บทที่ 19 ฟิสิกส์อะตอม

5 http://www.pec9.com 19

1

1 9

19.1

19.1.1 2 10000

19.1.2 1)

2)

3)


2

4)

3) 4) ( ) 1) 2) ()

1. 1. 2. 3. 4.

2. 1. 2. 3. 4.


3

3. 1. 2. 3.

4.

2

( F = q E ) ( F = q v B ) q v B = q E v = BE ( E = d

V )

v = Bd V

v ( / ) B ( ) E ( / , / ) V ( ) D ( )

4. 2 x 103 3 x 104 /

1. 1.0 x 107 2. 1.5 x 107 3. 2.0 x 107 4. 2.5 x 107


4

5. 1 x 103 0.01 200

1. 1.0 x 107 2. 1.5 x 107 3. 2.0 x 107 4. 2.5 x 107

6. 1500 = 1.6 x 1019 , = 9.1 x 1031 1. 2.3 x 107 m/s 2. 2.3 x 106 m/s 3. 2.3 x 105 m/s 4. 2.3 x 103 m/s

R = Bq

m v

mq = R B

v

q 1 ( ) v ( / ) R ( ) m 1 ( ) B ( )


5

mq 1.76 x 1011 -

7. 3 x 107 / 0.001 0.2

1. 1.0 x 1011 2. 1.5 x 1011 3. 2.0 x 1011 4. 2.5 x 1011

8. 2.8 x 107 0.1 1.76 x 1011 1. 0.8 x 103 2. 1.0 x 103 3. 1.4 x 103 4. 1.6 x 103

9. 9 x 107 0.1 ( q / m 1.8 x 1011 / ) 1. 0.05 2. 0.5 3. 2.5 4. 5.0


6

10. e m B R

1. Rm B e 2. Bm R e 3. 2R 2Bm e 4. mR B e

11. 0.114 1 x 103 0.01 200

1. 1.50 x 1011 2. 1.75 x 1011 3. 2.00 x 1011 4. 2.25 x 1011

19.1.3

( Robert A. Millikan ) 2

1. ( W = m g )

2. ( F = q E )


7

F = F q E = m g ( q = n e ) n e E = m g n e = E

mg

q ( ) n e 1 = 1.6 x 1019 m ( ) E ( / ) n e = x 1.6 x 1019 n e = 1 x 1.6 x 1019 n e = 2 x 1.6 x 1019 n e = 3 x 1.6 x 1019

1 1.6 x 1019

12. 5 1.3 x 1015 2 x 104 1 1. 1.1 x 1019 C 2. 1.3 x 1019 C 3. 1.6 x 1019 C 4. 1.8 x 1019 C


8

13. 10 1.6 x 1015 100 1 1 1. 1.1 x 1019 C 2. 1.3 x 1019 C 3. 1.6 x 1019 C 4. 1.8 x 1019 C

14( ) 1 .6 x 1014 1 . 400 1.6 x 1019 1. 25 2. 50 3. 250 4. 500

15. m n 2 d V

1. nVmgd 2. nd

mgV 3. Vnmgd 4. d

nmgV


9

16. 400 /3 2.5 x 1012 3 4 x 105 / 1. 2.5 x 1014 2. 5.0 x 1014 3. 2.5 x 1015 4. 5.0 x 1015

17. 6.4 x 1015 5 5 /2 1 1.6 x 1019

18. 1 12.8 x 1019 C 2. 11.2 x 1019 C 3. 9.6 x 1019 C 4. 1.44 x 1019 C


10

19.2

19.2.1 - (Eugen Goldstein ) () , () ()

19. 1. 2. 3. 4.

+ +

e

e

+ + + + +


11

20. 1. 2. 3. 4.

19.2.2

+ +

e

e


12

21.

1. 2. 3. 4.

22. 1.

2.

3. 4.

+ +

e

e

+ +

e

e

+ +

e

e

+ + + + +


13

23( ) ( - ) 1. 2. 3. 4.

24.

1. 2. 3. 4.

25. (79Au ) 7.9 x 10

15 1. 0.72 x 107 2. 1.44 x 107 3. 0.72 x 108 4. 1.44 x 108


14

19.3

19.3.1

2

1. ( L ) h ( ) 2

h

m r v L = m v r = n h n 1 , 2 , 3 , ....

2. 1.

rn = 5.3 x 1011 n2

rn n ( ) n

26( ) 1. 5.3 x 1011 2. 10.6 x 1011 3. 21.2 x 1011 4. 47.7 x 1011


15

27( En) n = 4 n = 2

19.3.2

En = 2n1E

En n ( , eV ) E1 1 13.6 eV n ; 1 (eV) = 1.6 x 1019 .

4 (E4) = 3 (E3) = 2 (E2) = 1 (E1) =

19.3.3 1. ( n = 1 ) ( n = 1 ) ( Ground State )


16

2. ( Excited State ) 3.

() 1 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2

(410 nm) (434 nm)

(484 nm) (656 nm)

3 4 5


17

. ( )

e

1 ..............

6 2

5 2 4 2 3 2

...............................

...............................

...............................

...............................

..............

3 ............................... ..............

4 ............................... ..............

5 ............................... ..............

28. 1. 2.

3. 4.

29. 1. 2.

3. 4.

30. 1. 2. 3.

4.


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31. 1. n = 1 n = 2 2. n = 2 n = 1 3. n = 2 n = 6 4. n = 6 n = 2

32. 1. 2.

3. 4.

E = Ef Ei

E = efh = 4.125 x 1015 f E =

eCh =

910x 1237.5

E ( ) E E

Ef () Ei ()


19

f ( ) h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )

e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 ) C = 3 x 108 m/s ( ) ( ) 33. 4 2

34. ( 13.6 eV ) 3 1. 0.85 eV 2. 1.51 eV 3. 12.09 eV 4. 12.75 eV

35( En) 13.6 12.09 n 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 5


20

36( En) 13.6 n = 3 n = 2 1. 1.51 eV 2. 1.89 eV 3. 3.40 eV 4. 4.91 eV

37( En) 1. 454.1 2. 545.3 3. 654.8 4. 672.0

38( En) 1. 2.30 x 1014 2. 4.58 x 1014 3. 2.30 x 1015 4. 4.61 x 1015

39( En)

1. 62 nm 2. 100 nm 3. 210 nm 4. 310 nm

e


21

1 = R

2in1 2fn

1 -

R = 1.097 x 107 m1 ( ) nf ni

40. E3 E1 1. 1 x 106 2. 2 x 106 3. 1 x 107 4. 1 x 109

41( En) n = 2 n = 1 n = 3 n = 2 1. 27

5 2. 163 3. 8

3 4. 85


22

42( ) () 1. 1415 2. 1215 3. 952 4. 912

43. k 1. k

1 2. k 3. 43k 4. 3k

4

19.3.4


23

1 2 4.9 eV 1 3 6.7 eV ( 1 ) 4.9 eV 4.9 eV 2 4.9 eV 6.7 eV 6.0 eV 4.9 eV 6.7 eV 6.7 eV 3 44( En) 1. 4.9 eV 2. 4.9 eV 3. 4.9 eV 4.

45. ( eV 13.59 , 3.40 , 1.51 , .... 0 )


24

46. 1. 2.

3. 4.

19.3.5 C V1 C () Vo - A ()

2 1. (continuous X - ray) (fmax) Vo


25

() W = E

e V = h f e V =

Ch

e = 1.6 x 1019 V ( )

h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( ) f ( )

C = 3 x 108 m/s ( ) ( )

2) (characteristic X rays)

47. 10000

1. 4.1 x 109 2. 1.2 x 1010 3. 8.0 x 109 4. 2.4 x 1018


26

48. 0.124 1. 1000 2. 2000 3. 4990 4. 9980

49. 20000 1. 2.42 x 1016 2. 4.83 x 1016 3. 2.42 x 1018 4. 4.83 x 1018

50. 20 () 1. 4.22 x 107 m/s 2. 8.43 x 107 m/s

3. 4.22 x 108 m/s 4. 8.43 x 108 m/s

51. 1. 30.95 nm 2. 61.90 nm 3. 30.95 pm 4. 61.90 pm


27

52( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.

19.3.6

1. 2. 3.

1. 2. 3. 4. L = m v r = n h


28

19.4

19.4.1

(photoelectric effect ) (photo electron)

1. (Work function) W E = W + Ek 2. (W) ( f ) ( fo) (o)


29

3. ( ) (Vo)

Ek = Ep Ek = e Vo

Ek ( ) e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 ) Vo ( ) 4. ( Ek ) , (W) 5. (W) 6. 53. 1. 2. 3.

4.


30

54. 1. 2. 3. 4.

55. 1. () - 2.

3. 4.

56( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.


31

57. 2 1. 2. 2 3. 2 4. 4

E = W + Vo efh = W + Vo eCh = W + Vo

E ( , eV ) W , ( , eV ) Vo ( , eV ) Vo ( )

h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( ) f ( ) e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 ) C = 3 x 108 m/s ( ) ( )

58( En) 3.79 300


32

59. 4 x 107

3.2 x 1019

1. 1.09 2. 2.09 3. 3.09 4. 4.09

60( ) 60 13.6

61. (ground state) 20 - 1. 0 2. 6.4 3. 13.6 4. 20.0


33

62( En) 5.6 1.0 4.2

1. 2.4 V 2. 4.4 V 3. 6.6 V 4. 11.2 V

63. 4.2

64( ) 310 2.0 x 107


34

65. 250 0.6 1. 1.05 x 1014 Hz 2. 2.10 x 1014 Hz

3. 1.05 x 1015 Hz 4. 2.10 x 1015 Hz

66( En)

6 x 1014

1. 0.42 V 2. 0.83 V 3. 1.65 V 4. 2.50 V

2 4 6 f (x1014 Hz) 0

Ek


35

67( En) A 3.3 B 4 x 1014 A B A 1.2 B

19.4.2 (Albert Einstein) 1. (photon) 2. 1 h f

Ch

n = n (h f ) = n (

Ch ) ()


36

3. ( )

68. 1018 6 x 107

( = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ) 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4

69. 550 10 1 1. 2.8 x 1019 2. 3.2 x 1019 3. 3.6 x 1019 4. 4.2 x 1019

70( En) 0.66 2 x 1022 17 50 % ( = 4.2 / . ) 1. 3oC 2. 4oC 3. 5oC 4. 10oC


37

71. 660 7 x 1022 200 40 ( 4.2 x103 J / kg.K ) 1. 25oC 2. 20oC 3. 15oC 4. 10oC

19.4.3 (Arthur H. Compton) (Peter Debye)

19.4.4 P = m C ( m = 2C

E )

P = 2CE C

P = CE ( E =

Ch )

P = 2C C Ch

P = h


38

= Ph ( P = m v )

= m vh = k2mE

h

m v (De Broglic wavelength) (duality of wave and particle)

m v r n h

2 r = n 2 r = n mvh

mvr = n 2h

mvr = n h

72. 1000 72 1. 0.92 x 1038 2. 3.3 x 1038 3. 0.33 x 1038 4. 1.1 x 1038


39

73. 5 1. 0.55 nm 2. 0.85 nm 3. 0.95 nm 4. 1.10 nm

74( En) m 4 1. 21 2. 2 3. 4 4. 8

75. q m

V

1. = h 2. = 2qVmh 3. = 2qVmh 4. = 2qVm

2h


40

76. 1. 2. 2 3.

4.

19.5

19.5.1 ( x ) ( p ) > h x p = m v

h = 2h


41

77. 6.0 x 106 / 0.5 x 106 / 6.7 x 1027 1. 3.1 x 1014 2. 6.2 x 1014 3. 3.1 x 1015 4. 6.2 x 1015

19.5.2

บทที่ 19 ฟิสิกส์อะตอม

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