Millions of Immigrants

* Additional immigrants are mostly illegals and legalized aliens

Europe/Canada (Legal)

Additional*

All Other (Legal)

14-16+(est.)

0.1

2.8

0.6

2.32.61.7

0.5

4.1

6.0

9.0

3.7

5.2

7

3.8

1.0

2.5

15+?

10

21st Century:Current In-Flows Are Very High

21st Century:Current In-Flows Are Very High

DEMOGRAPHICS

--”Mexico’s population growth has fallen to an annual rate of 1.1 percent in the first decade of this century from 3.2 percent in the 1960s, according to the Migration Policy Institute.”

Source: New York Times, January 31, 2013

APPREHENSIONS--“In the El Paso, TX sector, the number of detained illegal immigrants fell to roughly 10,400 last year [2012] from 122,000 in 2006.”

Source: New York Times, January 26, 2013

DEMOGRAPHICS--In 1970, a Mexican women, on average,

gave birth to 6.8 babies.--Today [2010], the country’s [MX] is 2.1.--The US birthrate is 1.8.--The birthrate for 2nd generation Latina

women is US is approximately 2.8.--The birthrate for 3rd generation Latina

women is US is equal to US average.

Source: New York Times, Jan. 12, 2012

POLITICS--HAZELTON, PA WAS FIRST CITY TO ENACT

LOCAL ORDINANCES PROHIBITING BUSINESSES FROM HIRING UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS AND PHOHIBITING LANDLORDS FROM RENTING TO UNDOCUMENTED.

--FEDERAL JUDGE RULED IT THAT MOST PROVISIONS WERE UNCONSTITUTIONAL

--OTHER JUDGES RULED IN FAVOR OF SIMILAR ORDINANCES

--SUPREME COURT RULED THAT THESE KIND OF ORDINANCES ARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL

STATE LAWS PASSED1.) ALABAMA, 2011 = most restrictive, some

provisions upheld, while others were ruled unlawful

2.) ARIZONA, 2010 = most ruled unlawful3.) GEORGIA, 2010 = no real challenges yet4.) SOUTH CAROLINA, 2010 = no real

challenges5.) UTAH, 2011 = first state to pass a “guest

worker” program, among other provisions**CALIFORNIA = passed “dream act”,

among other immigrant-friendly provisions

Four Basic Legislative Pillars:

--Create a tough but fair path to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants currently living in the United States that is contingent upon securing our borders and tracking whether legal immigrants have left the country when required;

--Reform our legal immigration system to better recognize the importance of characteristics that will help build the American economy and strengthen American families;

--Create an effective employment verification system that will prevent identity theft and end the hiring of future unauthorized workers; and,

--Establish an improved process for admitting future workers to serve our nation’s workforce needs, while simultaneously protecting all workers.

VISA PROGRAMS

1.)TEMPORARY RESIDENCE STATUS = “STUDENT VISA”

2.) PERMANENT RESIDENCE STATUS = “GREEN CARD”

3.) NATURALIZED CITIZEN = CITIZEN

4.) H-2-A = TEMPORARY AGRICULTURAL WORKERS

5.) H-1-B = SKILLED WORKERS

6.) H-2-B = SEASONAL UNSKILLED

VISA PROGRAMS, GREEN CARD

--VERY DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN--CURRENT WAIT IS ABOUT 12-

YRS.--ANCHOR BABY IS A MYTH--10.8 MILLION IN US--FEES INCREASED

SIGNIFICANTLY

VISA PROGRAMS, H-2-A--CREATED IN 1986 BY THE

IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT OF 1986, IRCA

--FOR SEASONAL AND TEMPORARY AGRICULTURAL WORKERS

--DEPARTMENT OF LABOR HAS TO CERTIFY AS WELL AS ROLE FOR STATE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD

--HISTORICALLY, SUGAR CANE AND APPLE INDUSTRIES RELIED HEAVILY ON THIS PROGRAM

VISA PROGRAMS, H-1-B--CREATED IN 1990

--FOR HIGHLY SKILLED WORKERS

--CAPPED AT 65,000 PLUS 20,000 FOR MS AND PHD’S FROM US UNIVERSITIES

--REACHED CAP IN A WEEK

--WILL ISSUE THROUGH LOTTERY

SOURCE: WALL STREET JOURNAL, APRIL 1, 2008

VISA PROGRAMS, H-2-B--CREATED IN 1991 FOR SEASONL NON-

AGRICULTURAL WORKERS--INITIAL LAW LIMITS VISAS TO 33,000 FOR

WINTER AND 33,000 FOR SUMMER--EACH YEAR SINCE PASSAGE, WAIVERS HAVE

BEEN ISSUED BY CONGRESS TO DO AWAY WITH CAP.

--IN 2005 RETURNING WORKERS BECAME EXEMPT FROM CAP WITH THE PASSAGE OF THE SAVE OUR SMALL AND SEASONAL BUSINESSES ACT

--THE SAVE OUR SMALL AND SEASONAL BUSINESSES ACT EXPIRED ON SEPTEMBER 30, ‘07

SOURCE: NEW YORK TIMES, MARCH 41, 2008

THE BORDER--THE SECURE FENCE ACT OF 2006

AUTHORIZES THE CONSTRUCTION OF 700 MILES OF FENCE.

--SECRETARY CHERTOFF ISSUED WAIVERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS FOR 470 MILES OF BORDER.

SOURCE: NEW YORK TIMES, APRIL 2, 2008

THE BORDER--THERE ARE ROUGHLY 21,000

BORDER PATROL AGENTS IN 2011

--IN 2001, THERE WERE 9,000 AGENTS

--COST OF PROGRAM IS IS QUITE SIGNIFICANT

POLICE AS ENFORCERS--THE 287(g) PROGRAM AUTHORIZES HOMELAND

SECURITY TO `DEPUTIZE’ LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TO CARRY OUT IMMIGRATION LAW MATTERS

--REQUIRES FEDERAL OVERSIGHT

--MARICOPA COUNTY [PHOENIX] HAS THE LARGEST 287(g) PROGRAM, 160 OFFICERS

--OFfICERS CAN ASK FOR `PAPERS’ DURING A ROUTINE TRAFFIC STOP

--ALMOST NON-EXISTENT TODAY—SHERIFF SUED

SOURCE: NEW YORK TIMES APRIL 9, 2008

REAL ID, 2005--FEDERAL LAW REQUIRING ALL STATES TO BE

COMPLIANT IN ISSUING DRIVERS’ LICENSE.

--EACH STATE HAD TO PASS ENABLING LEGISLATION.

--TO OBTAIN NEW OR RENEW, APPLICANT MUST SHOW PROOF OF LEGAL STATUS.

--ALL STATES MUST BE ISSUING COMPLIANT LICENSES BY JAN. 1, 2010

DREAM ACT--Proposed federal law that would allow undocumented

students [came to US before they were 16-yrs.] to pay in-state-tuition and enter pathway to citizenship if they obtain undergraduate degree and/or join armed forces.

--Estimate is that 726,000 students would be immediately eligible for the program…[New York Times, 8-9-’10]

--A moratorium on deporting such eligible students has been requested by Sen. Richard Durbion [D, IL] and Richard Lugar [R, ID]...[New York Times, 8-9-’10]

--The Obama administration…is sparing one group one group of illegal immigrants from expulsion: students who came to the US w/o papers when they were children...[New York Times, 8-9-’10]

DREAM ACT--In WI, law passed in 2009 went

into effect July 1, ’09 that allows undocumented students to pay in-state-tuition….in July 1, ‘11, this law was repealed, …many other states have similar laws…challenged in CA, but Supreme Court upheld in 2011.

ARIZONA LAW, S1070--Passed in Spring 2010, to take effect on 7-31-’10

--Required law enforcement jurisdictions in AZ to require papers—documenting legal status—if officer has a “reasonable suspicion” that stopped person doesn’t have papers.

--Allows for ordinary citizens to sue law enforcement jurisdictions if they are NOT implementing S1070

--Federal judge issued injunction against implementing on 7-30-’10

--Many challenged law on ground that is institutionalized “racial profiling” and usurped Federal authority

DEFERRED ACTION--In June, ‘12, President Obama

announced that undocumented individuals that met certain requirements would NOT enter deportations proceedings.

--The program is technically known as, “Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, DACA

DEFERRED ACTION: Eligibility1.) Under 31-yrs. on 6-15-‘12

2.) Came to US before age 16

3.) Continuously lived in US since 6-15-’07

4.) physically present in US on 6-15-’12 and at time of submitting application

DEFERRED ACTION--Estimate is that 1.2 million can be eligible

for program

--As of 6-30-’13, approximately 547,400 applications have been submitted

--Nearly 400,600 [72%] have been accepted

--First approvals were issued in mid-September ‘12

--Vast majority of remaining applications are being reviewed—e.g. not many rejected

Source: New York Times, August 14, ‘13

DEFERRED ACTION--Applications came from 192 countries--75% from

MX

--Top 25-countries = 96% of all applications

--Only 4% from Asian countries

--Applicants came from all 50-states, but most came from CA, TX, NY, IL, & FL

--Applications peaked in Oct, ‘12 at 116,200, while June ‘13 had only 18,300

--Two-thirds of applicants were 11 or younger when they came to US

Source: New York Times, August 14, ‘13

SOCIAL SECURITY--SSA estimates that the comprehensive

immigration bill passed by the Senate will add $276 billion in next ten-yrs., while costing only $33 billion.

--Many assumptions lead to the estimate--Most economists agree the affect is positive, but

small--About 1/3 of current unauthorized immigrants

pay SS-taxes--About 70% of unauthorized immigrants are

eligible for legal status and they will contribute $500 billion [net] in next 36-yrs.

Source: New York Times, July 13, 2013

THINK ABOUT THIS“Sen. L. Graham [R. SC]…said it was `a mistake’

to allow American-born children of illegal immigrants to become citizens automatically, a practice known as birthright citizenship. He said that along with a plan to grant legal status to millions of illegal immigrants, he would also amend the 14th amendment as a ways of discouraging future unauthorized immigration.”

Source; New York Timee, 8-7-’10

THINK ABOUT THIS“…in a recent CNN poll, 62-percent of

respondents said that the policies that made America a `melting pot’ in the early 20th century were a good thing, while only 31-percent said the same policies were making the country stronger now. …the same basis question of who gets to share in the American experience…”

Source; New York Times, Op-Ed, 8-8-’10

THINK ABOUT THIS“Staten Island Neighborhood Reels After a

Wave of Attacks on Latinos”--”Civic leaders and police officials say they are exploring

many possible reasons in the violence: anti-immigrant fervor, racism, gangs, the boredom of idle youth during the summer, joblessness, overcrowding and even the notion that attacking Latinos acquired a cachet in the neighborhood this year, prompting copy-cat assaults. …all conversations about motive have eventually urned to a dynamic familiar to many neighborhoods in NY; demographic change”;

Source; New York Timee, 7-31-’10