1.02 summarize factors to consider when choosing a place to live. what factors should be considered...
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1.02 Summarize factors to consider when choosing a
place to live. What factors should be considered when choosing a place to live?
Forces that Influences on Housing
History
Technology
Culture
Economy
Society
Environment
Government
Which of these forces involve people?
Which of these forces involve conditions?
Historical Influences
Industrial Revolution
Increase in urban housing
Increase in birth rate, cities grew
Increased demand for housing in urban areas
Housing was built close together and crowded causing high density Tenement housing: early apartments Row houses: continuous group of dwellings connected by common
sidewalls Duplexes: two-family dwellings
Historical Influences
1700s-1800s new inventions, machinery, and technology increased changes in the housing industry
1900s the number of immigrants to the US dramatically increased and moved into cities.
World War I paused the building of housing, causing a shortage, overcrowding and decline in home ownership After WWI 1/3 of the population was living in substandard housing,
below the standards best for people
By the Great Depression, more than 1/2 of the US population lived in cities Housing construction was still decreased People of all incomes struggled Private enterprise and the government saw a need for housing reform
Historical Influences
Factory-produced units emerged to meet the housing shortages Lower cost Less construction time
After World War II, housing construction continued Tract homes, groups of similarly designed homes appeared
Housing improvements New towns Subdivisions
Cultural Influences
Occurred in North America when settlers arrived from all over the world to join the Native Americans Navajo tribe of the North American Southwest, lived in a
“hogan”, a building made of logs and mud Windows faced west and a single door faced east
Immigrants and their unique cultures influenced housing development Spanish built “missions” with whitewashed walls and red-tiled
roofs Pilgrims, duplicated Native Americans, then duplicated English
cottages after the winter
Societal Influences
Changes in household: Needs Wants Lifestyles
Household size
Household composition
Growth of older population
People with disabilities
Affordable housing
Planning for leisure time
Working from home
Mobile living
Environmental Influences
Natural Environment – provided by land Land, water, trees, solar energy, climate Topography: lay of land and climate influence the location and
design of dwellings
Constructed Environment- includes the natural environment after it has been changed by human effort Built, landscaped, heated/cooled to control the indoor climate
Behavioral Environment- an environment for people to interact with one another Human qualities and feelings
Economic Influences
Production and consumption of goods and services related to housing Interaction among consumers, businesses, and
government in meeting housing needs Resources: objects, qualities, and personal strengths
used to reach a goal
Economic Influences
Housing affecting the economy Measuring the economy based on the number of families that can afford
to buy a median-priced home in their area Measuring the economy through the number of housing starts, or new
houses being built in a given year When the economy is down, the number of housing starts may fall short
of expectations.
Economy affecting housing The housing industry depends on the housing market, the transfer of
dwellings from the producers to the consumers The strength of the housing market depends on supply and demand, the
number of existing homes vs. the number needed by the population Growth in the housing industry has a positive impact on the gross
domestic product (GDP), which is the value of all goods and services produced within a given country during a given time period.
Technological Influences
Knowledge of tools, materials, and processes allows people to adapt to their environment
Technology changes over time as new and better ways of meeting human needs
“High tech” has a big and growing influence on housing decisions Media rooms, home theaters, sound systems
Many architects and interior designers use computer aided drafting and design (CADD) Creates designs with a computer to develop housing interiors and
housing plans Plans can be quickly adjusted to conserve materials, improve
building structure, and energy efficiency
Governmental Influences
Legislation- laws regulating housing
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)- the passage of the Housing Act of 1937, the public-housing program was created with the objective of providing decent, sanitary housing for low-income families
US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)- this is a cabinet-level, policy-making body whose mission is to promote a decent, safe, and sanitary home, and suitable living environment for all Americans.
Building codes- establish minimum standards for materials and construction methods Uniform Building code is the most widely adopted model building code in the
world, it sets the minimum standards for building construction
Zoning regulation- a government requirement that controls land use
Consumer Product Safety Commission- created to foster a positive natural environment
Environmental Protection Agency- created to safeguard the natural environment, including the air, water, and land upon which life depends.