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w 9,, a)[[u1aa 610 u un Yaa Glaufl 1 u] A { n qu
d a r A i ' r d r e ) a ) ^ A
rilt a o o rd a fl u a a 0 ril 1Flfl lrt m a:vouu 6u?4 ndnul9
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(TU-GET)T6rvl 3
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a , a i - (
6l{?U 6f Z 6lt4 D 6l6ntTunrur N D.AI
v{qFrQn]f lu 25 45
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N?I]?YI EJI O TJ DTTN FII6IMT
s ) g ) o J 4 l a ) d { Y d t q l o ) a ) a d
t [u?z0610u[ tdvz06lauRtul0{nqu[v ' l0aoro0f luaodtz ' lFI f lu lF la [u:vouu{t1 ' l4r | 'F1f lu lI
a ) , d 9 . r u
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j u a v d 4 ' Y A v < t
gntJ?tdf i tuuR-t1st 3J141?14u' lnu5: : tJFl tdCI : 3J l , tu1?1:Lr . r f tz0Lnl : : l f t1 l f rd0Lr l - ; , l l i - ' " "v 4 t u d Y t * r q v v q . €
f l - ] 1 { l A { n n U t y { 0 O O t A A n U O A A [ Z - l f i n U l O 0 t U : v O U U f U % f l f i n U - ] Z A n i l i l l l 1 l t J l A f J D : : i J F - i ; : - . . ' . .' q
dnrfuntutrf iudlJFrt:1#a'ofrryf luurzioaouuavtioaaufl l l { td.rnquitr i f io ' l r i ; j r i l ; : .r ,- ' - , , ; :S o 9 ) v u Y - J J t l
Lan tdmtn? t l JF tu toUnUnnUfuvu0 . t z0dau t tavd t t J t : e r to :8N f l l n i l 1 r r l ' - r ; i ' : - : . ; ' ; . : i ; "q
o J o q )
dnuf l {v [ rdvQlu?uz 0d0u, , ,
rioaourur-itri ju 3 fl au :trvi.rfru 1 oo z e
Writing Abilitv ( nr:m o 6tau o? r sJ;m r.r si'ruTn :.i air n fl I u-t ) tJ : : r *r i i I :
zioaou z tJsvrnm fi zs ila
1.1 Error ldentif ication (nr:vnriordandfrenntrurn:.u)
I .2 Senrence Complet ion (nr:vrrr iotdanf i r iJut iaonlr l rn:rudrr i iur. l : rTunf inruuel j )
Vocabulary ( nr :moctauo?lNTaluFl l l11 )
il:vnouoi'rstiadou z lsvrnvr fi zs ilas/ , dt Y J v t | '1 9!l e/ q o ol d'J 9'/ 5- d
2,7 i loaouttuu cloze t i luzadaui l r luu 0.111.1 t? tv l to lJal6y'114mCIn00.: touLaanalno u dA
" q 9/
o-lFlv{l4vlnluuo t149 ) i - r c i 9 / 6 1 9 / o 6 J r T 6 1 9 / 4 o ! o - - " 1 , 9 / 4 t o
2.2 1J 0610Uyl i ln t : i l o rdu toer Luu:v tunt tau tu ta0nnlmlJa? l i l14Nlu [natnu{na i la ' lJ o q s )?rnluuo tvl
i-]
I noufi 3 | Reaoing compreherrsion ( nr:airutf iaetrraltdr'to )
il:ynouoi'rsuyrrr?'rruil:vrur ilt 74i tta{ usinv6o.:qvfirirnrruil:vnou 6 -l ila& c {
:?lJfr'{?nJgtlJ- so tio
rtjunr:ioyt'nuvnr:airuunrg 1 oi 'ru tziu main icleas, clctails, pronoun reference,
conclusion [tdu itrfet 'enc.' t{Juoi'u
2.
LANGUAGE INSTITUTETHAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
Thammasat University Graduate English Test
General Directions: Mark your answer only on the answer sheet provided.
PART I: WRITINGABILITY (250 points)
A. Error ldentification
Directions: Choose the underlined part that is grammatically wrong.
1. Thai-owned Myanmar Cedar Manufacturing officially established last montht2 )
on six rai in Thin Gun Gyum township, suburbaU Rangoon. The companyJ
pays 1.5 million baht a month to rent a government factory for 30 )zears.- a A. . f
Many people past age 65 are hard of hearing, frequentiy due to damage tol , i 2
the inner ear brought on b), the aged process.
aJ . Armed with new techniques, thousands of job seekers are finding new
2position--notjust any job, but the right job, the one that will give them
3enjoyment and personal& satisfied. ,
(4 ,
Trucks and containers toadi)*ittr e.,uefvtfring from drinking water to mobileI
toilets were headed for the fair to begin tomorrow, caused a traffic jam albng2 r . . r ,3 , n .
the route to the fair. ! ' ' \ :" l j ' - ' ' . , , :^
i
\.. ' .--: j::L:-L!----r- '- * '--- -*- i -->
') !c' ' ' ' ' t ' \u..t> L'r ' '---A)
It is well-known that long hours of hard work require to reach the top in
business. Probably most people assume that this hard work is the means3
to an end, to success.4
t 1
r
4 .
5
6.
2
Thailand is to raise the problem of Burmese refugees i.n discussions whenI r23
the Thai-Burmese Border Committee meeting today.
l
7. By day, Singapore's Chinatown is a vivid ,1.n. of food stalls and shgppers,' , : ' . ,I 1 f ! : : ) l l , i i , r i r c i i c \ , ' , ' " i
L : ' l \ " { i - ^ - ' 0 ! 1 l ' l - l u - ;
making noise from scores of booths which hawkers sell pir?ted cassette tapes2 3 * ,Y - , , 4
of Cantonese popular songs. t . t '
! 1 f i ' : r ' r r , r
American drug laws classit, cocaine as a narcotic, along with opium, heroin
and morphine. But these last three are depressants, drugs that quiet the body' l ' ; ' t t '
and dull the senses, while coke is a stimulant, &hetamines. i3 . ( , , ' 1 . , i , l ' n ; i , , , , , 7 , t . i . r ' " { t ' \ i
At 60 )zears old, Walter Ackerlund decided to postpone his retirement to tryI . r
a little more flavours. He started working for Jasmine International
as president of its new affn for overseas investment.4
The next few weeks are seen as a critical turning point by Australian farmersI r .
anxiousl), awaiting a break in the worst drouglt in living memory which for).4 . . /
years have devastated crops and crippled live stock.(t
Because joblessness is widespread throughoutI
training is what the children there require more.
much of Africa, practical
3 4;
As a result of television and other electronict2
really know that reading is all about.4
8
9 .
10 .
; . 14 4 i
t2 . toys, not.,J
many people today
l 3 .Un less theKaengSuaTenDamcanpreVent f loodsor@muchl - - ' 2
during the dry season, its construction will not be necessary.
14. Diarrhoeal disease is the biggest killer q:f children under five in the world.t2
However, it isn't diarrhoea itself that kills these children but the dehydration3
is caused by it.4
, . - \ i , , i_
15. The geckojs ahzard several inches longrfound in all warrn regions of the" '1 t2
world. It often lives in people's houses where it is considered a welcome3
guest because its penchant for eating mosquitoes, ants and other vermin.4
B. Sentence Completion (10 points)
Directions: Choose the best alternative to complete the following sentences.
16. One of the first things a traveler arriving in the tropics notices is the quality ofthe air. It is usuallv as hot and humid as steam
,-L-.. from a released boiling kettle 3. boiling and released from a kettle( 2,) released from a boiling kettle 4. from a kettle boiling and released
17. Computers are not for everyone, and there is no doubt in my mind that I will bethe last person to acknowledge a terminal as
l. where you catch an airplane more than anything2. more than where you catch an airplane or anything3. an airplane more than where you catch anything
fri,) anything more than where you catch an airplane
18. Of Japanese companies with more than 1,000 employees, 93 per cent now givetheir workers some Saturdavs off. 83 per cent rn 1992.
l. compared to 3. with comparison to4. comparatively to2. when comparing to
19. carbohydrates and fat, the averagecontains four percent of the U.S. Recommendation
l. Not only having2. Besides havinq -Y
1.5-ounce milk chocolate barDaily Allowance of protein.
20. More than 80emergency telephone service.
l. telephones have been installed with solar power2. solar power-installed telephones have been3. solar-powered telephones have been installed4. installed telephones have been powered by solar
21. Management values the employee
l. who grabs a challenge and runs with it2. what he grabs and how he runs with it3. grabbing a challenge which he runs with4. when he grabs a challenge, running with
22. It has been found thatabout new employees.fulfilling prophecies.
s ophi sti c ated or ganizationsThese judgements,
l. how accurate they are2. whatever accurate thev are
3. In addition to have i4. With respect to have
along Jordan's roads to provide motorists with
make very early judgements. become self-
3. no matter accurate or not4. whether accurate or not
potential
3. Are you to have4. Supposed you to have
rtit
23. Personnel department exist mainly toirhndle entry jobsemployees.
l. while screening2. and to screen
24.
3. which are to screen4. as well as screening
any questions, please contact the registration office.
l. Should you have2. Will vou have
25. Mt. Kinabalu's flora is unmatched in its and the area is alsohome to many rare birds and animals of east Malaysia.
l. being unique and because it is diverse 3. being unique and diversity2. uniqueness and how it is diverse 4. uniqueness and diversity
oroltfi. t ler:ua#ro'h ulnrnl,
A. Error ldentif ication
sir *'o td'rfi o n air ufi fi q u fr'uiei'fi fi o H #nh ur n :n[1. fifiodo zTa Z uuri'ufl'lu was officiattv estabtished
o A A o v j - , a r - A
air a dur s uiloror nvtr u tirfr uiJun5 urr a r:J:ymu Manufacturing urnyRo nr''lrJ14 rJ1 u. F l ^ . t a a q / Y | 6 ltUU passtve volce nn1?Fl01J:19?1nnq{0U1. t t l jU?11{n1T
2. fifioda #a a uri'uiJu aging process
eiraf;uru* aged fioomruulJltuflu passive voice trinrm:nlU'turituril proces, td'VI
t?\T'lv process (llrunr:) ti lRlil1:nQnvirtri 'rrri aging process ru:Jn'jrnr:finudouuuri9J
d.tna' ' l t l iJuottt:r (aged people or old people)i o A < t /
- a , d l
3. ?tl^toaa zo 4 Ltnti l% personal satisfaction
" ^Gt1ofiu1u satisfaction uflJurirt,rtilyi'r14rirfiuiJun::ruTa.tn3u1 "will give" Lrit*r6urri:-r
enjoyment unvfi personat vi'rrarirfi liJu adjective 1J u't uri''lu.lrJ- ia A 9,/ .' l l e2 | a A =,
4. frfro64 ila t uri"[oi' 2 ;:JtLLU6 o 1 . which caused druflu retative ctause ra3oqJ
2. causing dlrfJu present part iciple
eiraf;uru oiruualitfi 4 dvitarirfiufjuairufl ultriaomrfinsirrruruud'r nsirr6o
which li6luri'::JtLULfi 1 ) tufifiraill un?rilfirnr:fifirnLr:?lnri.rrarirtrJfi..:ru (fair)riotri'ufie 1"Jr."o) nr:o:ro:6qfio ai':uifiuri':rJuu:r:r fi z $)uHlrnq::Jnturtri'ufjurfi(participial phrase)i o A e
5. nruoero ilA: urri'uiJu are required to reach
" ^ -J ' ^ |
airafrurs vitarirfiui.|unSurla.: long hours uunyfton?llJl4riruliJu passive voice
( long hours nn required)i o a r e
6. fif io64 il" I uri 'uflJu assembles (present simple tense)a ^
airofrurs rirnSurtil adverb clause of time (when) fi.:lu:iqyufluuHonr:nf[uou'toel
tLelellilngnr:tf tense ovnrvo'tuntlruiJu present simple tense tririlu future tensei o A e
/ . t1t^toao ,ia 3 uri'uflu from which hawkers sell ...
airoBuru relative clause tufif ioi 'otf i preposit ion'from' drurirufiorornil leln. X u
clause uflof gt'u' i f "hawkers sell from booths ..."d a I 9 r , / - 3 t 6 t d q A d I r I d v d I v8. ?1r^toao iO t uuri'rfju tire d.:tufii luurjn?rLrurou?nu iln?1ill4ru'tur?ltnL similar to
riroBuru alike ovtrifiqir noun qlilLLei tike fi noun Errrutsi nsi'rr60rr''r1lq'j 'r
Coke and amphetamines are al ike. tLqi l lq ' j r Coke is l ike amphetamines.
Ldo 4{ 9'/frfrodo ila 2 uuri'riju a few more
riraBurs a little llu'tu noun firiltttoi' Lru a little more money LLEI a few
td'riu noun riutsi'rnnatniaf
fifiodo ila 3 ,,,i,ii l has devastated
ciroBurg oi'a.:urjduualn have uiju has ltry:ry:J:ytr' 'rulo.:n3mfi6orilir whichA AfiwarJruff.r the worst drought (n?tsJ*r,i 'rud'rfiLa?i'ttfino; d.,:l i iuqi't nouni ^ A t Y v 6 l
mnoao ?lo 4 Ltnt i lu most
riro8uru tflunr:ur-J6urufirrriuf,.rfler ln:ryci"rtf more si'orEiooi'ru than lflunr:ql 9
urJSrr ufi urrir ovt:#n o rir.:i o A er )frfro6a ila 4 uuri'rilu whato A " tuHti.:d + fi uijurirrfioxJrlo.r noun clause tufifiuonaln what oyyira1E)f iu1u 9l '
rarirfi uijuvr&.: rir u6o il Ltd'? what f.,:fir u rirfi uijuairufl u''r ull o.: n3 urtuuE.l Fr?'r r14 u'r u
tu:Jnrrnutrjillr (not many people) i' jrnr:eiru6ooyt: (what) nsirr6otu:Joo:-Tueru
nr utra {tt n o u dr uu ri.': fi 0 d..: tiJ uzu n }J'ror n (as a resu lt oF; fi crru nutotulyr:fiqfurn r
r o.r rsiu6 ufreryr:ofier6u .t
fifio6o ila 2 ulri'riju can contributeO A
oloDUl u can contribute Ltfiv can prevent ufJunSuriilLtlJt-JudurrYu (parellelcl
structure; I ot:J:vr'tu Kaeng Sua Ten Dam uunytfio.:e'1fl unless ftoerrrlurur u'jrv V l r Arir .. til (if ,,, not) fitlonn?rrur[Ju:.JfrLnroriuud'r ntur contribute 6rtloi'ornr:
n:ye-rluiJu does not 6ntn:ryeynnlurflu:JfrLflrd'ol l
fifiodo ila 4 uuri'[d' 2 rilrLll 6o t. which is caused 2, caused
10.
11 .
12.
(t0nv{au
13 .
14 . (past participial
phrase) (relative clause)
airoBuru the dehydration virrarirfiufluil:ymulouerr.rllo.:n3ur is caused tiltei'
rf;otornuijuairuru'ruolilu#{ it is d'rufirurfjurj:vTuflu'r?ovLfiuu'ir However, it is
not diarrhoea i tsel f that k i l ls these chi ldren but i t is the dehvdrat ion which is caused
bv i t (diarrhoea) that k i l ls chi ldren.
14N'rurr4o noun fiufluairuru'rurasoufjun::ruT0.rnAu'rrir.:Hrir oyyirufrfirfju:J:yl'ruA A d V I ' V l q . v d A d , d o v . '
to{nTlrvtortlron'tl 'Lc{ Ero.:fi who, which, that frlrfl. lu relative pronoun flvirrarirfit r l 1 d V l , 6
tiJ u:J :v tt t*u?l u raS o'trj fl n o ::J ni lr fi srr l HrtviuiJ u pa rtici pia I ph rase9l
7
15. fifio64 z7a a uuri'rfJu because of 1H3o due to raio owinq to)o A . y y
Fl1ofiu'ls because ovEta.:nrlo'ru subject LLny verb uqitu:J:rIuc'fisir uuu.':. j d r r o A v A v a -
fr 4 frtuEinQilTo.tfi 'tutilrlU'tu 6.:qr'o.,ru:Jfiuuuiju because or {.ra.rrJo?u?nq
B. Sentence Completion- " - 9 q v . 4 - ^ * ^ A ^ - v l ^ ^ { - o - - y r T j o f l va16t\r L14tR0n10rnn L2Lt1n:i l fr114:LilTy LUOyrnrHuq L14
;t.'*-"# *o A A A i ) a r lsirofrurutfrrutdal rio 2 uiJu participiat phrase vitarirfiriJuriru?u''ru1JO.,l steam
ao:ilula]n steam which is released from ... nairr6oornrsfouuunyfi'urvitnlutorird.l. u , v
(gnrJn o u; o onil'to1nn1fi drril n-.tud ao- A e - o - - r - - a o . - - r - 4 - v l , a v l c / | e 21J80u 'l h9lt?\l, ' lv?'.l.1fll41.1 'l h9t9t' ' ltt14u.t 0{ Lrjfl1il ' lTnRilo?'tlJ14tJ'tu'tgtoEJ't.JnnEr'0.:o i a g , t q J
1( . a1oou l . tnnao ro 4v o d r e l A * , | aa,loDUlUli lNlAN il ' , l as f l1i l0?UFt', ' lU1lJoyuo?'t]J14lJ'tu?'t Lugruyyruilu na-t?60
v d ln'jr#uovtflJuouqovi'rufiovuo:rlrirto'jr terminal finrrruuillu6u 1 6nuonh t l jUUL e
$ C
. 4 ^ _ ^ ^ ^ . e e v l ^ r 4 ^ . . ^ 4 ^ e _ A v , e d v t , d - AalnuxJlUn.lRnlu?l?1 LlJlJutFt:0.,1lJu .lt. i lJ0nfl?' ' l lJt*U?'thtnuu-LetUOxJu5uuftfr lr
fl0ilfi?Loof runvtriuoilyi'ter?'tltrrirtom terminal uijurird'rnnitur.tnl:Frorufirrnofd'?uv a v _ r . . . . , _ o _ | A d a
htl jUU:lJl t tAf l1?'t air terminal {.114}JtUil . : f lUfi l tJUct ql
- A a v o r . c
rio 6 u'l fr q LW T1 v fl a L oir ulu ur r o.r ri'r 6.,: fi o fl ?'r rJ 14 rJ1 utrj n n oi'0.,:o d A 9 , / q J
18. F t , taou?tnnFia zo 1< t IairofrurutfrNtdN compared to ufjudru?ufiLLflo.rnr:u:J3ulufiuufrafl?'rxilnuru?'r
t -
. d r A X a ,rioorrlfinairrrTrtrrir nnurj3ultfi tl n-t-rrioFr?lilfietlJtu't ccmpared to "tufifilflJu pastparticipal aq:l-Ji l ' loln when g3 percent of Japanese companies are compared to
83 percent . ,
r4N1urfisr compared orrsirr to raio with frtei'^ :
19 sirsroufinnda zTa z
riroBursrfiru16el Besides having rf ludru?uuiln' jr uonatnnt:f i
rio t fieLWT'ty not only oi'0.:qrloi'rl but alsoI
rio 3 ffotw:ry in addition to (= uono'tn) oi'o.':qrilei'ru noun phrase u6a verb fin r vi'r I oi'r u ing tufi fi61 qi'o.,: urj 6 uu have rfl u having fi .roy ufl usr-r 16 o nfi n n
ql
r7o 4 fiouw:rv with respect to uutJn'jrturJ:yl6ulo.: unyoi'o.ta1loi'ru noun phrasez r A v
ttSo verb frn.:yiruoi'ru ing
21 .
20.
22.
23.
B
o i A . t l
o'tgrounnnno ?lo 3o a ; a l Y - d
rirafrurstfrarrGru ila 3 fi telephones uiJuil:ymuLLnv have been installed uflua A o 5 l v r I i o 6 r r I ;
n:u1t.]yt't Ll :JTy Lun?1n'.l141.[0L1Jl*ljTy LUn?1fl1t1J:tUY11.: L?U1nTil LLnv6TAflz',]lJHu',lU
nnoi'or rio t , 2 LLnv 4 fietil:rvu:Jn'jr Tvr:d'rryvinn6ooitoi'r u solar power lrrrairu<U
a ; . q i o - T u < A o T . a Y
lJu'tuho?1) 11.{ytuL71:fl1\?1?1?1't.t ' tuLouTvlJlJ solar nnqog.lo i A y
o1stounnRao ?fa 1o A A
airofrursrfrrur6al ria t uiJu relative clause lJU'tu the employee
ria 3 ffquil:ry pronoun 'it' d.:1ufifioi'0.:6qd{ ufio.:orn which vitarirfiu?tt* it ud'ro d A y
alaouytnnno ra 4o A A A A , V l , r Q r a l / l , 5 l l
a1ofiu'lurilN[6N whether accurate or not Roomruuil 'tu'ir 'Lri ' irov"Ltira5o'Lei"Ld
(yes or no)o i 4
a1staumnnao i la 2o A A A F , t T s / v
erloour grtililtasJ and to screen Lilu Ln:.:fl5't.t1lu.11.t (parellel structure) nu
to handle tu:J:vlunfiritaueo i ' r e , l
24. sr , taou?rnnno ro 1{-
airo8ururfirur6ru Should you haveuiJunr:tfiuuno;rJrurorn 'if clause' 'jt if you
should have 1ri'rorxuzu6qfilrio 2 ulnv s fiqLilr'rvtiju:rj:J:yTucrrirnlil Lreiturj:yTunfirirHuorfl.|u:J:yTunu0nr6i1
#.: u n o'ir d'r lij u:i :yT u n ri-r n1 il ei'o.r fi u er3 o ua il.r EJ ? yi'r u :J :yT r o
rio 4 fiq finnsi'0.:ufiuutiJu Suppose you have (nruru6'jrQrufil
25.o 4 A 9 /
alaou?lnRao 10 4o A i
o1of iu1ut?{aJ[6N r io 4 f i noun2ot-r6ouniqueness LLav diversity 6.:fi o'jr uijud d
nl:t lJUUYlflAsRA?U (parellel structure)
I
PART II: VOCABULARY (250 points)
A. Cloze
Directions: Choose the best alternative to complete each of the following blanks.
In Nepal, tea cultivation requires labour throughout the year. According to afield survey (26)total workforce.(27)
by CWN, child workers make up about l0o of the
plants which may cover a wide area. Even child workers are (28) lnharvesting, which (29) between 7 to 9 months in the year.
Work begins at 7 am and at 12.00 pm, they take their one hour mid-dav mealwhich consists of marze or rice. Problems (30) in the availabiliW ofclean drinking water and children (3 1) from general malnutrition.Shelters are provided as accornmodation by the tea estate owners, but they are not well
are cases of infant mortality due tobeen prevented with adequate food,
(32) and in the rainv seasons there
The plantations may be very large and burdensome work isin many cases simply because of transportation and the attention to
high fever and other conditions which could havewater and shelter.
26.
27.
28.
29"
I
overlooked
reqyli'ed
neglected
lasts
accumulate
complain
functioned
"*p"tiKrnted
aJ
conducted
allowed
managed
roams
relate
torture
renovated
4
predicted
prepared
involved
bears
cause
suffer
improved
hired
rotated
ASSUMCS
exist
resist
maintained
30
3 l
32
10
The chief advantage of oral communicationimmediate feedback. The oral approach is alsocontroversial information. because vou oan read the
is the opportunityuseful when vou
it provides forare presenting
inaudience's (3 3 )their body language and adjust your message (34)
Oral communication takes many forms. ln general, the smaller the audience, themore (35)_ among the members. If your purpose involves reaching adecision or solving a problem, you should select an oral medium (36)toward a small audience. The program should be relatively informal and unsfiucfured
of planningso that ideas can (37) fi'eely. Although a certain amountshould (3 8) the meeting, the participants need not prepare a script or
their remarks. Gatherings of this sort can be arranged quickly andeconomicallv.(3 e)
33.
34.
35.
36
37.
38
39.
40
B.
1
morale
repeatedly
controversy
geared
run
proceed
express
Synonyms
Painting your homeand mercury, eitherwork.
l . poisoned2. displayed
2
reaction
accordingly
domination
lured
distribute
precede
edit
aJ
proposal
consistently
interaction
viewed
disseminate
cohere
rehearse
4
belief
flexibly
relationship
tuned
flow
determine
censor
Directions: Choose the alternative that best keeps the meaning of the underlinedword or phrase.
is one way in which your family may be exposed to leadfrom the paint, or from removing old paint in preparation
contactedsevered
3.4 .
l l
41. A sffong earthquake hit the tourist island of Bali, Indonesia, last December, butthere were no reports of damage on casualties.
l. rocked 'Y 3. erupted ,
2. imposed 4. swept l I
42. Of all the physical features that distinguish Northeast Asians from members ofother races, eye shape is perhaps the most prominent.
43. The lack of information and the ineffectiveness of enforcement make itdifficult to make anv substantive changes.
J - 9
' i t " ' ' ' i
1. relevant 3. virtuous :1, / '' ,''
2. crucial 4. potent, , , " ,
44. For long-term planning, what the developing countries need is sustainabledevelopment.
l. susceptibleT. renewable
l. imminent2. domineerins
l. corresponding2. relative
l. considerate2. untidy
3. eminent4 " renowned
3. maintainable4. lavish
3. bilateral4. accidental
3. magnificent4. urgent
45. Whenever two or more unusual traits or situations are found in the same place,it is tempting to look for more than a coincidental relationship between them.
46. Because he was behind schedule, he did a sloppy job.
47. The man lost his cool with a female reporter after she continued to bother himover a trivial matter.
I . important 3. ridiculous2. controversial 4. insignificant
t2
48. Lake Michigan, boundless and blue, with its shoreside parks and sandybeaches, is regarded as Chicago's glory.
49. There could be at least one redeeming feature of the Bosnian-and-Serb crisis:it may spur Western nations to define their role in armed European confronta-tions.
l. reputation2. landmark
l. stimulate2. promote
3. radiance4. novelty
3. reject4. improve
3. assign4. represent
50. Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technicalvocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things and processes.
l . p lan2. label
13
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PART III: READING
t7
COMPREHENSION (500points)
Directions: Read each passage as carefully and rapidly as you can. Then choosethe best answer for each question.
Passage I
Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport is the Philippines' "window to theworld." That's the view of the airport's general manager, Eduardo O. Carrascoso.But when he took over the job four years ago, it was a pretty dirty window. That'schanged. Carrascoso boosted the airport's reputation---and revenues. It wasn't easy.He has to contend with eight crashes, an attempted coup, an at traffic controllers' strike,the evacuation of earthquake victims from Baguio and a six-day shutdown after Mt.Pinatubo blew up. Amid all these in early l99l he led a 300-man Filipino medical teamto the Gulf.
An engineer and computer specialist, Carrascoso ran his own design andconstruction company. He was recruited to oversee the airport after it had gone throughthree managers in two years. The improvements are obvious: reliable air-conditioning,working phones, clean toilets, more check-in counters. To cope with Filipinos'penchant for greeting, he spent $654,000 to extend the arrivals hall. Security wasbeefed up. Next year a new French-designed terminal is due. It will handle over l0million arrivals a yeab-more than twice the figure now. "We're not the most modernairport in Asia. But we compare favorably."
The airport has soared well into the black under Carrascoso. It's thegovernment's top moneymaker after tax, customs and casino income. Profits of $2.65million in 1990 ballooned to a record $12.7 million last year. The jump came fromincreases in docking and landing fees and rate hikes for concessions like duty free shops.The airport also resumed control of profitable areas it had previously farmed out---cargohandling, maintenance and parking.
Before Carrascoso assumed his position, Manila's Ninoy Aquino InternationalAirport
51.
l. was not well-known by travellers2. had only eight crashes3. was one of the most modern airports in4. was not in a profitable and modernized
Asiacondition
52. To build up Manila International Airport
l. was a tough job for Carrascoso2. caused several crashes3. required at least 300 male workers4. resulted in an attempted coup
l 8
53. The passage is mainly about
L the building of Ninoy Aquino International Airport2. Carrascoso's managerial techniques3. the improvement at Manila International Airport4. the Philippines---Window to the World
54. "These" (line 7) refers to
l. Manila's Ninoy Aquino lnternational Airport2. the improvement of the airporl's reputation3. unforfunate events in the Philippines4. the evacuation of earthquake victims
55. Which is correct according to the passage?
56. One of the following which hasadministration is
I . Carrascoso is a successful manager due to his academic background.2. Carrascoso has put the airport into a critical condition.3. Carrascoso was trained by three managers before he assumed his position.4. Carrascoso has improved conditions at the airport.
still not been completed under Camascoso's
3. phone improvements4. increase in securitv
57.
l " anewterminal2. dependable air-conditioning
It is clearlv stated that
I . airport revenues are now the fourth biggest income of the country2. Manila lnternational Airporr is the most modern airport in Asia3. the Philippine goverrlment makes the most money from its airpoft revenues4. Camascoso spent $645,000 to cope with Filipinos' greeting their friends
According to the passage, the arrporl
1 . will accommodate more than l0 million arrivals at the end of this vear2. accommodated 5 million arrivals last year3. presently can accommodate almost 5 million arrivals4. will accofirmodate about 20 million arrivals next year
58 .
59.
l9
The phrase "beefed up" (line 14) means almost the same as
I . innovated 3. recruited2. increased 4. utilized
60 The phrase "farmed out" (lines 2l) means almost the same as
I . lost profits 3. let others do2. made profits 4. carried out
Passage 2
Cardiologists divide us into fwo types, according to how our personality affectsour heart. Type A individuals are highly competitive, innately hostile, fast eating andrapid talking, whilst B types drown in the milk of human kindness and are sublimelyindifferent to the passage of time. It is an uncomfortable fact that A's die twice asfrequently from heart disease as B's, even when the risks of cigarettes, alcohol andcream buns are taken into account.
Personality is to a large extent genetically endowed: A-Vpe parents usuallybeget A-Upe offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since ifcompetition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the livesof their children.
One place where children soak up A traits is school, which is, by its very nature, ahighly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" ethic andmeasure their success by sporting achievements. The current mania for making childrencompete against their peers or against the clock produces a two-tier system, in whichcompetitive A Upes seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Addistion towinning can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the firstmarathon runner,, dropped dead seconds after croaking: "Rejoice, we conquer."
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasison examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those thingsthey do well. The merits of competition by examination are dubious enough, butcompetition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change intoB's. The world needs both Vpes, and schools have an important duty to try to fit achild's personality to his possible future employment. It is a fallacy, for instance, thatpeople successful in business are full of competitive zeal: there are many B types in topmanagement.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more timemight be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caringprofessions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry andmore by such considerations as sensitivity, altruism and compassion. It is surely amistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-Upe stock. B's are imporlant andshould be encourased.
20
6I. According to cardiologists, Type A individuals are usually
62. Type B individuals are not subject to heart diseases as much as Type A's are,partly because they
1. greedy2. affectionate
1. do not smoke or drink2. are more relaxing
Children develop into Type Aof
1. academic achievements2. personal qualities
3. aggressive4. carefree
3. competitive spirit4. interest in society
63.
64.
65 .
66.
67
l. parental prejudice
3 . drink a lot of milk4. like desserts and qood food
rather than Type B individuals partly because
3. differences in social class2. pressure from their friends 4. heredity defects
What feature of school does the author criticrze?
1. Successful students become discouraged.2. There is a limited emphasis on examination.3. Some individuals are undervalued.4. Sport is rated below academic achievement.
What is particularly harmful about examinations?
1. Failure rates are high. 3. Unsuitable subjects are set.2. The wrong students succeed. 4. Some students are bound to fail.
People usually have the illusion that
l. Type B individuals should change into A's2. Type B individuals are addicted to winning3. Type A individuals are sensitive and compassionate4. Type A individuals do better in business
Entrants to the medical profession at present are selected on the basis of their
I
68.
2 l
It could be said that the author wrote this article
l. when in a depressed mood2. on the basis of his findings3. because of his bias against Upe B people4. in defense of type B people
Passage 3
Gloriosa superba is a tropical creeper that grows wild in Sri Lar:Iria's warrn, moistenvironment, looking much like the sweet potato plant. It is deadly poisonous, a singleounce being enough to cause stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea and death.
In the past, Sri Lanka's traditional healers used a paste derived from Gloriosaroots to treat scorpion stings and insect bites. Today Gloriosa has been shown to haveeven more valuable medicinal properties. Its seeds and roots contain the alkaloidColchicine, which has many uses in the pharmaceutical industry. The drug has beenused to treat gout and rheumatoid arthritis and Colchicine derivatives are now beingemployed in cancer chemotherapy.
Exffacting Colchicine is a complicated process which cannot yet be done in SriLanka. A single plant produces nearly 2,500 seeds weighing about 40 grammes. TheColchicine-containing seeds are expofted to countries such as the United States andGermany which have the industrial facilities required to process them.
At present, in addition to the seeds obtained from plants growing in the wild,there are just over 30 acres under Gloriosa cultivation in Sri Lanka. Plans are afoot toextend this, the majority of growers being small farmers, who cultivate the creeper inlittle plots in between rows of cowpe4 soya and beans.
Thanks to its medicinal properties, this wild plant, which until a few years agowas considered just a poisonous weed, is proving to be a lucrative cash crop for SriLanka farmers.
69. The best title for this passage is "
l. Sri Lanka's new cash crops2. Medicine from a poisonous weed3. Good news for gout patients4. Progress in pharmaceutical research
70. "Gloriosa superba" grows well in a(n) climate.
1. arid2. humid
3. frigid4. temperate
71. Sri Lanka exportsand Germany.
I " leaves2. stems
72 The Alkaloid Colchicine is currently used to treat
22
of "Gloriosa superba" to the United States
3 " roots4. seeds
govemment would
I . encourage farmers to grow "Gloriosa superba"2. preserve "Gloriosa superba" growing in the wild3. set up facilities to process "Gloriosa superba" seeds4. improve the yields of "Gloriosa superba" seeds
7 4. This passage is most likely taken from a
l. pharmaceutical encyclopedia2. medical handbook3. botany textbook4. horticulture newsletter
7 5 . The word "cultivate" (line 16) means
/ J .
l . raise ' / ' , \2. enlarge
Passage 4
I . disorders of the mind2. skin disorders
There is evidence in
3. inflammation of the joints4. stomach cramps
the passage to supporl the fact that the Sri Lanka
3. cut4. remove
Television continued to dominate advertising revenue last year but radioregistered the highest growth among five major media options.
According to Media News released by Ogilvy & Mather, charges in the industrywill rise about l5o/o this year.
It said the advertising industry from 1989-1991 showed growth of 25-30oh peryear. This was slightly affected by fwo major crises last year: the launch of the value-added tax in January and the political turmoil in May.
As a result, there was a slowdown rn 1994 to 23 .loh growth, with total revenue of19,938 million baht.
I'I
I
23
Of the five major media options, radio had the highest growth rate of 30 oh,
followed closely by magazines (24.4%), television (24 l%) and newspapers (18.3%).Cinemas had the lowest increase (3 .7%).
However, in terms of market value, television dominated with 50.9o of the totalrevenue. The remaining 49.loh was shared by newspapers (27 3%), radio (12.2'h),magaztnes (9 .4"/o) and cinemas (,0.2oh).
Of the 96 product categories monitored by the advertising industry, the real estatemarket ranked first with total media expenditure of 2,351.7 million baht last year, a34.3oh increase over that for 1993.
Department stores and pharmaceutical products totalled 681 million baht and 573million baht, respectively.
Of the top 20 product categories, media investment in six market segmentsincreased sharply: technology and communications (179%),'cars (79' ), airlines (5lo ).petroleum products (50. 5oA), commercial vehicles (40.4%) and media promotionagencies @0.2%).
New entries in the 1995 ranking were cars, technology and communications,commercial vehicles and airlines, replacing soap, television sets, photographic productsand toothpaste which dropped out of the top 20 listing.
76 The passage is mainly about
l. major media options2. new product lines
77 . The launch of the value-added
3. economlc expanston4. advertisinq revenue
tax was a factor in
78
l. apol i t icalturmoil2. a decline of 1994 growth rates3. an increase in government revenues4. an increase in radio popularity
According to Media
l. a mill ion baht2. ten million baht
The media expendituremill ion baht.
1 . 5802. 690
News, the television revenue tn 1994 amounted to
3. a bill ion baht4. ten billion baht
of pharmaceutical products was nearly79
3. 2,3604. 20,000
80
81.
24
The top 20 listing for 1994 does NOT include
l . land2. automobiles
Ogilvy & Mather projects thatbillion baht this year.
3. photographic products4. petroleum prociucts
charges in the industry will rise about
3. three4. four
information concernins the
3. product categories4. market value
onetwo
82. The passage does not provide
revenue growthmedia effectiveness
I .)
I2 .
Passage 5
Japan's Nissan Motor Co. will test a device next month that it hopes will rivalcoffee in deterring drowsy driving.
The giant catmaker plans to test an eye-movement monitor that sets off an alarmwhen a driver stafts to nod off at the wheel. Nissan's trial of its drowsy driver detectoron the country's highways gives it a ju-p on other Japanese carrnakers who have yet totake similar ideas on the road, said officials quoted by Kyodo Agency.
The Nissan system, which is to be marketed by the end of the decade,continuously monitors a driver's face with a camera linked to a computer that analyseseye movements and the frequency of blinking.
A pause or drop in the frequency of the driver's blinking triggers an alarm,researchers said.
Priced at about 100,000 yen ($1,, 180) per unit, the detectors will be offered totruck drivers who make long overnight runs, officials were quoted by Kyodo.
The passage tells us all the following EXCEPT
l. what Nissan has recently produced2. who Nissan's new product is aimed at3. where Nissan's new product will be tested4. how popular Nissan's new product is
83 .
25
84. The passage implies that
1. drinking coffee can hardly help solve the problem of sleepy driving2. some other Japanese car companies have been trying drowsy driver
detectors, as well3. truck drivers making long overnight runs often feel sleepy while driving4. Nissan is always the first to come up with new inventions to attract
customers
85. Which of the following CANNOT be infened from the pass age?
l. 'Trial and Error' is the best method for innovations.2. Companies try to get ahead of their rivals.3. Nissan is concerned with the safeu of drivers.4. Nissan tries to ensure the high quality of its products.
86. The writer is about the content of the passage.
3 . neutral4. pessimistic
87 . Based on the passage, blinking less often suggests that a person is
I . absent-minded 3. concentrating deeply2" dozing off 4. being shocked
88. The first paragraph presents all of the following EXCEpT
1. critical2. delighted
l. a limitation2. an expectation
3. a forecast4. a schedule
89. Thanks to the Nissan system, a sleepy driver
I . will no longer feel sleepy2. can improve his eye movements3. will be aware of his sleepiness4. can avoid all car accidents
90' Which of the following would likely be the best headline for the passage?
I. Eye movement monitor to be launched2. Nissan breaking into Japanese car markets3. Drivers alarmed by computer analysis4. Japanese drowsy driver detector development
26
Passage 6
A technology that marks products with invisible labels might force counterfeitersto find new work. By inserting minuscule amounts of antibodies, the ammunition of thebody's immune system, into everything from blue jeans to motor oil, manufacturers willbe able to secretly label their products. This will enable companies and lawenforcement officials to distinguish between authentic products and copies, according toBio-Code Inc. of Cambridge, Massachuseffs. "You want to know that if you're buyingpremium, you're really buying premium." says David Phillips, the company's chiefexecutive officer.
The antibodies used as additives are already approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration. They are non-toxic and can be mixed with consumable goods such aswhiskey.
Once incorporated into a product, the antibodies can be detected by fluorescenceor chemical testing. But consumers won't be able to tell at a glance whether the productrs genuine or a fake. "lt is almost totally covelt," Phillips says of the technology."Most other markers, like holograms and security papers, are ovefi so it's possible tocopy them."
91. Conventional labels differ from the new product marking in all aspects EXCEPT
L visibility2. ease of imitation3. the way to test the genuineness of products4. the types of product to be labelled
92. Which should NOT be the purpose of adding antibodies into products as a newway of labelling?
L To protect consumers' benefits.2. To protect law-enforcement officials' benefits.3. To facilitate companies in identifuing genuine products.4. To prevent some groups of people from producing fake products.
93. What would be the most suitable title for this passage?
l .2.
Counterfeiter CatcherPremium Products
3. Overt Labels4. Non-toxic Additives
27
94. Which statement is true?
l. Antibodies can be added to only some kinds of products.2. One problem of such covert products labelling is that a great deal of the
additive must be used for each item.3. Consumers can immediately identifr a fake and genuine product mixed
with additive.4. The use of antibody additives to each product should also benefit consumers.
95. Which information is NOT mentioned in this passage?
l. In what way customers can identifu genuine products with antibodyadditives.
2. Why new techniques are researched to label products efficiently.3 . With what kinds of products the additives can be mixed.4. How companies test the genuineness of the products with invisible marking.
Passage 7
Radiocarbon dating shows that some of the richly detailed images discovered lastyear in the Chauvet cave near Valon-Pont-d'Arc, France, are more than 30,000 years old.That makes. them the oldest known paintings in the world. The previous record-holder,an outline of a human hand found in another French cave, rs 27 ,1 l0 years old.
Researchers once thought that painting began with simple works like the handoutline, and improved over time. But the Chauvet paintings prove that even in the StoneAge, some artists had masterful skills.
3. physiology4. sociology
97 . The word "That" (line 3 ) refers to the
l. discovery of several primitive paintings in the French caves2. recently found cave paintings having been scientifically tested and found
to be 30,000 years old3 . accuracy of the radiocarbon dating method to identifz the age of early
man's paintings4. Chauvet Cave in France being 30,000 years old
Since the initial expedition into the cave, researchers have discovered a newchamber containing a mysterious drawing of a creature that is part man, part bison.
96. The subject of this extract relates to
l. zoology2. archaeology
98.
28
Which statement is TRUE?
l. The discovery of the Chauvet paintings challenges the previous assumptionthat man developed his skills in painting as time passed.
2. Researchers are correct in thinking that more skillful paintings developover time.
3. The drawing of a hand outline preceded that of human figures.4. Most skillful painters were found in the Stone Age.
99 . According to this passage, how many caves were explored by researchers?
1 I2 .2
I00. The statement "But the Chauvetsome artists had masterful skills.related to
3 . 34 .4
paintings prove that even in)) implies that artistic talent
the Stone Age,is NOT necessarily
I . place2. persons who draw things3. what instrument is used to draw thines4. historical time
29
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31
54. "these" (l::r{efi 7) #rrfir
1. nurrfluu'ru1rl6fiuou ooilu tud.:n:rrufinrq
2. nr::Jil:J:tfrotftutlo.:nurrfluc
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3. crrf:r aTerTrytoi'n nflln aL:ilTq u ri6'onrrfl'r rr Frurioufi tyrov tli'ril oir Ltuu.l<u ql
4 . er r 5:r aTerlrtd'rj iu rJ :.: nn1 1\ ei"r { E lJ o r flu1 il fi utfi6 duo d 4 r 9 , /
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60. ?fi "farmed out" (l::ri'ofi 21-22) uil1ua?-ltl'j1
1 . nru rftu:r utoi' 3. tfffiuqir rfiunr:ql q/ cJ
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32
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9
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avtdonuilaolnnsilou:i:vLR?l A uvirriu eru:J:yunr g frfiemldrdru rLnyn?:e;td;1Jn1rq q /
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35
61. alnfoelnro.rrLl r?rrieirfirrtrrurr.:oi'rufr'rto outj:vtnn A :Jnfiovfifin:Er*v
1. nvlrul 3. ri'rrirr
2. ufilt:Jhruerrrruin 4. il:rsornerrllfi'.:en
ri'rsroufinnda ila 3+
o A j A r '
^ d g ^ ^ . ^ , ^ . ( . : - - - - - r - r . . A a
sr1ofiu1ulil i l[aEJ atnuorarirfi 1 qru:J:vtn?t A fiffnuilv "innately hostile" frsul'tufr.:d v v V l , < r a '
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62. !aflnilryLn?l B fiIonrnuijul:nru-rtofaun'j1!nnnil:vtnil A airurad.:uijutw:rv9 9
:JFtFtnil:vtnr Bq
2. nur'.tu*u'.t utolrnn'jr 4. Toufl1.ttl14?'luttavs'l141TG 'l)
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n n :Er*rtil u o3 u e uun y fi T a nr nuflJ uI: o fr'rto ria u n'jr :J o n n :J :v m r AI
63. u6n l vYouurlerfinnrwliJulerern:J:yrnn A lrnn'jr:JrvLnil B airuradruflJuun:'tv
t lV l , d / r A
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A s / A v
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3. o 1.rll 1 { er utd'il n1 T:J rr Lfi uo rxni r oir ufi uoirI
4 . fiwr n n6'q1fifi fl?'t lJ dr firu rio u n'ir flt1u dr u5ovn.:itr nr:1 l u
I
36
o i A e )Qlnounf lnoa ra 3-_ o _ _ 3
j A I y A r aoraou'tutfri lt6il t jofil irfr 3 nnl?fr.::yr-l:tnir.:fiufio{nn}J (a two-tier system) LLn;do
rarirfi a nairrfi.:n'r:fiT:.:rSuuuriunl:rrli.:flluleulfnr:f,orJrlnrfiut:JyirI u a & A V l c , ILu'ilvtrcrufrfloL'Le'1:J:raLo?'rrJdrrSo; rrnyflo:Jon (n'1r"1",0?) rrofli+fiflouqnoloavtei'ilnr:rj:vlfiueirsirrfiuoS.: nsirr6otiltd':J:yfluo?rardiil ',n-t
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I e i . ^ t - V l - r + i - a | | o 6 6 lalnu0uur?1 5 f lur? Li l i lorr i lufrozuet 1' :rauoyi l :yf lun?,trunru:o"tu- - e - v l - y ^ i ^ . - l ' d a | | - ' , 6 1 v a d t vT:n 0 Lo uuQ v 9l 0.1 u ? fu ru''r ilttl4 { nl : LtlJ..] lJ u 0 u Lu o ? 5 i til un n un ts lJ 0.tq U U I
ou:-J:ymr A
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1 . fl?'tltdruSoyn.:?rrnr:
2. flil#nur*ysiru6'ro d ' r y ,
Fr' lgtou?1nnao %o 1-!
O A A A
G|10 fiu1 u [T{ EJ [A il
3. 6 oi ryqr ilLLyi{ n1:uurj..:rTu
4. n?'rlJnutotuusor#.:nn
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q d d
LUn'rTt:u1.ro
37
f V l e / t 9 / d ; : . X
68. o']Qarnn'' l? L9l1'lzut1luutfluulj?1Fl?1lJu$
1. llruyodtuor:ilnluevi 3. rfia.:ornfioerfiqoLnflnilrvLn?l B( U < u 9
- I L E c , i d A q )
2. lqu"Lr'1ioilEfrLl1[J 4. rffonrilfluuuoetnil:vtnr B< u 9 9
o i A t voroaunnRoo l t o 4+
o A A A A x v r r 4 e / e l c / agrrai iu' tsttT{f lJtglEJ alnLi l9l?' l3JLTO.:U htLq.lnn' ' l?n.l10LRUlJA{n1T}lgi lU1Uflnnn1Wq q
il:smr A rnvfllfufluuunfinn''11^1il:vLR?t Bq 9
Passage 3
Glor iosa superbad' et
s3n-rnr Gloriosa fi#n:sr*voi'uod'rusi'ueiuurrer lunyuflufirfiff:g Gloriosa :Jirurrxufir.:. . - t - - 4 ( o 5 l c , atLFl14u',100usfl'ls.J1TnYl'l"Lu'ufr901n1:il?qYi'o.t otu6uu vi'o.:rfiu uunyfirurin:rtqriltei'
q ^ . - 4 T d , v o vLu0 o sl H lJ 0 tthu L1JTlrulj0.l flsa.lnld1:"lnt o{ q'1{ Gloriosa u'ul gtny t6 u o tfi o dr at-tu v ^ - ^ 4 - . , r q o r v S " t t - : , e _ ^ _ p _ . - . . - | e a v a:n lE.lh n n ttlJ n.lur 0 Ltil.lil 0.1o o u tu:loo:tuil'Le'fr nr:ri'unu'ir oi'u Gloriosa rJn rLlfl]Ju gyt-l.: ul9 J C l g
o r v r r u v l v l l v g
ua1uilTvnl: ri lff 'oLtnvT'lnflo.:si'u Gloriosa finr: alkatoid colchicine drrflJunr:td'nluorir.:nal.l lJ?1.1Lu?.lnlTtnfltn::ri urfrvirornEr'u Gloriosa fitftunT :in:Erl:flrn1f (gout) LLflyT V l c , a . ' lt:o-tlrioontnl (rheumatoid arlhritis) ttnvulfif ln-qQ'tnflt: Colchicine tf ' lunt:yirrnfrdrl-o
A v T c -tW0:nU1 L:Fti lyL:..1 (cancer chemotherapy).
a/
n'l:flnofl ' lr Colchicine tiJulurunt:fi{.:rirnLLaru-.tteifl1il1Tnyirtoi'tu:J:yurseS#;nrq
oi'u Gloriosa ud.loi'un'1il1:ntd'tilfrqdruru 2,s00 rfrqfifidlrarinrj:villil 40 niru rruKofifiv
fl'l: Colchecine ?o.lQi'u Gloriosa fioyai.:oont:Jt-.::J:ytyregir.: ,l ltiu:J:yt?1pfflT;fiouruinr, ' d s4 / a | , - d f 1 . - 4 - o d d 6 l uLtavLU0TlJu u.llJ:vtYlflLunlilnloSot:.t0?t't.,toqtfl1iln::i lffufrt. ':trto"Lunr:nd'oar: Colchicine
orn uilffeei'u Gloriosaq q r a ' X F ^ c v l y - - - ? ' . - r r A X a , q d u dLu:J0oLuuuonorntilfr gfr'Lo'ornst'u Gloriosa filunrrur'T:ilu.lnLrn? Lt*flTfl.tnretn-l:q
:-Jpnoi'u Gloriosa tfit.: 30 LoLnsi oY..:rfu6..:td'finr:uEr3rrrLhilnr:Tu.rEJdufirjnn rifiilnnoi'u9 l e o v r o u N o o r r r u r r r d u L J r L ) 1 , ' | 3 J g j
Gloriosa nirutraqjlfJutnuflTnrr.luriouToulJ''rnurro;ilpnoi'u Gtoriosa dtuuu:Jnrufrn 6l :yu-jr.lql
u:Jn.:oi'u cowpea oi'ufiriHfi at unyoi'uriry a - ,
/ ^ r ^ - : ^ ^ ^ S - ^ l ^ q ^ y A - . - - e - . F X A q 4 a | 6 r v d ;n rLtflilL o?1'l.l U'l? o{ a'u G loriosa frvrr-tra'frTr::ut't 6rfiofifrt"Luo q fl n O?'t nJu?Tl lTTlI
d A d t - d - , a A - - a - _ _ - v l v I d vlJ 1 l 19 n A',t U LtJ U1^t5 t fl :u6n o fl .t 1i't 11 u -Lot'ilr
aiun :En :n :T1 ? fl5n.: n1qJ
09. {iol3o.:fi 6fi nori'ruiurcr?lild60q
1 . fi ne::*0fi otraril o.,l e6n'rnr&9
2. u'r01n;rfirfififirg
3. rirrGdrHilriilruT:ornryiqJ
4. fl?1il Ti"trurirtunr:io"uvr'r{ tn #rn::n!
o El A 'lt/
a loaunnRno ?a 2-I
O A A A o y
a10DU1g[ ] tN lC IN n1q0L1o
3B
u flJ ut fr fi a u Lr q fo u fi du o'r rr r':: rr m,i tufi u fi fo ufi'ur o r :J : y r yr s
. F t _ 4 . A d ; A X r 4 - r d a2 t1J 1{5 0 LT 0.1 y] t14 lJ't v fl lJ n q0 Lil,| :'t v u5 o r u-to n sir r fr .: n-l rh fr I
Gloriosa drtuo 6 o l:r fi o'ir rijufrfirfi fin:si/
u101nnu
39
70. qi'u Gloriosa superba dutrtdtu#nuluvotnlfl
1 . ttti'.:v
A
2. T1.[o i , r
aloaurlnnna i la 2-o A A A Q v A v l v d | | v X - a
srrodu'tstt l iEJtgii l LuErouglu1J0.:uior LgttJnlTnal??1au Gloriosa avlugt' l lJ5T:tjt laq i . ' v . , A d , r c /tufrufrfoufru (warm, moist environment) frrfiermiluillutur,ounu
humid c l imate
71. tl:yL?lestn.:nrai.:oonnirutororsi'u Gloriosa lrj:J:vLyrflRu;ooLil3n1LLnvLua:rTu5l
1. L:_t 3. :1n
2. oi'u 4. ul6oo i A
a' laourlnnno i la 3-o A i A q L i q a i V l s V l v r u | | d v I
orooursryrrursrru tuurrYrqr 13 Lutra{ Lor;]J L?au1.159tLou?'t lJ:vt?lf l f l :n{n'] f l . lo0nq
d V l r u I u a v
t i lnI Gloriosa LtJu.::J:;L?lf lf l l Til0ti l :nltLn;LuOTIJu
: - : < t Q s S l u
72 .; iQirJUt: ',]Lufl ' tT alkaloid colchicine Lunr::n19'']o' ' tnl:
1 fiqi ln6ynr6gr 3. r ioonunu
2. fie:Jnfiilrrfiuafit 4. rjroyj'oro i 4 l
alaou?1nnao i la 3-o A i A q u A ^ [ v v l s , i o A u
a10fiu1u[?{N[GrN tuL::YrgtYt I to:vlJ t??'1u1l't?l ' , ] i l lQ1nm: alkaloid colchicine ytnno
a 1 n ei'u G I o ri os a rirhJtdtunr :;n u.l ri:-h uT: ertl rio ffn t ru (rh e u m ato i d(U
afthrit is)
v
73. ufio nrm lturt o.:virtv{riei'r 1.{?r:'rlJ'iriour at 0.1:Jrv ryrsqtn-lnlar
1 nrirnqutri'tn*rixlqnoi'u ctlriora superbaq q l
2. ouin:$oi'u Gloriosa superba fiduo'rlr::ilT16
3. 6er6'{rn3otfiofitd'nn-eulfrq Gtoriosa superba
4. vVolurhnhffqto.turufi 'q Gloriosa superbao d A l t ' /
a' laou?1nnao ?ro 1+
o A A A q u ; I v Vl q , , V l sd d X A I e2
a10f iu1rJ[Y{N[AEJ LU]JT:?]9r?1 1 l t9 :v1J L??1 tq i ln1: tO:UXJLLzuUn' , t : l jU lUl lUrUAnqUc q t
A ^ | v l ' t r V l s , u I d v u
G I o ri osa fr .: vn tvirJo r u m il I T n n:il'to.r r 5olr n :J ry Lr fl fls n.: nr nul fluu$ g d s q
Q * t v &Lraunt*g:n:ilnnoi'u Gloriosa rltnflu
qJ
3. uilu
4 . trifauulnvtrirul? tfiutil
40
v
74. ll?rrr?1lJfiurovri1il1orn
1 . fl'rr1unril?r1.rm#rn::etI
2. eifi ovn.:nr:unr foir:rwquennsrf
a gu rr ldrr Yrl n nr: Ln uq:
4/
9roA/
U'I U
3
4,(UI
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a1glelu?1nnao ?!a 4-l r v r r
riraiur s rfiru rGru 60.:firfju6or rfi urrTunr:ri'unr.rnrnraruffiil1.r Ei'rll o.:oi'u Gloriosaq
A A t d t i ' i ) u Y A X a r o
fl .l n 0 ?'l L! U n ? 1 il n1 ? H U'l Yl'l.l n1 T Ln U9 T O.1 UU tT 0.1 UA.l U'l 0 y U'l lJ 1 0 1 n
o o14 rJl udrrrrrnl:Lnt*q: dr 6fi rfdl? Fr:'r? Frrr ru unrfi outrartu..nltd
75. riTir "cultivate" LLln'i1
1. :Jnn<U
2. 1JU1uo i , r t t t
Gr.tstoumnRaa 7to 1
3
4.
41
Passage 4
r-J ?r er ?1 lr fi'n air r fi { u 0 er ll'r u.: r uIzu :grLlt i-r ufr o sir r "]T t A T u 6 : v o v l v e s i A r f , A an"r:LGilBn*triruRoLvt:vrgriurorynrru'Lqt'ruuonoou rl Lreinl:t,ruurur r.J'tuflo?rrrlfinr:
q
a l q e i T 'u6ulflfl.:flo "Lu!::qrflo LqJrerulu#n s fro
c t 9
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T A , X Y
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ogilvy & Mather :ru'jrq:fioT*rr*r*rtud?.rtJ 1989*1991 finr:rutu6'1 25-30o/o Eiofl9 < l
y - - - ^ - . e - . f - 1 1 1 - v y ' - . - - - . . q - - y - - . - ^ 4 6 - q * ' i o X A a r i e ' i v l - ,an:rnr:ueru Lel.t'La[5r2fln:v?rlrufinriouo-ln z inqnnlTnflvrqi f fiufiefiuufioTJffrud'r frr'touun
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d 9 ' , X s q g a T T 6 l
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uunyT:rnrn uuo{ 0.2%
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