© 2011 mcgraw-hill higher education. all rights reserved. chapter eight: taking control of alcohol...
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© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Chapter Eight: Chapter Eight: Taking Control of Taking Control of
Alcohol UseAlcohol Use
© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
The Nature of Alcoholic The Nature of Alcoholic BeveragesBeverages Ethyl alcohol or ethanol
Produced through fermentation May be concentrated through distillation
Alcohol content Beer: 4% Wine: 10-14% Port, sherry: 20% Distilled liquors: 40-100%
Proof = Twice the alcohol concentration
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The Nature of Alcoholic BeveragesThe Nature of Alcoholic Beverages
Alcohol = central nervous system depressant May appear to act as a stimulant in social
situations because it depresses the inhibitory centers of the brain
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Physiological Effects of Alcohol Physiological Effects of Alcohol ConsumptionConsumption
Absorbed primarily in small intestine Factors that influence absorption
Strength of beverage Number of drinks consumed Speed of consumption Presence of food Degree of hydration Body chemistry Race/ethnicity Gender
Metabolized in the liver
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Gender and Alcohol AbsorptionGender and Alcohol Absorption
Women absorb more alcohol more quickly than men Less alcohol dehydrogenase Proportionately more body fat Proportionately less body water Effects of menstrual cycle
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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
BAC = percentage of alcohol in a measured quantity of blood
BAC rises when alcohol is consumed faster than it is metabolized by the liver BAC: 0.05% Changes in behavior BAC: 0.10% Decrease in motor function BAC: 0.25% Body starts to shut down
Alcohol poisoning= potentially fatal elevation of BAC, often resulting from heavy, rapid consumption of alcohol
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Alcohol PoisoningAlcohol Poisoning
Danger Signs Occurs after heavy drinking in a short period
of time Unconsciousness, deep stupor Shock Vomiting Weak, rapid pulse Irregular breathing, pale or bluish skin
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First Aid for Acute Alcohol IntoxicationFirst Aid for Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Seek medical assistance: Call 911 Lie person on their side to avoid choking if
vomiting occurs Position head lower than the rest of the body to
help prevent asphyxiation
Monitor breathing and pulse rate
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Patterns of Alcohol UsePatterns of Alcohol Use
Reasons people drink Effective, affordable, legal
psychoactive drug Reduced inhibitions Associated with positive
events and characteristics, “good times”
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Alcohol ConsumptionAlcohol Consumption
One drink: 12 ounces of beer 5 ounces of wine 1.5 ounces of liquor
Current use: Consumption of least one drink in the past 30 days
Binge drinking: Consumption of five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the last 2-weeks
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College Drinking: Negative College Drinking: Negative ConsequencesConsequences
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Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Ages 12 or Olderamong Persons Ages 12 or Older
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How Much Alcohol Do College How Much Alcohol Do College Students Really Drink?Students Really Drink?
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Alcohol and Wellness: SummaryAlcohol and Wellness: Summary
Alcohol-related medical problems Effects of chronic use Fetal alcohol syndrome
Alcohol-related psychological problems Alcoholism Alcohol abuse
Alcohol-related social problems Accidents Crime and violence Suicide
Alcohol-related family problems
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Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use on Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use on the Bodythe Body
Chronic malnutrition Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Cirrhosis and other liver disorders Cardiovascular disease Cancer Infectious diseases
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Effects of Alcohol Use on the BodyEffects of Alcohol Use on the Body
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)
Alcohol crosses the placenta and can cause birth defects in unborn children Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Low birth weight Mental retardation Facial abnormalities Heart problems
Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) Partial expression of FAS
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Fetal Alcohol SyndromeFetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Alcohol-Related Psychological Alcohol-Related Psychological ProblemsProblems
Alcohol dependence (alcoholism) Primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial,
and environmental influences Tolerance, withdrawal, pattern of compulsive use Physical addiction, serious health effects
Alcohol abuse Pattern of drinking that creates personal difficulties or
difficulties for other people—harmful consequences Consequences/indications
Missing classes, reduced academic performance Blackouts Legal problems
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Alcohol-Related Social Problems Alcohol-Related Social Problems
Accidents Motor vehicle collisions Falls Drowning Fires and burns
Crime and Violence Suicide
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Alcohol-Related Family and Alcohol-Related Family and Relationship ProblemsRelationship Problems
Alcohol and the family Dysfunctional family behaviors Associated problems
Enabling Denial
Codependence Dual addiction
Adult children of alcoholic parents Women and alcohol—special concerns
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Responsible Use of AlcoholResponsible Use of Alcohol
Becoming a responsible drinker Don’t make getting drunk the goal or
drinking the focus of your activity Eat food before drinking Set a limit on the number of drinks you will
consume Limit alcoholic drinks to one an hour Don’t use alcohol to manage your feelings Don’t leave your drinks unattended
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Responsible Use of AlcoholResponsible Use of Alcohol
Hosting a Party Responsibly Host negligence Designated driver Guidelines:
Provide other beverages in addition to alcohol Provide food Serve diluted drinks Do not urge guests to keep glasses full If a guest becomes intoxicated, provide
transportation home, or overnight accom.
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Organizations That Support Organizations That Support Responsible DrinkingResponsible Drinking
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Students Against Destructive Decisions
(SADD) BACCHUS GAMMA Peer Education Network
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Alcohol AdvertisingAlcohol Advertising
Targets minorities, women, and youth College advertising Wine cooler ads Concentration of liquor stores and
advertising in low-income, ethnic communities
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Treatment for Alcohol ProblemsTreatment for Alcohol Problems
Rehabilitation centers Hospitals Medication Counseling Support groups
Alcoholics Anonymous Al-Anon and Alateen
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Chapter Eight: Chapter Eight: Taking Control of Alcohol UseTaking Control of Alcohol Use