15

15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4

15.1 15.1.1 1. () TK

19271990ITS90IPTS68 1 K1/273.16 T90t90T90t90 t90/= T90 /K-273.16

2. (1) 15 -1 15 1

(2)

15.1.2 , 1. 15-2

15 2 (a) (b)

15 3 (a) (b)

15 4

2. 15 - 5 -80600

15 5

3. 15-6 20m60m

15 6

15.1.3 1. (15-7 )TT0, AB ;

15 7

15 8

eAB(T)eABT0

, NAtNBtAB

15-7 eAB(T,T0)=eAB(T)-eAB(T0) T0eAB(T0)=cT eAB(T,T0)=eAB(T)-c=f(T) eABT T0T

2. :

15-915-9a eABC(t,t0)=eAB(t)+eBC(t0)+eCA(t0) t=t0 eBC(t0)+eCA(t0)=-eAB(t0) 15-1015-9 eABC(t,t0)+eAB(t0)-eAB(t0)=eAB(t,t0)

15-9

tcABtt0eAB(t, t0)ABttctct0eAB(t, tc)eAB(tc, t0)15-10 eAB(t,t0)=eAB(t,tc)+eAB(tc,t0) , , 0AB(15-10)

15-10

3. IEC8IEC

4. (1) 15-11

15-11

(2) 15-12

15-12

(3) 15-13 0.010.1m

15-13

5. 00 teAB(t, 0)eAB(t,t0) eAB(t,0)= eAB(t,t0)+eAB(t00) eAB(t00)t0

(1) , t0 3502000mm 0100

(2) t00eABtt0teAB(t,0)eAB(t,t0) eAB(t,0)= eAB(t,t0)+eAB(t00)

(3) 0 00

(4) Uab0 15-14r1r2r3rcueAB(t,t0)rcu Uabt0

15-14

6. 15-15 15-16

15-15 (b) (c) (d)

15-16

15-17

15-17 (a) (b) (c)

15.1.4 -2008501K100015-18

15-18

1. R-t (1) IEC-200850 -2000 Rt=R01+At+Bt2+Ct3(t-100)

0850 Rt = R0(1+At+Bt2) RtR0t0 ABC ITS90 A=3.908310-13/ B=-5.77510-7/2 C=-4.18310-12/4

t0R0R0=10R0=100Pt10Pt100Pt100 Rt-tRt Pt10015-8

W100 R100100 R00 W100IECW1001.3850W100=1.3930 99.9995%

(2) -50150 Rt=R01+t,=4.2810-3/ Cu50(R0=50)Cu100R100=100

2. 15-19

1 mm 15-20

15-20

15.1.5 PNPN PN150

1. 15-21 V1V2I1I2V1V2V1V2Ube

15-21

2. (1) 15-22 I1R1I1=I2 1 R1=940R2=30 k=37

15-22

2 15-23 V1V2 V3V4V3V48=8IT R

15-23

R358 ADAD590SG59015-23AD590430 V -50150

3. AD590 AD590 AD590 (1) 15-24AD59025298.2K298.2AAD590Uo1 mV/K25Uo298.2 mVUoAD590

15-24

(2) 15-25 AD311RTAD581 AD590

15-25

(3) 15-26 AD590AD580 2.5 VR2, I1=t010-3 (mA) R1t0U1=I1R1

15-26

t0eAB(t00)St0SV/U1eAB(t00)R1R1 15350.5

15.2 : P F A

SI111Pa kgf/cm2 mmHg mmH2Oatm 1kgf/cm2=0.9807105 Pa1 mmH2O=0.980710 Pa1 mmHg=1.333102 Pa1 atm=1.013 25105 Pa

(1) P (2) P0 (3) p (4)

15.2.2 U 15-27UUp1p2p1=p2 p1

15-27 U

p=p2-p1=gh, U p1P0p2 p2=gh

U15-28UpP0 p=gh

15-28 (a) Ub ; c

15.2.3 1. 15-29

15-29

15-30p xp : c A

15-30

cAx

2. 15-31 pBB15-31/p

15-31

a=b=0 15-329 12354678

15-32

3. 15-33

15-33 (a) (b)

4. 1 3/42/31/3

24105 Pa104 Pa Y-100(06)105Pa2105 Pa4105 Pa1/32/3 104 Pa 1.5

2 15-34a

15-34 (a) (b)

15-34b 15-35

15-35

15.3 15.3.1

1 qv m3/s vAdA qv=vA

2 qm kg/s qm=qv=vA

101% 103%10kPa3% 20101 325 PaqVNNm3/s

: :

15.3.2 15-36

15-36

1. 15-37

15-37 (a) (b) (c)

2. 1 p(p=p1-p2)

15-38AA0 A0A

15-38

2 -v10p101-v20p202- 1=2=

C1C2 C1=v10/v1, C2=v20/v2 v1v2

A1v1=A2v2 mm=A0/A1, A1- =A2/A0A2-

p1p2 p=p1-p2

121=11

3. 15-39

p p

15.3.3 15-40

15-40

qvv K

BDKExqvExqv 50Hz 90

010 mA 420 mA

15.3.4 15-41

15-41

rc15 - 42 vuv u= rc=v tan n

A zfnzHz ,

0.1

15-42

15.3.5

15-43 hlh/l=0.281fvd , St

15-43

St500150 000 15-44St=0.20St=0.16 fvdv qv

15-44

15-4515-43

15-45

15-46

15-46

15.3.6 ,

: :

1. mP15-47 : ar 2r P : at, 2varat2vm-2vm

15-47

vxFc Fc=2vAx , A qm=vA Fc=2qmx

15-48U U

15-48

2. 1 q2v

2 qv K1qvK2=Kqm

3 pq2vqv

15.4 15.4.1

(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5) (6) (7)

15.4.2 1. 15-49

15-49

15-50 15-51 4

15-50

15-51

2. 15-52Am mg=Cx0

C x0 H h xH=h+x mg-Ahg=C(x0-x) ,

15-52

Ahg=Cx xH

15.4.3 15-53

15-53

Hm kg/m3 gm/s2 pPa 15-54

15-54

p0 p+=gH+p0 p-=p0 p=p+-p-=gH Hp p-