Democritus) Leucippus)

-

John Dalton) - -

infinite divisibility)

Joseph John

Thomson) -

-

Marie und Pierre Curie - -

Ludwig Boltzmann - -

Max Planck - -

Ernest

Rutherford) -

-

Niels Bohr - -

Ernest O. Lawrence -

cyclotron)

-

Paul Dirac und David Anderson - -

Murray Gell-Mann - -

Eric Cornell und Carl Wieman - --

CERN - -

Brookhaven - -

1.

2.

3.

e/m)

1.76 x 108

3.

4.

1.60 x 10-19

9.11 x 10-28

5. ,

6.

7.

8.

11H, 21H 31H

9.

23 11 Na

10.

400 - 700

-

E = J)

h = 6.625 x 10-34 Js)

= Hz)

C = 3.0

x 108 m/s

= m) (1 10-9

HCI)

1.

ion +)

2.

1

1.

.

4.

IE)

Mg(g) + IE1 Mg+(g) + e- , Mg+(g) + IE2 Mg2(g) +

e-

Zn(s) Zn(g) 130 kj/mol

Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e- 737 kj/mol

Zn2+(g) Zn2+(aq) 2046 kj/mol

kj/mol 1) 607 ,

2) 1179 , 3) 1439 , *4) 2653

2n2

3919 K 2, 8, 8, 1

( 1 A 4)

1.

2.

3.

(

2

2

Electron)

Proton)

0

10pm to 100pm

up down

x ^(- x ^(-

Neutron)

up

down x ^(-

isotope)

Beta Decay, Double Beta Decay, Beta

Capture, Gamma Decay

quantum effects -

wave model)Bohr model)

quantum mechanics)

The electron orbital

wavefunctions

hydrogen

principal

quantum number

azimuthal quantum number s, p

d) column)-

wavefunctions

Schrodinger Equation

,

-

Pauli Exclusion Principle

anti-symmetric)

o Orbital Angular Momentum

o Energy Level Quantized

(

o

quantum number) principal, azimuthal,

and magnetic

o

spin

Analytical

calculation)

Spin-Orbit

Coupling Electron-Electron interaction

Non-Linear)

computer

Hartree Fock method

Root mean square

× m --

× m

,

--

amu

--

--

1.

2.

3.

4.

k l m n o p q

5.