® apprenticeship in germany l’apprendistato in germania festival del lavoro, brescia (italy)...
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Apprenticeship in GermanyL’apprendistato in Germania
Festival del Lavoro, Brescia (Italy)Workshop 21 June 2012
“Dove si incontra il lavoro: L’apprendistato in Europa”
Jessica ErbeFederal Institute for Vocational Education and Training
(BIBB, Bonn)
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Contents of the Presentation
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“Locating” the apprenticeship in the German education system
Understanding the “dual” apprenticeship system (training purpose, main principles of the VET system, formalisation,organisation or: what's „dual“ about it?)
Financial aspects of the apprenticeship
Key Figures on the apprenticeship (entry rates, age & prior education of pupils, apprentices & companies, duration, success, employment)
Role of social partners
Abbreviation: (I)VET stands for (initial) vocational education and training
“Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia)
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Continuing education
Education System in Germany (simplified)
3 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia)
Dual system 45%
ISCED 3B
Lower secondary school
Secondary level I 10 (12) to 15/16 years
Primary level 6 to 10 (12) years
Secondary level II 16 to 19 years – with re-entriesbetween sectors
Tertiary levelover 19 years
Primary school
Full-time voc. school 15% ISCED 3B
Upper secondary school 40%ISCED 3A
Intermediateschool
Grammarschool
Universities
ISCED 5A+6
Continuing vocational training
ISCED 5B
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What is the Training Purpose of the Apprenticeship?
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Learning at the work place
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What are the main principles of VET system?
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2011 350 training regulations
1996 - 2010 82 New training regulations230 modernised training regulations
example mechatronic
On what basis are people trained?
6 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia)
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In-Company Training
Apprenticeship contract
Chambers and othercompetent bodies
Trainer
Vocational Training Act
Company training schedule
Enterprise
Training regulations
Compulsory vocational school
District Presidents or School supervisor
Vocational school teacher
School acts of the states
Curriculum
Vocational school
Framework curricula
Counselling and monitoring
Training personnel
Legal basis for training
Learning venues
Legal basis fortraining relationship
Legal basis for recognised occupations
Content of training
School Training
What's „Dual“ about the German Dual System? Basic Elements
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FundingTraining enterprises States, districts and municipalities
€
§
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Figures for the year 2007/ 30.9 billion EUR (in total)
State
Who finances the apprenticeship?
8 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia)
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Why? What are the Costs and Benefits for Companies?
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Source: Walden et al. 2008 (BIBB)
Average amountsper apprentice per year
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Who Enters the Apprenticeship System?
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Level of school leaving certificate of all new apprentices in 2009 (100%)
Average age of apprenticeship beginner
19+ years
Source: BIBB-Datenreport 2011
Entries into IVET 2010
Dual system IVET 560 000 51%
Full-time school IVET 220 000 20%
Transition/Integration 320 000 29%
grammar school (could go to univ.) 20%
intermediate school 43%
secondary general school 33%
no school leaving certificate 4%
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Number of newly concluded training contracts in 2010male 57,7 %; female 42,3 %
560.073
Number of apprentices in totalout of which publicly funded
1.571.45710,5%
Source: BIBB-Datenreport 2011, Figures for Germany
Key Figures on the Apprenticeship in the Dual System
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Companies offering training (2010) 470.000 = 22,5% of all companies
Average training allowance 678 €
Training contracts' termination rate (2009) 22,6%
Final examinations' success rate 90,2%
Number of training profiles 350
Regular duration 2 – 3,5 years
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How is the Labour Market Situation after the Apprenticeship?
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(in 2011) Germany EU
15-24 year olds 8,1 % 22,7 %
25-74 year olds 5,2 % 8,4 %
Total 5,5 % 9,8 %
(in 2009) Germany
No vocational qualification 21,9 %
Vocational qualification (IVET/CVET) 6,6 %
Higher education degree (ISCED 5A) 2,5 %
Total 8,4 %
Overall unemployment rate by age
Unemployment rate by qualification
Companies' in-take rate after graduation 61 %
Employment in the company where the apprenticeship was made
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National level
Participation of representatives of the trade unions and employers in the development of standards;
Official recommendations relating to all fields of VET
Regional level
Federal states: Recommendations regarding the coordination between school and enterprise
Competent bodies: Counselling; monitoring / quality assurance; examinations; certificates
Sectoral levelNegotiations on the supply of apprenticeships; wage agreements covering apprenticeship pay
Company level Planning and carrying out training in the enterprises
Governance: Role of the Social Partners
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Governance: Responsibilities of Competent Bodies
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= chambers of skilled crafts
= chambers of industry &
commerce
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Thank you for your attention.
Jessica ErbeBundesinstitut für BerufsbildungTel.: +49 228 107 2403e-Mail: [email protected]
15 “Apprenticeship in Germany” (Jessica Erbe, BIBB; 21 June 2012 Brescia)