. Atimsdamem sof I fmesoaso at ClassiesIs, 1apselmt Pason by the Rate ad
4.Atbof ass sof Nm otac at GUaS&esfo 3psWea Pason~ by a*e TO*s"*
MoI.F&Amiy Iinmes od Ibe Pvdpaz an . . . . . . . . . . 33
1. Absdamm and IN -0 --an at Cuass**Am Expeaftmo Pareosi by the pwesenc
S. Fastoes Related to lafluesce of Atisdamseat Classes for ZapsetaMe Parsont by The".F&969"s Whisk Dulaestlted DAWessPfinpem Wbe Did and Did N~et A04"MClasses, Sue "upark"* paresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
9. M~aeeaM emee at ClassesAM EupeetaM Pamf by peoesosoem 01Prio £uglos a INI C are 0 a 0 . 0 0 0 26 s.. 3
Table P age
10. AVeodanoa " Nowtbooaaseo at Classeshr Icupe~t"A pareis by Someo *I
Rirae egarding Avsailailty of Classes . .. .00 .3? .2
11. Ress,6@ OW Nost Atuseliag Classes SWEapectaM Pasums Givea by Prli~pauasWbe DidNot AU *.. . . .*... .Oee . ..* . 39
is. pee sibla Reasons for Auomi~ag Classes hr£zeeu paweat Given by PitmipatasWho Did Not Aftem o . . a o a o * * * o o & o o 30
13. Romemsi hor A~oeliag Classes for ExpecatmPaieets Givea by pwimipaias W~hoAttendd Classes * * a o o o . o * a o o a * . a 33
14. Meet Helpful Tepkes Im~uled in Clsassefsr LZp*Ctel Pateels AeCSfdiag 60Priviparas, Who Athoded The Classes ...... 33
15. Reepoeses to a Requmest hor Ssggs~mw hortinprevseseld is classes Ifo £apeetuatParemis Cives by Pwimmipaas Who &Ad
H eoed obs Classes ............. *..*.****34
tv
CUAPT~a I
"We~Ted r'eeso ov by - es pow.ime~ ad seew~ mm" a.m
*ese="s &@eis. Kae dg ei e SOMiP WAV be Meig to AUW
esmas Wveee As pbhnif Seir war*%$. msiess wifa ""Noe be on-
I ma wmrn ow 00 ... ~Sa pssom qeib sewleask *aS *aMe vwea
beift W be&uSt mesyM bb. 1 Wbsoe, 1b*, ea be os4.vbb a
well as p"Ifte s. wsiib@lea Ae.i bus bowsitstiS
asmen s4wrn4 v, bus ess~ a so" ~MA~P wt6
he,~ues 4bSm.K nw* od a~ I~e ~ s pst#Aft
Usa wumu kewe logoeS M~ q5.F l
a
einpertee than me VhO is fearful. ignorant, mad t.3.4
YoUR& people are marryiag at an earlier age and as a result there
Is ma increase of married mm oa the olower =Ali"tr ranks of the Armed
Fores. Yew yomu pareis knew what "hey should about he chlldbearing
presse amd as a resu•lt re inecure and learful.6 The see" of the young
min ary mawmsd Me expect" wile are compounded by the followiag di-
tidwe blws in the militay savirlweed; the Increased mobility of per-
sml giving sed persetel reesvivsn obstetrical care; the temporary ama-
chesen living situation for mazy young couples; the tenuous or noaeustant
community ties; and the inaccessibility of frlends and relatives. 7 . An at-
tempt has been made in recent years to relieve the insecure and fearful
ZZsess SceS mad A. M. Thompeon. "A Psychological lavestigation of
the Primigraviao. IV Psyeholegical Factors mad the Clincal Phenomena ofLabor," leuna of Ob1tetripM a G eoeis a of ft Bri'th Empire. LXIU(August 1"4). SOL
3 Clarence Davis mad Frank Morreme, "An Objective kLvaluation of aPrepared Childbirth Progrm.'" Ame ma losast, of Obstetrics and Gye -c ~ay LXXIV (November, 19S4), U94.
41Aley U. Miller, "Education etr Childbirlb," Obstetrics mand Ovine-suz XVU (january, 194). U3.
SGertrude F. Alle. "The Increasing Needs of Outpatient Services,"r myHefth NurE"s, ed. Elisabeth A. Pagels (W ashiagtoa, D. G.: ' alter
Reed Army Ieasles of Research, 19?). p. 37.
6%5ael Corbin, "lEducatism for Pareafthed," PblIc .Health ReportsLXXI (Oeober, 195), 10.4-26.
?Pearl Parvis GeCulter, "'The Value of the Health CowaU in ProgramOV)"M A1rm He&lMh lWistela ,d. Elisabeft A. Pagels (W ashg•~a&. D. C.:Walter Reed Army Instite of Research. 1957), pp. 49-50.
8ielom L. Fisk. ""The Army Health Nurse Ceotributes to Total Pa-tiMt Care," Army BMM.t Mlurst. ed. Elisabeth .,. Pagels (W ambigtow. ID. C.:Walter Reed Army Ititele of Research. 19S7). p. 134.
3
feeinags ad expedtsaxt parents, beft in mdilitary and civilian ceinedties,
ftrough eapectmat paves education.
Classes be expectant par ents are expanding I& number througkost
the Us""~ A&Ilo and are being ace epied as an essental part ol prenatal
care by a growing sectiona &*fdcters# =was*@. am pareeds. especially those
who are expecting thei rsUnt, baby. 9 The exact umbter ad classes amew 0-
bstia ins& te ivilian commutby throughout or cowatry is unknwn. As of
June. 1%4. classes far expectant parents woe. hbeing taught as 95 per coat
of the £* thre Umaifd tAntes, Army insalation~s arouod the world where
Army Memfth Nurses are assigned.1 0
In spite *I ashefat that education ber childbirth programs are ia-
c" .Isisg is number, it Is indicated thatk they are reaching a minority of ex-
11pectant parents at say given time. It to estimated that approximately 10
per coat of Owe expectuit parents In New Tork City atteuded some type of
classes ber expoestas paref. 12A study conucted at as Army Geineral
Hospital revealed that only 23 per ceat *I the 345 prlimiparas, who delivered
inmfau oeve a foar -mofth period. amlended classe ber expectant parents.
""What's What, About Classes lee Pareets." 11h159a XX (March.1956), 48.
lostwrview with Alhabs Mammorly. Army Res,1th Nursing Consultant.Office of the Surgeon Cemeral, Deparbtia ad the Army. December 4, 1964.
%olon M. Wallace, "The Xpldmmeuleffg of Maternal ad ChUM118*40 12fgb d. Marjorie 1. Carrigan and Lucille L.Corcoran (Washingto@6D. C4 The Catholic Usiversity Press, 1943), p. 199.
U Whats 1k hat About Classes ber Parefts," op i. p. 41.
thouh Classes Were available to all. 13
While the llteratwor seems to indicate that classes fow expectant
PONe06s are boeft~ial and such classes are available. there appears to be a
large peressue of the eapectoot par ents Ubo to me at end.
W allae has Indicated that we msiot meet to mfedify our approach to
ePecaa pareet education so that the meets of mere par ents will be met.14
Bebire swediflatien are made we meet morn. infrmatisa an What motivates
expectant parxats to act the way they do. i Why are some expectant parents
receptive to the idea @f classes Set expectant paweats? 16 %y do some ex-
pectoet parets" with little or so apparent knowledge of childbirth "al to at-
tend owese classes?17 Scot and Thempeso said t~hat "emfci~et child-bearing
will be indue~cet by away hetors but no so musch as the nmoher her -
sofL*1 Mothers are a product of their emviremmemts therefore, we should
13Lvaliaje 3. Maker. "Wky Are the Structured Lxpectaut Parents'Classes at Brooks ýzray Medical Coeaer Poorly Afteaded?" (uapimblishedS"e ISetuy submiste to the Nursig science Section of the medical y'iel~dService School. Fort Sam Heustes. Texas, May 8, 1964), p. 1.
t4 w-alace. OL ct
is Alfwet Tanksaer &Ia. pwegms~l. CMHilbrh "the N2oNaa Period.SandLxistElm Paremb Clasoes (Albany. IN. T.: Now York State Departmentof Health 1956), p. 11.
"Mrylame Rmerborde "The Greatest Values is £xpectamt Pawents'
Programs,** GUNNd Famil Viamel XLX (May-June 1960), 59.
"1Carelys 1111asbeft Coweor. "The -dctea and Luvotiosal iffec-tivemess of a Selected Tralwl-isjL Chilbirth Program Is the Opinien of thePrimigravidi and Ner Mubea' "aebise Masterso dissertation. ý'ýcbooiof Nursine. The Catholic University of meia. 19S9). p. 30.
"LileenScott and A. Mi. Thoumpson, "A Psychological Investigation of
prinsiravidass 1-Methods."' Journ of Obstoucs sand qfyme2EOlo of theOriishJEI~d~pL.XU (lase. 19S4). 331.
conider thir secie~seesamc bachgr em saad iater pret their behavior in that
Knowledge Of the reasons why prlmipawas do sad do not attend
classes few expectant parents and Ike relatioshsip betwee attendance or am-
alleaisace and certain seci~eesesmmic factors should result inama increased
understanding of Ike problems. It is hoeds thbat through this acquired &is -
cerunwat of the printiparas in questisa, mere astate asedhfeatims ia the
area of expectant parent oiucadea will result.
The study was limited, to sue Army Gerneral1 Hospital. Arnother Haual-
taties, was the small sieof 60th sample* which consisted of a tota of forty
primiparas who were divided into two groups of twevity primiparas each.
The basic assupion~s In.tOds study were;
1. Classes for expectant paernts provide material which is
Meaning~ful to m04kers;
2. Som-t mothers fal to masin classes for expectant parents;
3. Some mothers attend classes fir expectant par eats; sand
4. Mothers will express their reasns.. for atteadiag or failing to
attend the classes.
The fullowing hypotheses wore tested in thi study:
1. There will be as difterence between primiparas who attended
aidS& Dlarfid, "Social Factors La Obstetrics, .' et I(Juse i5. l149)0 1079.
classes for expectant "muen" and Puiinpsras who &Md so
atieni such Cla.... in terms ad certain socioeconomic factors..
A. The majority of Peimiparas failed to atlee classes for oxpec.
tont paroeat because they do not Seel a used for the informs.-
tio presenWe.
DeiMses 91 Terms
Th. fellowiu toras are dofmed in the some. im which they were
used in s sthecdys
Deseadoets of milr personnl -women, who are depoadeat upom an
active duty member of the United SWtats Armed Forces for their support.
which mmes are eligible for medical services, from the governmeat of the
United Ast.. of America.
ZEM Ma..dopendeaft of military personel who hbd recently give&
birth to their fisat baby.
Ras,8Ms uiVes bT .rmurs.s~lmesgiveR by mothers stating
why they atieadod or failed to alkn classes for expectant parents.
Classes for Soofetent varift -a series of tkr~o or smoe classes
designed to prepare expectant parenals for childbirft man parenthood.
Aftemidane at classe tSew ossectan OEMtssreferred to mothers who
aiteddany mem or more ON the classes Mor expectant parefts in any given.
"teies ad 16ree or more classes.
Fadma to aOewi classes for qurmp~n gsregM! -referred to mothers
who did as aiteed any type of classes for expectant parents during their
factors which are associated with limeme.
type ed eccupation. and education and which might have a bearing on whether or
S44 primiparas would or meowd aet attend classes for expectant parents.
Review gfLteew
A survey of litersturse revealed studies which were deosmiged to ideter.
mimte why puimmiparas dfd or did aS attend classes hor expectmAt parents. Other
stidies weref h'Is which a dtmbie 1sieeeicd~isfreaces was
made. between puimmipara., who atmuaded, slasms. for expectant parents sad those
who did met stead any such classes.
Conceras which Motivated twoaty-Smis expectant mothers to enroll tn
a select class fer expectant parefts were studied by Flammery who found That
seventy-o igtper ceat of the Amters expressed c~eara related to .ome as-
pect of labor sand delivery. Moeves per coat were cancemrsd about the wet-
fare of the mother and the baby. Severn per Coat wanted to exchange ideas
with ether class participants. while the remmainn fbur per codt attended as
a result of the suggestlos of the doctor. 2
Baker found that ream eas gives by Mieesa selected psimipereus military
dependents for net attending classe* for expectant parents were: lack of trains-
pertatea biecause the husband worked evemings; and se real teasse. 0"just didn't,
amtn.Z
205ister Michael Marie Flammary. 'Expressed Concemns Which Mo-tivate Lxpectant Mothers to Register fa a Selected Training for ChildbirthPregram o (p shedMasteres dissertaties, School of Nursing. The CatholicUniversity of mmerica, 1%2), p. 15.
2"Iakers 09. ci. p. 5.S
S
Davis ead Ioereme revealed that paw who are Under the age of
twesa.t witk mly a Ui&h schoel education or less. usually did aet seek
classes fr expe•t•nt paOSt. as 901ea as the elder be~ter educated paesnt.
The les well edueated parwe were, as a rule. in the lower socieeco-
mion€i Sreep.21
Scoe .t &I. stiedid 276 primigrasVdao in Aberdeen. Scotsd to ex-
amie th relatieoship betwea intellisome aOW attedaaco at classes for ox-
pectank pareats. bhen the scores em the W *echler -joellevue imtlligoce test
fill below averase withia each social group the rate of ateadance at the
classes alse decreased. The overall attendance rate at the classes for ox-
pectant parests was 39 per cost i& tke middle sad upper social groups ad£3
Z5 per cont in the lower social groups. Roasoms brought out in this study
for eonattendance at classe for expectasnt paresat varied. Tho author cited
this as fallows: "IlWaess or special domeattc responsibilities accounted for
some but most thought it was better sot to know too much about the process
of childbirth they felt that they would do better if they did not know too
many details."24
From literviews with 283 primiparas, Yankauer etat. foumd that
mothers who did met atkend classes for expectast parents differed from those
Davis and morreme, op. p 0.,. 1197.
1 33 Lmees it. Scett, R. 1. Maeley. and Mario. L. Ralts. "A Psycho-
logical Inveetigation of Primigravidac: IlU-Some Aspects of Maternal Be-havie.'" ;ousal of Obseterics ad a snd e e! rr o0 the Rtisk ES&ro. LXM(August. 1"96). 397.
2 4 fDd.. p. 501.
who did sMemd ta cortain socioeconomic characteristics. Those who did aom
ased we met a well educated and lived en smaller Ifmily inoomes. The
eecumptews of their husband& carried loes prestige and were move menal in
.harsater. The researchers concluded that fte group who did not attead
were, in general, frem the lower socioeeeomic group; however. a sigxnA-
cask perion. of the mothers from the lower secioeconomic group did atteadeas
The reasms for -e-tteadaace, given by primiparas in this study were simi-
lar to those mentioned is the previously reported studies; however, 41 per
ceat of the 131 primiparsa who did met attend the class** did not kaow that
they were available.36
Of the studies reviewed. none related directly to the area selected
for this study, namely, atteodaace of military depeadents at classes for ex-
pectant parents as related to certala socioecosomic factors.
•5ysakaisr a1.. ,Oh. SJi. p. "4.
a s T a k__ _.0a. , * a . A C.
-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~P ... |36.om mmiiommil -I ..
COMA"=~ U
mZTMOD
Sine ais olaf is saw m M Mw a.m*" ullostias fs doeeup.
tgebVMS uase fie obl 0`0a "Sm. for vis ""To~
The slaf was cooustA an we we"ats w ad 61as Axvm Ges-
seal Useapal I"M" in ** W. EateraU as 6ll a fe VM9~ OW"e. Tki b
m~e ammber ad 6do~akes at Ow hospibal eam amin was abovA da&t. 4
per eSM *I which were uiprs.This bftt re"ered aststvical
Services to ceutmia etivlamus as wel asato depodeafs ad oduar7 persemmal
from a&U busuhes of *a AruAsg Ireee. A series 61 Urg clsasse for ex-
pertaed pagets" wae aymilabls to anll Srealerod suposetsi Pares all o abere
savesm hospiftL. Thee. was Maea a series 61 oft classes afred is 69 styl-
The Army Msaft Nursi% Cinuitmate In 6w OU0se ad lbS Surseem
Gloeiars, Departinei 61 Ow Araq. was Ginmuftei by toisphoes regaiwlag a
Pana1ma sfts for o slaf am a lmoir reesstlas prIssIea to gadget as
"Imarom moeys ad Lereus, 1. Usdermsm. Jew eat esacla fefts (P-lsei- a 1. 5. Lippiwei ". 1%!)p p. SIC.
.1arts, V. GeM" WM Dousas M. sealse. no"" Anne"(New Terhi Applotma-Casomry-Crafts* las., 195 p. Sol.
stedy was &ad t is w Ca ta Offcer ed 60 s4.istd bospital. 3 Writ-
esa pervsidesio was quickly Smrlbeemift.
A personl laftiiew was Cenducedi wiM OW Chieof Nursing Sorv-
ice, Ow Army Meals11 Nurse. and *o Nursing Supervisor of Ow Obstetrical
Service to ezplals a. purpose and insMed of*e study. Verbal perissaiest
was Bsom~b and obtained froin so ebestuical supervises to use*0 sunr sing
recerds to determine who woul be eligible fos inclusion In tba Oaft. A
plan was noide for OWe review of IAe recerds med for theviwug* Pa~
Idesis. The eriteria [email protected] stuy was to select prizatparoms mdilitar do-
pooieats whO did a" did I" attend classes for ezpocised parenst.
The subjects cessisted of two groups of twenty primiparas each.
The first group comprised fte first twesby palamiparas sadnidted to tba pest-
psrtesi wrd afher August 15. 194S. who bad attended classes for ezpectant
parents. The second group included &oe first tweatr puimziparas admi$ed to
Ibe pwistpatms ward after August 14, 1%S who had ust aitendied Owe classes.
A itotl of thirty-samis weess were insterviewed. It was decided by fte psy -
chiatris cOMsultt that SIM 'WOMBS, who had aitauded he classes, could set
be interviewed due tos a assis euteal ditubaee eswing delivery.
Fee th. data c.U..U.., aas Interview schedule was constructed and
used as a gStde wtth each sapseimat Umefthr. 3 0 This enabled Owe Interviewer
is elicit infoematimo hem the partcpasts with greater efficiency. To Iscili-
taft its use, Ow guide was divided iske Wooe sections. Seit~em I consisted of
specific Itoms psataining to background informed*&m about ike expectant
2 Uppomdix A. S0AppOEixuII 5.
IS
paras.emek as. 11moeSaemi. sociamesete aftohe. A" t"ueoum regawdiag
6s IAL-,nmg alleadmotne at classes Ina expeaftoo pereads. Thoe. quene -
mom were &@&Ad ad all particpans I Lash 060. &Seadao* U and III eam-
p~a Momms VAh wer come OWe speeAidsafl wft aueodmeo at CUaSS*$
Ae mpoebtmi parem~m $seem U was directed toard ftheme who did 22 at-
tend he clsees and Secti.on53 was directed toward theme who did. .ath
omand aed closed ead Suwedome were Lmaclded is all three sieme.
The iaterview Schedule woo peteateed an two priiniparas who had
.,Med~dclases* for expectmas parseil mand as two who had mak. As a result
adW preemmodaiy stody the feleowlag revisism were mane.
1. Throe questions were reverted ia order to csrt4 their
mmeasagas.
Z. The qrneeem, cmeratag nommem did a"t elict the dosirea is-
Jeormtkaf as stAtuE; therefore, OUh~siem was eheag ed to zouostly
locome.
3. Qae item peevelod Iequat.. theresue. so eos. ead questiom was
4. Qag qugeism was faimad to be wedundook fthreftrwe ft was dele0e.
The dafta were collected wowr a two-momth period. erimsparas who
had 0"8068ed Classes Im eapectame parsem" vwer readily aveisblie ki ow-
ever, 69ee who had Wtended were lmmetbd ia smmher. The Laterviews were
conduted wftMa twony-fter to aftet*-sis bowsi alker deavory. rks re-
spommes were medaeyrecorded as the 6lerview ocebdule. The data
we"rei theamoserred to tabulation sheets.
Dole grow £fty-t tafter.. Whrly .mse related to social sconswa
of^%&s awl Wthtes. related fie inAusato of alowisae at clases. law expec -
taut parades &*rivod from Owe iaterview schaedle were quaidUed sod divided
lottwo a. uhpoups, a low subgroup and a Mhih subgroup 31 The two sub-
groups Were Obtsid by lbhusi.te data wham aoesesary atk Oh ape
piroelmate combined medium. saasuro for be& groups. The data veto them
cast In$*a U2. cadiageasy table, as Absere Is Table.3
a"1 CONTDGWMCY TAB'LL
No, of measures No. off MeasuresSelow Approwimte AbOrt. ApproIma'wCambia"d Medium CeMbined medium
A~kended (A) ()(A +2)Class
eD" Gl4 s ('G) (DC (t))
Total (A +C) (SAD) N a(A+*BCiLD)
because of the &xnal number of od e*lonreo duo to the als30 of te
two Broups of primie las* teSlaoWifn CU-squae formula with Talo'. cot -
rotefta Was weod to determine If the two groups difted elfaulaadwy in
31Appeadhi C.
Meary S. GCrve* cad A. *S. Vvoodwert, gt.UslftIstPochla!EIE.(New York: David McKay Coo, M%1), p. &65.
14
vefla ~ fee to 0 sadsew b 1- al
Thu gwesbilf 49 obleain a chi-suaim as large or lare &an 6w
obswv" thi.suar. tubes bovasatpl.es of~ urn some as was reed from Ow
appropriate taM.. Thee. yalues for O. Aft-Ows, factors ae foo 6akm
poodis C. The valuesa ow OU. .M.so mowre considered te be signiteank
Owf S.pirbawlit of Occurrence VaS .S6 or less.
Mie goeetiews emsse1,1a revosme~ s to and comeuf abed classes
for ep eftwi paweats prodused datla which move placed is tables and on-
roomue vu * am subjecetd to samlysis.
Auslysls Of So data appears im OW pweseedimt Chapter.
VFW
PSESKTAT"*SI ADIALT53. AND
UW35PULTATUQP OF VATA
A toln ed be* pp&--a I *wev misdeldfa im laslme la so mey.
Of two% $we bed, Susmedi Cuomo. far ooefnstm pinreaf "A e *&NO w
a"t almseiede 4W muh ebsass. 0mm ad*ate. l putLparse w~a bd at-
test"d classe~ lar epealet parent caul no be inmeeulewe ate request
of her psy abat ems....e a. towabi ew~le ade sea VMS waft IVt-
Ube. wise. O eusopm elee.e pwlmlpmrs. an ftee vh~im had&WAS class es
Om supostim poeaf afeaid Seam~em &to t Ow Army Glems..1 Wsepdt whoee
a" Siay Wa ."uewted. The am wiMipr VAb Samaded, elm.... elsoe
vdher o, aeded Cuomeo hich vw*r speasereei by a lawp dewbosm deport-
swag Mew @- AU ad O ipwm* Ca emeowa *be. ha " &Met~ated .3.....
EMO SapeCtMM& psrOft bO 664 "a e WO SIre lm So Armyj bespia).
ITOWe It abaft a~Madasme at eblas Emr suomueatm pasret by te, ammber of
As ahowrs ia Ow %aMe# hwrtsso Se 14 per Ceal ad *w aludemw
putWhom ae mtadad Class .. mmplimld a swues ad S.. efts~ee. ahM
se*. at Par06%Cok sari"epeld me. ad elm lmas.... Tim el a serts" ad
1O5
three cloasses were sommil" by Owoes or 16 per gook *1 the FPrimipa'
Ose. or 5 per 414, ad the pwimmipares avendd em ed a series od three
classes. Wilk Oke esuepm so asth series 61 six Classes which see primal-
pmr em~ an * of Chelassestladeoe4 by 60 primiparas were Ius" by
the same tafvwual. with. Owe saistme el a1 pe"i speaker* wrhe varied gram
series tosoriles. L~buts were mom" for the emphasis Is terms ad esseate
and rnthew to be kept as comparable, as, possible In seach series..
A??L?4DANGZ AT CLASS"S FOR L6XPLCTANPARINT4S ST IME NUMW.RA OF
CLASSES ATTLNDW
C lassesnumber Per CsAd
4imie .. 19' 10
The thirty-ga. pelodparam, lasluded in the stoy ranged in age Iwre=
sevoemes Io hirty years of age. Twentysix ON them were under the age of
twemiy-foe The majestoy. ew lhdtee4of. Ow themitoes peimmiparas who at-
toaid" elms.. for *KPOCONA parefto wror ever the as* of twest -ftwo, while
Soe jenu~y -hrt.... ad as prhrtkpawas mb AN a"t allod alasses, were
ander the ago a ***moeetwooe
?wemmty-si *I Obe 1313 grow a5 Umbf-m5ae, Flimipaw were Can-
csia and Ob tirteem, ware J4800- ZWe Of the Caucasian PwlmiPrsas were
from £eatinote elbow VMuS the Unkled Slatee. rho majerity, Or sevemeatee, o5
tae Sasmtee pritmiparas who stood" Classes I" eupectmet parees" were
Caucasian. The majoew, or eleven, .5 the Iweasy prin paas. who du mot
a~eet classes move Not"e. beth of the immign berm primipsars were in
t"e group that asented class"s.
Of the thiry-eme, primipaas, Incluediun Owth steya ft"htytree
were Proeatesals and six were Cethele. There were Wkeem Pretestank
priniparesis the greup th allsemied ciSSOSS and *elghteem In the steep that
dud mot aSoeet Cuomse.
The ofe~es "0in .5 he hrty-21m primipawrn imeuded im
6 the d iamowe from ollee soth tooi &rede to completio ad mste
years of sellege. AU el he aminteem priniparse who s&eeted classes for
eapeebet psweafm cesplete high seheett set three of them completed Ieer
7~0r of gollag. Three of thes primipeasa whe d" me" aleed classes for
expstetparem"I a"d cemaplee hisk *cheat. and moes of them cernpeteld
"m~ years of gone"g.
The husbeads *I the thirt-Wkme prindpamrs were eider sand WAd com-
petled -. e years *I termal educalies theSmthir whves. Twonfly-fte, f
thMM wore mter the age of OWeety EVe. As prOV&SUDIV meted *WestyM Ofse
th ure wervoe under the age of tweaft -We. None of the husbands whose,
wige alloodd classes hor eupostaut parmr were inwier the ago.* of wes"
smg two were wowe Ie ugp of ~Ikty. Three of Ike hosboads. whom. wive*
did a44 SOMA a classes were Mier the ago f twom* amd, sme were ever
the age e4 thrtf.
The edumes~mI a~smmiin ad the iWl-nime busbuide rafted from
compleogmof OW~ tomfi $rAde to comple~em of OW requ"Owemims law a ages-
torale of Phblosophy. AU . .e So usbaads whos" wives attended class.. for
ousi- parei semapletmi bilk school. sand *in ol 11m completed laws of
mor years of college or proebsionial school. Three . of We sboam& who"e
wives did a"l masod classes for expectant pawemad" askme complete bdob
school. md now ol sum coompleted Moore mam lowr years of college.
The miMtary rank *1 %* 11iity-skso busbanids whose wivo* were
included Is the a"e rofted from Private Kl or its oquivalool to Caposia or
iM eeuivalsmt. Two of the busbudas whose, wives slemioded classes for ox-
POONAe Parents were of a rank less ahuk Cor poral of its equivalent WA
01gh6 Vlere ON a reank ol SoC.md LioutemaSt or its equivalemt or above. Tea
of the husbaods whose wive* id not allsad classes for expectamA Parents
were ad a rank of less tI"s Corporal or its equivalentad etwo~ were Of a
task ad second Lieutsenu or its equiveloot or above.
The $010604"Meig Imser. Aftuie
03W oftOW purpose* of Wei sudy was to tabremmate between iwe
groups ed primipara.. mammoly. those who sueoded, classes for expectsam
parefte a" those who d"d a" In terms 01 certini socieeosesad factors..
A toal ad M~y-We factors. 60by-aftos related to secteecossoic sivis sand
1,
thirteen related to infiluese of attendance at classes for *xpectoed pusue~s.
were ineusaWd. (A ppmedb C). The sigi~cauce of &Mdta a differeme
as large or larger than te observed between th, two groups *I priwiparas
was determimed by applieasam &I te chi-square test with Yales cerrecdeae
Table I presents the fcets. related to sgeieseeseinic statqp
TABLE: 3
FACTORS RLLATLD TO SUCIOILCONOMIC STATUS CATKGORI.E-A(CCORIDI4G TO IROAD ARKAS, NUMBILR OF FACTORS, AND
THOSE FACTORS %HICH DLFlrRKNTLATLXJ BET ,E.NPB.IMIPARAS %HQ DID AND DID NOT ATT)LkD
CLASSLS FOR KxPgMCTANT PAILNTS
Number *1 Factors $iC*McaatBroad Arem, Factos at the .05 Level
C onsidered or BEW oz
Persoml Data ..... , • 0(a) 9(3)Medical Care *...... .... 4Ldueat..s . . . . . . . . . ... . ...Fataly Backareoud . . . . . . .
Milkry Service . . . . . . . . . 3 . .1116MO . 0 a 0 . . a * * . . 0 . . 1 *(33)
Area ef Resie=ne .0. . .a. .0 . . 3 .Living A eo naod mi . . . . . 3 9(38)Transpertatieo . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . .Other Famiy Cbaxactertacs . . .
The miaiber in parlesis ( ) cerespmds to the number ofIke bew In "Fioy-tw* F ctores Derived from the baterview Scheduleas* Their Corrected Chi-square Values." (Appowdia C).
categerised according to broad areas. This table aiso shows the factors
wbich appear to discriminate between the two groups of respomdents at the
,L A L A h . . . . . , . ..... ... . . . ... d ... . ... . . . .. .
10
Speelied .05 Level lpWAace or. boyssi. Xach of the thirty -si factors
SeU Am" me of elom differest categories.
Of tUe eleves categeries shown la Table 3, perse"al data, Wiems,
a"d 1mge VrAmmeit•a s weresd Coe aea a tetotal of fea fbes
w*hub dUorenmatd beIeAas o twe groups el roopfdemts at the .0$ level @r
sayemd. Those four facters weret age sad race of Us petulparattal
me ssylly iaeme. ad paseme ad[ to buabesid ia the hoe. The hype-
thesis which stated that "there will be so dUibrece between priwimparas who
stleaded classes feo expectea perests a" UIrmipars who did net attesd
sueb classes is term of cerlsia socioecsmic factors" was rejected.
A presenation of echk of thi flow secloocessmic factors whck were
leod to be "ISimCast bUos.
Table 4 pvesa the S ato as oemrAag Ow age of th eubjects.
TABLJ 4
ATTI9iDANCL AND NO)IATT?;IDANCL ATCL.ASSLS FOR EXPECTANT PARENTS BY
TME Aim. OF TiL PaInIPARAS
Age]Prmmilaa Total
Under 22 U sad Over
Aemided el* s . .. . . 6 13 19
Did aet"a end elass . . 14 6 20
ToW .e. 30 19 39
Uf a It x. a 4.31 P <0s5.
S. ... ....... Iliiiill~~lift il| i i i I
It, "ar be *eem bemn Table 4 Skat over *W.5jd of So li peimparass
age owsow-twe and gy. asended elasesom bexmpoes" pasaei. The To-
vow" W"tas for bePwtsparas unerf ao a"e ad tweisy-twos appemaiAMM
am-a~d" of Sa" age orp, asooded aso classes. Tugs olserved d1Ieresaa
between So two Waps was beed to be ~siofeast at Ow.e05e leveL The
observed P baMty indicates flat Soe shas"e ad Andfta pe"Paras tweo.
two Tom"adss a"s or overe rafter S1aa OWMY We years of age or sofor. is
repeated seamples ad We sine draws kmn so same poua-s ate, at
great"r (" saws e ad Is* ameug Ss. vs, haebve afteaded classes for
-ezstoai paremin IS amomnng aseo whO have af saomiadd such classes.
As prevously soled. Davis as& Mervine .1., bas age to be a
diWseWMA"g fastsr boetross pagees" who did WA did a"asod CUaOMO for
oupectoan poaenbs. The aso facto was tweol Vyears ed age ia their stedy
as Compared to tessty-two years ad aso Is a"s sftsdp
Table 5 skews the An ins relatv'e to So cse e of S prinipsrase.
D A& repea I hat over twothirdis .f to Gaucaslaa primipaas &$box&" classes
for expects"t paroafts while apprometeloy aewometth0 of the NOW primi-
pares issod ed, IbMs observed dSawemsso boluse So two gpemps ad prini-
parse wvas IbuM to be slyillaat bopound So .41 level. The observed prob-
ability Inde i..t.. at Soa chancs. of faludig Cauastas~ priniparas rathir
Sham Negro, priiniparas, ia repeated samples of Ws. else draws grow Soe same
pepulaflss &tfre is geator (95 61mosS cut ad 100) &mous owes. TWo hav at-
tested classes for expeclask paroate lisa &Owes these who have not
%savia and Morrems. op. cit.
----- -----
- seek *le~ss.
TARLE 5
ATTWAC AND NMOAITISSANISC ATCLASIS FMB IEXPCTANT PARENTS WT
TUC RACK OF TUE P9bMPARA"
Caueftelas moe,
AtbmW" aelses,0 17 3 1
D" " fs" ale"es .. 9lie
M a 113 a*3 P. p <,-$
Moa ~nva I O 16W sta. el~yo bmdly loisme of the pubmlparas
or. predss% ha Table . a" suem that thuem-fthe o &* th IwI-if&"* Vwo
spa~ a $866 1. W minf1y "aWess of $400.00 or efo &*mdod clasese
fo oupseata paarso. The reverse, was, %me Sor privdara vwh repwOed. a
total. nm*ly m*=t bwans ad uner $40.001 appmimaftly meS-evth ad
us great aoftwind the lsasses. ?us obseved 418Eewom b~em twom s
gewof p Inipwas was feud to be olgdl.ouv beyev of the .01ievl. The
,i.*babrm .Obsrved In Tabl. 6 haestes IM thM chawas.of Softa prinf-
per"s Me top&?%& a tostal. S11 ie Iy. ~ly bw~w ON $400.00 or ever
rafter ft" nd $406.00 fa repeateds amplesa oft~s "as drawn bon the
same popelatllo aig sr Poster (99ows out of 100) axm& sthee who have
&*www elm... for w-Wg p*.of 0"mm & Oe. 16sUb bon 01 04"
ATTKAG AND MQNATEWOAMGL ATCLASSES FOR &"=ETAUT PAMENTS ST
TMl TOTAL* MOVUT La FAWLY IN-CONS OF TUBE PRIMWARAB
ida# 1?mwe booms
$400 - Is". $4"- eove
A~eadede Sea. 4 1
DWTO .e ~.te . 19 30
di a11aeut .90 P c'f
TOWl T sbows 466L iela~v. 10 4W PsMe 09 O blus"e ia 610
oem. Sk is vW goat ever twoe.014fsO .1 1splms wboe" busbad
WON 0 ps"W" in *0 heem &U*ON& a. elm.... W a.p~ases
sin ad So p 4idF1sipr wboo hamebado wele a"S prS Is 60 h@110 at-
%aim&. Tb. eSwewvotd 4tvews, betas.. ow two groups *1 Pwi~psrss was
luewdto be stget~Met beyem a* .01 UeyI. The eoerYSI& puelbmfty IMU-
*&auI" Oat ebaweeso efditaiiPrimgsiow who resfie uilO aSde husbamis
isftle amm &psat fiem Swi husbea* La roPe"te sampa., Of we. "So
4,sMM bern 0* saw" popsiates, are S"g sweael *E99 tome ONI lee) *smeug
94
ames Wbe have *emde clasese aw ezpectm pamuf ea em &MAN *m h
ATTENDANCE AND DSONATTENDAWAC AT CL.ASSESSFOR EXPSGTANT PAAENT 51 TKE PRESENCEt
OF TUX MUSNALN in Tug mohm
iPweseet N*t Present
A~oodedclass .. 1? a 19
D" Noattendel~se * 9 It zoo
Table 4 presmis a amommay ad So ~adtsm haers related to La-
Amenc. ad a~namse, at el~soa imSo.expectant psseats. This table also shoms
Ibe bo~e$"* lo whihWr mm to be sismiflemt as so .S5 level Wbey".
Of Obe tirosem bmet.. Wblebw Vmmtd in Table 6, two,
prer e. .pe'tme. i imam*e e a"* MA oure of LAmumUemms uegautai avail-
aMby 0 Se 4 Ulsefes m ett L.asbess WS td *te two gtamps ad
pLparse at I-, spoeStAle level ad .itSUMICOee. A disesmasiom *I eah of
Ibs.. 6beta'squaws..
Table 9 presmi Ow daft relative to prioer peUwtem La inahat
TAJ" S
FACTORS RELATMD TO DIFLULNC.L OF ATTILMZJANJLAT CLAUS$E FOR MXPfCTAN? PARENTS &T TMQSL
FAC TORS VIMCM DIFFERLNTRATWD SLT LENPRWIPASA WMO DID AND DID NOT ATTLNLU
C LAMES FOR LXLC TAM? PARXNTS
F actors Sigm61Aalroosters ComieUre6 alk 6W .05 Level
or asys"
zut"e usfrom bowsto h~espi .....
PAWit. euperism In LabMA *me .... ()Source ofl1w~ relIatta.
aweilMtg W1 claeases .... (45)Lacuraged to olld ecise.*.. s
Souce so emweIle A *.e***Dlacmvaraed to ateindcc Class. ..
Sea** efteu sourcse of
Type of otr souce OR
Souce of vew falorbumatioa .. a.. 0 .Selow. ad wWila L-Nalerua . . ... .6
tibr ad souees ed writlem
*Tbe inber in paswaeewb ( cew iespooe to dwmmb.,b efser adO Adi "Fift4we Jatwe so VotwAd gremfte Iabgvi"e SobadI. and Thir Correct"d Chi-sqmeroVolumes. (Appowii C).
TAM" 9
ATTLKOANCL A#4D NONATTZ440ANCL AT CLASMSSFOR 5LXPECIANT PARIJEES S1 POSSESSION OF
PRIOR LXPLRILNCE Do INFANT CAAE
Prie EXpensmes.in ININA Gave
Pwtimipsaes TOWs
A ~ *1&" 6s... 13 19
ow a" aset cuss .. 14 430
To0 19 39
49 0 Is x * 4.*)33 P
Daft In Ike above Imbe, reveal Got ower tw*-Vivds *I Ibe pnti.i
per". Ube dud am he wq Pei"r epewime. is tofu* care amusded classes
for expecten pavefte. The reverse was %rme Sen prnkpara. vwh reported
prio ouolefc in ina *are approudstely mu-f"at we is reap at-
tamded 6e Classes. TbIs observed diWaeas. beftem the We $roepo was,
ftndt be signSeaM at the .05 level. The observed probability indicates
tbat t hamebas ee &60" primiparas who have mot bad say prior expeut-
eace In SIAt gare rather thea these whobm ha A Badsck eupeutea in re-
peldsuinpaes Wa aims . droaw from the same poelmatle are Sew greater
(95 umess ad~ 61 iS) seeing goe" who hwoe auWeed classes sen eapectmai
pages tia" smugw tese, Who, have met aseaded sNab classes.
Tashm" 6 & also fto Ibat memism who &sa& classes for on-
patMPreO6. ver. Ies" apt to hae Wd prio experleace is car&"a 10 an
Data s merofas The s"We* so Safieruma~ses oards"la. my Mla of
Classes Am expectant psref are sbows in Table 10.
TA5LKA 10
ATTENDAGCE AND NONATTESEDANCK A?CLASSES FOR EXPECGTANT PARENTS ATSOURCE OF 114FOR MATIOIN REGAIRDING
AVAILARILITY OF CLAMSS
pwimtparas-- ol
Verbal Written
Atteiid class .. . .. 14 5 19
Did matetaU.class * 6 13 1**
TOWtal 20. Is 38
~One primpasrc who du 1m a~b~d asclasses so"an shu s ot hus 0 bout Ibhem.
is Iswm ~Is 60 above fable that ahmst two-gurw" .1 the petmi-
parse whob repowted a Verwa seinrce as "er Ilest Bowre*o Lad wae we-
*&d& Clsses fo *soto pae aMketi classes. wbuo appremismatly
54Tsikame S1J..~kflmi~e 3
oe.gthird .1 these who reported a writtes source attended. The observed
di~eueace between Owe two groups wait s*Ilcant beyond the .05 level 01
signufasate. The preceding priebability indicates that the chances adfiAnding
pU'indpaasS who learned about classes for expectant parents through verbal
sources ran.W than written sources is repeated samples *1 this sis. drawn
fromi the same popunlation are far $reeter (9" times OVA of 100) suing those
'Who have attended classes for expects"t parents than &Me" thoee who have
sot attende" such classes.
The £eogtieins &ad C.Semnent. of
PrizmissrA6 Ak bet h Classes
The primary purpose of this study was to ascertain the expressed
reasoas of the two groups of priuaiparous umilitary dependents for attending
or fer ao* &Sateding classes for expectant parets". In order to accomplish
this purpose, the twenty peimiparas who did not a&"ead classes far expec-
taut parents were asked two questions: the first concerned personal reasons
for not attending classes; and the second dealt with possible reasons Amr at-
tending, seeh classes. In addition. the ftietes peim1 parase who had attended
classes for expectant parents were asked three questions: the first ceacersed
per sews) reasons for attomdiag class*# for expectant parents; the secon re -
gjarded the meet helpful topic discuss"d in the classiest sand the last dealt
With saggoss an for imprevemeat in Whe classes. A discussi1on of eaoh of
these questimn follows.
Reasons ber a@t atteading classes for expectant parents, gives by
primiparas who did not attend the classes, are shewk ia Table U,.
a,
TA L..E U
]itASOMS FOR NOT ATTliN[DING CLASSLSFOR L_%PLTAMT PAALNd G/YLN BYPRUUPARAS WHO DI NOT ATTLND
Reason Gives V Per eest
Did 4 *a toso pise ...... 13 6
Lived tool away.... .o.. 3 15
feeobusy.*.......*... ... 1 5
DidNsaod ow W _ Isamas . .. I
faLd a #so tmhks .s.e ..... 1 5
Did nmot wahoetthso •.• ..• 1 5
T04 &a .. ,100
As *bose In *9 above table te umajority. or 60 per cst. of the
twoffty Ploovi& who did no stlead 4"sass fo espeetmat pareats said that
ftelvdid a" warAto **ades a~em."* This is supported by fte pueviessly moted
fet that S5 per cad el Weis same 8reop of piiniparas did not resie with
their hasboads. La view eW tis alesmatles, saime the nUttary mua sad his
wik are oea sopsrated as a reubt of military orders, cosmidoraAss should
b *twste Soe appoepoiatemoes o@ streosiag that os bests accompes the"r
wives to te classes. "LAved ee far way" was $tos as a retea for sm-
a~gstto by IS per coast of the puimiparas. Fibss per cead of the
30
i@Suodat listed Oeseous sch "s 646o buoy," **orget mbout thaesta aed
64" a" el et J gsega.0 '"'Dw ast kaew about the classes" Was given as
a reseom 6w M- * -- e by 5 PeW Cest 01 the PAINIParas. (Qay 5 per
44" &*~ rilmipalas gave the eespesse "dud WAS ao" a*e tinfrsrimste
0a ohe boa"etsd dao t brppobtos ww"c stated "tbe =sa-
jewtty ofpI&aa he t ~ de see80 iv .nPeOCMA PSYSIs because
60e do et Seel 000 S We Ow the Ialeeesa preseWtmi" Was rejeced.A
Tab~Obe UeOwa the*Gpease gives by primiparas who 414 aet at.
to lase i. vpexPta o l"Mrut to the qUesSOM "WhY do you, thik seine
10e61ere atsed as 1555
TASL-L U
POSSZULL AKASOIS FOR ATTENDING CL.ASSLSFOR EXPEC TANT PAAMNTS OMN.? STyPRIMIPARAS W10 ]DIUD NOT ATTEN~D
poesible Amons Ndumber ktier cost
Toeloam bowto are hm ah baby. 13
TO SMAl SIMe bee~soeg about
some place to "drag", mousbe . . . 1
TOW* .... 30 too
The pGsVA*~ femein observed is Table 1U whes iutewpweod in owe
llgkof he ete . rim"eneL 'a e fi ave Of* t ae weepseilag persup LAncate
31
that a greater proportion of primipar as, than those denoted by verbal reasons
for ee•attdamince, might net have felt a soed for the material presented in
the classes for expectant parents. As pointed out earlier, prior experiesce
in inifat care was oee of the factors differentiating between those primiparas
who attended the classes and those who did net attend. Fourteen, or 70 per
cost, of the primiparas. who did not attend the classes, reported prior ex-
periesce in infant care. It can be seen is Table 12 that 65 per ceot of this
same group thought mothers attended class". b6e"ase they "wanted to learn
how to care for the baby." Twenty-five per coat of those questioned thought
mothers attended the classes because they "rwasted to gaim more knowledge
about pregunacy, labor, and delivery."' Reasons such as 'some place to
drag the husband" sad "curiosity" were given by the remalning 10 per cent
of the primiparas. Before a definite coclusiosn cam be drawn regarding the
meaning of the above data, more information is needed about class content
and the interpretation made by primipara of this content.
Table 13 presents the responses given by primiparas who attended
classes for expectant parents to the question "why did you attend the
classes? ."
The reasomn given by the primiparas for attendi•g classes for ex-
pectaet parents indicates that all those who were questioned felt a seed to
increase their knowledge of ome or more of the following subjects: pregnancy,
labor, delivery, snd infant care. Sixty-three per cent of the primiparas in-
cluded the factor of infant care in their reasons. while 53 per coat included
labor sad delivery. Some aspect of pregnancy was mentioned in the reasons
'given by 43 per cent of the primiparas questioned.
Lk
YAAL.L 13
RLASONS I~a ArTLX)MOM C;L.A&M FOR LX PE~C AJ4TPAW4?S GIVILM S? PRIMIPASIAS WMJO
AUJ4DLD f;A.ASLj
Reason Qavin ?isinbor Per esof
T lsearnhow to caro A ie inmb 41
To Iowa &abepofwmginmv. labs.au delkveuy . .. *6 soots *.
To beam abeo pwormay, laber.".Vores'am how to Care forthe inhk.. . .* .e.. .0. 3
To learn *adsu labor sa" d.Mvevy..
To Morar about pw~gway Samd
TW19 100
TaU* 14 shows Owe tolpico diselased In clssec, hr exp~etsta paiengs
whic the FmtSrS theut were the aent Vabuabl. Labor mwd dUeloy
OUR"e Mied aShe =4044 beiphi ting of discusoiom by 74 per seso of the
U&Ofase Pelad Pts.. SiAsMS per Cost *1 th0s questteed mummed topics
direcy relaftd Io mfisof care as the metl hepfuL Five Per cost of the
0 WtAPmuo Uwt&Usdit &"s uvfototUMins peeVBWny weorte * met helpful sub-
JOel. discussed. AU OWe 101440 discussed wore thealMt o be helpfu by 5
pe cmi 09 Owe p"Miapaws.
TOPIC 14
MOST HELPFUL TOPICS DICLUODLL EM CLASSLSFOR LXPLCTAPIT p"aU4TS ACCORL4J4O TO~
PRIMIPARAS WHO ATTLIt4)LD THlL CLASSLS
West Melphi Topic Nubr Pow emA
Labor 09ddSMVOI.......* 14 74
b~aby layeae ma" hrinia making
Gubate~riev~e and care adthe swbfta 0.. 0 .*. a 0
Diet sand subtlen is progasay. 5
AM subj~eUt were beiplul . .. 15
Responses given by the primipawas who had attended classes for
expectant pasu.f tosSo direct qu.estlo 1"%%bat sua.stkas do you have
few inaprovemead in Soe claseseto' art shows in Table IS.
Tho major*,y or " per cook of Ike primipars Could - think of
aa toe 'Malt Odomt jui0aUs *at thei ressaw fw atthadiag classes for
eupecteat pasrt MWd been, haWMAed hmoever. farvier stuy ad this seems
mees~rv Waves per gout ad these questioned suggested that move em.
Vbash be p~aged es proustal euerciseo. Allow more time for certaft
speaker* sand sectioms. seek as the pediatukas labor sA" delivery, and
VieWiu soe esbibft. was suggested by IS per cost of the priuaipswsS. Ton
per centad .1 s primipares =ad* suggestions related to the owanlAsMs sa"
34
gwasmb ad 60 .1s....ss~ a s. -, &wo 1 askoma quso am po
vtsd m sw spsa speakers.
TAM" IS
lE.SPOIMZ TO A REQUEST FOR SUOGESTIONS 101IMPROVEENUT Ul CLASSES FOR EXPELCTANTPAR VhS GIVEN 19 PRIMKPARAS W390 MAL
ATTENDED TilE CLASS"S
SmgseemsIUinaber Per CeA
Allow Ow WittaWta ti. Un" 0
41ow aboe *me "r as Oectem
Allow =e Mme. for Ow vevftg
pis" ""I""e Am as ""ae~ma" iNWUrPerpiod ......
Doe awk have deftes seashaal aeclasses whim UM are as cll
TOWa .. 19 100
CUAPTrA IT
SUMM"aTo COMLOBSOS AND
Th. pipome ad Ob Sof was tw*bMI aminIy to asswtmia Owon
F.....ee VeOd two POW9 ed p lo901. =Mawry ispukmi.s h aft-
- as to w man aftadu elasmo 1i mpetoa puss o Im to aw"M~al
btom w l5 grow o Re as bag" O of l~ .. 'ai oat o setas..
Two giomp. @p1 pwopusm ifItMo depsonfis. lmes who &Seat"
alasm hi aspoetama pie"adsos am. who WWd mt &*ndd IF am* as
elum.. ww* *%die&i Iast pwisusipmat wows fauiomly askewt vlift
owe% ab tk miamvtdao how$. all., givig bivb &on a. own$" roast"
as f p Op ý I -m weuaO ad Auy Gearal MeepAWo eAm&%& in Ow Lasts,.
ftelms a#5 a ad ftft etso. OR* ad5 ow I I awa who had assmtd
gloom*. Am spoeftaa pmeft mid was s.etuiw si so yw*'as ama later-
vlewed mI4 owoqe"" ad bor po oittd. Tbw* wwor' miastes potedpasu
I*a. yopmp who &shae"& Oelo *"n Wee ft Se gstop who &U mat. The
A review Wf SO Ufraw ws me" *All whsh Aflpt-We wowes.
Sfwo~mvel~sito .. isome oobemadSiroinu'Omta t 100hoe
36
of atteadance at classes for expectoant parents, were considered to be those
which were usually associated with aoaattendance at classes for expectant
parents. Five questions concerning reactioms to comments about classes
for expectant parents were also included in the study.
The chi-square with Yate'* correctiem was applied to the data from
the fifty-two factors studied to determine the significance of fisding a dif-
foresce as large or larger than observed between the two groups, namely.
those who atended classes for expectant pareats mad those who did not
attend any such classes. The cemfideance level for significance with one
degree of freedom was specified at .05.
The first hypothesis as stated for the study was that "there will be
no difference between primipsras who attended classes for expectant parents
mad primiparas who did not attoad such classes in terms of certan socio-
ecomomic factors." This hypothesis was rejected ia view of the fact that
four of the thirty-alae factors related to socioeconomic status were found
to be signiflcant at the .05 level or beyond. They were the following: age
of the primiparas (P -. 05), race of the primiparas (P 4.0l ). total
moethly family income (P <.05 and presence of the husband in the
home ( P 4.01 ).
Two of the thirteen factors related to influence of attendance at
classes for expectant parents were foud to be significant at the .05 level or
beyond. They were prior experience in infant care (P e.05) and source
of information regarding availability of classes (P <.01).
In terms of the above. six signifcant factors. it caa be concluded
Aft A
ithat Caucasian primiparas, age twenty-two or over, who report a total,
monthy, fsamiky income of foer hundred dollars or over, reside with their
husbands, peassss a* prior experience in infant care. and who report verbal
sources as their main source of Information regarding the availability of the
classes. are more likely to attend classes for expectant parents than are
N~egro primipaas unider age twenty-two. with a monthlky family income of
loes than four hundred dollars. residing apart from their husband*. possess
prior experience in infant care, and who learn of the classes through written
sources.
The second hypothesis as stated for the study was that "the m~a-
j or ity 9f primiparas failed to attend classes for expectant parents because
they do not feel a nee" for the Information presested.' This hypothesis
was rejected on the basis that the majority. or twelve. of the twenty primi-
parse who did net attend classes for expectant parents gave "did not want
to go alone"' as their reason for nonatkenanco. Only mne of the responidents
gave the reason that ehe "did not need the information."'
The majority of the primiparas, thirteen of twenty. or 65 per cent,
who did not attend the classes, thought that mothers attended classes for ex-
pectant parents because they wanted "'to learn how to care for the baby."
Five of twenty, or 25 per cent, of the primiparas gave "gain more knowledge
about pregnancy, labor, and delivery** as a possible reason for attendance.
All of the reasons given by the nineteen primiparas for attending
Iclasses for expectant parents indicated that they attended the classes be-
cause they wanted to increase their knowledge in one or more of four
UL M
Owo~e sso. man"y. ppap"" loabr, d.Mvm'y. am IAmb emu. What
savie moo £aigin o gaS umesms ybrm by twelve ad O. Pri=APWua 0bAA
a&" ade aea S. sbjet avea we"e indue in as re~seu gVa W emiss
lrosovtm *I S. ofseft pctW~pWS who aseided eSISe.I bw eUsse-
is S. Glosseeg. jmbfee% 4laee* irelatled ft iluht *a"n WOWe 300114 So "W
me"t be11 by Sees ad s.h r~se I SPN S OSIMmd.
&Was a1 fte 01286S Imprtedevia otbo ded ela*.e for oupoetout
- Nsow" anowdo Ae gapermu um5 $Melsee Of ow5 *ev
an promel Oswego"e." Twelve ON5 so eim gsored a*ug~tn
1.Ther to a dhidsree beftwespoomr~ 1k -11d else... be * 4044 f
eimpetm pasu" mid aseie wh do mat sims. bsr bems. relatedk to Seafea
.esomie stwats ad two beew relatd I*tmo m~e of S~uiasme at &e
elase... ilis by Move two to likely to be 60e to ebomme. Thee, bets..
vwrl a". and race *I so pI I~le maesibly mely laceme, pueaeeme @1
as kebsed~ Is S. kem.. pede oaperlamme Is Aisbu eWase se sOme. ad in-
3. Punp~ia"W mke hued to SOMAe els0.0. be eapsetmul Pu.~f
did a.becomese" "did 2@4 -1M 10e tg* ssMe" rnSer *se bees... OW
~~dM 1 bela use be S.A tbM&MM proeened."
L. C mMiwseos shesM be &*vso to Ow uppeopes ad *wos&%
OM hobot seesmpmu *01 wiv o le &aes****
4. AllO pswas whe *00DW cisoeso ISW OUP4sto pat*ef
mwepewtois ai 004 ow omh pvossedm is S.e clss... Tbedi reasom
t t.es awosuistauispeto ad a* a mi Is ow cloosso,
So The inijinet ad On pwt*,see h" so ggoolms m few pueve-
mo st S la sh at**"
As a wowaft ad W. stmft. ft is weee. that surbmy stoat.. be
a *m- 1mI bwhoe () a sflhr munmbw of se.1.mcesomic vauiables woold be
em~m01(a ) vaiablmes powt"Wiff to peblict hwfe Gu cam"e a"~ iumwr
peeobdtes of alae coaft by Us pu1~paas. wee be ev1anie6 sin s"() a
1513w somple seeM be ds -wa at ue~em tom threeso me -e Auiny hes pift
to .~j So All-em sw a beoems 60 ptwalpavas vwh to NW1
do~~~~s -----s--h-epeta F5
APPLMDIX A
LKLTTZA JULQUZTMI PSMatUSI TO CONDUCT TI= STUDY
Aug*"t 1. 196S
As a oldbns 1ý0 ibwS Mssw ad Sdoem to Niwuia at The CafteO.
vavo Depows ad = aivisef I* puars offmy dwsiosmm a fto i Iaw~w*al~ 61 oda ""Oft seda .ss. The p" 4d wi $*of is to aseeftolaas reasmf l~vm by w ra of. p0 A1 Apwiip o~ AsM aw wemt &A.diag ON
pefes~ .a.'b .ios.s ad to eo. mwa,.e.ON to. .ads*% so"*.-
la in4er I* obwat as awsssy da&U 1 wedd mk. to iatsrvle Am*~Fý1Sm. *1 ad h 9 e*e gol I* "sow "a so pmp vao &"as"s ae
elmso&" V"1 W". fh ~to 4... af Ios pla P" inbwte all &a pat mUs~p as a* e61(bel me" Wlwmmn * .1 oftel hbusib ~y£.Vm. b%9"f IS Aspet. 1WS&
wpe&* appeesist *0 6eifute *Wmge to my ""~S"t to is-baeu view owA--isi pau~se. I $hl ahhenft wwa" le a" emily
wemesbu mwpmm.
A @now&" Wf So vd11 bile WmUmM sheM yas desfre It.AU guru inl be bed .m.dl
APP93MU DI5
amw a,. r wes - I Im I anCaposa SOkW. I am cooucaft a084VA =saw* vwh bay. vmss ssv bb~ I* aNb LSM bow~. Two
aftf ia,,as pede wa~a twhlmem be us Mash,'. Do*"* is "Weiseat Th Cm&Me UVvwet al Am~pes, is Weah~mft D. C.
NeWimy.o ft vesM be Iomweal I* soewviaw Onalb s so I bauesedseet p MADds eeff4mg to a earns.
I& wi4 I otaf *aw am.eawy daf I weem Nb. to ask yes s"Vevs"weNmaeaseia Ifyam. am wwoweta pro@"*s des... ik is hept *at
~e ohwlla ys ep1wo6 be be&#"l to etw hesib =wowe in puwaiaftew - aswibe wft"m tpoeetot psvtsemos 400s i o re- .
The ~,isI~s -- ysueppk wlUr be boeM asoe~dea~s Vowsmes own "s &newt #a suiv.
The vowism, vo 0*e __pAuLL *&sof mime. I amprgper"i t leftesylw yes mwp IIt we e vai ing tot ai to air alShi.
A~mwe t .e ep~m ees e ~0~at v.,Sy
I.I an "Ma -mu to, ya"pW~epN
A. Wib ado we plea s mpd~ a eltiw
41
APPSh6DM &mijj&V
MOM~
SKClIO U1 44 * G 43ab 4 an swm is
-xeat pa'oto*us"*~.
"5Cl~I"COMOblC FACTORS
S. AV W IlkS bh"__________________________
a.
b.4. __ _ _ __ _ _
be O ~ li 4
so htI y a~m
a.6 vsbsp"*
4s
APPUMIXI 8-.jON
'wb" IA a* bkot or*" Too seumaddisi @*hsot?
6 . &10 L 6L.• b. Jro b• 14. -
S. Ji b. L•.J 4 -ULJ d. 4L.J
,. * . o* . c. ,.
7. Is your e86 Mvt.e
a. TOO./ b Ne.=
S. Whist waese a*mes o deadt? Otdieve to QM•oe.N. 7)
a. Lb. No=
ISo WWy ws * *awe ad do&*? tdws la .es a Me ... 9)
11.* Do y. have aw Ser broom" ad Sisters?
&* a.• . U64.1
apoDs* wasb•rts east....I~~~~a. Doyube wIone broom* Md alsoJs
Spgui4 ~ b ~mW ~N*.ummmitr/ mm..m.u..m.
IL. WWI* Vo~ew muobi Ooft%*s
b.h uk.j6.~ 5@So atSL.Ju
140 Did yes Wink Pdo to peoisery
a. TOO b.No15. What tp ad work du TOO do? (Ref"s to Qnsoamo me. 14o
16. t Tom work 4nhif yew? PWeWY?
a. TesGj .. Nj
IT. Whot typ ON Wer4 did yo " (Reb"s to qu5VS No. 141)
16. MmonoW weeks peans were you wbom you ga1t workis
0"ebre le Qouesti Me. 14)
b. 413 4weehaM..______a____
b. er SO.34wee"./
It* W~l lowi have .ommsi to Mel yin ewne for Ow baby wheayn, Rm st
AL. Who? (iRebvsto UsestessNo. 19)
a. -4 ~ .Sse
b. Mee r-ta-hM d. 0d
3.Were ye" UIe a 6es"t~s sa"* P~wier pvegmumy? ForAW nmkjeUlm" sash as mbating seasine am bow disease
as. Were you am4Imt to I" WOeAp at am mw. "wb yea pmepsay?
&* T OG.. b. NOLj
34. Wby? (Ashy. to ( ~~me3. 33)
as. Kew am Is To habWM#?___________________
3.What is *0 IA~e pade yftr boasb eemplfte is sebses?
a. 11in./ L6. / a. '*-1 .14.
a. 8 T/J go 'IL4./ go 3
do 4j= doi 1j4 4L./
a?. vMd yew' hebmat we" prwe to e~s" low fte indibu awn.?
a. T..L.J b. N.4ý
a,$. WWat 6mp ef vwk eiu he do, ptsesw to (amm me.. 28)
APPLIWIX 05eif
at. now to" has yTow bwbAha bee s so mMbeMWy smus.r _______
96. Do"ee ple Ias am mb a sear "A 1ad a. antbew s.,,ts.
I I. VWha is yoar buabmads weak or waft&?
3. Does* be havea etUbas job Inad *ON dugheri
a* T..4j beNL_
33. Whet IMe 4d vwek dues be to? Cites to mostims No. 33)
34w IL but is y~ea, W appuadmat me tIsý from anl soeat..
so $M to J
Gs ".O ever
is*. Wha btd *I doaamn. e have owbe hens.?
Ika Ru ma asagnw
be nowt a hems.m
3. amw ems have es Uwve& at yourn Fesoom *"roses 7
Ike Val, 3 mo
APPSUDIX A--GjM~
ii
3S. Mm -m" room& TM have ta TOWv bft (&Psvtwmdmt)
b. 34 1
e. 9-
4. C,~ ow
)Y. Who lives i La"~ boiom taslow wft Teal
a. ftsbaw I
b. O&m
40.6 What** aoo l fiammPo tias 4.es MotTo ~hwhan emm?
a. Car 11 1
b. Tw* ears-
es Carsad
L Ofterapes
APPUMDIXX A-4~wo
FACTO"S DIFLULMNCDG ATffMLOA)ICL
AT LXfL~CTAX? PARLHS' CL.ASLS
41. Now smay mis dou Myc am &m 60 booplta1?_________
49. to owe. bu service wailable frm you bom. to ow hespital?
a. T.oj;; b. NL.
43. maom you eve takes eare ad a& ialmat pier to baviag Touw "a baby,(
a. Y.sJ/ b. Wo~j,
SLCOflONII
44o ONd you km fat eupestool paroM.t' elsoss were Sives bet. athbapiwa?
45. Now did you brat Imrsr about Sw Gasses?
a. Army boa3M mre.......
b. Poster la soobattatealC a e~
e. DealerI
e. Mtead/
spot*y
44. DUdayuenua e to atboo Sw e lasoos?
a- yes.l/ b. NoIee4
APPEJWX III
47. Whgt la. to (stwme me. 46)
a. Army hiuSa 6
b. Meow '
46. D" awyin diseomiag Tom bw some" o ~e lasm?
a. 146..L: b. #4OL.j
49 WhO? clai.. to Qmoum M4. 46)
4. afwba
y*. vem what esrc w seno. adl yes oboal wistwam rolaudiiayewr pregmamys teh. ad d.M'uuyo md earo ad Ow owboma?
b. Mo*Wbw a i
Ink lift___Aft__A____
1. vowavoI
SL(Why d"T s u"a bI
U3. w hy to Is IAek som wo s&b.d So ebams f?________
APM*DII 16-gd
$3. bwhe wove Ow -of@ 1 pareaft aboses 5givs 1"t yes siomm"?
$4. eW W dids~ aveli Is&= ab" ae ebmmer?
a. Airn beafS MWe.I
be Doealer
4. Peeler in o
S peehE*
S5. Du agees missume. Yo o&a s w.lS else... ?
5.Who 1 (Nttehi to QMGs No. 55)
a. Army beamS mrnes ....... Z..
b. D~eaeriv _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
*. musbwwI
a. r..AJ7 b. X6b.
Is. Wbet mob"m to Questir me. 57)
b. Fvleeee/
60. From what to*~ of 41,seSim did ym wedy* ~.Met help
61.* Wha sa"t d* T" bave he ouwvern~ isa*~ eusess?___
APPENDIX 9--GjWa
From vuwAmt *a *ur or sawesv. did ys ebtla mis~rmaties egav4a" y~u preuemy. lube, o" delivery smd eare of Se aoewber?
a. MeowI
b. 7ewte I
e. Fria" I
L. Asmy keaft =we*i
g. LA~lrtwi~e
L~th$pod*
A PPL14DIX C
FWTV*-TW0 FACTORS DL*WALD FROM THL DITLRVIDI SCM&DULL
AND TMLIR CORALCLID C*NZ4,UARL VAL.UL*a
INonbsw Gwrese dlto Tbow ftwo anS
Qms~mml~eLelrrebC-equar Test w"~ Gbisqsaweas isws ~Taft Cerree6mes was
(3) 1 ues.MAddessW &GbftmtMaa'ylami an Virginia 3.574
(3) 1 Age @f Ptlinipsrsumsr Al
U and"o 4.u3*1(3 Rac *I Ptimlpia
CmaIoQAUNear*
(5) 4 ReUgift .1 Prtisipsrs
Cow~~t5 161 - I.M yearCompsts I er me yearsYearIs of Celleg. or
Tsechnial School .0140
74) Camse el kft~ms do&*Heart AtimekO00t
A PPLNDIX C--Elm
Rumbsw6w Cuvslm wbic ftto The"g Roem on CMb-*W~ve Tes wikCrroQme v Rdefered Taus. Gwow was hrnut
fie SO Fae"" in*0Apa~
me.
(10) Cea~ulmse@1av eda
011) is Older bos're~ med/rn oIfe.Toome .T
(1)U Tomas"r bvr.eft amd/e,$later*
TeeNo .0"3?
(13) 13 mi friftl Nstkw of prwuipauaMarriedNot Married
~1 ~13 priminiaa Lmployd Puter toPregaaay
TooNo .0730
(15) 14 Preprepsascy Lmploynmmof prwripara
NespueodemI1.S14
(16) 1S Primipwau KLp#yed DurisoPrelmomey
y.e.
AN . ......
A PPLMD1X C. -MM
Wmuibs GwvespeSasitY o1 Wbkb aufo Thae. Njm an 00 Cbi*%pass Test wft Corrneto
~~' Yaes Cm"i Chi-qpa.
(11) 1 em aeed Putetpsar
P shasionay
(18)IT Number 6 gWesh PvegasaWhas Quit Worbha
Uud.t 1414 - ~e 91
(19) Is Help Ot wome uponDischarg. Turom fReepita
TooNoae
(20) 19 Helping Peves"iFamil hd"mbI
C.8394
(31) 20 Putumipars Under Careof a Dtede Prtewfie Provpsmy
No .4744
(33) &I d eRomeo far mai Us~ora Doeber'a Car*
Kidney DiseaseRbemm Fe wer ..
(23)) &A Admisetem to e pitDui'a 6 Pv"m
TooNO 91
APhfi-sto TW *ihCwou
Is Thin Ia s inow a
as SSSS ~AppMd
PWaWOVaa cyst
IS -ever I.SO
(a4I) 316 Mducatte A%&amev*I Mubami
compteo" I4& ""
year* of C.U.*..
(3?) 34 Kmasbw Ji~uooqei prior
wes
8lUled Maini. Semi-Shifed aeUmaie
(19) all Lol~tb ad mug".r S. tvls
(So) 9 MWUIKy Servia as a CareerToo
APPSLDWIX C.-~
ft Thaw. tmý m Ow CM4-equve To"A wit& av..iiw"Taft* Cawvoesas was Chiaeqmew
(31) 30 MIM"uy AM& of M~bsa"us.i Speciauat f o its
speetlaist 5 4Wits
(33) 31 NkwboMs Sagasd $a a
Two
(33) 334 PaWKtmTý Caiwuas Qcet
prel"ems .1 Mushe "APveeetenl ClVa Wkw
shined Mamlo S.AM-GUdsadIsMedLmpl~eoe 0
400 - ys6W
(3s) 34 LAvftu Aem aes of
Amt Matss or ApartowMLAY. wtfh 5.alaove 3.617
(34) IS Long* ad Time. atl Pueaet
Uai&v I TowuI Towt - evr .5774
(37) 36 Preytese AAditeeWashla~tsm, MatylAs or
vow ~stt~auo swet .4l59
APPLNDIX C..AMjMS
Immber correspeonding F.m e to OWto 1These Anone as Wbe CJA-Gqumve Toot wf Corr~elei melenos It~illeta 4 Tftss Correamea was chi-square
to as raiersle is AppulebSlow
(38) 17 Number of iteelms in presomLiving A et Atoblsvo
I - 4S-4
(39) 38 Sbaves LAvift Aesemmofa-som wb lHsbsad
Toe
(40) 39 Owva CarTeawe0 .0963
(41) 40 Distance Frtm Heme ftHospital
Loss 10 MUls10 Miles More .1136
(43) 41 us Service Availablefrom aome to mempitl
'TOO
me .6179
(43) 42 Possession of Piort xpert-emo in ImdbA Care
yesNo 4.321
(54)(45) 43 sewee of 11 e& atIem Ie-$&nu% Ava-laUbty ofClasses
WilMes S.1?3f
(Ss)(44• 44 Lasesvaee 5. A~me ClassVerb
... e ... ..... .. .
S . . . . . .. ... ...... ,1 . . .. .. .. . . ... . . .... l b . . ... . .. .. .. . . :. .. -I , . .... . . . . .. ...... . . . .. . .
APPKJ4DZX C -Cq~t~
to ThOO te 16w sO Chi-square Too$ Wilk CorrectedQmm~ o Refer ad Tales CorPOOMMIM Is" Chi-square
A muy Moelf k4uwseLD.et .00007
(S5)X4s) 46 Discurse to AVOW" ClassUes
(5S)49) 4? Source 09 DtaeOWraOMMat
Sources CesiceviUiU L~abor,DI&'woey. Prognany &adlakat Care
yes
(~)(o)49 Source of Other laformalateVerbal
w itten Ons
(43Soo 50source of Verbal la1oemat~sRelativeFrioM 0W
(48X~ ~ i o"we* ol w rites lasruattesPamphlets
52 Number 01 Dtfrand W ritOMS
Sours T.
A PP"HIDIX C -S@§g
OSI. La*-O.@ &cows were derived ferom te Iatewview kbeOmle bebeft pomp.. fsee who &femo elms..,A bexpoutaM pswof ad Iose who414 I" woo &W such lOUSes: (1) Ow Lust *AV*tsb betas sue re-Iale to seesomemsemwine stafts; (3) .t last Ibfrts. helms awe related toumbasme ON asesdame 94 Ow classes.
bib. .AMfesmse of &a observed 4IEmome between tka two groupsVMS tooted be 4w Wky-two beta.. derived as sneameed above, by Ow eM-squmare vr~ Tftes seorueeses. The peebsMMfq ad obtaining a eM-sqamue aslarge o larger tban *w observed were road fret Owe appropriate table.
'Te =mmbers Ia pwar.wese () correspond to Owe amber of thelaste~m fia Ow qeaestemale "Iserv~iew Gog"d. (Appendix it).
Astalslatcl applea$Wa coul met be mmade dam to iasufftden data.
'ipSlmw~a at the .0% level er beysed.
ESigum~ifcsa at the .01 level or beyond.
oCamss U*my M. 8" w~eo~w,. it. a. am"ataP v~ Ma~JU Mew Twits David Me~ay Co.* ho. I%L
boeM. Go~ti V. a" Sea%&*. DOUM6a. moaf ofei E.6! 3ee~4Mw YrktAppb*MimGIft"-Gw4"o lam., 14.L
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Walla*"* ol~am M. a*The --a-demdeloWel Maftde a" CUM MeeaI&."Ld6Mtea1av it dnui. £41tM by Marjer% 1. Costles amdLaulie M. Carew. Wsueadtomm, D. C.: The C&Ndk s ?JMeroltpre*&, 1%3.
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Mieu. LAO" H. "K&mtls faw C-ldbirth," .betlouise• M6 60er.xVm (Jpma.ry 19db). UO-23.
deerUi. Noerma. "Mderatty UEa of t*e Futre,." ftleftj Mi"(January 4. 19b). 4-14.
Seeot. iloeen. W1skey. Lt. 1. and Maraes. C. "A PsycbAl.eia ln•swegsates ofPrimigmav•dae3 U-,40is Aspects O M&eMral o0MViOe." ,ourna44 oksy4a2ss a-ad Gwsaseifqy as ftheUt LmmI&e. LXIII (August.1"6), 49-s01L
See** Liles and Thompa•n. k. M. 'A Psychological Inmeogstes of thePrmisrsvdae8 I-Methods." I!R!W Of ObI12Sts mad OM!LMof ti r h o ,lfmntre. LXI (jun. 19"6). 331-43.
' 0"A Psycholo5g•al Iavestigation of the Prmtiswvidfmte. IV--Psyckos*04al Fsctors end the Clinical Phesomew of Labor,"' jourm)
:•bIs i vaW Guw0ieSv . t0i9 ftrftg &N !Ae. LA.WIAqugut. l"s6). soU-o04.
"What's 'What About Classes foa Parents,'" Ifs (Xx (match., 9m), 40-44.
-U - ugterial
Baker, Lvalise R. "'Why Are tihe Structared Laxpeclat Pareta" Glasses atBrooke Army Medical Geat., Poorly A desed o o' Uspublishod StaffStudy. Submised to the Nursian Science Soectio of the Medical FieldService -icool. Fort Sam Heestem. Texas* May go 1964.
Cemer. Carolys Llisabeht. "The anucaoeml mud Lmuotemal Lfectivemeas ofa Selected Trainang I CUbdibiuth Progrsm in the OpinLio of thePrimigravida and Her Husband."' Uspublisbed Master's dissertation.School of Nursia8. The Catholic University of America. 1959.
Flanmery, Sister Mich~ol Marie. "Lapressed Conerse. 'r hich Motivate Lx-pectsat Mothers to Register is a .•oleted Trainiag foe ChildbirthProgram." U s Masters dissertaties. School of NrsinS.T.e Cadhel Unfveueity *f Ameuica, 19U3.
Department ol the Army. 2.ter9A w with Aloha Hummerly, Army HealthNburs•i Goaulmat, W ashigbem. D. C., December 4, 1964.