石竹科( caryophyllaceae ) * k 4-5, (4-5) c 4-5 a 5-10 g (5-2:1)
DESCRIPTION
石竹科( Caryophyllaceae ) * K 4-5, (4-5) C 4-5 A 5-10 G (5-2:1). 草本,节膨大。 单叶对生。 花两性,整齐,二歧聚伞花序或单生, 5 基数; 萼片 4—5 ,分离或结合成筒状,具膜质边缘,宿存; 花瓣 4—5 ,常有爪; 雄蕊 2 轮 8—10 枚,或 1 轮 3—5 枚; 子房上位, 1 室,特立中央胎座或基底胎座,花柱 2—5 ,胚珠多数至 1 。 蒴果,顶端齿裂或瓣裂,很少为浆果。. 本科约 75 属, 2000 种,广布全世界,尤以温带和寒带为多, - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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石竹科( Caryophyllaceae ) * K 4-5, (4-5) C4-5 A5-10 G (5-2:1)
• 草本,节膨大。• 单叶对生。• 花两性,整齐,二歧聚伞花序或单生, 5 基数;• 萼片 4—5 ,分离或结合成筒状,具膜质边缘,宿存;• 花瓣 4—5 ,常有爪;• 雄蕊 2 轮 8—10 枚,或 1 轮 3—5 枚;• 子房上位, 1 室,特立中央胎座或基底胎座,花柱 2—
5 ,胚珠多数至 1 。• 蒴果,顶端齿裂或瓣裂,很少为浆果。
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• 本科约 75 属, 2000 种,广布全世界,尤以温带和寒带为多,
• 我国有 32 属,近 400 种,全国各地均有分布。
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石竹属( Dianthus )• 草本,节膨大。单
叶对生。花单生或成圆锥状聚伞花序;萼结合成筒,具 5齿;花瓣 5 ,檐部和爪部分明,相交成直角;雄蕊 10 ,2 轮;花柱 2 ,特立中央胎座。蒴果。种子多数。
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石 竹 属
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石 竹 属
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石竹( D. chinensis L. )
• 多年生草本。叶线形或宽披针形。萼下有4 苞片,叶状开展;花瓣外缘齿状浅裂,花白色或红色。原产我国。栽培,供观赏、药用。
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石竹( D. chinensis L. )
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香石竹(康乃馨)( D. caryophyllus L. )
• 叶狭披针形,灰绿色。花单生或 2—3 朵簇生,有香气,苞片 4 ,长及萼的 1/4 ,花色有白、粉红、紫红等。原产南欧,栽培,供切花用。
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香石竹
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须苞石竹(美女石竹,什样锦)( D. barbatus L. )
聚伞花序,花多朵密集,深红色,有白斑。栽培,供观赏。
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瞿麦( D. superbus L. )
• 萼下有宽卵形苞片 4—6 个;花瓣粉红色,顶端深裂成细线条。全国广布,欧亚温带地区也有。全草入药。
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繁缕 [Stellaria media ( L. ) Cyr.]• 草本。叶
卵形。花小,白色;花瓣 5 ,每片 2 深裂;雄蕊10 。田间杂草。
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繁 缕
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太子参(孩儿参,异叶假繁缕)Pseudostellaria heterophylla ( Miq. ) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.
• 多年生草本。块根长纺锤形,肥厚。产我国华东、华中以北。块根入药,能健脾、补气、生津。
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卷耳属 Cerastium
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球序卷耳 Cerastium glomer
atum
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狗筋蔓 Cucubalus baccifer
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剪秋罗属 Lychnis
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蓼科( Polygonaceae ) * K3-6 C0 A6-9 G (2-4:1)
• 草本,茎节常膨大,• 单叶互生,全缘;托叶膜质,鞘状包茎,称托叶鞘。• 花两性,有时单性,辐射对称;花被片 3—6 ,花瓣状;
雄蕊常 8 ,稀 6—9 或更少;• 花粉近球形至长球形,具 3 沟、 3 孔沟、散孔、散沟
等多种类型,即使在同一属中,种间差异也很明显,外壁雕纹也有刺状、粗网状、细网状、负网状等多种形状;
• 雌蕊由 3 (稀 2—4 )心皮合成,子房上位 1 室,内含1 直生胚珠。
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• 坚果,三棱形或凸镜形,部分或全体包于宿存的花被内。
• 种子具丰富的胚乳;胚弯曲。
• 本科有 30 属, 1000余种,全球分布,主产北温带。
• 我国产 12 属, 200余种,分布于南北各省。
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蓼属( Polygonum )
• 草本或藤本,节明显。花被有色彩,常 5 裂;雄蕊 3—9 。坚果为宿存花被所包。胚弯曲。本属有 600余种,我国有 120余种。
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何首乌( P.multiflorum Thunb. )
• 藤本,地上茎称夜交藤。圆锥花序大而开展。坚果 3 棱形,包于翅状花被内。块根和藤入药。
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何首乌( P.multiflorum Thunb. )
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虎杖( P. cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. )• 草本。茎中空,散生红
色或紫红色斑点。叶卵圆形。雌雄异株。根入药,称“九龙根”。
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萹蓄( P. aviculare L )
• 平卧草本。花数朵,腋生。坚果卵形,有 3 棱。广布北半球,全草药用。
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西伯利亚蓼( P. sibiricum Laxm. )
• 叶矩圆形或披针形。花序圆锥状顶生,花梗中上部有关节,花黄绿色,花被 5 深裂;雄蕊 7—8 。坚果有 3 棱。产我国西南至北部,生于盐碱荒地或砂质含盐土壤。
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拳蓼(刀剪药)( P. bistorta L. )
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红蓼( P.orientale L. )
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水蓼(辣蓼)( P.hydropiper L. )
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杠板归( P. perfoliatum L. )
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蓼蓝( P.tinctorium Ait. )
• 叶可加工成靛青,作蓝色染料。
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大黄属( Rheum )
• 多年生粗壮草本。叶根生,阔而大。花小,两性,花被 6裂,广展,结果时不很扩大;雄蕊 9(6) ;花柱 3 。坚果有强翅。
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大黄( Rheum officinale Baill. )• 根状茎粗壮,黄色 ; 叶掌状浅裂 ; 根茎作泻下药,有健胃作用。
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掌叶大黄( R. palmatum L. )
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鸡爪大黄( R. tanguticum Maxim.
ex Regel. )
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酸模属( Rumex )
• 草本,多具茎生叶。花两性或单性,淡绿色,具柄,花被 6 深裂,外面 3 枚小而内弯,内面 3枚扩大而成翅,翅背常有 1 小瘤体;雄蕊 6 ;子房 3 棱,花柱 3 。坚果被扩大的内花被片所包。
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酸模( R. acetosa L. )
• 叶基箭形,嫩叶和嫩茎供蔬食。
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羊蹄( R.japonicus Houtt. )
• 叶基心形,根入药能清热凉血、杀虫润肠。
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荞麦属( Fagopyrum )• 本属的荞麦( F.esculen
tum Moench )一年生草本,茎直立,分枝,红色。花白色或淡红色。叶广三角形,基部心形。坚果卵形,有 3锐棱。我国各地栽培,种子磨粉供食用。
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荞麦( F. esculentum Moench )
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本科重点特征 • 草本,节膨大。• 单叶,全缘,互生,有托叶鞘。• 花两性,单被;萼片花瓣状;子房上位。• 坚果,三棱形或凸镜形。