© 2011 maharaj mukherjee a comprehensive history of india lecture – 2 – 9-25-2011 diversity...
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© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
A Comprehensive History of A Comprehensive History of IndiaIndia
Lecture – 2 – 9-25-2011Lecture – 2 – 9-25-2011DiversityDiversity
Maharaj MukherjeeMaharaj Mukherjee
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Why do we study Why do we study History of India - RecapitulationHistory of India - Recapitulation
• India and USA are both democracies
• They both have diverse population
• They both have large natural resources
• They both are naturally protected
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Diversity in US and India - Diversity in US and India - RecapitulationRecapitulation
• Unity in Diversity
• United we Stand Divided we Fall
• If we do not hang together we will hang separately
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
The our first ancestor came from The our first ancestor came from Africa Africa
Her Name is Lucy
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
People Slowly Migrated from Africa People Slowly Migrated from Africa to All over the Worldto All over the World
About 20000 Years Ago the Whole World was Populated with Human
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Why do people migrate?Why do people migrate?
• Basic Needs for Survival– Food and Water– Climate and Weather– Population pressure and Competition– Freedom
• Pursuit of Happiness
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
The Early Population of the World The Early Population of the World were Hunter - Gathererswere Hunter - Gatherers
They are also the first inhabitants of India
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Hunter Gatherer-s Hunter Gatherer-s 10000 years back10000 years back(There were exceptions)(There were exceptions)
• They would hunt animals, fish for food• They would collect fruits or roots• They also knew some farming• They knew how to use fire• They had dogs for pets that they used in hunting
– May be they also had cats
• They lived in huts made of branches or woods or in caves
• They knew how to draw pictures
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Hunter Gatherer-s Hunter Gatherer-s 10000 years back10000 years back (There were exceptions)(There were exceptions)
• They did not know how to bake clay to make pots or bricks– They need to stay close to water
• They did not have cows, or horses, pigs or chickens– In India some ancient people had horses or horse like
animals
• They did not know how to melt metals to make tools
• They did not know how to use wheels
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Hunter Gather LifeHunter Gather Life
• 10000 years ago the life of human did not impact nature as much as it does now– There are exceptions
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Something Happened 10000 Years BackSomething Happened 10000 Years Back
• They learned how to farm for food• They learned how to bake clay and make clay pots and
bricks– They started building cities
• They learned how to use animals – bulls and cows for farming
• They learned how to use copper and mix it with tin to make bronze– They made metal tools and weapons
• They learned how to use wheels to make carts and pulleys
• They could dig for water and • They could mine minerals for metals
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Where it all Started?Where it all Started?The Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent
• 10000 Years Ago: The Human Civilization Started in the Fertile Crescent
• 5000 Years Ago: The Civilization Reached the Western Part of India and the South Eastern Europe
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Social DevelopmentsSocial Developments
• The society could now support all other kind of professions:– Rulers and soldiers– Traders– Thinkers and Educators
• They developed early form of religion
• They also developed war and fighting– This also started the first slavery
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
World’s First Temple – World’s First Temple – Gobekli Tepe (in Turkey)Gobekli Tepe (in Turkey)
12000 years ago12000 years ago
• The pillars stand for gods who are accompanied by animals
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
India 5000 Years BackIndia 5000 Years Back• A spread of Fertile Crescent Spread to the
Indus Valley
• Discovered by – Rakhal Das Banerjee and Daya Ram Sahani
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Map of IndiaMap of India
Himalayas
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
Indian Ocean
Bindhya
Western
Gh
at
Eastern
G
hat
Indu
s R
iver
Ganges River
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Some Link from Ancient Religion to Some Link from Ancient Religion to Modern Day ReligionsModern Day Religions
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Questions about Early Civilization:Questions about Early Civilization:
• Why didn’t it spread east of the Indus river?– Climate– Different seasons– Main crop of fertile crescent was wheat – which did not survive
in too much rain– It was difficult to cross glacier fed river like Indus which never
dried up.
• Why didn’t it spread only East-West and not North-South? – Climate and Weather
• What happened to these early civilizations?– Some of the people remained - some migrated to other parts
© 2011 Maharaj Mukherjee
Example QuizExample Quiz
• Where did the first human come from?– Africa
• What kind of people were the first inhabitants of India?– Hunter Gatherers
• Where did the first human civilization start?– The Fertile Crescent in Turkey/Iraq
• Where did the first civilization start in India?– The Indus Valley
• When did the first human civilization start in India?– About 5000 years back
• Give One Reason why People Migrate– Basic Needs and Pursuit of Happiness