Chemistry and Matter

Chemistry is the study of matter and the transformations it undergoes.

Chemistry

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and its resistance to change in motion along a smooth and level surface.

Volume is the measure of the space occupied by the object.

What is Matter?

1.Substances- are either:a) elements simplest kind of matter◦cannot be broken down any

simpler and still have properties of that element!◦all one kind of atom.

Types of Matter

Types of Matter

b) compounds are substances that can be broken down only by chemical methods

when broken down, the pieces have completely different properties than the original compound.made of two or more atoms, chemically combined (not just a physical blend!)

Types of Matter

2. Mixture- physical blend of at least two substances; have variable composition. Can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

Which is it?

ElementCompoundMixture

◦Particles of matter are always in motion.

◦The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

Kinetic Molecular Theory(KMT)

Solids◦ very low Kinetic Energy◦ fixed shape ◦ fixed volume◦have weight.◦ take up space◦ are held tightly and packed fairly close together◦ they are strongly attracted to each other ◦ vibrate

Four States of Matter

Liquids◦ low Kinetic Energy ◦particles can move around but are still close

together◦take the shape of their container (variable)◦ fixed volume◦some attraction between them ◦movement is limited by attractions between

particles◦Flows◦take the shape of their container.◦have weight and take up space.

Four States of Matter

Gases◦high Kinetic Energy ◦particles can separate and move

throughout container◦variable shape, spread out to fill the

entire space given◦variable volume◦have weight and take up space. ◦have little attraction between particles

Four States of Matter

Plasma◦very high Kinetic Energy◦ particles collide with enough energy to break

into charged particles (+/-)◦gas-like, variable

shape & volume◦stars, fluorescent

light bulbs, CRTs Lightning is a plasma.

B. Four States of Matter