THE COLONIAL LEGACY :

SETTLEMENT AND POLITICAL

-1492 Christopher Columbus contract with Catholic monarchs:

-Pope (Alex. VI, from Spain) entrusted a missionary task

Inherent Contradiction?

READING QUIZ Las Casas, Chs. 1-3

What happened at Christmas of 1511 that changed de las Casas’ life?

Which was the first order that the King chose to protect the indigenous people?

What was an encomienda?

HOMEWORK FOR NEXT CLASS Clayton, Bartolome de las Casas, Ch. 4 Chasteen, Blood and Fire, Ch. 3 See The Mission in Libraryor in the history lab

A. SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Two European waves settled the

American continent by 1540

1. From Cuba (1516-1518) to Mexico (1519) Central America (1522) Hernan Cortés landed at Veracruz in March, 1519

-Aztec (Moctezuma) waiting for return of Quetzalcoatl, finery and gifts

2. SECOND WAVE BEGAN IN PANAMA (1523), ANDES 1531

-Francisco Pizarro led expedition in 1531

TP: How did this Conquistador with only 150 soldiers overrun such a huge empire with such a large standing army of thousands?

SETTLEMENT PATTERNS What determined locale and patterns? Mining Zones great focus of Spanish activities Cities first, and closest to mines What was an Audiencia? High Court Audiencia of Santo Domingo 1511-1526 Audiencia of Mexico 1527 Audiencia of Panama 1535-42 Audiencia of Lima 1542 Audiencia of Guatemala 1543 Audiencia of New Galicia 1548 Audiencia of Bogota 1549

B. COLONIAL POLITICAL SYSTEM

1. National: Crown

Council of Indies (1523)

Government by DecreeViceroyalties

New Spain 1521Peru 1542La Plata 1776New Granada 1717

VICEROY: DON LUIS DE VELASCO 1550-64 NEW SPAIN

VELAZCO’S LETTER CONTINUED

AUDIENCIASHigh Courts of Appeals

in the Viceroyalties

Santo Domingo 1511

VISITAS (INSPECTION)

Visita: examination of indigenous town. Why would the VR have needed a visita?

Cuenta: Established the number of tribute payers

Goal of these measures? Imperial context

REVENUE Encomienda? Gradual reversion of encomiendas to

crown Royal tribute in New Spain:

1550: 100,000 pesos1790: well over 1,000,000 pesos

Decline of the EncomiendaBy 1549: lost right to demand labor

lost fight to make it permanentDemographic Collapse and Results

SOURCES Lawrence Clayton Bartolome de las Casas, Chs. 1-3

2. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: Alcaldía Mayor or Corregimiento

Provincial Administrators Intendants(Provincial Governors)

CabildoTown Council

Republica de Espanoles Republica de Indios

Caste System

CASTE SYSTEM

How did this segregation serve the Europeans?

CONCLUSIONS Settlement legacy?

Political Colonial Legacy?