Complete Blood Count( CBC)

Introduction

Blood is a liquid tissue consists of cells suspended in a liquid called plasma.

These cells are: RED BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS

CBC test A COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC) is a

very common clinical procedure.

It tests for disorders and abnormalities of the blood and gives an indication of disease present in other organs.

The components of CBC test are: RED BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS

CBC components

1.Red blood cell (RBC) count is a count of the

number of red blood cells / L of blood.

Normal values are: Adults: (males): 4.6 - 5.9 million, (Females): 4.2 -

5.4 million Newborns: 5.5 - 6 million

Children: 4.6 - 4.8 million

Polycythemia (high altitudes, physical training,

and smokers, polycythemia vera)

Anemia

Red Blood Cells

2. Hemoglobin (Hgb) measures the amount of

hemoglobin in g/dL.

Normal Hgb values:

• Adult: (males): 13 - 18 gm; (Females): 12 - 16 gm

• Newborn: 17 - 19 gm.

• Children: 14-17 gm

Mirrors RBC results

Red Blood CellsCBC components

3. Hematocrit (Hct) measures the percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of whole blood.

Normal range:

• Adult: (males): (males): 45%; (Females): 35%

• Newborn: 65 %

• Children: 25 %

Mirrors RBC results

Red Blood CellsCBC components

3. Red blood cell indices

• Hgb < 12 g/dL or the hematocrit < 37 %

Anemia

• RBC indices are useful in the differential diagnosis

of anemia.A. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a

measurement of the average size of RBCs. Macrocytic in caused by vitamin B12 and folate deficiency anemia.

Microcytic in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemias

Red Blood CellsCBC components

3. Red blood cell indices B. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the

average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell.• Mirror MCV result. C. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

(MCHC) is a calculation of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a red cell.

Hypochromia in iron deficiency anemia and in thalassemia.

Hyperchromia as in burn patients.

Red Blood CellsCBC components

3. Red blood cell indices

D. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the variation of the RBC population.

In Pernicious anemia, the amount of variation (anisocytosis) in RBC size causes an increase in the RDW.

Red Blood CellsCBC components

1. Total white blood cell (WBC) count is a count of the actual number of white blood cells per volume of blood.

2. White blood cell differential looks at the types of white blood cells present.

There are five different types:

Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils

White Blood CellsCBC components

2. White blood cell differential

Measures the actual number of each type of WBC per volume of blood

A. Neutrophils Neutrophils account for about 70% of all white

blood cells. Mainly respond to a bacterial infection.

Neutrophilia in case of bacterial infection.

Neutropenia due to impaired production (e.g. after chemotherapy), increased peripheral destruction (with viral infection and autoimmune disease).

White Blood CellsCBC components

2. White blood cell differential

B. Lymphocytes

Lymphocytosis is usually due to acute infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus infection and viral hepatitis, and chronic intracellular bacterial infection (e.g. tuberculosis).

C. Monocytes

Monocytosis (High monocyte count) is associated with chronic inflammation as tuberculosis.

White Blood CellsCBC components

2. White blood cell differential

D. Eosinophils

Eosinophilia are observed mainly in parasitic infections, asthma, or allergic reaction.

C. Basophils

May be increased in bone marrow related conditions such as leukemia or lymphoma.

White Blood CellsCBC components

• Platelets are special cell fragments that are important in blood clotting

1. The platelet count• Total number of platelets per volume of blood. • Determine whether number is adequate to control

bleeding. • Decreased when greater numbers used, as with

bleeding; with some inherited disorders.

2. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is the average size of blood platelets.

Younger platelets are larger than older ones.

PlateletsCBC components

Thanks For Your Attentio

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