REVIEWING WORLD

HISTORY

GEOGRAPHY 5 Themes – PRILM

Place Defined by physical and cultural characteristics

Region Division of the world into different locations based

on similaritiesHuman-Environmental Interaction

How people change and shape environmentLocation

Absolute - exact Relative – can change – in relation to something

elseMovement

How and why people move around

CIVILIZATIONS Features of a civilization - PERSIA

PoliticalEconomicReligiousSocial Intellectual/ArtArea/Geography

RENAISSANCE Rebirth of art and learning

Starts in Italy – money to invest, trading, contact with others, closeness to Greece and Rome, end of wars, and end of plague (want to be happy!)

After the Middle Ages Change from dark time of thinking negative,

focus on church and farm lifeNow focus on growing middle class, cities,

people and individuals, SECULAR

REFORMATION Starts after Martin Luther puts 95 Thesis

on Catholic Church door Questioning ways of the Catholic Church

that he saw as corrupt IndulgencesKing’s spending moneyChurch spending money

Printing Press spread ideas Creating of new churches

Protestants

KING HENRY Creation of Church of England and

making himself leader of church and stateNeeded a divorce to get a son

LEGACY OF RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

Monarchies gain power Pope and Church lose power New religions Rise in secularism and individualism

EXPLORATION AND GLOBAL EXCHANGE

Marco Polo’s adventures to China and back sparked interest in the rest of the world outside of Europe

Adventure and curiosity Sea route to Asia so faster and cheaper

WHY EXPLORE 3 Gs

GodGloryGold

New Technologies help with exploration Competition between all the nations

CONQUISTADORS Spanish and Portuguese who conquered

Latin America Trying to expand empire and gain

resources/wealth Able to defeat Latin American tribes

because of Guns, Germs, and Steel

NORTH AMERICAN EXPLORATION Came looking for more freedom, better life,

religious freedom, business opportunities Not really about conquering and expanding British and French settled this area

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Exchange of products from Old World to

the New WorldFood, resources, diseases,

TRIANGULAR TRADE Trade between Europe, Africa, and North

America Middle Passage – slave exchange

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Discovering how the world works

No longer saying “because God made it so”Using mathematics, formulas, and astronomy

to figure out worldGeocentric vs Heliocentric Theory

Scientific Method DevelopedState ProblemForm hypothesisExperimentCollectAnalyzeConclude

ENLIGHTENMENT Political, social and economic problems

can be solved by reason Logic Rooted in ideas of reason and progress People questioned why society was

structured the way it was and how it can be improved

REVOLUTIONS A change in way things are

Can be violent or can be peaceful

AMERICAN REVOLUTION Great Britain tried to gain more control

over the 13 Colonies after years of leaving them alone

French and Indian WarCaused Great Britain to be in debtForce taxes on colonists to pay for the war“No taxation without representation”

Can’t tax because we aren’t represented in Parliament

Go to war Write Declaration of IndependenceFought and won their independence

AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT

Americans influenced by Enlightenment ideasPeople have natural rights – life, liberty,

happinessSet up the country with 3 branchesPeople have a say so in their governmentSocial Contract Theory

FRENCH REVOLUTION Start because of

Bad leadershipDivided into 3 Estates – 3rd pays most of the

taxesEconomic troubleEnlightenment IdeasAmerican Revolution

Tennis Court Oath Starts tumultuous years for France going

through multiple government Reign of Terror – Robespierre Napoleon Bonaparte – ends French

Revolution Is he good or bad?

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Starts with Agricultural Revolution

Enclosures, crop rotation, breedingNeeded to feed growing population Increase health of the population

Industrial Revolution – switch to machine made goodsFactors of production: land, labor, capitolNatural resources – rivers, coal, iron, oilStable countryEntrepreneurs

Lead to urbanizationGrowth of cities and people moving to them

EFFECTS OF IR

Positive Negative

Growth of cities New jobs Money New Goods Technology Middle Class Connecting cities

Overcrowding Spread diseases Sanitation down Tenement housing Bad working

conditions Child Labor

LABOR UNIONS

Group of workers who want better working conditions, better pay, better hours, etc

Go on strike to get demands met Do get changes

Minimum wageChild labor laws passedRegulations in factories

IMPERIALISM When a more powerful country takes over

a weaker country Use natural resources, workers, and raw

materials to make powerful country wealthier

Reasons for imperialismResources/economicNationalismReligionRacism

Forced the natives to be workers

AFRICA & IMPERIALISM Berlin Conference

Agreements on how to divide up Africa peacefully

Divided depending on European ideas – not paying attention to Africans

Led to destruction of territory, culture, languages, religions, traditions, many deaths

IMPERIALISM & JAPAN Very traditional and didn’t want

outsiders in territory Japan was forced to open ports and

began to industrialize Modernization during Meiji Era

Japan did not want to be taken over so they changed to be more like the imperialistic countries

WWI Causes of WWI – MAIN

Militarism – building militaryAlliances – join together Imperialism – caused mistrustNationalism – led to a lot of competition

Spark of WWIAssassination of Archduke FerdinandGermany encouraged A-H to declare war on

Serbia The Alliance system caused the war to be

on a world wide scale

US INVOLVEMENT IN WWI At first stay isolated and neutral

Not a US war – European problem and US doesn’t want to be involved

US Becomes Part of WWI becauseGermany’s use of Unrestricted Submarine

Warfare - Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram

US helps win the war after Russia leaves war because of a civil war

NEW WAR TACTICS Trenches along the Western Front –

stalemateProvides protection from new weapons

More movement along Eastern Front Machine guns Poison Gas Submarines Airplanes Tanks

END OF WWI Armistice signed on Nov 11, 1918 Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 Germany severely punished

War Guilt ClauseHas to pay reparationsLose military and weaponsLose landCause feelings of hate towards new German

government – feel betrayed Creation on League of Nations

Good intentions but doesn’t work

DEPRESSION US went into an economic depression and

eventually the Great DepressionStarted with the Stock Market Crash

Due to the US being the leading economy in the world it effected all other economies

Many European economies were already suffering and things got worse when the US economy went down

RISE OF TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS

Economic Trouble always creates an atmosphere for change – willingly to listen to anyone who says they can make it better

Totalitarian – total control Mussolini – rise to power legally in Italy

Promised economic stability Better Government Creates alliances Wants an empire

Stalin – rose to power in Soviet Union Took over the communist government Begins to industrialize Soviet Union Total control

TOTALITARIAN LEADERS CONT… Hitler – Germany

Leader of Nazi PowerGained power over timeGreat Speaker – promised to get revenge Builds up military, factories, creates

alliances Hideki Tojo

Military leader in JapanUsed the Depression and people’s

discontent with government to gain supportExpands Japan’s empire and army

SHARED CHARACTERISTICS

Used scapegoats to rise to power Killed “enemies” who were in their way Used the Great Depression and other crises

to rise to power People were desperate and supported them Came to power legally and through elections Made empty promises, used propaganda,

and paranoia Promoted fascism or communism to get

support Censorship and few rights for people Built up the military and economy