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  • 551394

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    1

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    : 1 91054073 ):

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    3 gated communities

    : 1394/08/27 : 1394/11/26

    . . . 3 . . 268 . . 99 57 49 . 99 16

    . 33

    . :

  • 561394

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    ) ( ... .)Sediqfar, 2014: 30( . )( ( )

    2.

    .

    3. 3.1.

    )secures( 2 . )Almasifar & Ansari, 1985: 23(. 3 .)Carmona, 2003: 107( Rafiean( et.al, 2012: 57(. . .)Shieh, 2007: 146(

    .)Shabanjoola et al. , 2015: 99( 1

    .

    2 Security3 J. Lang

    1. . . . )Ehsanifard et al. , 2013: 322(. 879 )Zanjani, 1988: 363(. )Akhavan Kazemi, 2007: 14( . )Bemanian & Mahmoodi Nejhad, 2009: 55(. 1 )Maslow, 1943: 377(.

    . . .

    . " . " )Blandy et al., 2003(. Blakely and( )Snyder, 1997 )Grant & Mittelsteadt, 2004(. .

    1 Maslow

  • 571394

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    .

    .3.3.

    5 4 " " )Wood & Dupont, 2006: 125(. Blakely and( .)Snyder, 1997 .)Grant, 2004: 196( 300 )Blakely and Snyder, 1997(. . _ )Habibi, 2005(. )Morris, 1994(. )Newman, 1995(.

    .)Baycan ; et.al, 2007( )Gulumser , 2005( Blakely and Snyder,(

    4 Walled5 Fenced

    3.2. .

    . - : 1 2 / .

    . - : 3 .

    . : - . ) ( )

    .)Farid Tehrani, 2011( ( . .

    . )CPTED( .

    . . .

    1 Dispositional2 Social crime prevention3 Situational

    )Abbaszadegan, 2005: 72( : 1: -

    )1987()1973(

    )1965(

    )1959(

  • 581394

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    6 . )( . )D. Breetzke et al.,

    2014: 123( )Chainey & Ratcliffe, 2005( 7 50 . Bakely(

    .)Siltani & Mazini, 2009: 19 & Synder, 19773.5.

    . . .

    2 .

    4. 4.1.

    10 548 .)Statistical 667 499 )of Iran, 2011 .)Raeesnia, 1989: 956( .)Yahiya al-bladhuri, 1985( . )Habibi, 2005(. Yahiya( 22 )al-bladhuri, 1985 .

    6 Gregory D.Breetzke7 Chainey & Ratcliffe

    .)1997 Coy and Phler,( .)2002 . 1 ) ( . Landman & Schntiech, 2002; Glasze &(

    .)Alkhayyal, 2002; Jrgens & Gnad, 2002

    : : 2

    . 3 : .

    . : 4 .

    .)Blakely and Snyder, 1997( .

    .)baycan et,al, 2007( 3.4.

    5 . )M=5/84 , SD=1.23( )Abdullah et)M=3/05, SD=1/23(

    .al., 2012: 63(

    1 Fashion trend2 Life style community3 Prestige community4 Security zone5 Aldrin Adullah

  • 591394

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    . ) 1340

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    . 4.2.

    . 12 1392 . GIS .

    . . 268 .

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    (.- 1 ) .- 2 .- 3 .- 4 .- 5

    3-

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  • 601394

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    4.3. . 1)LQc( LQ . LQ LQ . LQ 1

    1 Location quotients

    LQ . 0/5 1 LQ )Zyari, 1999(. LQ

    :)D. Breetzke et al., 2014: 123(

    ij : Cij

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  • 611394

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    ij :Hij Cij: Hij:

    . . .

    : ( 1

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    . .( 3 ) ( ( 4

    .)Shokrani Disaj, 2015(

    . LQc 0.071547

    .

    . LQc . 500

    .

    1 )LQcb = 1.195(. .

    . 1 . . .

    .)Kalantari et.al., 2009:48( .

    .)Kalantari et.al., 2009:48(

    .)Kalantari & Tavakoli, 2007: 75( Gi* GIS . p z . . . .

    :)Mitchell, 2005( Gi*

    1 hot spots

  • 621394

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    n j i wij j xj .

    Gi* z z . z . z

    . z p z p . p z . 1 p z 4

    .)Scott & Warmerdam, 2005( p z Gi

    5 6 .

    )Hotspot( 62 3 90 17

    90 . )Hotspot( 52 . 90 62 . 90 35

    17 . .

    z ) ( p )(

    1.65+> 1.65-

  • 631394

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    .

    . .

    ... .

    5. . .

    . _

    . ( ) )LQc( 500 . . . . .

    .

    99 57 49

    cold spots . 99 16 33 .

    hot spots .

    . . Blandy( Synder, 1977 &( )D.Breetzke et al., 2014( . 1 . Blakely( Synder, 1995: 1 &(. .

    . )CCTV( .

    .

    1 Miami

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    5: P z Gi

    Type Gi_Bin Min_ZscoreMax_Zscore

    SD_Zscore

    Min_Pvalue

    Max_Pvalue

    SD_Pvalue Percentage

    ColdSpot99% -3 -14.94 -2.69 3.7183 0.00 0.01 0.0016 56.96%

    ColdSpot95% -2 -2.34 -1.99 0.2463 0.02 0.05 0.0193 3.11%

    ColdSpot90% -1 -1.88 -1.65 0.0918 0.06 0.10 0.0157 2.32%

    Not Significant 0 -1.62 1.57 1.0230 0.11 0.92 0.2797 19.91%

    HotSpot-90% 1 1.87 1.88 0.0067 0.06 0.06 0.0009 0.26%

    HotSpot-95% 2 2.10 2.10 0.0000 0.04 0.04 0.0000 1.20%

    HotSpot-99% 3 2.67 41.65 8.3537 0.00 0.01 0.0006 16%

    6: P z Gi

    Type Gi_Bin Min_ZscoreMax_Zscore

    SD_Zscore

    Min_PValue

    Max_Pvalue

    SD_Pvalue Percentage

    ColdSpot99% -3 -26.2 -2.58 5.4760 0.00 0.01 0.0011 48.63%

    ColdSpot95% -2 -2.58 -1.96 0.1735 0.01 0.05 0.0111 2.69%

    ColdSpot90% -1 -1.96 -1.64 0.0913 0.05 0.10 0.0145 1.24%

    Not Significant 0 -1.64 1.64 0.9247 0.10 1.00 0.2697 12.15%

    HotSpot90% 1 1.64 1.96 0.0901 0.05 0.10 0.0143 0.85%

    HotSpot95% 2 1.96 2.58 0.1773 0.01 0.05 0.0114 1.47%

    HotSpot99% 3 2.58 54.28 12.6920 0.00 0.01 0.0010 32.94%

    3:

  • 651394

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    Reference: Abbaszadegan, M., (2005). Socio-

    psychological dimensions of urban open spaces, Quarterly international journal of industrial engineering and production management, Vol. 16, No.1, pp.69-84 [in Persian].

    Abdullah, Aldrin & Mohd Salleh, Mohd Najib & Md Sakip, Siti Rasidah, (2011). Fear of crime in gated and non-gated residential areas, Asia Pacific international conference on environmental-behavior studies; online published by Elsevier; pp. 63-69.

    Akhavan Kazemi, Bahram, (2007). Security and its aspect in Quran, Journal of Islamic Studies, Mashhad, Vol. 75, pp. 11-31 [in Persian].

    Almasifar, Nina & Ansari, Mojtaba, (2010). Study of environmental security in regional parks as part of urban spaces from women perspective according to CPTED (case study: Saaiy Park), journal of management, Vol. 8; No. 25, pp. 21-34[in Persian].

    Bemanian, M.R. & Mahmoodi Nejhad, (2009). Security and urban design; Tehran; Tahan publications [in Persian].

    Blakely, E. & Synder, M. G., (1995). Fortress communities: The walling and gating of American suburbs: Land Lines; Vol. 7; No. 5.

    Blakely, E. J. & Snyder, M. G., (1997). Fortress America: gated communities in the United States; Washington D. C., Brooking Institution Press.

    Blandy, S. & Lister, D. F. & Atkinson, Flint, J., (2003). Gated communities: a systematic review of research evidence, CNR Paper 12; April; pp. 1-65.

    Carmona, M. & Heath, T. & Tiesdell, (2003). Public places, urban spaces; Architectural Press.

    Chainey, S. & Ratcliffe, J.H., (2005) GIS and crime mapping, London, Wiley.

    Coy, M. & Phler, M., (2002). Gated communities in Latin American megacities:

    case studies in Brazil and Argentina, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29(3), pp. 355 370.

    D. Breetzke, Gregory & Landman, Karina & G.Cohn, Ellen, (2014). Is it safer behind the gates? Crime and gated communities in South Africa, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, Vol. 29, issue 1, pp. 123-139.

    Ehsanifard, A. & Shoaee, H. & Maleki shoja, K., (2013). New security concept in urban studies from the viewpoint of the new city Eshtehard, Modiriat shahri Journal, No. 31, pp. 317-334. [in Persian].

    Farid Tehrani, Sayeh, (2011). Fear of crime in urban spaces; Tehran, Armanshahr publications [in Persian].

    Grant, J & Mittelsteadt, L., (2004). Types of gated communities; Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 31(6), pp. 913 930.

    Glmser, A. A., (2005). A New Trend in Urbanization: Gated Communities in Istanbul, unpublished Master Thesis Supervised by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tzin Baycan Leve Institute of Technology and Science, Istanbul Technical University.

    Habibi, Mohsen, (2005). Historical analysis of the concept of the city and its physical aspect, Tehran, Tehran University Publications [in Persian].

    Kalantari, Mohsen & Tavakoli, Mahdi, (2007). Identifying and analysis of urban hotspots, Crime prevention studies quarterly, Vol. 12; No. 2; pp. 75-100 [in Persian].

    Kalantari, Mohsen & Hedayati, Akbar & Abasi, Elham, (2009). The effects of type and amount of land use in the formation of hotspots using GIS: A case study (Drug trafficking and abuse in Ghazvin), Daneshe-e-entezami Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 141- 181 [in Persian].

    Landman, K. & Schnteich, M, (2002). Urban Fortresses: Gated communities as a reaction to crime, African Security Review, Vol. 11, pp. 71-85.

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    Soltani, Ali & Mazini, Samane, (2009). The role of gated communities in promoting sense of security, case studies of two urban districts in Shiraz, Quarterly Entezame-e-ejtemaei, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 5-36 [in Persian].

    Maslow, Abraham, (1943). A Theory of human Motivation; originally published in Psychological Review, Vol. 50, No.4; pp. 370396.

    Mitchell, Andy, (2005). The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 2. ESRI Press.

    Newman, Oscar, (1995). Defensible Space: A New Physical Planning Tool for Urban Revitalization, Journal of the American Planning Association, Volume 61, Issue 2, pp. 149-155.

    Peter, W. G. & Morris, (1994). The Management of Projects, Thomas Telford.

    Raeesnia, Rahim, (1989). Azerbaijans history book; Tabriz, Nima Publication [in Persian].

    Rafiean, Mohsen & Moayedi, Mohammad & Salmani, Hassan & Tavangar, Leyla, (2012). Assessing sense of security from landscape approach (case study: Evine neighborhood), Quarterly studies on Iranian Islamic city), Vol. 2, No. 8, pp. 55-68 [in Persian].

    Scott, L. & Warmerdam, N., (2005). Extend Crime Analysis with ArcGIS Spatial Statistics Tools, Arc User Online, AprilJune.

    Sediqfar, Amin, (2014), The Role and Position of Wall and City Gates in Morphology of Iranian Cities, Geo- design Summit Europe, Netherlands, Delft University of Technology.

    Shabanjoola, E. & Zandieh, M. (2015). Evaluating the Role of Urban Landscape in Citizens Security, case study: Qazvin City, Bagh Nazar Journal, No. 32, pp. 92-102. [In Persian].

    Shieh, E., (2007). Introduction to urban planning foundations, Tehran, Iran science and technology university publications, 19th edition [in Persian].

    Shokrani Disaj, Mahsa, (2015). Analysis the impact of the form of urban spaces on incidence of environmental crime-integrated analysis using space syntax and isovist (case study: Urmia city), MA thesis in urban design; Tabriz Islamic Art University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism [in Persian].