© 2007 thomson brooks/cole, a division of thomson learning standards in the profession: ethics,...

© 2007 Thomson Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning

Standards in the Profession:

Ethics, Accreditation, Credentialing, and Multicultural/Social Justice

Competences

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Defining Values, Ethics, Morality, and Their Relationship to the Law Morality Ethics See Table 3.1, p. 68: What Do Counselors Think

Is Ethical?

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The Development of and Need for Ethical Codes ACA, APA, and NASW developed codes in 1950s

and 1960s Similar in nature They change because society changes and values

of associations change as society changes Purposes of (See p. 67) Problems with (See p. 69)

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Codes of Ethics in Helping Professionals ACA 2005 Code (summary, pp. 69-71), Sections:

▪ A: The Counseling Relationship▪ B: Confidentiality, Privileged Communication, and

Privacy▪ C. Professional Responsibility▪ D. Relationships with Other Professionals▪ E. Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation▪ F. Supervision, Training, and Teaching▪ G: Research and Publication▪ H. Resolving Ethical Issues

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Related Codes Divisions and Affiliates of ACA:

▪ AMHCA▪ ASCA▪ IAMFC▪ NBCC▪ CRCC

Related Codes (Besides ACA and related associations)

▪ APA: American Psychological

Association▪ NASW▪ AAMFT▪ APA: American Psychiatric

Association▪ NOHS

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Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Models of Ethical Decision-Making Problem-Solving Models (E.g., Corey’s 8 step

model (p. 72) Moral Models (Principle and Virtue Ethics)

▪ Principled Ethics (e.g., Kitchener)▪ Autonomy▪ Beneficence▪ Nonmaleficence▪ Justice or fairness▪ Fidelity▪ Veracity

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Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Models of Ethical Decision-Making Moral Models (Principle and Virtue Ethics) (Cont’d)

▪ Virtue Ethics (e.g., Mear, Schmidt, and Day) Virtuous counselors are: Prudent, maintain integrity, respectful, and

benevolent They understand the profession and the community They are self-aware, compassionate, understanding

of cultural differences, motivated to do good and have a vision concerning the decisions that are made.

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Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Models of Ethical Decision-Making (Cont’d) Social Constructionist Perspective

▪ Knowledge in codes is intersubjective, changeable, and open to interpretation.

▪ Realities socially constructed▪ Postmodern perspective▪ Language subtly affects culture, especially

disproportionately the underclass▪ Don’t expect answers to come from codes

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Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Models of Ethical Decision-Making (Cont’d) Developmental Models

▪ Perry and Kegan▪ Differences between “lower” vs “higher” levels

▪ Lower level counselors are more rigid, higher more flexible and self-reflective

▪ Dualists vs. Relativists▪ See Box 3.1, p. 75

Summary of Ethical Decision-Making Models (p. 76).

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Ethical Hot Spots (See Table 3.2, pp. 73 to Compare AMCHA, ASCA, ACA) Confidentiality Competence Dual Relationships Inappropriate fee Assessment Informed Consent Misrepresentation of credentials Sexual relationships with clients Report abuse, Transmission of Values

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Reporting Ethical Violations Section H of ACA Code Try to resolve by going directly to counselor

▪ (See Box 3.2 pg. 77) Do ethics committee have jurisdiction?

Legal Issues Related To Ethical Violations Civil and Criminal Liability Role of Ethical Codes in Lawsuits Malpractice Insurance and Best Practices

▪ See Best Practices on pp. 79-80

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History and Development of Professional Standards 1960s: Started to take form 1981 CACREP officially formed 2009, most recent standards Today, many programs accredited Advantages of accreditation

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History and Development of Professional Standards Overview of CACPREP Standards (as of 2013):

▪ Clinical Mental Health Counseling: 60 credits▪ School counseling: 48 credits▪ Student affairs and college counseling: 48 credits▪ Addiction counseling: 60 credits▪ Marriage, couple, and family counseling: 60 credits▪ Also sets standards in many areas of program functioning

Other Accrediting Bodies: CORE, APA, CSWE, COAMFTE

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Types of: Registration Certification Licensure

Credentialing in Related Professions Social Workers: ACSW, ACSW, DCSW, LCSW Licensed Psychologists (Counseling, Clinical,

Psy.D.)

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Credentialing in Related Professions (Cont’d) Psychiatrist

▪ First become licensed physician in state▪ Later becomes “Board Certified” in Specialty

Area (e.g., psychiatry—a national exam). Marriage and Family Therapy Licensure:

▪ Sometimes use AAMFT curriculum▪ Sometimes based on counseling boards▪ IAMFC: National Certification (CFT)

Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse (Basic and Advanced.▪ Advanced: APRN

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Credentialing for Counselors Certifications

▪ CRC through CRCC▪ NCC through NBCC▪ Subspecialty of NCC: NCSC, CCMHC, MAC▪ National Credentialing Academy: CFT

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Credentialing for Counselors (Cont’d) Counselor Licensure

▪ All 50 states plus Puerto Rico, and DC▪ State process: Usually 60 credits, 2 years post

master’s supervision, and exam▪ Lobbying for Credentialing and Counseling-

Related Issues▪ Our “dues” help this happen

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Multicultural Counseling Competencies Originally developed by Sue et al. (1992) Adopted first by AMCD, then by ACA See Figure 3.1, p. 89

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Advocacy Competences Grew out of a number of parallel processes

▪ Transforming School Counseling initiative▪ Advocating for licensure▪ Generally movement toward social justice

issues in the field▪ 2003: ACA Endorsed Advocacy Competencies▪ See Figure 3.2, p. 90

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We have come a long way in 50 or so years Many ethical codes: ACA, AMHCA, ASCA,

Others? Multicultural Counseling Competencies Advocacy Competencies Credentials There are many “pros” to the above, but are

there some “cons” too

The Counselor in Process: A Lifelong Commitment to Professionalism

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© 2007 thomson brooks/cole, a division of thomson learning standards in the profession: ethics,...

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